This research aims to examine the transformation of traditional expressions in the Makassar traditional wedding procession in the modern era. The main focus of the research is to understand how these expressions adapt to social change, technology and modern values, as well as their impact on preserving the culture and identity of the Makassar community. The method used in this research is a qualitative approach with in-depth interview techniques and participant observation. The research results show that although some traditional expressions have undergone modifications to adapt to the modern context, the core of the cultural values ??contained are still maintained. This transformation reflects adaptive cultural dynamics and shows that modernization does not always threaten tradition, but can serve as a means of strengthening and enriching cultural heritage. This research emphasizes the importance of striking a balance between preserving traditions and innovating so that these traditions remain relevant amidst changing times.

The objective of this study were to discover out:1) To discover out whether or not the Viability of Seriously every day discussion toward Understudy Talking Aptitudes at the Moment Semester FKIP Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidrap. 2) To know whether students' were inquisitive about utilizing Seriously Every day Discussion to progress the talking ability at the Moment Semester FKIP Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidrap. This inquire about utilized quantitavive strategy with utilized clusster testing. The populace of this inquire about is the moment semester; precisely the moment semester of FKIP Muhammadiyah Sidenreng Rappang. The full number of populace is 114 students. The tests in this inquire about is from 2A1 comprise 37 understudies. So the entire test of the investigate is 24 understudies. The information of the investigate were collected by utilizing two sorts of instrument, to be specific talking test and survey. Talking test was utilized to get information of the students' talking capacity and survey was utilized know the understudies intrigued in talking English through Seriously Day by day Discussion. The result of information investigation appeared that three was critical distinction between the students' score after they were instructed by Seriously Day by day Discussion and some time recently they were instructed by utilizing Seriously Day by day Discussion. It was demonstrated by the cruel score of the post-test which was higher than the cruel score of pre-test (69.5>32.29). Besides, the result of the t-test esteem (0.0005) was more prominent than t-table (? = 0.05; df = 11; t-table 1.701) which implies that H1 was acknowledged. At that point, the examination of intrigued by utilizing Likert Scale demonstrated that the understudies were interested to talk English by utilizing Seriously Day by day Discussion. Based on information investigation, the inquire about concluded that: (1) the utilized of Seriously Every day Discussion. Moved forward students' speaking ability; (2) the utilized of Seriously Daily Conversation made the students' curious about speaking English.

This study explores the effectiveness of StudyTok, a TikTok-based educational initiative, in fostering media literacy among university students. Using a descriptive quantitative approach, data were gathered from 40 students to evaluate the platform's impact on engagement, reading comprehension, writing proficiency, and critical thinking. Results revealed that 85% of participants found StudyTok engaging, with notable improvements in reading comprehension (70%) and critical thinking (75%). However, only 60% reported significant enhancement in writing skills, indicating room for more structured content in this area. The study highlights generational differences in platform navigation, with digital natives adapting seamlessly compared to digital immigrants who faced initial challenges. Guided by Potter’s Media Literacy Theory, this research underscores StudyTok’s potential to bridge digital literacy gaps and recommends its integration into educational curricula to foster inclusive, critical media consumption skills.

Language serves as a crucial instrument for shaping communication and fostering understanding across diverse contexts. Effective text organization can prevent misunderstandings, making a deep understanding of English text systems and structures essential. Discourse analysis, which examines language use in social contexts to create meaning and facilitate communication, is vital for appreciating the subtleties of language and the strategies employed by speakers and writers. This study focuses on the role of references within discourse. Using Jane Austen’s Persuasion as a data source, this research applies Halliday and Hasan’s (1976) framework to analyze the types of anaphoric and cataphoric references. Through a descriptive qualitative methodology and document analysis, the study identifies a higher frequency of anaphoric references compared to cataphoric ones. This analysis provides insights into Austen’s storytelling techniques.

Stand-up comedy has evolved into a dynamic platform for the treatment of complex social and environmental issues, combining entertainment and education. However, little is known about how stand-up comedians manage the balance between entertainment, education, and ethical responsibility when addressing environmental challenges. This study aims to understand how humor functions as a tool for raising environmental cultural awareness and promoting positive behavioral changes. The study employs a case study methodology in conjunction with a qualitative approach. The analysis will be carried out through discourse analysis to uncover the underlying themes, ethical considerations, and communication techniques embedded in Pandji Pragiwaksono's humor. The findings from this study will not only enhance our understanding of humor's role in environmental communication but also provide practical insights for comedians, environmental educators, and communicators who are trying to effectively engage audiences while maintaining ethical integrity across different cultural contexts.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the portrayal of greed and power in the film Planet of the Apes and focus on how these themes affect the relationship between humans and apes. This study will focus on understanding the role of greed and power in social and interspecies dynamics and explore how these destructive forces shape character behavior as well as the broader conflict in the story. This study uses qualitative descriptive analysis to explore the themes of "greed" and "power" in Planet of the Apes. The study employs descriptive research to explore how these themes are intertwined in the plot, particularly the dynamics between humans and apes. The study emphasizes the destructive effects of greed, which leads to conflict, exploitation, and oppression and affects both species. Proximus symbolizes the greed of apes, who misuse Caesar's teachings to fuel their violent ambitions, while Mai symbolizes the greed of humans, who crave manipulation and control. The results of this study show how humans struggle to coexist with the greedy apes, thus reinforcing the narrative of inevitable conflict and power struggle.

