This research aims to identify and analyze the factors that cause the degradation of polite culture in elementary school students, as well as its impact on individuals and the school environment. It is hoped that this research can provide a comprehensive picture of this problem. It is hoped that the results of this research can become the basis for developing an effective intervention program to improve the culture of politeness in elementary school students. The degradation of the culture of politeness in elementary school students is a serious problem and requires serious attention. This research aims to identify effective solutions to overcome these problems. This research will examine various programs and approaches that have been implemented to improve the culture of courtesy. Apart from that, this research will also formulate policy and program recommendations that can be implemented in schools. The methodology used in this research is a literature review, with descriptive qualitative analysis from various literature sources. The results of the research show that the lack of strengthening etiquette values at home, school and society is the main factor in changes in student behavior. This research also formulates policy and program recommendations that can be implemented to improve character education in elementary schools. Apart from that, it is hoped that this research can provide practical solutions to overcome the degradation of polite culture, create a generation that is more civilized and appreciates social values.

Along with the development of the times, the presence of digital media has provided new choices for politicians and political parties as a medium in political promotion efforts. This is also utilized by the Gerindra Party, with the @Gerindra TikTok account created since 2022. The @Gerindra TikTok account has succeeded in handling public complaints in an innovative and responsive way. The purpose of this study is to see how political communication, public opinion, and media impact people's behavior. The method used is a descriptive method because it explains the problem in the study which contains a description of the incident to describe it systematically. The results of this study show that in the digital era, media is the most effective means of forming public opinion and public participation in the world of politics is also influenced by the process of political communication and public opinion circulating among them.

This study aims to improve the understanding of algebraic concepts among 8th-grade students through the discussion method. The research subjects were 30 students of SMPN Satap 3 Wolomeze. This classroom action research consisted of three cycles, each including planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The results showed an increase in students' average scores from 60 (pre-cycle) to 85 (cycle 2). Student engagement also improved from 40% to 85%. The discussion method proved effective in enhancing the understanding of algebraic concepts, particularly in linear equations and factorization.
 
 

The research aims to examine the effectiveness of the STEM-based approach in 21st-century mathematics learning. The STEM-based approach integrates four main disciplines science, technology, engineering, and mathematics into the learning process to enhance critical thinking and problem-solving skills. The STEM approach is highly relevant to developing 21st-century competencies in mathematics education as both focus on the skills required to address complex and dynamic global challenges, such as critical thinking, problem-solving, creativity, communication, collaboration, and digital literacy. The research method employed is a literature review, analyzing relevant theories and previous studies on the topic. The results indicate that the STEM approach can improve the effectiveness of 21st-century mathematics learning, such as enhancing students' technological development skills, analytical abilities, creativity, innovation, and the ability to express ideas and formulate problems. The STEM approach also stimulates students to meet the demands of 21st-century mathematics learning, which emphasizes critical and problem-solving skills leading to critical, creative, lateral, and systemic thinking abilities.

The purpose of this article is to explore the reasons behind the TNI's change of name from KST or KKB to OPM, as well as the relevant principles of the rule of law. The TNI Commander issued a decree on this matter based on acts of terror and violations of human rights committed by the group in the Papua region, which have threatened national security. One of the principles of the rule of law owned by the State of Indonesia is the guarantee of human rights by law. The Indonesian government wants to resolve this conflict not only through a military approach, but also with economic, educational, health, and political approaches. The name change has raised public concerns about an increase in military operations that could harm civilians because there is no guarantee of protection from weapons activities that might occur. In addition, this name change is only carried out by the TNI alone and needs support from many parties.

This research aims to investigate the role of educational administration systems in enhancing school quality. Employing a qualitative approach, data were gathered through interviews with school administrators, teachers, and educational staff. The analysis revealed that the effective implementation of administrative systems has a positive impact on school performance. This article discusses these findings and provides suggestions for further improvements in educational management at the school level. These findings have significant implications for the development and enhancement of educational quality within the school environment.

