The background of this research is the importance of the Visum et Repertum (VeR) examination in identifying victims and determining the cause of death, especially in cases of unidentified corpses that are often found in the Riau Islands area. Proper and accurate VeR checks are vital to support the criminal investigation process, provide justice for victims and their families, and maintain the integrity of the criminal justice system. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of the VeR examination conducted at Bhayangkara Batam Hospital in assisting victim identification and supporting criminal investigations. The study also aims to identify the obstacles faced in the examination process and provide suggestions to improve its effectiveness. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of the VeR examination conducted at Bhayangkara Batam Hospital in assisting victim identification and supporting criminal investigations. The study also aims to identify the obstacles faced in the examination process and provide suggestions to improve its effectiveness. The research method used is normative juridical with an empirical juridical approach at Bhayangkara Batam Hospital. The data was collected through in-depth interviews with forensic doctors, police investigators, and analysis of VeR documents and reports. The data obtained were analyzed using positive law theory from John Austin, legal system theory from Lawrence M. Friedman, and evidentiary law theory. The results showed that although the VeR examination at Bhayangkara Batam Hospital was generally effective, although there were several obstacles that affected the quality and speed of the examination, such as limited resources, medical personnel skills, and the condition of the corpses that were often decomposed. Suggested efforts to overcome these obstacles include improving forensic medical facilities and equipment, ongoing training for medical personnel, implementing standard protocols, and increasing cooperation between related agencies. Suggestions include the need for governments to invest more in forensic infrastructure, the importance of public education on missing persons reporting, and the need for increased collaboration and integrated training for investigators and forensic experts. With the implementation of these suggestions, it is hoped that the effectiveness of VeR examinations can be improved, thereby supporting criminal investigations in a more efficient and fair manner.

With the increasing number of child trafficking cases, the government needs to focus on serious efforts to eradicate this criminal offence. These efforts are not only in the form of law enforcement in a preventive, repressive, and responsive manner, but also efforts related to the recovery or protection of children who are victims of child trafficking after the completion of the criminal justice process which aims to restore the child's future. The research used in this journal is normative legal research. Normative legal research is research that examines the laws and regulations that apply to a legal problem. Normative research with the object of study of legislative documents by studying and examining library legal materials or can be called a study of legal science. Normative legal research tends to place law as a perspective discipline that is only seen in a normative perspective whose research themes include several things such as legal principles, legal systematics, vertical and horizontal synchronisation, legal comparisons and legal history.Efforts that can be made in providing legal protection to children as victims of human trafficking offences in the principle of legality have been regulated in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and national legal rules in the form of laws and Presidential Regulations and also regulated in international legal provisions that have been adapted into Indonesian positive law. Efforts that can be made to ensure the legal protection of children as victims of trafficking offences.

The sister city international agreement is an implementation of regional autonomy carried out by local governments in conducting parallel diplomacy. The Surabaya City Government seizes this opportunity and, among others, engages in sister city cooperation with Liverpool City. This study addresses the issue of the authority of the Surabaya City Government in making sister city international agreements and examines the strength and position of sister city international agreements in the form of a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) from the perspective of international law. The type of research used in this study is juridical-normative, thus the approach employed is a statutory approach by examining all statutory regulations related to sister city international agreements. The results of this research indicate that through the analysis of statutory regulations in Indonesia related to international agreements, the Local Government, in this case, the Surabaya City Government, has the authority to make sister city international agreements in an effort to conduct parallel diplomacy with Liverpool City. The position and strength of the sister city international agreement between the Surabaya City Government and Liverpool City in the form of a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) under international law are a valid international agreement with rights and obligations outlined therein and categorized as a treaty contract that only creates legal implications for the parties involved, namely the Surabaya City Government and Liverpool City.

Rape in a relationship has similar effects to rape outside of marriage. It is intended to avoid unnatural sexual behavior in a couple. Although men are considered to have full rights over their wives including in terms of sexual relations, it can worsen the relationship. The problem raised in this paper is to find out how the regulation of marital rape in Indonesia. The research method used is normative legal research, in order to analyze the vague norms related to marital rape in Law No. 23 Thn. 2004 with Law No. 12 of 2022. With the results of the analysis explaining that the factor of marital rape which later became a serious case both in the national and international scope needs regulations on marital rape, especially in Indonesia as a form of affirmation in the gander structure.

Settlement of land cases through mediation carried out by the Land Office of Boalemo Regency refers to Regulation of Agrarian Affairs Minister and Spatial Planning/Head of the National Land Agency Number 21 of 2020 concerning Handling and Settlement of Land Cases. Mediation as an alternative for resolving land cases, it is necessary to popularize "mediator". A mediator must know psychologically the condition of the parties, so that they feel comfortable and the problem is resolved comfortably. In addition, the mediator must have analytical skills and expertise in creating a personal approach for the parties involved in the dispute. The mediator must be able to understand and give a positive reaction to the perceptions of each party. The goal is to build good relationships and trust. The parties' trust in the mediator makes it easier to reach a consensus. The priority regarding the purpose and function of the mediator is to resolve land cases in order to resolve cases without creating new ones. The research method that the author uses in this study is the empirical juridical law method, empirical juridical law is a study in addition to looking at the positive legal aspects, it also looks at its application or practice in the field. Thus the empirical juridical approach is a legal research method that seeks to see the law in a real sense or it can be said to see, examine, how the law works in society. The results shows that the handling and settlement of land cases through mediation at the Land Office of Boalemo Regency Land Office is done and carried out based on the Agrarian Affairs Minister Regulation and Spatial Planning/Head of the National Land Agency Number 21 of 2020 concerning Handling and Settlement of Land Cases. Constraints faced in handling and resolving land cases through mediation at the Land Office of Boalemo Regency are in the form of juridical and non-juridical constraints. The juridical constraint is the technical instructions for the mediation procedure referred to by the regulation have not yet been published, while the non-juridical constraint is in the form of limited qualified human resources as mediators. Based on this, the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/National Land Agency in the future must make structured, systematic and massive improvements to the mediation process by immediately issuing technical instructions and improving the quality of human resources in terms of being a mediator through guidance, training and direction.

