PJOK plays an important role in movement activities for students at school. In the learning process, there are learning methods that can be used, one of which is the peer teaching method. PJOK material in junior high school has big ball games, one of which is basketball. This study aims to find out whether the application of peer teaching learning methods can improve basketball shooting free throw learning outcomes. This study used an experimental method with a randomized control group pre-test post-test design. The instruments used in this study are knowledge and skill tests. The study sample used cluster random sampling with class VIII A as the experimental class and VIII E as the control class with a total of 64 students. The results showed that the use ofpeer teachinglearning methods can improve the learning outcomes of shooting free throw basketball grade VIII at SMP.The value of increasinglearning outcomes in the medium category, namely knowledge increased by54.51% and skills by 42.40%.

The study conducted at the National Potential Young Athletes Training Center (SLOMPN) of Unesa provides a crucial perspective on the use of an Android-based match statistics application. The research aims to optimize athletes' potential through the Long Term Athlete Development (LTAD) approach, integrating knowledge of athlete development with the application of technology in training. The survey results from 5 coaches indicate that the application aids in planning training, understanding application features, and assessing athlete development with positively skewed average scores. However, there is room for improvement, especially in terms of comfort during matches and communication with athletes. Meanwhile, 18 athletes showed positive acceptance of the application by rating its ease of use and impact on performance enhancement highly. Nevertheless, there is a need for improvement in injury recovery features and data security. This study underscores the importance of continuous collaboration between application developers and users to enhance the effectiveness of technology in sports training.

Researchers argues that large language models are critical to the advancement of artificial intelligence and will play a vital role in future progress. Despite criticism and occasional bans, these models are persistent and poised to continue. This analysis delves into the potential benefits and challenges of utilising extensive language models in education, considering perspectives from both students and educators. These models' current status and applications are briefly reviewed, emphasising their use in generating educational material, increasing student engagement, and personalising learning experiences. The discussed challenges include the need for educators and students to develop skills and literacies to understand and navigate the technology and its limitations. Employing a strategic and pedagogical approach that stresses critical thinking and fact-checking is a crucial component of effectively integrating these models into educational institutions. AI applications in education often encounter additional challenges, including potential biases, the necessity for ongoing human oversight, and the risks of misuse. However, these challenges may present educational opportunities for students to become familiar with social biases, complexities, and risks associated with AI. The essay presents solutions for effectively addressing these challenges to ensure the responsible and ethical use of large language models in education.

Speech acts in pragmatic science are divided into several types, one of which is representative speech acts. Speech acts that bind the speaker to the truth of what he says are representative speech acts. Speeches that include speech acts can be found in learning videos. Based on this, this study analyzes the representative speech acts contained in the learning video. The data used in the research is in the form of learning videos in the "Summary of Indonesian Language Materials Class 7 K-13" playlist on the Youtube channel "Edukasi Portal". This study aims to provide exposure and describe various representative speech acts contained in the data source. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method. It was found in Chapter 1 ''Description Text'' material, 1 0 data were produced, 1 2 data was found in Chapter 2 ''National Text'', 9 representative speech data were found in Chapter 3 ''Procedural Text'' , and 12 speech data were found. on the material of Chapter 4 ''Text of Observation Results'' and as many as 12 data on the material of Chapter 5 ''People's Poetry''. This research is useful for readers in facilitating understanding of representative speech acts. With the analysis of representative speech acts, it is hoped that readers can fully understand and comprehend representative speech acts. This research is useful for readers in facilitating their understanding of representative speech acts .
 
 

A directive speech act is one of the types of speech acts intended by the speaker so that the speech partner takes action according to what is stated in his speech. The main problems in this study are (1) what are the directive speech acts contained in the learning videos on the Indonesian MKU playlist from the UNNES TV channel? And (2) what is the function of the directive speech act contained in the video. This study aims to determine the types of directive speech acts and their functions in learning videos on the Indonesian MKU playlist from the UNNES TV channel. This type of research includes qualitative descriptive research designed through data analysis research with qualitative methods which aims to describe and provide information about the problem under study by collecting data through documentation techniques. The results showed that there were four types of directive speech acts in the Indonesian MKU learning video, namely (1) direct speech acts with imperative mode, asking, soliciting, compulsion, request or request, asking and commanding; (2) Indirect speech acts with the mode of suggesting, asking, and requesting; (3) The literal speech act contains the same meaning and purpose of the speech; (4) Non-literal speech acts contain speech intentions that are different from the meaning or what is conveyed by the speaker to the speech partner. The directive speech act functions contained in the Indonesian MKU learning video include; (1) pleading, (2) asking, (3) suggesting, (4) ordering, and (5) inviting.

