The set theory approach, which is often used in pure mathematics, can be applied to analyze relations between indigenous communities in Papua. This article maps cultural relations between three main indigenous communities Kamoro, Amungme, and Dani with a mathematical approach. Each community is represented as a collection of unique cultural elements, such as wood carving traditions (Kamoro), mountain beliefs (Amungme), and ancestral mummy traditions (Dani). This analysis involves the concepts of intersection, combination, and complementation to identify similarities, uniqueness, and potential conflicts and synergies between communities. This study found that although there is no direct cultural intersection, the combination of cultural elements shows significant richness. This approach provides a systematic tool for understanding relationships between communities, supporting cultural preservation, and creating social harmony.

Education is an essential component in an individual’s life which plays a role in providing self-development, determining the future, and forming national identity. In the educational process, reading skills are an important aspect because reading is the key to gaining knowledge. A high interest in reading will encourage students to learn independently and broaden their horizons. However, interest in reading is often influenced by internal factors such as understanding the benefits of reading, and external factors such as the social environment and the availability of learning media.  Games Book-based learning media is one solution to increase students’ reading interest. This media combines game elements with learning, creating an interactive and fun learning atmosphere. Games Books are also able to stimulate creativity, increase learning motivation, and support collaborative learning. In its implementation, this media is designed to attract students’ attention with educational games such as mazes, puzzles, puzzles and other games. As a result, the use of this media has proven to be effective in increasing students’ reading interest. This research aims to explore the potential of using Games Books in increasing students’ reading interest, especially at the elementary school level. With a creative educational approach, it is hoped that this media can make a positive contribution to the learning process, support the achievement of educational goals, and create meaningful learning experiences.
 

Students have low confidence in PAI learning can be seen from the symptoms that look like hesitant while speaking in front of the class and silence when appointed Master to move forward in the front of the class. The confidence of manifests is comfortable in the environment where the individual is so that individuals feel confident of a step and decision he takes to achieve its expected goals. Confidence is necessary to students to create a good learning attitude so that it can achieve optimal learning achievement. To answer this, the Role Playing model is to complete it, the implementation of the Role Playing learning model in increasing confidence, with the goal to obtain information about the level and the extent to which the Role Playing learning model can increase confidence. For research methods, researchers use descriptive qualitative methods. Interviews, observation and documentation as data collection. And Miles and Hubberman techniques as the data analysis technique, with the procedure of analysis, with the procedure 1) data collection, 2) data reduction, 3) data presentation and 4) Verification of data, as well as data inspection techniques 1) credibitiasi, 2) Tranferability and 3) The dependability as the result of this research is a learning model of role playing can increase student confidence, on the other hand the dominant students are more understandable about the material taught, given the students of elementary school 1 tend to be active and expressive so it can be said the role playing model is very relevant to the students of elementary school class.
Islamic Education

Interest is a sense of interest in something, while learning is the process of producing knowledge, skills and behavior. therefore, interest in learning is an interest in the learning process. This research focuses on the low interest in seeking knowledge by students in Indonesian language learning at level 5 of public elementary school 3 cintabodas, culamega sub-district. This research serves to identify things that make the lack of interest in participating in Indonesian language learning and its influence on the skills of students in capturing and applying to Indonesian language learning. the results of the study indicate that the lack of interest of students in participating in Indonesian language learning is due to the views of students who think that Indonesian language learning is easy and monotonous learning methods in order to develop Indonesian language learning, teachers are advised to apply creative learning methods with varied media. this analysis uses a descriptive qualitative approach with information obtained through question and answer results and evidence and involves educators as the main source.

