Human Rights (HAM) are a universal concept that guarantees the freedom and dignity of every individual. From a Western perspective, human rights emerged from a long historical experience marked by oppression, absolutism, and the struggle for individual freedom, thereby emphasizing secular, rational, and individualistic aspects. Meanwhile, in the Islamic perspective, human rights are not only rational and social in nature but also theological, as they originate from divine revelation and are part of human nature (fitrah). Islam views human rights as fundamental rights granted by Allah SWT to all of humanity, which must be respected and protected, with an emphasis on the balance between rights and obligations, as well as between individual freedom and the interests of society. One of the fundamental differences between the two is that human rights in Islam are theocentric, based on the revealed teachings of the Qur'an and Hadith. In contrast, Western-secular human rights are anthropocentric, founded upon philosophical thought as their main foundation.

The democratic journey of the Indonesian nation has always experienced quite brilliant ups and downs and is not in accordance with the norms of good civility. By disobeying various things that always prioritize various principles of democracy and social life for society. The Constitutional Court (MK) as an institution that safeguards the constitution and protects the supremacy of law in Indonesia plays an important role in ensuring the sustainability of democratic principles and the protection of human rights. However, in recent years, the dignity of the Constitutional Court has often been questioned due to various controversies surrounding the integrity, independence and legitimacy of this institution. This article aims to analyze the causes and impacts of the collapse of the MK's dignity on legal governance and democratic stability in Indonesia. Using a normative-empirical approach, this article discusses the challenges faced by the Constitutional Court, including political interference, external pressure, and internal problems related to the code of ethics and professionalism of judges. This study found that the legitimacy crisis experienced by the Constitutional Court not only damaged the credibility of the institution but also threatened the stability of the law and constitutional order in Indonesia.

The principle of due process of law is a fundamental pillar in every modern legal system, including in the context of procedural law for judicial review of laws at the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia. This principle demands a fair, open, and balanced procedure for all parties to the case. However, in practice, the application of this principle often faces various problems, such as limited access to trial information, limited opportunities to submit evidence, and allegations of impartiality by the constitutional panel of judges. This study aims to critically examine the problems of applying the principle of due process of law in procedural law for judicial review of laws at the Constitutional Court. The research method used is normative juridical with a statutory approach and case studies of several Constitutional Court decisions. The results of the study indicate that there is a discrepancy between the normative provisions governing the principle of a fair trial and the factual implementation in court. This condition has the potential to weaken the legitimacy of the Constitutional Court as the guardian of the constitution and the protection of citizens' constitutional rights. Therefore, efforts are needed to reform procedural law at the Constitutional Court to strengthen the application of the principle of due process of law consistently, transparently, and accountably.

The problem of this research is how the implementation of the management control system in TOSERBA MMTC and what strategies are carried out to improve competitiveness in TOSERBA MMTC. The purpose of this study is to determine how the implementation of the management control system in TOSERBA MMTC and to determine what strategies are carried out to improve competitiveness in TOSERBA MMTC. This research method uses a qualitative approach. The data analysis techniques used are data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results of the study TOSERBA MMTC has implemented a structured management control system at three levels: strategic, operational, and financial. Strategic involves quarterly planning based on historical data; operational combines computerized information systems and a collaborative work culture; while finance applies tiered authorization and bottom-up budgeting, which has successfully reduced budget deviations by 22%. To improve competitiveness, MMTC carries a hyperlocal strategy by selling 45% local products, digital transformation such as WhatsApp Business and dynamic discount systems, and marketing through local social media and digital loyalty programs, which have proven effective in increasing sales and customer retention.

This study evaluates the preparation of Accountability Letters (SPJ) for Religious Activity Facilitation Assistance in the Sub-Division of Spiritual Mental Development, Public Welfare Section, Regional Secretariat of Karanganyar Regency before and after the implementation of the voucher system. The voucher system is designed to improve accountability, efficiency, and timeliness in the management of aid funds. The results of the study indicate that the voucher system accelerates the completion of SPJ compared to the cash method, although there are still obstacles such as the workload of employees who hold concurrent positions and the need for complicated supporting documents. It is recommended to optimize the division of tasks and simplify administration to improve the effectiveness of SPJ management.

