Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a disease caused by impaired insulin function, impaired insulin secretion, or both, resulting in a hyperglycemic condition. Patients with type 2 DM generally exhibit characteristics such as a Random Blood Glucose level exceeding 200 mg/dL and an HbA1c  level exceeding 6.5%. The accuracy of medication administration to patients must also consider the rationality of antidiabetic therapy in order to influence the success rate of optimal therapy. This study aims to evaluate the rationality of patient appropriateness and indication appropriateness in outpatients with type 2 DM at Tabanan Regional Public Hospital (RSUD Tabanan). This study employed a semi-quantitative observational research design with a retrospective approach by reviewing patient medical records from the initiation of therapy. Sampling was conducted using purposive sampling, whereby samples had to meet predetermined inclusion criteria. The results indicated that the age group with the highest prevalence of DM patients at RSUD Tabanan was over 56 years old (74%), with a predominance of females (63%). The most common comorbidity among DM patients was hypertension alone (24.5%). Based on the findings, the percentage of patient appropriateness rationality among DM outpatients at RSUD Tabanan was 97.5%, while the percentage of indication appropriateness rationality in type 2 DM outpatients at RSUD Tabanan was 98.5%.
 

This study evaluates the effectiveness of culturally adapted Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) in the treatment of war trauma in the Middle East through an analysis of 47 studies involving a total of 4,628 participants from 2000 to 2024. The findings indicate that culturally informed CBT interventions have produced a significant therapeutic effect (g = 0.82, 95% CI [0.71, 0.93], p < .001) with a moderate level of heterogeneity (I² = 68%). Furthermore, culturally adapted CBT has been shown to reduce symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) by 43.2% (d = 1.24, p < .001), anxiety by 38.7% (d = 0.96, p < .001), and depression by 35.9% (d = 0.88, p < .001). Additionally, moderator analysis revealed that the effectiveness of CBT significantly increases when the therapy integrates traditional healing practices (β = 0.34, p < .01) and involves family members in the intervention process (β = 0.29, p < .01). These findings expand upon previous research by Almoshmosh et al. (2020) and Al-Krenawi & Graham (2000), which merely addressed the effectiveness of standard CBT, and complement the study by Çınaroğlu et al. (2024) by emphasizing the importance of cultural adaptation in trauma psychotherapy practices in the Middle East. Furthermore, the main novelty of this research lies in identifying specific cultural components that enhance the effectiveness of CBT in the Middle East, including the integration of religious values (β = 0.31, p < .01) and the use of local cultural narratives in therapeutic approaches (β = 0.27, p < .01). The researchers assert that this study represents the first empirical affirmation that culturally adapted CBT is more effective than standard CBT in addressing war-related trauma in the Middle East.

Background : Menstrual pain is caused by an increase in prostaglandin production triggered by a decrease in estrogen and progesterone hormone levels. Among the non-pharmacological approaches that can be used to reduce pain during menstruation is yoga therapy. Objective: The purpose of this literature review is to examine the relationship between yoga exercises and dysmenorrhea in reducing pain intensity among adolescents. The research method used in this literature review study is to obtain from the search for scientific research articles using the google scholar data base. As many as 279 articles were obtained and then identification and screening were carried out, so that 5 random articles were obtained that fit the criteria. The population in all five studies consisted of adolescent girls. Results: The findings from the five studies show that there is a relationship between yoga exercises and dysmenorrhea in reducing pain intensity among adolescents. Conclusion: It is recommended that adolescent girls, especially those who frequently experience dysmenorrhea, practice yoga exercises regularly to minimize the pain level during menstruation.

This research aims to determine the influence of Brand Awareness and Perceived Quality on Patient Loyalty at the Prima Vision Special Eye Hospital, Medan. The population in this study were patients at the Prima Vision Medan Special Eye Hospital. The sample in this study was 93 patients at the Prima Vision Special Eye Hospital in Medan using the Slovin formula and the Simple Random Sampling method. The data analysis method used is descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. The research results show that simultaneously, Brand Awareness and Perceived Quality have a significant effect on Patient Loyalty at the Prima Vision Special Eye Hospital, Medan. Partially, Brand Awareness has a positive and significant effect on Patient Loyalty at Prima Vision Medan Special Eye Hospital, Perceived Quality has a positive and significant effect on Patient Loyalty at Prima Vision Medan Special Eye Hospital. From the results of the determinant coefficient analysis, it was obtained that R Adjusted Square (R^2) was 0.592, this means that 59.2 percent of the Patient Loyalty variable can be explained by the Brand Awareness and Perceived Quality variables while the rest can be explained by other variables not examined in this research.

Insomnia is a common sleep disorder. Insomnia can be managed with the use of sedative-hypnotic drugs, however, long-term use and specific dosages can lead to dangerous side effects. Therefore, alternative treatments utilizing natural substances such as Mimosa pudica and Caesalpinia sappan are needed. This study utilized 25 randomly divided mice into 5 groups. Diazepam was used as the positive control (+), aquadest and agar as the negative control (-), the group Extract MP (Mimosa pudica), Extract CS (Caesalpinia sappan), and the combination of Extract MP+CS (24mg/kgBW). Administration of the suspension was done orally via gastric lavage. The conclusion drawn from this study is that ethanol extracts of Mimosa pudica (MP), Caesalpinia sappan (CS), and their combination (MP+CS) at a dosage of 24 mg/kgBW exhibit sedative effects. Their effects and combination are comparable to standard synthetic drugs.

