Breast milk damming is the result of inadequate emptying and delayed milk ejection, which blocks the glands and causes the milk to get dammed. Breast milk dam events are brought on by a build-up of breast milk and inadequate milk ejection, which obstructs the milk ducts and produces breast enlargement. The purpose of this study is to examine the variables that affect postpartum women's breast milk dams. This study's methodology combines a cross-sectional approach with analytical survey research to get quantitative results. Respondents were given a questionnaire form to complete in order to collect data. The research sample used a total sampling of 37 respondent. Total sampling was used to determine sampling. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test with the help of Fisher’s exact test and Likelihood ratio. The results of the research in this study showed that all variables influenced breast milk dam by obtaining a p value <0.05. Bivariate analysis on breastfeeding position found P = 0.012 which means there is an effect of breastfeeding position on breast milk dam. In breast care, the value of p=0.001 was obtained which has an influence on breast milk dam. While the frequency of breastfeeding has an effect on breast milk dam with a value of p=0.000. And in knowledge with a value of p=0.009 which means it has an influence on breast milk dams. It was concluded that there was an influence of breastfeeding position, breast care, breastfeeding frequency, and knowledge on breast milk dams. The most influential factor on breast milk dam is the breast care variable.

Nutritional problems among toddlers remain a public health issue in Indonesia, including in the Central Lampung region. A mother’s knowledge, as the primary caregiver, plays a crucial role in determining a child’s nutritional status. Good knowledge can help mothers provide balanced nutrition for their children. This study aimed to determine the relationship between mothers’ knowledge of toddler nutrition and the nutritional status of toddlers at Posyandu Tanjung Jaya, Bangun Rejo Subdistrict, Central Lampung. This research used an analytic design with a cross-sectional approach and was conducted from January to February 2024. The respondents were 75 mothers with children aged 1–5 years who visited Posyandu Tanjung Jaya. Mothers’nutritional knowledge was collected through questionnaires, while data on children’s nutritional status were obtained from Posyandu records. Analysis was performed using Fisher’s Exact Test. The results showed that most mothers (93.8%) had good nutritional knowledge, and 94.7% of them had children with good nutritional status. Statistical analysis showed a significant relationship between maternal knowledge and toddler nutritional status (p < 0.001; PR = 11.29). Mothers with good knowledge were 11 times more likely to have well-nourished children. These findings highlight the importance of continuous nutrition education as a preventive effort against toddler malnutrition.

This study aims to review the latest developments in medicinal chemistry and its prospects in the development of future treatments. Through a comprehensive literature study approach, this study analyzes the latest innovations in drug design and development, including the use of computational technology, nanotechnology, and biological target-based approaches. The results show that the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies with conventional medicinal chemistry techniques has opened a new paradigm in more efficient and precise drug discovery. Personalization of treatment based on patient genetic profiles, development of new antibiotics to overcome antimicrobial resistance, and nanomaterial-based therapies are important trends in contemporary medicinal chemistry applications. This study concludes that the future of medicine will be greatly influenced by advances in medicinal chemistry, with the main challenges being safety, regulation, and accessibility.More intensive multidisciplinary collaboration is needed between chemists, biologists, pharmacologists, clinical medicine, and informatics to optimize the potential of medicinal chemistry in the future medicine revolution.

The rehabilitation program through physiotherapy has proven effective in accelerating the recovery of knee injuries in soccer athletes by employing a structured approach that includes pain reduction, mobility enhancement, and muscle strengthening. Case studies and research indicate that a combination of interventions such as cryotherapy, Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS), range of motion (ROM) exercises, and muscle strengthening leads to significant improvements within 3-6 weeks. The primary methods utilized include physical therapy to reduce edema and pain through modalities like cold compresses and electrical stimulation, progressive exercises focusing on flexibility, balance, and strength of the quadriceps-hamstring muscles, as well as a phased rehabilitation approach (acute, restoration, strengthening) tailored to the patient's clinical condition. Research involving 25 patients post-ACL surgery showed an increase in passive flexion ROM of 31.07% and a decrease in swelling by 3.33% after therapy sessions. For soccer athletes, these interventions facilitate a return to optimal movement function within a short timeframe through controlled sport-specific exercises. The study concludes that a comprehensive physiotherapy program significantly accelerates functional recovery and reduces the risk of long-term complications.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to measure the total phenolic content in papaya (Carica papaya L.) leaf and seed extracts and to evaluate their potential as anticancer agents based on their antioxidant activity. Methodology/approach: Location & Materials: Papaya leaves and seeds were sourced from Manoko, Bandung. Extraction: The samples were washed, dried at 45°C, powdered, and extracted with 70% ethanol using the reflux method. Analysis: Total phenolic content was measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at 761 nm after reacting extracts with Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and sodium carbonate. Results were compared to a gallic acid standard curve. Supporting Methods: Literature review on medicinal chemistry and anticancer drug development, as well as qualitative analysis using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) for main phenolic compounds. Results/findings: Papaya leaf and seed extracts contain significant phenolic compounds, including flavonoids and phenolic acids. These phenolics contribute to antioxidant activity, which helps protect cells from oxidative damage linked to cancer. Previous studies show papaya leaf extract can act as an immunomodulator and anticancer agent, while papaya seed contains benzyl isothiocyanate, which inhibits cancer cell growth. Limitations: The study only measures total phenolic content and does not isolate or identify individual active compounds. Anticancer activity is inferred from phenolic content and literature, not directly tested in vivo or in clinical trials. Contribution: This research provides scientific evidence that papaya leaves and seeds are promising natural sources of phenolic compounds with antioxidant and potential anticancer properties. The findings support further research in pharmacy, medicinal chemistry, and oncology, especially for developing plant-based anticancer agents.

