This applied scientific work is entitled "Design of Automatic Smart Berthing System Based on Arduino". Ships are a comfortable alternative transportation. Currently, ship development is needed so that they can operate properly. During the docking process, ship accidents often occur in ports both nationally and internationally. Therefore, a better development or safety is needed that can be given to ships during the docking process. This tool uses the Arduino Nano microcontroller as the main control and an ultrasonic sensor as a distance counter to prevent accidents. This applied scientific work aims to realize and facilitate work on the ship by abandoning manual methods. Berthing is the location of the ship's mooring or security, the area around the ship where the anchor is thrown, the ship's residence, employing the ship's crew and positioning the ship in the desired place. This scientific paper uses experimental research as its research method. The use of experimental research methods in educational research will be faced with problems concerning research subjects. Experimental research is also research that is carried out intentionally by researchers by providing certain treatments to research subjects in order to create a tool or design that is expected by the researcher.

The mining system applied by PT Bukit Baiduri Energi is an open pit mining system utilizing the open-pit method. The application of the open-pit method creates a depression that has a high potential to become a catchment area for both surface runoff and groundwater. In the mining pit of PT Bukit Baiduri Energi, there is a sump located at an elevation of -86 meters above sea level (mdpl). The planned mining boundary is at an elevation of -110 mdpl. Therefore, this research aims to determine the area of the catchment, runoff discharge values, sump capacity, and pump capacity, so that the volume of incoming water can be known, allowing for the control of the sump to prevent overflow that could disrupt mining activities.. Based on the data obtained and the calculations performed, the catchment area was found to be 103.42 ha. In the calculation of runoff discharge using the rational method, the total runoff discharge entering sump A9 was found to be 4,211.66 m3/day. The capacity of the sump was measured at 125,187.62 m3. In the pump capacity calculation, the pump capacity based on the pumping discharge was found to be 2,926.80 m3/day.

Based on Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources data, regarding the target achievement of mechanical equipment performance in mining companies, PT Bumi Nikel Nusantara has a level of achievement value of equipment performance less than the value set in the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Decree No.1827/2018. A mechanical equipment performance value can be achieved by examining ongoing mining activities on one mining front that includes loading and transportation activities. One of the efforts is to know the productive time, calculate the obstacle time and repair time of the equipment in case of damage. The results of the performance for the Use of Availability (UA) parameter of the EHJ Block Mawar pit loading equipment is 74% (not achieved), 71% Pit Mawar transport equipment, pit 3 loading excavation equipment 75% (achieved), and Pit 3 transport equipment 71% (not achieved). While the results of the study of the achievement of productivity of the loading and unloading equipment show the achievement with a value for loading equipment of 76,71% (not achieved) and transport equipment of 65,63% (not achieved). 

The purpose of this research is to determine strategies for addressing the delays in the arrival and departure times of KM Umsini and KM Dobonsolo owned by PT. Pelni (Persero) at the Port of Makassar based on SWOT analysis recommendations. The data processed includes qualitative data on estimated arrival times compared to the actual arrival times of the vessels, as well as estimated departure times compared to the actual departure times. The results show that the average delay in the arrival of KM Dobonsolo is 1 hour and 18 minutes, while the average delay in departure is 2 hours and 5 minutes. The average delay in the arrival of KM Umsini is 3 hours and 8 minutes, and the average delay in departure is 3 hours and 12 minutes. The strategies implemented to improve the factors affecting the punctuality of the vessels' arrival and departure times include the Embarkation/Debarkation Service Process, the Loading/Unloading Process, the Freshwater Bunkering Process, the Fuel Bunkering Process, and the delays in the IT system facilitated by Inapornet in handling Clearance Documents.

As an integral part of Tanjung Perak Port, Kalimas Terminal holds a strategically important position in supporting Indonesia’s national export and import activities. Its vital role makes it one of the key logistics hubs in the country. During its operations, the generation of hazardous and toxic (B3) waste is unavoidable, requiring swift and proper handling to prevent environmental degradation and protect public health. This study aims to assess the level of compliance in B3 waste management at Kalimas Terminal, Tanjung Perak. The research focuses on evaluating key aspects such as the identification, collection, storage, and transportation of B3 waste, along with the completeness of related documentation, in accordance with applicable environmental regulations. By examining the current waste management practices in place, this study also seeks to formulate strategic recommendations to enhance the effectiveness and sustainability of B3 waste handling in the future.

The port industry plays an important role in Indonesia's economic growth, but its operational activities pose a major risk to occupational safety and health (OHS). The aim is to analyze the management of occupational accident risk hazards at Tanjung Perak Port. And identify potential hazards in loading and unloading activities, use of heavy equipment, and worker safety. This study was conducted qualitatively, which showed that several risks were in the low category with 2 risks, medium with 25 risks, and high with 12 risks, so that these results require immediate control measures. The application of OHS management through the HIRARC method helps to systematically identify, assess, and control hazards. This study suggests increasing compliance with the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), optimizing work procedures, and regular safety training to significantly reduce occupational accidents.

