The importance of children's independence, one of the important factors in children's growth and development is independence. This research aims to determine the importance of developing independence in early childhood through familiarization with the school environment. There were 20 children who researchers observed at the Pembina State Kindergarten school in Gorontalo City who aimed at independence. This research method uses a quantitative descriptive method where the method of collecting is data that is under what is happening in the field, namely in the form of observations. The results of this research show that there are children who do not fully meet several indicators of independence. This can be overcome by creating an environment that supports independence, limiting the use of gadgets, and gradually giving responsibilities according to the child's age so that the child gets used to being independent and confident.

The drama “Dag Dig Dug” by Putu Wijaya is an interesting literary work to analyze, especially in terms of its elements. This research was conducted to understand the intrinsic elements in the drama Dag Dig Dug by Putu Wijaya. Intrinsic elements are important elements in a literary work. A work cannot be called a literary work if one of the elements is not present in it. This research aims to understand the important elements in the drama, such as theme, plot, character, setting, dialog, and mandate, so that we can understand the meaning contained in it. The problem to be answered in this study is what elements exist in Putu Wijaya's Dag Dig Dug drama and how these elements are interconnected to form a story. The purpose of this research is to explain these elements. The main data source is the play Dag Dig Dug by Putu Wijaya and several journals and other relevant sources. The method used is qualitative with a literature study approach. The author collects and analyzes various literary theories to identify the elements in the script. The results show that the elements in this drama include theme, character, plot, setting, dialog, and mandate. The theme is about life. There are 8 characters in this drama. The plot uses a loose plot. The setting of the story is in the house of a husband and wife. The dialog of the eight characters helps reveal the story. The mandate is about the importance of applying moral and ethical values, especially the value of honesty in life. Overall, the elements in Putu Wijaya's Dag Dig Dug interact with each other to create a work that is not only entertaining, but also thought-provoking for the audience. This research is expected to provide deeper insight into Putu Wijaya's work and the elements that make up a drama in Indonesian literature.

Student discipline is very important for students, the definition of student discipline is an orderly and regular state possessed by students at school, without any violations that are detrimental either directly or indirectly to the students themselves and to the school as a whole. Disciplinary violations that occur at school are the responsibility of the principal, homeroom teacher, other teachers and also the BK teacher who is the place to help and guide students to solve any problems that exist in the individual. The purpose of the study was to obtain a profile of the discipline of Class XI students of SMA Mathla'ul Anwar Menes in the 2023/2024 Academic Year. This type of research is quantitative using a descriptive observational research design. The population in this study were all class XI students of SMA Mathla'ul Anwar Menes in the 2023/2024 Academic Year totaling 153. The Slovin sample formula, the sample in this study amounted to 60 students. The results of this study found that 21.7% of respondents had a very high level of discipline. As many as 20% of respondents have a high level of self-acceptance and 56.7% of respondents have a moderate level of discipline. From the total score obtained of 6811 and divided by 60 students, the result is 113.5 and the value of 113.5 is included in the interval 108-126 or can be categorized as an average of student discipline included in the high category.

The purpose of this research is to  find the impact of Project Based Learning on the  Critical Thinking Skills of 5-6 Years Old Children. This is a quatitative experimental research (One Group Pretest-post-test). The Population of this research consists of 12 children, and the sample is 12 group B children aged 5-6 years at Tk Pertiwi, Bone Subdistrict, Bone Bolango Regency. The Data analysis technique uses stastistics data processing. The results showed an increase in the average pre-test, obtaining a score of 59.84, and the resuld of the average value of the negative difference is (-21.28091). Meanwhile, the average post-test is 81.62. Therefore, it shows a significant difference between the pretest and posttest scores with a p-value of 0.000, so the hypothesis results are” confirmed,”  where the significant value of 0.000, <alpha value of 0.05. In other words, H0 is rejected and H1 is confirmed. It can be conluded that projct-based learning impacts the criticalthinking ability of 5-6 year old children at Pertiwi Kindergarten, Bone District, Bone Bolango Regency.

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of assistant teachers in the teaching and learning process at TK Negeri Pembina, Kota Tengah, Gorontalo City. The research focuses include: (1) identifying the challenges faced by assistant teachers in the learning process, (2) understanding how the learning process is conducted by assistant teachers, and (3) evaluating the outcomes achieved in the implementation of the learning process by assistant teachers.The study employs a qualitative descriptive approach, with data collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. The results indicate that assistant teachers play an active role in supporting classroom teachers, assisting and guiding children who require special attention. The tasks performed by assistant teachers reveal certain inconsistencies, such as assistant teachers taking on the role of classroom teachers. Despite challenges in managing students, asssistant teachers are able to contribute significantly to achieving learning objectives.

