Forests are a vital element in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem because they provide various needs for living things, such as a source of oxygen, carbon dioxide absorber, food provider, climate regulator, and biodiversity conservation place. However, along with the times, deforestation is increasingly rampant and threatens the sustainability of forest ecological functions. One potential approach to preserving forests is local wisdom-based conservation by involving indigenous communities. This study aims to analyse forest conservation practices carried out by the indigenous people of Kampung Naga in Tasikmalaya through a zone division system based on local wisdom values. Using qualitative methods and a case study approach, this research examines how the Kampung Naga community maintains ecosystem balance through structured land management and preservation of forest ecological functions. In addition, this research also explores customary values and norms that shape community behaviour in environmental management, such as the use of natural materials in house construction, sustainable management of agricultural land, and the application of silviculture principles in maintaining forest areas as a life support. The results of this study show that local wisdom can be a strong basis for sustainable natural resource management.

In the era of society 5.0, advances in digital technology have developed rapidly in the lives of the Indonesian people. One of the current digital technologies is artificial intelligence or better known as Artificial Intelligence (AI). DeepL is one of the popular online translator websites used because it utilizes Artificial Intelligence (AI) in deciphering writing. DeepL has become a very useful tool for individuals and organizations in overcoming language barriers. This study aims to analyze the Deepl Write AI platform that is often used by students for foreign language improvement in writing assignments and scientific papers. The research method using descriptive explanatory qualitative type was chosen to convey facts by providing explanations from the data obtained. The results of this study show that DeepL which uses AI contributes to improving students' writing skills and confidence.

This study aims to analyze the intrinsic elements in the novel KKN (Kuliah Kerja Ngebaper) by Nurul Vidya Utami. This novel was selected because it contains various aspects of human life during the Community Service Program (KKN), wrapped in a light yet meaningful romantic and comedic theme. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method with a structural approach, focusing on the analysis of intrinsic elements, which include theme, plot, setting, characters and characterization, point of view, language style, and moral message. The results show that the intrinsic elements in this novel are closely interconnected and together form a coherent narrative structure. The main theme presented is the dynamics of friendship, love, and personal conflict during the KKN activities. A chronological plot is used to portray the story in an orderly manner, with settings that enhance the atmosphere of the narrative. The characters are depicted with diverse and realistic traits. The third-person point of view provides an objective narrative distance, while the moral message conveys deep values about love and sacrifice. This study is expected to contribute to literary studies, particularly in understanding the structure and meaning embedded in modern literary works.
 
 

This study aimed to identify the impact of designing agility ladder drills and their role in developing types of speed and improving the skill performance of the setup skill in volleyball. The researcher adopted an experimental method using pre- and post-tests over an 8-week training program, with a sample of 10 players from Al-Sahaf Al-Oula Intermediate School in Najaf Al-Ashraf. Statistical analysis (SPSS) revealed that the agility ladder drills contributed to developing specific types of speed among the research sample. Additionally, improvements were observed in speed test results and in the volleyball setup skill performance. The researcher recommends implementing the designed agility ladder exercises for their effectiveness in enhancing agility, flexibility, and coordination, as well as diversifying training methods to develop physical attributes.

This study was conducted because there are still many fifth grade elementary school students who still have difficulty in understanding the contents of the reading, especially when asked to think critically or evaluatively. They have not been able to assess or give opinions about the reading properly. In addition, their reading ability is still low. The purpose of this study was to determine students' ability to understand reading evaluatively. This study used a case study method with a qualitative approach. The researcher involved five fifth grade elementary school students as research subjects. The data for this study were obtained through observation, evaluative reading comprehension ability tests, and documentation. The results of this study indicate that fifth grade students still have low evaluative reading comprehension abilities. Students have not been able to answer questions or complete exercises related to the contents of the reading correctly, have difficulty assessing ideas or ideas conveyed by the author based on their experience and knowledge, cannot state reasons for choosing certain ideas or ideas, and have not been able to compare the main ideas in the text with personal experiences properly. Several factors that cause this low ability are students' difficulty in maintaining concentration while reading, lack of interest and motivation in reading activities, and support provided by the family environment.

