Exercise is a body movement carried out by muscles in a planned, structured and repetitive manner, which involves the use of energy to improve fitness.  According to the World Health Organization (WHO), school age children are children aged 7 to 15 years.  Every individual has traits and characteristics or innate characteristics and characteristics obtained from environmental influences.  The research method used in this research is descriptive analysis with a qualitative approach.  This research uses a qualitative approach.  Physical activity is an important aspect in the lives of elementary school age children.  Elementary school age children still have limitations in terms of body endurance and ability to adapt to heavy training loads.  Primary school age children are in a dynamic stage of development, so there is a need for specially designed training programs to increase their motivation and participation in physical activity.  In this way, the benefits of physical activity can be maximized and support optimal growth and development for elementary school students.  This collaborative effort will help create an environment that supports an active and healthy lifestyle from an early age.

This research aims to analyze the discipline of students with special needs (ABK) with a focus on the role of peer influence. The discipline of ABK students is a crucial aspect of inclusive education development, and the role of peers is considered to have a significant impact on their discipline levels. The research method involves a literature review (library research). The results indicate that peer influence can either positively or negatively affect the discipline of ABK students. Peers providing support and understanding can enhance the motivation of ABK students to maintain discipline. On the other hand, peers who are less tolerant or demeaning can hinder the creation of a conducive educational environment. Certain factors such as understanding the special needs of students, teacher training, and family roles have also proven to influence the discipline of ABK students. The importance of integrating inclusive approaches into the school curriculum and the active involvement of peers in supporting ABK students is urgent. In conclusion, this research highlights the importance of understanding and enhancing the role of peers in shaping the discipline of ABK students. By considering factors such as understanding the special needs of students and the role of the family, more effective strategies can be developed to create an inclusive educational environment that supports the discipline of ABK students.

Community Perceptions of Children with Special Physical Needs in Central Rimbo District, Muara Bungo Regency. This research aims to determine the perception of the community in Muara Bungo Regency regarding children with special needs and to determine the support of the community in Rimbo Tengah District, Muara Bungo Regency for children with special physical needs. This research uses a type of qualitative research which is analyzed descriptively. Data collection techniques were obtained using field research through observation, interviews and documentation methods, involving several community leaders. The results of this research show that regarding the perception of the community in Central Rimbo District, Muara Bungo Regency towards children with special needs, no human being is born perfect, because Allah SWT created humans equipped with their respective strengths and weaknesses. Likewise, for people who have physical limitations, children with special needs are stated in the cultural norms and values as well as community support in Central Rimbo District, Muara Bungo Regency for children with special needs. Community sympathy, especially the community in Central Rimbo District, Muara Bungo Regency, always provides support or support for children with special needs. One way of showing this support is social support as the presence of people who personally provide advice, motivate, direct, encourage and show a way out when experiencing problems and when experiencing obstacles in carrying out activities in a directed manner to achieve goals.

By using a problem-based learning (PBL) model supported by flashcard media, classroom action research (CAR) was conducted in two cycles, with observation, reflection, implementation, and planning. The aim was to improve student learning outcomes in the five senses material in grade III. The results showed that, in the first cycle, 44% of students achieved completion, with an average score of 68%; in the second cycle, the percentage of completion increased to 86%, with an average score of 82%. These results indicate that the application of the PBL model with flashcard media can help students understand the five senses material better. As a result, this learning approach can be used as an alternative to improve the quality of learning in elementary schools.

Students often experience boredom during learning activities. This is a common thing to happen, especially because they are bored with the material given. Therefore, teachers need to learn the Ice breaking method. Ice breaking is a strategy used to create a conducive and enjoyable learning environment. The aim of this research is to find out how much influence ice breaking has on students' learning readiness. This research uses a classroom action research method using a quantitative descriptive approach. Data was collected via questionnaire. Based on the research results, there is an influence between ice breaking and readiness to learn, this is because ice breaking can stimulate students to be more ready to receive learning.

