This study aims to analyze the role of citizenship as a legal instrument in the resolution of transnational agrarian disputes, which often involve more than one country and raise complex legal issues. The study focuses on three countries, namely Indonesia, Brazil and South Africa, to understand how citizenship affects land ownership and dispute resolution mechanisms. The research method used is a qualitative approach, with interviews, secondary data analysis, and legal policy evaluation. The results show that citizenship plays an important role in determining land rights and influencing the course of dispute resolution. In this context, alignment of national legal frameworks with international legal standards, as well as increased cooperation between countries, is necessary to create more effective and equitable transnational agrarian dispute resolution. This research provides novelty in identifying the importance of legal harmonization and international collaboration in addressing transnational disputes.

Banking is crucial in efforts to prevent corruption, serving as the frontline in financial management and transactions. This article examines the role of education and training in combating corruption within the banking sector. The study aims to demonstrate that corruption in banking can undermine public trust and economic stability. I employ a literature review and observations of education and training initiatives aimed at corruption prevention in banking. Key issues identified include employees' inadequate understanding of work ethics and anti-corruption policies, along with insufficient systematic training. This research analyzes various education and training programs implemented in banks and assesses their effectiveness in enhancing employee awareness and commitment to anti-corruption practices. I highlight that comprehensive education and continuous employee training are essential for significantly mitigating the risk of corruption in banking by fostering a transparent and ethical organizational culture. It is critical for banking institutions to enhance anti-corruption awareness among their employees. Training programs should engage all employee levels and include regular evaluations to assess their effectiveness. Ultimately, the goal is to create a safer banking environment free from corrupt practices.

Fields of law in Indonesia are a system that is interrelated and affects each other. That there are similarities and differences between each law, including in terms of its enforcement. For example, between the Criminal Procedure Law and the Procedural Law of Military Justice. These two areas of law have some similarities in terms of the stages of trials, but there are differences, one of which is the unfamiliarity of the pre-prosecution stage in the military courts. This study aims to find out the existence of the Commander in resolving cases and to find out the reasons for the unfamiliarity pre-prosecution stage in the Military Court. This research is a normative research with a statutory approach. In addition, this study also uses qualitative analysis techniques. English translation. The existence of the commander in the settlement of cases is part of his authority to punish. The commander in charge of the command unit and his subordinates actively participates in all stages of the examination in the military courts, both as a Superior who has the right to punish in the investigation and as a case-handling officer in the prosecution stage. The existence of the pre-prosecution stage in the Military Court will intersect with the principle of unity of command and the principle of the commander being accountable. These two principles are two important principles in addition to the principle of military interest in the Military Judiciary which is also the basis of the authority and existence of the commander in the military courts.

PTUN was officially regulated through Law Number 5 of 1986. This law establishes the PTUN as a judicial institution that has the authority to resolve administrative disputes between citizens and the government. With the establishment of the PTUN, the public now has a legal forum to sue decisions that are considered detrimental, which is expected to increase public trust in the government and provide protection for individual rights. Over time, the PTUN has undergone various reforms to improve the quality and efficiency of services. Law Number 9 of 2004 is one of the important steps in strengthening the role of the PTUN, with the aim of accelerating the dispute resolution process. This reform aims to create a system that is more responsive to the needs of the community and ensures that every citizen can access justice more easily

, Currently medical tourism or commonly known as health tourism is becoming a trend in the world of tourism. The regulations regarding medical tourism in Indonesia were regulated in the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 76 of 2015 concerning Medical Tourism Services. The purpose of this paper is to examine the opportunities and challenges of medical tourism from an Indonesian legal perspective. The method for achieving this goal was normative legal research method. The results of the analysis showed that opportunities for medical tourism in the perspective of Indonesian law, namely Indonesian health regulations do not affect medical tourism behavior through health needs, external environment: government regulations on health tourism and health tourism agents, the implementation of medical tourism hospitals in Indonesia has not run optimally, PMK Number 76 of 2015 regarding Medical Tourism Services as a legal umbrella providing opportunities for medical tourism, plans to develop medical tourism in Indonesia are contained in Law No. 07 of 2017, and Pp No. 02 of 2015, simplification of medical tourism regulations (Perkonsil) No. 92 of 2021, PMK No. 67 of 2013, the medical tourism policy has been updated to empower medical tourism: KP No. 31 of 1998, Law No. 32 of 2004, PMK of the Republic of Indonesia Number 317/MENKES/PER/III/2010. The challenges of medical tourism from an Indonesian legal perspective: no legal accreditation framework and guidelines for emergency clinics, foreign investors must be aware that Indonesia has a series of regulations and restrictions relating to its health industry, the challenges of medical tourism in Indonesia also arise from reflecting on the perspective of state law neighbors, malpractice law in developing countries is weak, in Indonesia developments in the field of law are still not seen as a medium to change the order of people’s lives, medical tourism has cross-border litigation challenges. The health omnibus law as a national legal policy with the hope of achieving the goal of increasing the public health hierarchy in Indonesia was a challenge as well as the best opportunity in the future.
 