This study aims to analyze legal protection for female workers who are laid off (PHK) and to find solutions to obstacles in providing legal protection for female workers who are laid off (PHK). The methodology used in this study is normative legal research, while the research approach used is a legislative approach where the relevant laws and decrees are sought and studied, and other decisions related to the legal issues being studied are matched by discussing thoughts and lessons or teachings in the field of law, and matching the formulation of the problem based on cases in the world of work related to the material being discussed. The results of the study indicate that various legal instruments, both national and international, have regulated protection for female workers, especially in situations of layoffs. Law No. 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) which has been ratified by Law No. 7 of 1984 have provided a clear legal basis regarding the prohibition of layoffs against women on the grounds of pregnancy, childbirth, or marriage. In addition, compensation and industrial dispute resolution are also regulated to ensure that the rights of female workers are protected. However, there are still gaps in the implementation of this legal protection, especially related to the lack of knowledge of workers regarding their rights and the uneven implementation of policies in various industrial sectors. Implementation obstacles in regulating the legal protection of female workers, namely work agreements that are not in accordance with regulations, the lack of general sanctions, and workers' ignorance of their rights are obstacles. The state needs to integrate international conventions into national law and ensure that violators receive appropriate sanctions. Many female workers are not yet fully aware of their rights, which hinders effective protection.

This research discusses the legal and economic aspects related to Sales and Purchase Agreements in the context of debt settlement. The main focus is the legal analysis of Sales and Purchase Agreements which is based on Debt-Receivable or Money Lending and Borrowing Agreements, as well as its impact on legal certainty and protection for the parties involved. This research also investigates the provisions of Articles 1457 and 1458 of the Civil Code regarding the validity of sale and purchase transactions, as well as the process of transferring land rights through a Deed of Sale and Purchase carried out by the Land Deed Official. The study results show that PPJB is often used as debt collateral, although this practice is not legally valid because Sales and Purchase Agreements and Debt-Receivable Agreements have different concepts and principles. The use of Sales and Purchase Agreements as debt collateral is considered problematic because it violates Article 1320 of the Civil Code which regulates the conditions for the validity of an agreement. This research emphasizes the importance of understanding the differences between sales and purchase agreements and accounts payable to ensure legal clarity and adequate protection for all parties involved in the agreement.
 
 

Analysis of environmental impacts and environmental law are one unit so that humans, when carrying out development, do not damage the territory or environment where creatures live side by side. The aim of this research is to determine the role of environmental impact analysis and environmental law in environmental management in Indonesia. The method used in this writing, namely the normative juridical method, is research aimed at finding and formulating legal arguments through analysis of the subject matter by conducting research based on literature and analyzing primary legal materials and secondary materials which is carried out by studying statutory regulations and literature. others in the form of books, journals, research results related to problems, namely the Role of Environmental Impact Analysis and Environmental Law in Damaging Environmental Management in Indonesia. Preventive environmental law enforcement aims to prevent environmental damage and/or pollution. Regulations regarding environmental protection and enforcement are contained in Law Number 32 of 2009.

The dynamics of legal politics in resolving conflicts through mediation in Indonesia. The mediation process is an alternative dispute resolution that is increasingly popular in Indonesia, both in the context of civil and socio-political conflicts. This research aims to analyze the role of mediation in resolving conflicts as well as the impact of legal politics involved in this process. Mediation in Indonesia often involves political factors that influence the course of the process, both from the government, judicial institutions and other related parties. In this study, the author examines various cases of successful and failed mediation, and explores how political intervention can strengthen or hinder the effectiveness of mediation. The research results show that although mediation offers a peaceful solution, political dynamics are often an obstacle that needs to be considered in optimizing this route as a means of resolving disputes. This paper is expected to provide a deeper understanding of the challenges and opportunities of mediation in the Indonesian legal system.

This research aims to determine the supporting factors, both internal and external supporting factors, and inhibiting factors, both internal and external inhibiting factors, for mediators in mediating against bed-separated perpetrators at the Class 1A Gorontalo Religious Court. This research is classified as empirical research with a case, context and sociological law approach. Data sources were obtained through interviews and observations which were then analyzed descriptively. The results of this research show that in conducting mediation, both Judge Mediator and non-Judge Mediator still experience several obstacles which have an impact on the success of the mediation process.