Political economic analysis in handling economic inequality in Indonesia reveals that although the Gini Ratio shows a decline, economic inequality remains a serious issue. Inequality is seen from the uneven distribution of income, access to education, and economic opportunities. The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of political economy in handling economic inequality and to open up policies that have been implemented in Indonesia. The research method used is qualitative research with a descriptive analytical approach. The government has launched various policies such as social assistance and infrastructure development, but implementation challenges such as resources, corruption, and lack of coordination between institutions still hamper the effectiveness of these policies.

Legal protection for victims of sexual abuse of minors is very important to guarantee children's rights and provide justice for them. Sexual abuse of children is an act of violence that can have serious impacts on the psychological, social, and physical development of children. Therefore, the state, through various legal policies, plays a role in protecting children from the threat of sexual abuse. In Indonesia, various regulations have been set to provide protection, such as the Child Protection Law, which regulates children's rights to protection from sexual violence. In addition, clear legal mechanisms and psychological assistance processes are also very necessary to ensure the recovery of victims after the incident. The importance of a child-friendly justice system is also highlighted in legal protection efforts, considering that victims often feel intimidated and marginalized in the legal process. A court process that is sensitive to the psychological condition of children will help reduce further trauma for victims. Legal protection also includes imposing strict sanctions on perpetrators to provide a deterrent effect, as well as educating the public about the importance of protecting children from sexual abuse. The government and related institutions must work together to strengthen this protection system.
 

This article explores the mechanisms of supervision and legal protection within state administration. Ensuring legal protection for citizens is a vital aspect of governance in democratic nations. Laws serve as tools to regulate rights, obligations, and legal entities, enabling them to fulfill their duties and receive fair treatment. Additionally, the law functions as a protective framework for legal subjects. The legal relationship between the state and its citizens can be governed either by state administrative law or civil law, depending on the state's role and position in upholding the law. The government may act as a civil legal entity or a public official, subjecting its legal actions to either the Civil Code or state administrative law. Mechanisms for supervision and legal protection in state administration include embedded supervision, functional supervision, and external supervision. Furthermore, citizens are afforded legal protection through administrative law mechanisms such as administrative law provisions, administrative appeals, and administrative courts.

This research is a qualitative descriptive study aimed at understanding and analyzing the performance of the Secretariat employees at the Ambon City General Election Commission (KPU) in 2024. The study was conducted at the Ambon City KPU. The data collection techniques used were observation, interviews, and documentation with a total of 10 informants who were considered directly involved in the role of the Secretariat employees’ performance in organizing the local election. The results of this study indicate that the performance of administrative services is not yet optimal or has not been implemented properly. This can be seen from the research findings regarding service standards, which include several indicators: service procedures, completion time, facilities and infrastructure, and the competence of service officers. The study concludes that improvements are needed in discipline, knowledge, skills, and expertise of the officers so that the service process can be carried out effectively.

Purpose of the Study :This study aims to explore the challenges of multiculturalism in Indonesia within the context of citizenship and the recognition of local cultures. It focuses on how cultural diversity can be managed to form an inclusive national identity and address issues such as marginalization, homogenization, and ethnic conflicts. Methodology : The research employs a literature review and qualitative analysis of primary and secondary sources. Data was gathered through a review of existing literature, interviews with community leaders, and observation of public policies related to multiculturalism in Indonesia. Findings : The study reveals that marginalization of local cultures and homogenization due to globalization are major challenges. Conflicts between ethnic groups have also increased due to tensions related to cultural and economic differences. Current public policies do not fully reflect the country's cultural diversity. Conclusion : To address these challenges, it is necessary to strengthen multicultural education, preserve local cultures, and foster intercultural dialogue. Effective management of globalization's impact is also crucial to maintaining cultural diversity. With these measures, Indonesia can build an inclusive and harmonious national identity while reinforcing social cohesion.

This study aims to conduct a comparative analysis between national law and Islamic law, focusing on the principles, implementation, as well as the differences and similarities between the two in social, political, and cultural contexts. National law in Indonesia is a combination of customary law, colonial law, and modern law derived from Western legal systems, while Islamic law originates from Sharia, based on the Qur'an and Hadith. In certain areas, such as family law, civil law, and criminal law, these two legal systems exhibit distinct approaches, both philosophically and technically. The study finds that while national law emphasizes secularism and state sovereignty, Islamic law places greater emphasis on moral and divine justice. However, in the Indonesian context, both legal systems sometimes operate in parallel or undergo processes of adaptation and accommodation. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the dynamics of the interaction between national law and Islamic law, as well as how both influence the judiciary and society in general.