Samarinda City is one of the cities located in East Kalimantan Province and is often found to have cases of Domestic Violence. The implementation of Law Number 23 of 2004 concerning the Elimination of Domestic Violence should be a solution to participate in preventing and overcoming acts of Domestic Violence as a law enforcement effort. However, in its implementation it turns out that there are still cases of Domestic Violence. The research approach used in this research is a Social Legal Research approach which aims to examine two main points of discussion, first to examine the handling of victims of Domestic Violence in Samarinda City. Second, to examine the role of the Perempuan Academy program in empowering community groups for Family Welfare Empowerment to prevent Domestic Violence in Samarinda City. The results of the research show that the handling of Domestic Violence in the City of Samarinda is provided both repressively and preventively, not only to deal with it after it occurs and is experienced by the victim, but also to participate in preventing it before the crime occurs in order to reduce cases of Domestic Violence in the City Samarinda and the Women's Academy program is considered sufficient to help the Family Welfare Empowerment group in Karang Anyar Village, Samarinda City to prevent Domestic Violence.

Corporate Crime or what can be called a criminal act of corruption is a crime committed jointly where the impact can damage democracy, morality, harm state finances, violate the social and economic rights of the community. Nowadays, corporate development seems to be increasingly rapid both in terms of quality, quantity and in the field of business it operates. Corporations operate in fields such as banking, transportation, entertainment, agriculture and so on. The existence of corporations brings many benefits to society and the state, such as: an increase in state treasury income from taxes and foreign exchange, opening up job opportunities, increasing technology transfer and so on. However, there are also negative impacts from these corporations, such as: environmental pollution, exploitation or depletion of natural resources, tax manipulation, exploitation of workers and so on. The emergence of this negative impact is due to corporations pursuing large profits.
 
 

The importance of the role of KSOP in ensuring the security and safety of ports in Indonesia, especially in Batam, which is one of the main ports in Indonesia. Batam Port has dense activities and has the potential to pose various security and safety risks. Therefore, the effectiveness of supervision by KSOP is crucial to prevent incidents that can harm many parties. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of the role of KSOP in the supervision of port security and safety in the Batam Special KSOP area and identify the obstacles faced and efforts that can be made to overcome them. The research methods used are normative juridical and empirical juridical approaches with qualitative analysis. Data was obtained through the study of relevant laws and regulations, as well as interviews with related parties at KSOP Batam. The results of the study show that although KSOP Batam has tried to carry out supervision well, there are several obstacles that reduce its effectiveness. These obstacles include limited human resources and facilities, lack of coordination between agencies, weaknesses in law enforcement, and low awareness and compliance with safety regulations. In addition, challenges in technology and infrastructure also affect the effectiveness of surveillance. Based on these findings, this study provides several suggestions to increase the effectiveness of the role of Batam KSOP. First, increasing the number and quality of human resources through periodic training and certification. Second, strengthen coordination between related agencies through the establishment of an integrated command center. Third, improve the supervision and law enforcement process by implementing stricter and more transparent standards. Fourth, increasing awareness and compliance with safety regulations through continuous education campaigns. Finally, optimizing the use of modern technology and infrastructure to support more efficient and effective surveillance. With the implementation of these suggestions, it is hoped that KSOP Batam can significantly improve the safety and security of the port.

Terrorism is Wrong one crime Which outside normal Because has creating terror creates fear and that's scary has the impression of being cruel to groups or groups. The crime of terrorism has taken away rights basic para human victim Which No know anything about the origin , causes and the purpose of acts of terrorism. Because in in carrying out their actions perpetrators of this terrorism t is indiscriminate. This action is completely contrary to Article 3 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) or Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) Which sounds "Every person entitled on life, freedom and security as an individual”, Article 6 paragraph (1) ICCPR ( International Covenant on Civil and Political Right ) 1999 which states "Every human being is entitled to the inherent right to life himself and every other person must not be deprived of his life arbitrarily", Article 28 A of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia which reads "Everyone has the right to live and the right to defend their life and existence" and Article 28 G paragraph (1) which reads "Everyone has the right to personal protection, family, honor, dignity, property under his control and has the right to a sense of security and protection from the threat of fear of doing or not doing something which is a human right.” This research aims to know How arrangement investigative law t act criminal terrorism in Indonesia And What obstacle investigator in do investigation t act criminal terrorism in Indonesia. This research uses normative legal research research ingredients literature To use get ingredients form theories, concepts, principles as well as regulation law Which related with role investigator in process handling follow criminal terrorism.
 
 

A city is one of the areas heavily populated by people. In Indonesia, there are a total of 98 cities. A city is a complex area because it has various zones such as central zones, industrial zones, and suburban zones. Additionally, a city should also have green open spaces. Green open spaces can help minimize global warming and the greenhouse effect in urban areas. Moreover, cities often grapple with waste issues. Urban residents should develop good mental attitudes and habits, such as not littering. Cooperation between the government, which builds proper and appropriate urban planning by providing green areas, and the public's awareness to maintain city cleanliness by disposing of waste properly, is necessary.