Hysterectomy has become a separate concern for patient, many women describe their post-hysterectomy sexual life as influenced by relationship problems for quality oflife and sexual relationship with her partner. It is undeniable that women's sexual function is an important component of quality of life and activities of daily living. This study aims to determine the relationship between sexual function and quality of life in post-hysterectomy women. This type of research is a quantitative research within 46 sample. The sampling technique in this study was by Consecutive Sampling, at April 28 – June 2 2023. The results of the study state 41-50 years old majority (52,1%), work (89,1%) and higher education (71,1%). Based on the results of the spearman rank test obtained a p-value of 0.147or  > 0.05,  meaning that there was no relationship between sexual function and quality of life in post-hysterectomy patients. Suggest:For next researcher recommended to analysis the age specially is Pnemenopouse.

Water is an important factor in fulfilling the vital needs of living creatures, including drinking water or other household needs. The water used must be free from germs and not contain toxic materials. The results of research by researchers found that 95 people in the Sitio-tio village had cases of 14 people experiencing serious health complaints. Objectives; to determine the relationship between river water quality and health complaints in Sitio-tio village, Siantar Sitalasari sub-district, Pematang Siantar city. This research is an analytical survey with a design using a cross sectional approach, proportional random sampling method. The population of this study was all heads of families in Sitio-tio village, Siantar Sitalasari subdistrict, a population of 95 heads of families with 6 river water samples. Data analysis used bivariate analysis with the chi-square statistical test. The results of the bivariate analysis show that the p value for the variable river water quality and health complaints (p = 0.016) is <0.05, there is a relationship between river water quality and health complaints. The conclusion of this research is that there is a relationship between river water quality and health complaints in Sitio-Tio village, Siantar Sitalasari sub-district, Pematang Siantar city. Recommended to the Sitio-tio village community to maintain the cleanliness of the Sitio-tio river water, reduce careless use of river water and not throw rubbish in the Sitio-tio river flow which pollutes the river so that there is less risk of the Sitio-tio community getting diseases caused by dirty river water.

Students are learners as well as part of society who are vulnerable to mental health disorders. This is due to the challenging academic journey, from the beginning of their studies to the final semester, in order to develop their ability to fulfill intellectual responsibilities. There are several simple methods that can be practiced independently to reduce anxiety symptoms, such as deep breathing techniques, avoiding alcohol consumption, sharing feelings with close ones, and strengthening spiritual connection with Allah SWT through performing Tahajud prayer. This study aims to analyze the relationship between Tahajud prayer and the level of anxiety among students at Sultan Agung Islamic University Semarang. The study employs a correlational design with a cross-sectional approach. Data were collected through questionnaires completed by 75 students using a total sampling technique. The results indicate that the majority of respondents, 65 students (86.7%), engage in Tahajud prayer regularly. However, most respondents, 50 students (66.7%), still experience high levels of anxiety. Statistical tests revealed a p-value of 0.000 (<0.05), demonstrating a significant relationship between Tahajud prayer and anxiety levels. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that there is a correlation between Tahajud prayer and students' anxiety levels. This study is expected to serve as a reference for future research and encourage students to utilize Tahajud prayer as a form of spiritual therapy in managing anxiety.

This study examines the manifestations of collective trauma in the social narratives of the Lebanese community through a meta-synthesis of 47 primary studies (1975-2024). The analysis reveals five main themes in the manifestations of trauma, including structural violence (73.4%), disintegration of collective identity (68.2%), transformation of intergenerational narratives (62.8%), communal resilience (57.9%), and reconstruction of collective memory (52.3%). Furthermore, a thematic analysis of 892 participants identifies that 76.5% of respondents exhibit symptoms of transgenerational Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), with 64.3% reporting chronic anxiety related to sectarian conflict. Additionally, these findings confirm a significant correlation (r = 0.78, p < 0.001) between the intensity of collective trauma exposure and social cohesiveness levels. Thus, these results expand upon the research of Sim et al. (2018) regarding transgenerational trauma and Kimhi et al. (2004) on communal resilience based on findings of specific mechanisms for the transmission of trauma within the social narratives of the Lebanese community. Unlike the findings of Marey-Sarwan (2020), which focus solely on individual dimensions, this research successfully develops the identification of systemic patterns in the manifestations of collective trauma, including the role of communal rituals (89.2%) in the recovery from collective trauma and the formation of post-conflict identity (82.7%). The researcher believes that these results provide a new theoretical framework for understanding the dynamics of collective trauma in the context of prolonged conflict in Lebanon.

Stunting is a condition of short or very short body which is a problem in Indonesia, a description of the status of chronic malnutrition during growth and development since the beginning of life. One indicator to see the quality of nutrition in adolescents is by measuring body height and then presenting it according to the World Health Organization with a height-for-age (TB/U) z-score value of less than -2 standard deviation (SD) based on growth standards. To identify the influence of health education about stunting on adolescent knowledge in Teluti Baru Village, Tehoru District. Using a pre-experimental design and a sample size of 66 students using instruments in the form of questionnaires and leaflets. The analysis used is the Wilcoxon T-test. It was found that there was an influence of education on the level of knowledge of teenagers regarding stunting in Teluti Baru Village, Kec. Tehoru (p-value = 0.000). There is the influence of health education before and after being given stunting education treatment for adolescents in the village of Teluti Baru, sub-district. Tehoru