This article presents a systematic review of pragmatic competence in second language acquisition (SLA), emphasizing its critical role in effective communication and intercultural understanding. Pragmatic competence encompasses the ability to understand and use language appropriately in diverse social and cultural contexts, including mastering speech acts, politeness strategies, conversational implicatures, and intercultural pragmatics. Despite its importance, pragmatic competence often receives less attention in language instruction compared to grammar and vocabulary. The review highlights the effectiveness of explicit and implicit teaching methods, authentic interaction, and cultural immersion in developing pragmatic skills. It also underscores the role of technology, such as digital platforms and simulations, in enhancing learners’ ability to navigate real-life communication scenarios.
The findings reveal significant challenges, including cultural variability in pragmatic norms, difficulties in standardizing assessments, and the influence of learners’ individual differences. The study calls for innovative teaching and evaluation methods, focusing on personalized approaches and the integration of pragmatic learning with emotional intelligence. By synthesizing current research and practices, this article provides valuable insights for educators, curriculum developers, and researchers, advocating for adaptive, culturally informed, and technology-supported strategies to enhance pragmatic competence in SLA.

Language plays a crucial role in communication as it occurs in every individual's or group's interaction. When visiting a country that speaks a foreign language, it is essential to effectively communicate in that language. This research studied international students who qualified to study abroad yet still experienced some language barriers while living in Australia. This study aims to find what are the types, effects, and their strategy to prevent the language barrier they experienced. A qualitative approach was applied in this research and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 3 Indonesian students who study in Australia. The result shows that the types of language barriers faced by the participants were: technical jargon, badly expressed message, and unclarified assumptions. Then, confusion was the primary impact of the language barrier on each interviewee. Lastly, the strategies they used to prevent the language barrier were: speaking slowly and clearly, asking for clarification, frequently checking for understanding, and being patient. In addition, it is suggested that international students find out more about the culture through local television movies or series so that they become familiar with the local terms.

Pragmatics, a fundamental branch of linguistics, focuses on the implicit rules that govern human interaction. It delves into how meaning is constructed, conveyed, and interpreted in everyday communication beyond literal language. This study explores the mechanisms of pragmatics in daily life, particularly how context, shared knowledge, and social conventions influence interactions. Key areas examined include speech acts, implicature, and politeness strategies, which highlight the dynamic nature of meaning-making in various social contexts. Speech acts, such as requests, apologies, and promises, illustrate how utterances perform actions beyond their lexical content. Implicature examines how individuals infer meaning that is not explicitly stated, relying on context and shared assumptions. Politeness strategies, which vary across cultures, play a crucial role in managing interpersonal relationships and ensuring smooth communication by balancing social expectations and individual intentions. Understanding these unspoken rules is essential for effective communication, as they often dictate the success of social interactions. Misinterpretations in pragmatics can lead to misunderstandings, social faux pas, or conflicts, emphasizing the importance of cultural and contextual awareness. Pragmatic competence is crucial in multilingual and multicultural settings, where differing conventions and norms can create unique challenges. By synthesizing theoretical insights from existing literature, this study highlights the pervasive influence of pragmatics in shaping human interaction. It underscores the necessity of pragmatic awareness in fostering interpersonal understanding, enhancing communication skills, and navigating the complexities of social life effectively.
 

Planning effective English reading lessons is a complex task for teachers because of challenges such as variations in student ability levels, limited resources, and time constraints. This research aims to identify the main challenges teachers face in planning reading lessons, including improving students' reading comprehension, adjusting the level of support to students' abilities, and implementing reading strategies.  The research method used is qualitative, with data collection through semi-structured interviews with teachers from various levels of education. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify main patterns and themes.  The research results show that teachers face challenges in managing the diversity of students' reading abilities, selecting reading materials that are interesting and culturally relevant, and integrating technology into learning. Additionally, appropriate assessments for English Language Learners (ELL) students and the need to provide emotional support to students are also challenges. Limited professional training and resources contribute to this situation.  This research also concludes that successful learning to read English requires a multifaceted approach that includes learning adjustments, teacher training, collaboration, and access to a variety of reading materials. By providing adequate support for teachers, these obstacles can be overcome, so that reading learning becomes more effective and inclusive.