This study aims to design and build a hydraulic system capable of operating hatch opening and closing automatically and manually, with the application of Internet of Things (IoT) technology to monitor and control the system remotely. This system is designed to improve efficiency and ease of hatch operation on ships or other industrial applications, as well as prevent fires in cargo due to several factors such as unintentional negligence of the ship's crew and also weather factors with increasing temperatures. Where the automatic system uses a rain sensor to optimize time and energy, while manual control remains available as a backup option. This design involves the integration of hydraulic actuators, rain drop sensors, microcontrollers, and IoT communication modules that allow users to control and monitor the position of the hatch through a web-based application or mobile device. In compiling this scientific paper, researchers use experimental methods. This study shows the results that testing will be carried out directly by researchers, by testing the performance of the prototype of the automatic and manual hatch opening and closing hydraulic system design tool based on IoT by testing the effectiveness of the control system and sensor performance. In conclusion, this system successfully combines hydraulic and IoT technology to create an efficient, safe, and easy-to-use solution in practical applications.

The 2011 Tohoku tsunami stands as one of the most catastrophic natural disasters in Japan’s history, resulting in massive loss of life, extensive property damage, and severe disruption to infrastructure along the northeastern coast. This study aims to examine the physical characteristics of the Tohoku tsunami and critically evaluate the factors that led to the failure of Japan’s disaster mitigation systems. Utilizing an essay-based synthesis approach, this analysis draws from a range of previous research findings and post-disaster assessments. The tsunami was caused by a 9.0 magnitude megathrust earthquake off the eastern coast of Honshu, generating wave heights that exceeded 10 meters in several locations. The tsunami’s immense energy produced destructive currents that penetrated deep inland, surpassing the protection capabilities of existing coastal defenses.The study identifies several contributing factors to the mitigation system’s shortcomings: the design limitations of seawalls, which were not built to withstand such extreme events; delays and limitations in the early warning system’s ability to reach all at-risk populations in time; and inadequate public preparedness, as the event exceeded historical precedents and training scenarios. These vulnerabilities highlight the need for integrated, adaptive disaster risk management strategies.Drawing lessons from Japan’s experience, this study proposes recommendations for improving tsunami mitigation efforts in Indonesia. Key suggestions include reinforcing and redesigning coastal defense structures, advancing early warning technologies such as seabed sensors and coastal radar systems, and enhancing disaster literacy through public education and scenario-based training. By adopting a science- and technology-driven approach, Indonesia can strengthen its resilience and reduce vulnerability among coastal populations facing future tsunami threats.

Automatic Identification System (AIS) is a communication technology that plays an important role in improving operational safety and efficiency in the shipping industry. AIS allows ships to exchange real-time data on identity, position, speed, and direction, which helps prevent collisions and facilitates maritime traffic management by port authorities. In addition, AIS functions in search and rescue operations by providing accurate information on the location of ships in trouble. In terms of security, AIS allows monitoring of suspicious ships, thus helping in preventing illegal activities in the waters. This study aims to design and develop a prototype AIS receiver based on LoRa, Arduino, and LCD HMI. The LoRa module was chosen because of its ability to transmit data over long distances with low power consumption, which is suitable for the maritime environment. Arduino is used as the main microcontroller to control the system, while the LCD HMI serves as the display interface for the received data. After the hardware and software design was completed, the system was tested through functional testing and performance measurements using a spectrum analyzer to evaluate the strength of the LoRa signal at various distances. The test results show that the AIS receiver is able to receive data well up to 15 meters on land and 13 meters at sea, with a delay of 100 milliseconds. System performance degrades at longer distances due to environmental interference and signal attenuation. These findings provide insight into the effective limits of LoRa communication in maritime applications and can be used as a reference for frequency testing and optimization of LoRa-based long-range communication systems.

Land cover change has a significant impact on the hydrology of watershed areas, including increasing flood risk. This study aims to analyze land cover changes in the Siborgonyi and Acai sub-watersheds between 2013 and 2022 and their impact on flood potential. The methods used include spatial analysis with GIS, flood modeling using HEC-RAS, and Curve Number (CN) calculations to identify changes in soil infiltration capacity. The results show that land cover changes have a substantial effect on the increase in flood risk. The reduction of forest areas and the expansion of built-up land indicate a large-scale conversion of natural vegetation into residential and infrastructure areas. CN values in 2022 increased across most areas, indicating reduced soil infiltration capacity and increased surface runoff. Flood modeling shows that both the extent and depth of inundation significantly increased in 2022, particularly in downstream areas with basin-like topography.