General elections or what can be called people’s democratic parties are one of the main parameters for measuring the success of implementing democracy in a country. This research discusses the relationship between society and the state in voting, characterized by Indonesia being a country that adheres to a democratic system, where state power is in the hands of the people, as regulated in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. The aim is to know and understand how to implement it. Public policy in voting in Indonesia. Method was carried out using a literature approach. The results of the research are to understand the public policy system in voting in Indonesia and how the government behaves in dealing with problems wisely during elections, and democracy can run well in accordance with its principles and objectives. The results of this research show that whenever there are problems when voting, the right policies will be able to minimize the problems that occur. The policies that need to be implemented are in accordance with government regulations and the principles of democracy itself.

The focus of the article is to describe the use of a HOTS-based learning model that can improve the problem solving abilities of students in elementary schools as well as strategies that can be used in implementing HOTS learning in the classroom. This research uses a literature study method by examining several sources from journals and books related to the use of the HOTS-based learning model in improving the Problem Solving abilities of students in elementary schools. This research uses the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method or literature review by systematically identifying journals. The steps in the SLR method are 1) Develop Research Questions, 2) Selection Criteria, 3) Developing The Search Strategy, 4) The Study Selection Process, 5) Appraising the Quality of Studies.

This study reviews the obligations and rights of citizens in the context of democracy which is based on popular sovereignty and the principle of deliberation to reach consensus. Democracy based on popular sovereignty places citizens as the highest authority in the state. Citizenship obligations include active participation in the political process, respect for the law, and positive contributions to the development of society. Meanwhile, citizens' rights include the right to freedom of opinion, the right to vote and be elected in general elections, as well as the right to receive fair and proportional legal protection. The importance of deliberation to reach consensus is also emphasized as a method for resolving differences of opinion in democratic life. This study highlights the active role of citizens in maintaining and developing an inclusive and just democracy.
 

Teacher competency is a set of mastery of abilities that must exist in teachers in order to realize their performance appropriately and effectively. Discipline is obedience to existing rules, and discipline means obeying rules, and discipline includes all matters related to discipline. The aim of this research is to describe teacher competency in developing students' disciplined behavior at SMKN 8 Samarinda school and to describe the implementation of developing students' disciplined personality at SMKN 8 Samarinda school. Types of qualitative phenomenological research. The research was conducted at SMK Negeri 8 Samarinda in December 2023-January 2024. The research subjects were one principal, two PPKN teachers and five students using observation, interview and documentation techniques. Data analysis techniques are data collection, data reduction, data presentation and data collection. The results of the research show that Teacher Competency in Developing Students' Disciplinary Behavior Personality at SMKN 8 Samarinda School, teachers have teacher competency which includes educating, guiding, teaching, training and evaluating in developing students' disciplined personality at State Vocational School 8 Samarinda. And in its implementation, PPKN teachers use several methods, including habituation, example, creating a conducive atmosphere, regulations, punishments and rewards in developing the disciplined personality of students at SMK Negeri 8 Samarinda.

Pancasila, as the basis of the Indonesian state, not only acts as a constitution but also as an ethical system that underlies national and state life. In the midst of the challenges of globalization and modernization, the values ??of Pancasila are experiencing significant tests. This article explores the concept and urgency of Pancasila as an ethical system, highlighting the reasons for the need for Pancasila as a moral guide in everyday life. Through historical, sociological and political approaches, this article analyzes the dynamics and challenges faced by Pancasila as an ethical system. A deep understanding of the essence of Pancasila as a source of values ??and the urgency of its existence in shaping national character is the main focus of the discussion.

The digitalization of learning media in the world of education is increasingly visible. The aim of this research is to analyze the strengthening of Citizenship Education learning through learning media. This research uses a qualitative research method with a literature study approach. Citizenship education is an important thing to study in order to understand how citizens carry out their roles, rights and responsibilities for the country. There are various studies that have proven the effectiveness of several learning media for PPKn, including Powtoon, Anchor Podcast, Android Applications, and Roleplay.

The aim of this research is to find out: (1) The efforts of the Civic’s teacher in developing students’ moral quality in SDK LAMAWOHONG , Rubitvillage, District, Regency and(2) The challenges encountered by the teacher in developing student’s moral quality. This research was being held on February 29rd until March 29st, 2023. The type of this research is a qualitative research and the data collecting techniques was by using observation, documentation and interview. The result of this research shows that teacher as the moral agent should integrating the moral values by using Moral education, norm, ethics and religion in their learning process, and as the motivator by giving reward and punishment to the students. The challenges of this research were a limited time allocation, peer friends association, student’s disobedience behavior, and globalization impact in culture. The conclusion of this research is the Civics teacher had given good efforts in developing students’ moral quality. It was shown in some great efforts that had been given in their learning process.

Human rights are a fundamental problem in every country, especially in developing countries like Indonesia. As a democratic country, Indonesia must pay attention to this. Human rights must be taught in schools to every student. This research aims to find out whether citizenship education can be used as a tool to prevent human rights violations and how it affects the evaluation of education programs in Indonesia. By using this method, it is hoped that everyone will know their rights and obligations well. Citizenship education can be an important means to achieve this goal, because citizenship education is one of the learning tools that talks about human rights and is studied in all schools. The method used in this research is literature review, the literature review aims to make an analysis and synthesis of existing knowledge related to the topic to be researched. The research results show that the quality of education services is still low due to inadequate support for facilities and teaching staff throughout Indonesia, especially in remote areas. This results in the number of students dropping out of school remaining high, so that many Indonesian students are unable to continue their education to a higher level.

Pancasila, as the state foundation and ideology of the Indonesian nation, not only functions as a guide to national and state life, but also as a philosophical system that underlies the outlook on life, ideals and values ??held by Indonesian society. As a philosophical system, Pancasila contains five interrelated principles and forms an integral framework for thinking. These five precepts reflect universal noble values ??and contain moral principles that can be applied in various aspects of life. This study aims to analyze Pancasila as a philosophical system, explore the deep meaning of each principle, and understand its relevance and application in the context of modern life. Through a philosophical approach, it is hoped that this research can strengthen understanding of Pancasila as a moral and ethical foundation, as well as a guide in developing a just, prosperous and dignified society.
 

Globalization is a modern development that has influenced the emergence of various possibilities to change the world. The impact of globalization has the potential to make the world more open and remove the barriers that make us need each other. This research aims to reveal the dynamics of citizenship identity in the context of globalization. Over time, the term "global citizenship" has become known, where values will be discussed that are in accordance with national identity which are used as benchmarks to face the era of globalization. It is through this that the young generation is able to make the values of national identity a basic direction with positive value in their efforts to face the current flow of globalization in the current digital era.