The Merdeka Students Exchange (PMM) is one of the programmes of Mardeka Learning Campus Merdeca (MBKM) that has been created by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology. (Kemendikbudristek). During one semester, student exchange programmes enable Indonesian students to study at leading universities in their homeland, bringing diverse cultural experiences and strengthening academic cooperation as well as student learning experiences. The programme has become one of the important initiatives in enhancing academic and cultural cooperation among students. The research is aimed at the effectiveness of PMM programmes in achieving the objectives of academic and cultural exchange. The research methods used in the analysis are qualitative through in-depth interviews with students participating in the PMM program. Research findings show that PMM has successfully facilitated the exchange of academic knowledge and broadened cultural understanding among students. Challenges such as language constraints and cultural adaptation were also identified as factors affecting the effectiveness of the program. The implications of these findings are discussed to provide recommendations for better recommendations in the planning and implementation of future PMM programmes.
 
 

This research was motivated by students' difficulties in writing persuasive speech texts, based on observation results. The aim of this research is to determine students' responses to learning to write persuasive speech texts using Canva media for class IX students at MTs Al-Farisy.  The research method used is descriptive qualitative with an instrument in the form of a questionnaire. The research results show that the application of Canva media in learning to write persuasive speech texts that was carried out in this research found an average gain of 82.65% in the "Very Good" category. This means that in this case students responded well to the use of Canva media in their skills in writing persuasive speech texts
 
 

Education is a crucial process in humanizing individuals, serving as a tool for individuals to interact effectively within their communities and society. Designed to develop self-improvement, enhance quality of life, and elevate individual dignity in pursuit of national goals, education plays a pivotal role. Social institutions, through their role in meeting societal needs, support the quality education process. This literature review highlights the importance of synergy between education and social institutions in shaping competent individuals who contribute positively to society. Utilizing a literature review method, data were gathered from various scholarly sources such as books, academic journals, and official documents. The findings underscore that education and social institutions are intertwined in developing character, knowledge, and skills among individuals. With support from families, communities, and the government, education can enlighten the nation and comprehensively develop the potential of learners. Innovative educational programs like e-books and e-learning, initiated by the government, signify positive steps in overcoming challenges and enhancing educational quality in Indonesia.
 
 

Based on data analysis in the initial reflection which still shows the learning outcomes of students who are still lacking, research was carried out by applying the 4C (Creativity, Critical Thinking, Collaboration, And Communication) oriented Problem Based Learning (PBL) model in learning Balinese, especially cecimpedan material. This study aims to determine the ability of students to write cecimpedan and determine student responses in class X PH 5 SMK Negeri 5 Denpasar in the 2023/2024 academic year with the research subjects being 40 students. This research uses theories including: (1) writing, (2) Balinese paribasa, (3) 21st century learning, (4) 4C in learning, (5) Problem Based Learning (PBL) model. Data were collected using test and observation methods, while the data processing method used descriptive statistics. The results of this study showed that before the application of the 4C-oriented Problem Based Learning (PBL) model (Creativity, Critical Thinking, Collaboration, And Communication) the average student score was 62.55. With clasical learning completeness only 22.5%. In cycle I, it increased to 82.65 with clasical learning completeness reaching 87.5%. Student responses to the application of the 4C-oriented Problem Based Learning (PBL) model (Creativity, Critical Thinking, Collaboration, And Communication) also increased from pre-cycle to cycle I. In the pre-cycle, the average student response was 58.77 with a category of less and increased in cycle I to 86.37% with a good category

Responding to the problem of low critical thinking skills at SMK Negeri 4 Surabaya, this research aims to determine the direct influence of learning independence and self-confidence on critical thinking skills, the indirect effect of learning independence and learning self-confidence on critical thinking skills with learning motivation as an intervening variable. This type of research is explanatory research and uses saturated sampling techniques. The population of this research includes all students in classes X and XI concentrating on Office Management skills at SMK Negeri 4 Surabaya with a total sample of 175 students. The questionnaire data collection technique was analyzed using path analysis with the help of SmartPLS software. The results of the research show that independent learning has a direct positive and significant effect on critical thinking skills. Self-confidence also has a direct positive and significant influence on critical thinking abilities.