This study aims to examine the role of educational management leadership in improving the quality of education in schools. In the context of education, school leadership has a significant influence on managing and developing a conducive school environment. Three research questions addressed in this study are: (1) the role of the school principal in managing education, (2) leadership strategies in creating a conducive school environment, and (3) the impact of leadership on the quality of education. The research method employed is a qualitative approach, with data collection through interviews, observations, and document studies. The results indicate that effective leadership, such as implementing participatory leadership, fostering a positive culture, and utilizing technology in management, can enhance teachers' competencies and students' learning outcomes. The study also finds that principals who successfully create a positive school culture contribute to increasing motivation and performance among all school members.

This article discusses the crucial role of parental love and support in promoting the growth and development of young children with special needs. Children with special needs require a more specific and consistent approach to supporting their physical, emotional, and social development. Parents play a central role in providing a safe, comfortable, and loving environment that can stimulate the abilities and skills of the child. Through an inspirational story of a mother who successfully supports her child with special needs to achieve academic success, this article explores how intensive parental attention can have a significant positive impact. Parental love not only creates a harmonious relationship but also fosters self-confidence in the child, enhances adaptability, and strengthens social skills needed for independence. Research shows that children with special needs who receive full parental support tend to experience more optimal development compared to those who do not receive the same support. This article highlights the importance of educating parents to understand the specific conditions and needs of children with special needs, as well as to apply appropriate parenting methods to support the child's future success.
 
 

The first problem faced by students is the ability to represent AMT when learning mathematics. In Indonesia, mathematics is a subject that is less popular with most students because it is complicated and difficult to understand. Mathematical material and mathematical thinking skills are two things that continue to develop, namely between mathematical material that is understood and students' mathematical thinking skills that need to be further developed through mathematics learning and mathematical material that continues to be developed more widely. This study aims to compare several AMT learning strategies for students. This study can improve the abilities that students already have to be better. Especially the development of mathematical abilities in students, one of which is AMT ability. Therefore, in learning mathematics, it is necessary to develop students' AMT abilities. The research method used in this study is descriptive analysis. This study also uses a Randomized Pretest Posttest Control Group Design research design. The results of experimental research on the effect of learning strategies on students' AMT abilities. The use of cooperative learning in learning activities in schools has various advantages or benefits. Strength is oriented towards optimal learning activities so that learning objectives can be achieved effectively through the support of lecturers and students in learning. In addition, the selection of learning strategies used by lecturers is greatly influenced by the nature of the subjects to be taught and is also influenced by the level of AMT ability that already exists in students.

This study aims to solve the population dynamics model using the Euler method, where the model is a nonlinear differential equation. The research methods used are literature study and simulation methods. In theory, the Euler Method is a numerical method that is often used in solving initial value problems. The Euler method is obtained by decomposing a function into a Taylor series up to two initial terms. This method has an accuracy of one.

At the management theory lutter gulick advanced, that budgeting is the central part of management. The program will pass premeditated when the funding is sufficient to finance the program. Including the principal's needs program. Unfortunately, though, the school principal's needs are rarely given a clear signal, and if they are realized, others like the mark up of the budget may arise. Such issues require resolution so that there is no swelling in the budgetary process, to which this inscription appears. As for the research methods used in this study are qualitative research methods, to be exact library research. With a documentary data collection technique and data analysis analysis of content analysis. His research was a projection of the principal's needs essential to the quality of education. This need has to adjust the dynamic growth of schools and policies. The main challenges include a lack of a competent headmaster, an unstandardized recruiting process, anda difficult mapping of needs in the area. Effective solutions include sustained training, instructional leadership, and stakeholder collaboration.
 

This research is classroom action research (PTK) carried out at MA Darusslam Manuju District. Gowa which aims to improve Mathematics Learning Activities Using the Means Ends Analysis Method. The subjects of this research were class X students. Data were collected using student activity observation sheets. The collected data was analyzed using quantitative and qualitative analysis. The results of the research showed that the average percentage of student activity in cycle I was 29.63% with a little category. and in cycle II it was 55.73% in the many category. So an increase of 26.1% was obtained. These results can be concluded that there has been an increase in Mathematics Learning activities using the Means Ends Analysis Method.