Mulya Happenny. This study aims to get an in-depth picture of the effect on improving the performance and motivation of Bappeda employees of Penukal Abab Lematang Ilir (PALI) Regency. The place that became the object of research was the Bappeda of Penukal Abab Lematang Ilir Regency which was located on Merdeka Street, Handayani Mulya Village, Talang Ubi District. The background of the problem in this study is the decline in employee performance from 2019 to 2021. Since 2020 in PALI Regency there are many echelon 2 positions. The Head of Division at Bappeda also holds the position of Head of Service in another place. So the researchers tried to examine whether there is an effect on improving the performance and motivation of employees under these conditions. The method used is a quantitative analysis method using the SPSS v 25 application. Data collection uses a Likert questionnaire. The number of samples taken was 50 employees using the saturated sample method or using the total population. Data analysis used is validity and reliability test, classical assumption test, simple linear regression analysis, and multiple linear regression as well as t-test, F test, and coefficient of determination test (Adjusted R Square). The results of the study indicate that leadership has a varied effect on increasing employee motivation and performance. Leadership in the Infrastructure Sector on improving performance with the magnitude of the influence of 25.67%, 74.5% from the Head of the Ecososbud Sector, and 26.6% from the Head of the Program. The difference in the magnitude of the effect is also shown in the employee motivation variable, namely 27.6% from the Head of the Infrastructure Division, 25.6% from the Division Head, and 30% from the Program Head. The simultaneous influence shows that leadership will affect performance improvement by 90% and 33.4% effect on employee motivation. From the results of the study, it can be suggested to the leadership to improve the quality of good leadership and make improvements in terms of coordination and communication with subordinates.

East Ciputat District one of the government institutions that has the task of providing community services. In providing services, Ciputat Timur District still has several problems, namely that performance accountability is not yet optimal, the use of information technology has not been optimized to help the smooth running of services, and the pattern of training for officers is not yet oriented towards improving performance. The purpose of this research is to determine the current performance of employees in East Ciputat District, South Tangerang City. The research method used in this research is descriptive with a qualitative approach, with data collection techniques namely observation, interviews and documentation. This research is based on the theory of Employee Performance Indicators by Bernardin (2016), and found several findings that now East Ciputat District employees have experienced an increase in their performance. This is known from the quality of employee performance which satisfies community expectations, and also from employee responsiveness in resolving problems. Apart from that, employees can also responsibly complete 3 cycles of work activities, successfully achieve predetermined performance targets, as well as being disciplined in carrying out their main duties. Apart from that, the employees are agile and have good synergy in working.

UMKM in Jarin Village, Pamekasan Regency face various challenges in developing their businesses. One of the challenges faced is the suboptimal protection and development of their businesses, many of which do not yet have a NIB or even a PIRT. The investigative approach employed is a type of empirical legal inquiry utilizing a field study methodology (Field Research). Data gathering for this investigation involved various techniques such as interviews, observations, and literature reviews. The study's location is situated in Jarin Village, within the Pademawu District of Pamekasan Regency. The data analysis technique applied in this research is descriptive-qualitative. Findings from the study during the MBKM KKNT indicated that the UMKM present in Jarin Village, Pademawu District, Pamekasan Regency are limited in number, only a handful. Among these is an UMKM focused on the Krupuk Opak and Jagung Goreng venture, which maintains a marketing scope that remains at the regional tier. Furthermore, business operators have yet to secure a PIRT certificate, despite the fact that legally, those in the food or snack industry are mandated to acquire PIRT in accordance with the Food and Drug Supervisory Agency Regulation Number 4 of 2024 related to Guidelines for Issuing Certificates of Commitment Fulfillment for Home-Processed Food Production, therefore KKNT participants provide assistance to the Pamekasan Regency Health Office for the issuance of PIRT. It is proven that after obtaining a P-IRT permit, the product marketing network has increased and sales have increased and the legality of the business is strong.
 

The aim of this research is to examine the legal certainty of deeds of sharing joint rights due to divorce related to blocked land title certificates. The type of research that will be used is normative. The research approach is carried out using the statutory approach, case approach, conceptual approach and analytical approach. Sources of legal materials used in normative legal research consist of primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. Data analysis techniques by collecting legal materials and other sources of legal materials that are relevant to the legal issues being studied. Analysis of legal materials carried out in this research is legal interpretation (interpretation) and legal construction methods, namely grammatical interpretation, systematic interpretation. Legal certainty regarding the Deed of Sharing of Joint Rights regarding divorce is based on the Civil Code, the Marriage Law and legal regulations regarding land so that the process of transferring land rights can be carried out.