Ministerial Regulation Number 4 of 2017 concerning the Principle of Recognizing Service Users for Notaries was created to reduce even members of the crime of money laundering in Indonesia. This Ministerial Regulation is applied in the position of Notary in order to implement Government Regulation Number 61 of 2021 concerning the reporting party in the Prevention and Eradication of Money Laundering Crimes The increasing number of Money Laundering Crimes involving notary services in an effort to link the origin of assets derived from predicate crimes is the cause of the implementation of the Principle of Recognizing Service Users The type of research in this thesis uses normative legal research with a descriptive writing type The problem approach uses a qualitative approach. Data and Data sources use secondary data consisting of primary, secondary, tertiary legal materials. Data collection methods with literature studies, documentary studies and interviews with several parties, including the Ministry of Law and Human Rights and the Notary itself.

Healthcare services for vulnerable age groups are often neglected due to pragmatic considerations. However, in national development, distributive justice and inclusivity must be promoted to help create a society that supports each other and is capable of achieving shared prosperity. This research focuses on a critical analysis of the efforts to fulfill the right to healthcare services for vulnerable age groups, employing a normative-juridical research model with measurement tools based on the principles of justice, legal certainty, and utility. The findings indicate that there is still a lack of detailed and inclusive provisions for vulnerable age groups, which do not yet meet the principles of justice, legal certainty, and utility.

This study aims to determine the risks that must be considered by banks before providing credit in order to prevent default and to know the implementation of the 5C principles that are applied when granting credit in PT. BANK BPD BALI Cabang Utama Denpasar, Denpasar. The writing of this research uses the type of empirical research, the location where this research takes place is in PT. BANK BPD BALI Cabang Utama Denpasar, Denpasar. In this research, the law approach and the fact approach are used. The results of the study can be explained that there are two risks that must be considered before giving credit, namely the risk of the bank's reputation and the risk of bank losses, besides that there is also the risk of credit problems. And the implementation used by PT. Bank BPD BALI Cabang Utama Denpasar are interviews and verification as the initial foundation, and the implementation of credit principles using the credit principles of 5C, Character, Capacity, Capital, Collateral and Condition.

Traditional medicine is an ingredient or ingredient in the form of plant material, animal material, mineral material, which has been used for generations for treatment. Herbal medicine is a form of traditional medicine. With the fact that there are many efficacious medicinal plants in Indonesia, tens of thousands of types of medicinal plants can be encouraged to be processed into standardized herbal or herbal medicine (phytopharmaca). This country will be able to become the main exporter of herbal medicinal products for health in the world. This will have a very positive impact on economic growth. Not only in the economic sector, but of course it will further enhance cooperative relations between Indonesia and other countries in the economic sector.
 

This study aims to find out what are the forms of modes in the crime of Money Laundering Using Illegal Cryptocurrency Media  as well as Criminal Law policies in an effort to overcome the occurrence of Money Laundering Crimes through  illegal Cryptocurrency  Media. To answer the above problems, this Research Method uses the Normative Law research method which focuses on research on written regulations or legislation or research based on rules or norms that apply in society. The results of the discussion in this study show that, (1)  The mode of operation used by the perpetrators in the crime of money laundering through Cryptocurrency media  is by trading and investment methods along with several other methods. The perpetrators take advantage of the transaction system on cryptocurrencies that are closed or anonymous so that the perpetrators get an opening to launch criminal acts. 2) Even with existing legal regulations, there are still criminal acts, especially TPPU which are carried out through  illegal cryptocurrencies, so it is better for the government to make rules or make legal updates on how to process related to Money Laundering Crimes using cryptocurrencies which include crypto platforms, both legal and illegal.