The purpose of this study is to determine the Effect of Inquiry Learning Strategies on the Learning Interests of PAK Students and Class IX Ethics of SMP N 2 Tarutung Learning Year 2022/2023. The research method used is quantitative method. The population is all grade IX students of SMP Negeri 2 Tarutung totaling 179 people and a sample of 32 people was determined using the Purposive Sample technique. Data was collected using a positive closed questionnaire of 48 items, namely 20 items for variable X and 28 items for variable Y. The results of data analysis showed that there was a positive and significant influence of inquiry learning strategies on learning interest in the subjects of Christian Religious Education and Ethics grade IX SMP N 2 Tarutung Learning Year 2022/2023: 1) Test analysis requirements: a) positive relationship test obtained rxy value = 0.609 > rtable(?=0.05,n=32) = 0.349. b) Significant relationship test obtained tcount value = 4.211 > ttable(?=0.05,dk=n-2=30)= 2.042. 2) Influence test: a) Regression equation test, obtained regression equation Y ?="20.49"+1.11X. b) Regression coefficient of determination test (r2) = 37.1%. 3) Test the hypothesis using the F test obtained Fcalculate > Ftable=(?=0.05,dk numerator k=14,dk denominator=n-2=32-2=30) which is 17.69 > 2.01. Thus Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected.

Pancasila as the basis of the Indonesian state regulates the entire order of national and state life as well as all aspects of the state administration of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI). Pancasila did not appear suddenly, but through a long process in the history of the Indonesian nation with contributions from figures such as Prof. Mohammad Yamin S.H., Prof. Dr. Supomo, and Ir. Sukarno. Ir. Soekarno, as one of the founding fathers and explorers of Pancasila, popularized this ideology in his speech on June 1 1945, which became the main reference in the formulation of Pancasila. The process of formulating Pancasila involved various groups with different views, which Soekarno finally succeeded in synthesizing into five main principles: Nationality, Internationalism, Democracy, Prosperity and Belief in God. The principle of God, which was initially proposed as the fifth principle, was finally placed as the first principle in Pancasila. This research uses a literature study method to examine Soekarno's views regarding the principle of God and its relevance in the context of a country that is religiously and culturally diverse. The findings of this research show that Soekarno's thinking regarding God offers an inclusive vision that can unite various beliefs in one principle that is accepted by all Indonesian people, strengthen the nation's spiritual foundation, and help face the challenges of globalization and changes in societal values.
 

This research aims to describe the learning process and outcomes through the use of the Mind Map method. This research uses the Action research research method, starting from: a) planning, b) action and observation, c) reflection. The research process was carried out in two cycles. The research subjects were 28 class VII students at MTs Raudhatul Ulum, consisting of 13 men and 15 women. Data was collected through tests, observations, interviews and documentation studies. Data analysis techniques use qualitative and quantitative data analysis. The results showed improvement after learning using the mind mapping method. Pre-action was carried out to determine the percentage of learning outcomes of 46.77%, increasing to 70.39% after the first cycle, and increasing to 82.22% after the second cycle.

This research delves into the intricate relationships depicted in William Shakespeare's “Hamlet”, with a focus on Hamlet's interactions with female characters. It aims to unravel the complexities of these relationships, shedding light on Shakespeare's portrayal of gender dynamics, power struggles, and emotional entanglements. Employing a qualitative approach, the study analyzes interactions between Hamlet and characters like Ophelia and Gertrude, drawing from primary texts and scholarly analyses. Primary data sources include the original text of “Hamlet” and reputable academic commentaries, complemented by secondary sources like critical essays and historical contextualizations. Data collection involves meticulous examination of relevant play passages, supported by insights from literary criticism spanning different eras. Contemporary perspectives in gender, psychology, and cultural studies enrich understanding of character motivations. Thematic coding, textual analysis, and comparative examinations uncover patterns in Hamlet's interactions, exploring themes such as love, betrayal, and power dynamics. This research contributes to literary scholarship and broader discussions on gender and societal norms, revealing nuanced portrayals and female resilience within patriarchal constraints.