This article explores the influence of parental involvement on students' academic achievement across various cultural contexts. By comparing involvement strategies in different countries, the study examines how cultural factors impact parental roles in children's education. Findings indicate that parental engagement significantly boosts academic performance, although the effectiveness of different engagement strategies varies based on cultural norms, socioeconomic status, and parental education levels.

This study aims to develop e-comic-based learning media to enhance the motivation of Grade XII students at SMA Kolombo in learning adjusting journal entries for service companies. The research employed the ADDIE development model with a control group experimental design. Media evaluations indicated that the e-comic is highly feasible, scoring 4.77 from media experts, 3.88 from material experts, and 5.27 from Accounting teachers. Data collected through observations, interviews, and questionnaires showed a significant motivation improvement in the experimental class, with average scores increasing from 90.62 to 105.69, compared to a less significant increase in the control group. An independent t-test confirmed significant differences between the groups (p < 0.05), demonstrating the e-d effectiveness. This study recommends e-comic media as an engaging, interactive, and efficient innovation to improve students' motivation in learning accounting concept..

In the world of education, learning difficulties are a complex problem that can have a significant impact on student academic achievement. Analysis of causal factors and solutions is important in understanding these dynamics. Factors that cause learning difficulties include health conditions, learning environment, and individual characteristics of students. The impact of learning difficulties can be felt in declining grades, emotional disturbances, and limitations in developing students' potential. However, through the right approach, solutions can be found. Solutions such as learning differentiation, additional support programs, and partnerships with parents are key in helping students overcome learning difficulties and improve their academic performance. These steps provide opportunities for all students to reach their optimal learning potential. This research explores in depth the relationship between learning difficulties and academic achievement, and analyzes the underlying causal factors. Through a better understanding of these issues, educators, education professionals, and parents can work together to create learning environments that are inclusive, supportive, and facilitate students' holistic development. This will have a positive impact in improving student learning outcomes and preparing them for success in the future.
 
 
 

This study explains the using innovative technologies in the process of teaching maritime English. English is always important in Maritime, especially in using innovative technologies such as: robotic technology, Artificial Intelligence (AI), networked sensors, advanced monitoring system, and blockchain technology. In teaching Maritime English, the maritime sector needs English as a language in communication medium to promote understanding between the teachers and students. The Maritime Communication Program helps maritime industry professionals to communicate better in English and across cultures. Through a research approach qualitative descriptive, to get the innovative technologies in teaching Maritime English. By using the theory of Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW). The results in this study are developed business English course for the shipping industry and other maritime sectors, help professionals with different nationalities and cultural backgrounds communicate effectively and with ease. This is imminent for safety reasons, but it also supports companies that employ people from all over the world maintain main quality standards in a very dynamic and competitive environment.

This research is motivated by the use of social media Twitter which attracts its users with informative and popular content. Twitter has succeeded in reaching users from various groups, from officials to the general public. The features in it allow for unlimited communication. This research focuses on analyzing the principles of jokes in tweets from the Twitter account @kaesangp. The principle of joking is a method that is intended to offend feelings by being friendly or in the form of a basis for making conclusions that are true and false; an intentional violation of the maxims of politeness; and disclosure of taboo things in a speech. In accordance with the focus of the research objectives, pragmatic theory is used and is related to the principle of jokes. This research use desciptive qualitative approach. The listening method and note-taking technique were used as data collection methods. As the end of the research objective, results were obtained in the form of utterances in tweets from the Twitter account @kaesangp which contained utterances with the principle of joking. The research results were obtained from the classification and decomposition based on the type of joking speech, including satire, banter and jokes. The benefit of this research is to find out the principles of jokes contained in the tweets of related Twitter accounts.