Mental disorders, particularly schizophrenia, are psychological phenomena that are widely addressed in literary works because they can reflect the inner conflicts of individuals as well as the social problems surrounding them. This study aims to uncover how schizophrenia is represented in the main character of the novel "Skizofrenia" by Disadisso using a psychological literary approach based on Lev Vygotsky's sociocultural theory. The method used is descriptive qualitative, with data collection techniques involving reading and noting the text of the novel. Data are analyzed through the grouping of schizophrenia symptoms, tracing causes, and examining the influence of social interactions on the character's development of the disorder. The results show that the main character, Fara, experiences various symptoms of schizophrenia such as hallucinations, delusions, social withdrawal, and thought disorders, which arise from psychosocial stress, childhood trauma, and a lack of social and family support. The conclusion of the study This research emphasizes that schizophrenia is not only a mental disorder from a purely medical perspective, but also a result of the failure of social and repressive cultural relationships, which is clarified through the literary psychology approach of Lev Vygotsky.

This research examines the psychological aspects of language in the use of language in the character Hendra in the film My Idiot Brother. This research aims to analyze how the language of an individual with severe intellectual disabilities, especially idioty, is depicted through Hendra's speech patterns. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative, by analyzing Hendra's verbal expressions in the film. Data collection was carried out by watching, recording and noting relevant speech examples from films. Research findings indicate that Hendra's language use reflects significant challenges in understanding complex instructions, producing clear speech, and interacting socially, which is consistent with characteristics of severe intellectual disability. This research contributes to understanding language difficulties in individuals with severe cognitive impairment, especially in relation to their ability to communicate and process information. The implications of this research are relevant for educational and therapeutic practice for individuals with similar conditions, emphasizing the importance of providing a supportive environment to meet their communication needs.

????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????????. ???? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ??????. ?? ??? 25 ?????? ???? 15 ????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ???????. ??? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????. ???? ??? ????? ????: 1) ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????. 2) ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????. ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? (PTK) ?????? ???? ????. ?????? ?? ??? ????? 23 ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????. ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????. ????????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????. ????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??????. ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?? : 1) ??? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????? 67% ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? 91%. 2) ??? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? 6?00 ? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? 8?63. ????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ????????.

Ritual Malabuh In Banjar Community of South Kalimantan. This study aimed to determine the structure, function, and to analyze the ritual of malabuh meaning in Banjar community, South Kalimantan. In examining this problem, researchers used a qualitative research with descriptive method. Sources of data in this study were some data of ritual that obtained from 10 informants who have experience in performing malabuh ritual. Data collection techniques used interview through recording the spoken by informants. Data analysis used transcription, identification, classification, and inference of data to determine the structure, function, and meaning of ritual. The result of the research concludes that the structure of the malabuh ritual has a structure consisting of one (1) verse, which is a maximum of 7 lines and a minimum of 1 line. This ritual have the complete sentence structure and have structural elements consisting of greeting, intention, and purpose. Ritual of malabuh was functioned as an introduction or a tool to invoke God's power, either directly or through an intermediary by the mystical crocodile which is believed have the power to provide protection or to eliminate the disturbance. The ritual that analyzed with hermeneutic approach performed significantly as a communication medium for serving malabuh ritual offerings.

Apperception activities have an important role in building the foundation for critical thinking in elementary school students, especially in supporting the Pancasila Student Profile. This research aims to explore the urgency of implementing well-designed apperception in encouraging students' critical thinking abilities. This research uses the library research method as the main approach for collecting and analyzing data. Library research is a qualitative research method that does not involve direct field activities, but focuses on collecting information from various written sources, both published and unpublished. The research results show that structured apperception activities can effectively increase students' active involvement, connecting previous knowledge with new concepts, and gradually forming a critical thinking pattern. This study provides valuable insight for educators in designing effective and targeted learning strategies, which emphasize the development of critical thinking skills from an early age.