This research focuses on understanding how gender equality impacts per capita income in Gorontalo Regency. A quantitative method was used, relying on secondary data for analysis. To explore the connection between gender equality and per capita income, simple linear regression was applied. The results indicate that gender equality positively and significantly influences per capita income in this area. The analysis showed a determination coefficient, which reveals that 81. 3 percent of the change in per capita income is accounted for by gender equality, while the remaining 18. 7 percent is affected by other factors that are not considered in this study. This implies that enhancing gender equality plays a crucial role in boosting per capita income within Gorontalo Regency.

The accuracy of the diagnosis code is a statement that shows a code for a convincing diagnosis, and has been said to be certain and clear according to the ICD-10 guidelines. The purpose of this study was to obtain an overview of the analysis of the accuracy of injury codes and external causes of injury in emergency care electronic medical records at the Jakarta Islamic Hospital Sukapura. This research is descriptive research with a Mix Methode approach. Data collection techniques using observation and interview methods. Samples were taken using saturated sampling techniques totaling 81 electronic medical records of emergency care patients. The accuracy of the injury code is 22% correct, and the accuracy of the external cause of injury code incorporated in traffic accident cases and other accident cases is 0% correct. The low accuracy of injury codes was due to not adding character 5, block code errors, and errors in determining code categories. The results of the accuracy of the external cause of injury code obtained were 0% correct because 80 electronic medical records of emergency care patients did not contain the code for the external cause of injury. Factors that hinder the accuracy of injury codes and external causes of injury are influenced by man factors, namely high workload, dependence on ICD-10 codes on doctors, and lack of feedback audits. Then the influence of material factors, namely the incompleteness of supporting documents, lack of detail in diagnosis, and lack of chronological letters of events. Then the influence of method factors, namely unsupportive policies and procedures, lack of training and understanding, and weak application of external cause of injury codes.
 

In the ever-growing digital era, hospitals are required to adopt the latest technology, one of which is electronic medical records (RME). RME is a digital patient health data recording system that offers various advantages in improving service quality and hospital operational efficiency. This study aims to examine improving hospital services through the implementation of RME by conducting a literature review. The research uses a literature review method by identifying, selecting and analyzing relevant literature related to the implementation of RME and its impact on improving the quality of hospital services over the last 10 years. Data is analyzed descriptively to find patterns, trends and consistent findings. The results of the literature review show that the implementation of RME can increase the effectiveness of outpatient services, improve the quality of health care, and improve patient safety. RME provides easy access and sharing of patient health information between medical personnel, increased security and privacy of patient data, as well as efficiency in data storage and tracking. However, there are challenges such as large initial investment costs, risk of technical glitches, and resistance from medical personnel to system changes. Implementing RME in hospitals provides many benefits in improving service quality and hospital quality. However, careful planning, support from all parties, and handling of existing challenges and weaknesses are needed to ensure the success of RME implementation.
 

Globally, at least 100 million girls are at risk of undergoing female genital mutilation (FGM) each year, with an estimated 6,000 girls affected every day. In Indonesia, the practice of FGM is generally rooted in cultural or traditional beliefs that have been passed down through generations within communities. Therefore, this study aims to examine the relationship between mothers' perceptions and attitudes and the practice of female genital mutilation (FGM). This is a quantitative study employing a cross-sectional design. Data were collected using purposive sampling, with a total of 50 participants. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test. The results showed that Nearly most of the mothers with a positive attitude practiced female genital mutilation (FGM), totaling 12 individuals (80%), and the majority of mothers with poor perception also practiced FGM, totaling 31 individuals (67.4%). The Chi-Square test showed p-values of 0.019 and 0.012, indicating a statistically significant relationship between mothers' perceptions and attitudes and the practice of FGM. It is recommended to provide counseling and health education about female circumcision, with regular evaluations to ensure the information is well understood. These efforts can be carried out through activities at Puskesmas or other healthcare service points, including continuous home visit programs.

Keselamatan pasien suatu hal yang sangat erat keterkaitannya dengan pengenalan jenis dan pencegahan kejadian insiden keselamatan pasien. Insiden keselamatan pasien dapat dicegah atau diminimalkan dengan meningkatkan pengetahuan seluruh petugas, menerapkan budaya keselamatan pada pasien. Tujuan dari literature review ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana analisis manajemen keselamatan pasien di rumah sakit. Literature yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu dengan menetapkan artikel yang sesuai kriteria inklusi. Data base yang digunakan yaitu Google Scholar. Tahun publikasi sumber literature yang diambil yaitu 5 tahun terakhir antara tahun 2017 sampai dengan 2022, Sumber literature menggunakan bahasa Inggris atau Indonesia.  Hasil 5 artikel diperoleh bahwa manajemen keselamatan pasien yang dilakukan di rumah sakit yaitu dengan sistem pelaporan pasien, budaya keselamatan pasien, penerapan standar keselamatan pasien, penerapan komunikasi efektif dan mengurangi risiko infeksi. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa manajemen keselamatan pasien menjadi sebuah hal yang sangat penting dalam memberikan pelayanan kesehatan. Manajamen keselamatan pasien juga sebagai komponen indikator untuk meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan serta mutu pelayanan rumah sakit. Sehingga perlu baik pihak tenaga kesehatan maupun instansi rumah sakit memperhatikan serta memprioritaskan keselamatan pasien.