This study examines the effectiveness of the experimental method in improving the learning outcomes and learning motivation of third-grade elementary school students in science subjects. The research employed a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group design, involving an experimental group taught using the experimental method and a control group taught with conventional methods. Data were collected using tests, questionnaires, and observation sheets. The findings reveal that the experimental method significantly enhances both learning outcomes and motivation compared to conventional methods. Statistical analysis using t-tests showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the experimental and control groups in terms of posttest scores and motivation levels. The experimental method proved effective in promoting active student engagement, deeper conceptual understanding, and intrinsic motivation. This method is recommended as a strategy to improve science learning quality in elementary schools.

This study aims to design and produce Student Worksheets (LKPD) based on the Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD) on class XI human respiratory system material. This type of research is Research and Development (Reasearch & Development) with the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation). The subjects of this study were 2 material expert validator lecturers and 2 learning expert validator lecturers, the assessment of 1 biology teacher, and the responses of class XI MIPA-3 students of SMAN 1 Labuhan Deli T.A. 2022/2023. Data analysis used quantitative and qualitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that the development of STAD-based LKPD obtained validation results by material experts of 96.88% in the "very feasible" category, validation by learning experts of 90.13% in the "very feasible" category, assessment by biology teachers of 93.42 % in the "very feasible" category, the student response was 94.96% in the "very feasible" category, and the results of the effectiveness test obtained an N-gain score of 0.72 which was included in the "high" category and was considered effective in being used in the learning process biology in the material of the human respiratory system.

The low understanding of mathematical concepts experienced by students also has an impact on students' ability to solve problems related to mathematics because the concepts taught by teachers are never found in everyday life. Therefore, a learning approach is needed that encourages students to construct their own mathematical concepts based on experiences that occur in everyday life. The research method used in this research is Systematic Literature Review (SLR). The data collection process includes collecting and analyzing every published article and book that discusses mathematical concepts and the application of Realistic Mathematics Education (RME). The journals used in this research are national and international journals indexed by SINTA and SCOPUS. Research findings show that the RME approach has an important role in improving students' ability to understand mathematical concepts in several materials at every level of education.

The low interest in reading among elementary school (SD) students poses a significant challenge in the context of primary education. This article identifies various factors that contribute to the low interest in reading among students, including lack of access to engaging reading materials, insufficient support from parents, lack of motivation or intrapersonal interest, uninteresting curriculum and teaching methods, influence of electronic media, socio-economic conditions, lack of reading role models, and difficulties in reading. The analysis yields recommendations that encompass improving access to engaging reading materials, encouraging parental support, fostering student motivation and intrapersonal interest, and developing engaging curriculum and teaching methods. Through a holistic and sustainable approach, it is hoped that these recommendations can help address the challenges of low reading interest among elementary school students and enhance the quality of literacy learning at the primary level.

This research aims to evaluate cabbage production planning in North Sumatra using the discrete-time Markov chain method. Cabbage is one of the horticultural agricultural products that plays an important role in North Sumatra's exports. Proper evaluation of production plans is necessary to ensure sustainability and increase productivity and export volume. The Discrete Time Markov Chain method is used to predict changes in cabbage production conditions over time by considering the factors that influence them. Data on cabbage production and harvested area in North Sumatra from 2020 to 2022 were analyzed using one-step and n-step transition opportunity matrices. The results of the analysis show that in 2023, cabbage production and harvested land area are predicted to experience a significant increase compared to the previous year. This research provides a more accurate and efficient planning strategy for cabbage production, which can ultimately improve agricultural management in North Sumatra.
 

This article aims to develop an instructional design in applying the Jigsaw cooperative learning model to the ability to understand mathematical concepts and the self-efficacy of students at SMK N 26 Pembangunan Jakarta. The learning material chosen is lines and series, covering the following sub-topics: Arithmetic series, geometric series, arithmetic series, and geometric series. The steps before forming the instructional design carried out a needs analysis in which classroom observations and teacher and student interviews were carried out. After the needs analysis is obtained, a learning plan is formed that will be created and will be implemented in the next lesson.

This research aims to determine whether the development of teaching materials using the Kvisoft flipbook maker application on linear program material, the sub-material of linear inequalities in two variables, affects learning outcomes. This research method uses research and development, with 25 students as subjects. The research results show that in the effectiveness test, it was found that 21 out of 25 students were declared complete in learning mathematics using teaching modules using Kvisoft flipbook maker on linear program material developed by the author. Meanwhile, Class So's teaching module developed in this research was effective.

The implementation of science learning in schools not only aims to improve students' academic understanding, but also plays an important role in building religious character. Research shows that the integration of religious values in science learning can strengthen students' belief in religious teachings and increase their positive behavior. For example, Islamic values integrated into science materials at the SD/MI level can encourage students to be more convinced of the existence of Allah and follow His provisions, thus forming a strong religious character. In addition, learning approaches that prioritize routine activities such as praying together and reading the Qur'an before lessons have also proven effective in instilling religious character. Furthermore, the application of learning modules that integrate basic concepts of science with Islamic values, such as those conducted at the University of KH Abdurrahman Wahid Pekalongan, shows that students can better understand the material while internalizing religious values in their daily lives. Other studies also emphasize the importance of character education programs integrated in the curriculum, where religious activities at school, such as congregational prayers and holiday celebrations, contribute significantly to the formation of students' religious character. Thus, well-designed science learning can be an effective means to build students' religious character.

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Project-Based Learning (PBL) in improving students' critical thinking skills in mathematics at Grade VII SMP Negeri 5 Setu. The research type used is experimental with a one-group pretest-posttest design. Data were collected through a critical thinking skills test administered at three stages: pre-cycle, cycle 1, and cycle 2. The results show a significant improvement in students' critical thinking skills, with the average test score reaching 57.5% in the pre-cycle, 72.8% in cycle 1, and 85.6% in cycle 2. Based on these results, it can be concluded that Project-Based Learning is effective in improving students' critical thinking skills in mathematics at SMP Negeri 5 Setu.

This research is a development research that aims to develop PBL-based chemistry learning E-Modules on electrolyte and non-electrolyte solution materials that are valid, practical and effective for use in the learning process. The development model used in this study refers to the Hannafin and Peck development model which consists of 3 stages, namely: (1) needs analysis (Needs Assessment), design stage (Design), and development/implementation stage (Develop and Implementation). This learning E-Module has gone through the validation stage by validators/experts and has gone through small-scale trials and field trials so as to produce a learning E-Module that is valid, practical and effective. Based on the results of data analysis, the average validity of the material was 0.91 and the validity of the media was 0.92 and was in the valid category. The practicality of the E-Module is obtained from the assessment of observers by 100% being in the very practical category, teacher responses of 94.64% and being in the very practical category, and student responses of 91% and being in the practical category. The effectiveness of the E-Module was obtained by 86.36% of students who achieved learning completeness scores. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that the development of PBL-based chemistry learning E-Modules on electrolyte and non-electrolyte solution materials developed was valid, practical and effective for use in learning.