Indonesia is a constitutional democracy. The authority of the Constitutional Court in examining and deciding cases of disputes over the results of regional head elections has become an old song worked on by the Constitutional Court itself and the Constitutional Court has often withdrawn and canceled its authority in terms of disputes over the results of regional head elections and caused legal uncertainty related to regional head election issues. Then the Constitutional Court ruled that the articles petitioned by the Respondents were contrary to the 1945 Constitution and had no binding legal force. The Constitutional Court is authorized to hear disputes over the results of regional head elections as long as there is no law regulating this matter. Article 1 of Law No. 22/2017 on Regional Head Elections is included in the Election regime, which is carried out directly, publicly, freely, confidentially, honestly and fairly. It is rumored that the 2024 elections will be the cornerstone of the history of simultaneous national elections. This study aims to determine the role of the constitutional court in resolving direct election disputes and to determine the responsibility of special judicial bodies in direct election disputes.

The capital market is an important part of representing the country's economic conditions. In the capital market there are several instruments that are traded, one of which is mutual funds. Mutual funds are quite an attractive option for the community, but there are cases of default that make mutual fund investors suffer losses. This research uses a normative juridical approach method, namely library legal research conducted by examining library materials or secondary data as a basis for research by conducting a search for laws and literature related to the problems studied. Legal protection can be done by using preventive and repressive legal protection in mutual fund investment cases as a form of protection to investors from the government. The losses suffered by investors due to the default of PT TDPM to MMI, indicate that TDPM has a responsibility that can be in the form of paying all obligations and compensation and accepting all sanctions that can be in the form of administrative, civil, to criminal. Preventive legal protection can be seen in the existence of laws and regulations such as the Capital Market Law, P2SK Law, POJK 48/2015, POJK 31/2015, and others. Repressive legal protection is in the form of enforcement of sanctions from administrative even to bankruptcy. Responsibility must be carried out by TDPM, namely paying obligations along with interest according to the debt restructuring agreement until the imposition of sanctions. And it is necessary to see the form of MMI's responsibility as the Investment Manager in this case.

The purpose of this research is to determine the demands of prosecutors at the Bone Bolango district attorney's office regarding defamation on social media and to determine the factors that influence the disparity in prosecutors' demands at the Bone Bolango district attorney's office regarding criminal acts of defamation on social media. The research method used is a type of empirical research, namely a legal research method that functions to see the law in real terms and examine how the law works in society. The results of the research obtained regarding the prosecutor's demands at the Bone Bolango District Prosecutor's Office regarding defamation on social media, there is a disparity in the demands therein, where in the same case the level of material is the same, but the prosecution in both cases is too far apart, this is caused by several factors. These include social reasons, trial facts and statutory regulations. The conclusion that there is a disparity in sentences demanded by public prosecutors was never intended to eliminate the difference in the amount of punishment for criminals, but rather to reduce the range of differences in sentences imposed because this disparity which is too far is contrary to justice and law enforcement and has an impact on the wider community.

This research is motivated by the problems that occurred on maxim's side in 2023, namely the drivers who demanded maxim's policies which were considered detrimental. The existence of this problem attracts researchers to carry out research related to the form of maxim's accountability to the driver in the partnership agreement. The approach in this research uses empirical legal research, which is research that examines factual contact on every particular event that occurs in society in order to achieve the specified goals. The result of this study is the form of legal protection given by Maxim to the drivers, namely legal protection in the form of accident insurance by Yayasan Driver Sehat Sejahtera Indonesia (YPSSI) which is borne directly by Maxim and the accountability given by maxim, namely in the form of providing good services in the functional process of the application and carrying out the obligations stated in the agreement text between Maxim and the Driver.

The waste problem is a problem that has never been resolved until now, especially in the Jakarta area. Every year this problem is unstoppable, giving rise to new problems from health problems, environmental problems, social problems and other problems. Of course, this problem needs the right solution so that waste management and processing according to the mandate of Law 18 of 2008 can run well. One solution offered by the Jakarta regional government is to relocate the waste processing site in Bantargebang to a new place which will later be built into a waste island. This type of research uses normative legal research, which is research carried out by examining the laws and regulations that apply or are applied to a particular legal problem. Normative research is often referred to as doctrinal research, namely research whose object of study is legal and regulatory documents and library materials. In normative research, law is seen as synonymous with written norms, which are created and promulgated by authorized institutions or officials and reviews law as a normative system that is autonomous, independent, closed and detached from real community life. From the solutions offered by the Jakarta regional government that can create "two blades", the first thing that can be seen is that the formation of a waste island is a solution step for handling waste that is currently occurring and also raises the question of how to move existing waste to the waste island. Therefore, appropriate regulations are needed if this plan is later realized. This research method is normative legal research, which is research carried out by examining the laws and regulations that apply or are applied to a particular legal problem.