This study aims to describe the moral development of elementary school-aged children through a qualitative approach based on observation. Two fifth-grade students were observed to identify differences in moral characteristics and the influence of social interaction on the formation of moral values. The study also examines the teacher’s role as a facilitator of moral growth, support strategies for students with difficulties, the relationship between moral development and cognitive ability, and the role of parents. Findings reveal that children's moral development is significantly influenced by contextual, relational, and reflective learning approaches. Personalized support from teachers and collaboration with parents positively contribute to students’ moral maturity. The study recommends integrating moral values into the curriculum, training for teachers, and strengthening school–family cooperation.

This research is entitled "The effect of outdoor learning on environmental care attitudes in group B children aged 5-6 years at PAUD Ar-Rahman, Galang Tinggi Village, Banyuasin III District, Banyuasin Regency". The problem in this study is the low attitude of caring for the environment. This study aims to find out whether there is an influence of outdoor learning on environmental care attitudes in group B children aged 5-6 years at Ar-Rahman PAUD, Galang Tinggi Village, Banyuasin III District, Banyuasin Regency. This type of research is Pre-Experimental with One Group Pre Test - Post Test design. The sample in this study amounted to 15 children consisting of 7 boys and 8 girls. The data collection technique in this study uses observation, tests and documentation. The data analysis techniques used in this study are normality test, homogeneity test, and hypothesis test. The results of the hypothesis were obtained after the initial test (pre test) and final test (posttest), then the researcher analyzes the results of the research. The results of data analysis in proving the hypothesis test were obtained tcount = 71.132 while to determine the table with a significance level of 5%, a ttable of 2.145 was obtained. So it can be concluded that > ttable calculation, Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected, which means that there is a significant influence of the use of outdoor learning on environmental care attitudes in group B children at PAUD Ar-Rahman, Galang Tinggi Village, Banyuasin III District, Banyuasin Regency.

Color recognition is one aspect that needs to be developed for young children so that children can easily recognize their surroundings. The role of teachers for young children in kindergarten education is highly expected to help develop the ability to recognize colors according to the characteristics of early childhood, such as by learning through playing, namely ball games to recognize colors. The aim of this research is to describe the results of ball games in introducing colors to children aged 4-5 years at RA As Sunniyah Lumajang. The research used classroom action research with a sample size of 22 children. This PTK is carried out in two learning cycles. Based on the results of the two cycles, it can be seen that the development of color recognition in children aged 4-5 years at RA As Sunniyah Lumajang can improve and develop well through playing ball. The suggestions that researchers can convey are as follows: for teachers when delivering material, it should be delivered in a playful manner so that learning is enjoyable; for schools to improve the quality of education by using creative and interesting learning methods; for future researchers it is hoped that they can find new methods to introduce colors to early childhood

This study aims to improve student learning outcomes in Mathematics, especially simple fractions, through the application of the Problem Based Learning learning model. The background of this study is based on the need for an effective learning approach and encourage active student participation in learning simple fractions. The Problem Based Learning learning model is one of the learning approaches used to improve learning outcomes in Mathematics. This study applies the Problem Based Learning learning model to grade III students at SDN 001 Barong Tongkok in the 2024/2025 academic year. The study method used in this study is Classroom Action Research. Classroom action studies are applied through two cycles. Each cycle consists of four processes that are applied sequentially, namely planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. The class that is the subject of this study is grade I students with a total of 21 people. In the initial conditions, the average student score was 62.25. After implementing the first cycle, where the teacher applied the learning practice, the results obtained were that in cycle I, the average class score increased to 67.25, and in cycle II, the average score increased to 77.75. Through the action study applied through two cycles, a significant increase was obtained. Thus, it can be concluded that the Problem Based Learning learning model is effective in improving Mathematics learning outcomes in simple fractions in class III at SDN 001 Barong Tongkok

The passing ability of class 5 B students at SDN Lidah Wetan II/462 can be improved by learning football passing material using the learning together method in PJOK learning, based on the findings of two cycles of classroom action research. The increase in football passing ability from pre-cycle, cycle I to cycle II shows this. Football passing has an average value of 62.20 in the pre-cycle. The average score increased to 67.62 in the first cycle of student assessment results, and to 77.24 in the second cycle, a quite good change. It can be seen that this increase illustrates that students' soccer passing abilities have experienced quite good changes in each process.