This thesis discusses the authority of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) as external supervisors in the management of the Village Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBDes) in Mlirip Village, Jetis District, Mojokerto Regency. The purpose of this study is to analyze the extent of the role of NGOs in supervising the management of village budgets, as well as to evaluate the effectiveness and obstacles faced by NGOs in carrying out their supervisory functions. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method, involving interviews, observations, and document analysis related to village budget management in Mlirip Village. The results of the study indicate that NGOs have the authority to supervise the planning, implementation, and accountability of the APBDes through various supervisory mechanisms, such as social audits, counseling, and advocacy. However, in practice, NGOs face various obstacles, including lack of community participation, limited resources, and bureaucratic obstacles. Nevertheless, the role of NGOs as external supervisors remains important to encourage transparency and accountability in village budget management, as well as to ensure that the village budget is used in accordance with the needs and objectives that have been set. This study is expected to contribute to the development of more effective village budget supervision mechanisms in the future.
 
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This article explains the challenges faced by Indonesia in providing foreign aid to the Pacific region. The background of the research shows that Indonesia has a strong commitment to contribute to sustainable development in Pacific countries, but the implementation of aid programmes still faces various obstacles, such as a lack of inter-agency coordination and a non-integrated approach. The purpose of this research is to analyse the effectiveness of Indonesia's foreign aid policy using the Political Bureaucracy Model. The method used is a descriptive qualitative approach, which involves literature review and in-depth interviews with relevant stakeholders. The results found that the main challenges include clarity of objectives, lack of strategic approach, and limited funding. It can be concluded that there is a need to develop a long-term strategy and improve inter-agency coordination to optimise the implementation of foreign aid programs, so that Indonesia can be more effective in achieving national goals and supporting Pacific countries.
 

The rapid growth of e-commerce has increased the urgency of personal data protection, especially in cases of corporate bankruptcy. Legal uncertainty regarding the status of personal data in bankruptcy assets poses privacy risks. This study examines regulatory gaps in the Bankruptcy and PKPU Law (UU KPKPU) and the Personal Data Protection Law (UU PDP) concerning consumer personal data protection in bankrupt e-commerce companies. This research employs a normative juridical method by analyzing applicable legal norms. This approach reviews legislation, jurisprudence, and other legal documents to understand and evaluate the legal application of personal data protection in e-commerce bankruptcy. The study finds that personal data protection remains a legal obligation for bankrupt e-commerce companies under the UU PDP. However, legal gaps in the UU PDP and UU KPKPU regarding bankruptcy require regulatory harmonization to safeguard consumer privacy rights.

Cybercrime is a criminal act using computer technology which will increase in 2022 based on data from the National Police Bareskim, namely around 8,831 cases. The crime of fraud online or via electronic media, namely fraud at online social gatherings. Fraud is generally regulated in Article 378 Book II Chapter XXV of KUHP which has changed with the enactment of Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (or known as the KUHP Nasional) in Article 492 Chapter XXVII concerning Criminal Acts of Fraud and specifically in Article 28 paragraph (1) of concerning Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2024 tentang Perubahan Kedua Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 Tentang Informasi Dan Transaksi Elektronik regarding electronic transaction fraud. This research uses normative legal research methods with a statutory approach and case studies on online social gathering fraud cases. The research results show that criminal liability in cases of online social gathering fraud according to the Information and Electronic Transactions Law must fulfill the elements of the article: setiap orang; dengan sengaja; mentransmisikan Informasi Elektronik dan/ atau Dokumen Elektronik; berisi pemberitahuan bohong atau informasi menyesatkan; yang mengakibatkan kerugian materiel bagi konsumen dalam Transaksi Elektronik. The aim of criminal law is to make the defendant realize his mistake and prevent him from repeating the crime he committed.

The easy generation as the successor to the future generation of the nation has an important and urgent role on its shoulders. One of the roles that must be shared by the nation's generation, especially millennials, is how they are able and have a character that is in accordance with the noble values ??of Pancasila, especially in law enforcement and anti-corruption behavior. It is important to know that corruption is a problem in Indonesia that has not yet been resolved and there tends to be an increase in cases from the previous year. This indicates that the regeneration of the Indonesian nation is on the verge of failure in forming the character of an anti-corruption generation of the nation. By actively and massively applying and implementing Pancasila values, it is hoped that this anti-corruption attitude will be able to grow. In this article, the normative research type is used to analyze the above issues which are the focus of the research. The results of the research show that the existence of Pancasila as a way of life for the younger generation of the Indonesian nation is not working effectively, so concrete efforts are needed to instill these values, one of which is education and the formation of the Pancasila character, both through formal/educational and non-formal institutions.