This study aims to find out the difference in self-acceptance rates between students and 7th grade students at SMP Negeri 1 Yogyakarta during puberty. This study also aims to find out the level of self-acceptance in students and students separately. This study uses a comparative quantitative method with 60 students out of a total of 192 students. Data was collected through a Google Form questionnaire containing 47 items based on aspects of self-acceptance according to Hurlock (2004). The reliability of the instrument was tested using Alpha Cronbach with a coefficient of 0.917. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the level of self-acceptance between students and students. Based on data analysis, 20.7% of students are in the medium category, 65.5% in the low category, and 13.8% in the very low category. For female students, 6.5% were in the very high category, 3.2% in the high category, 61.3% in the medium category, 22.6% in the low category, and 6.5% in the very low category. These results are used as the basis for the preparation of social personal guidance topics in the Guidance and Counseling Study Program, Sanata Dharma University, Yogyakarta.

This study aims to describe the level and influence of motivation that affects students' mathematical number sense ability on integer material viewed from the learning motivation of class VII students of MTS Al-Fattah Singkawang. This research method is descriptive with qualitative research type. The subjects in this study were 30 class VII C students. The objects in this study are mathematical number sense ability and students' learning motivation on integer material. Data collection using student motivation questionnaires and instruments in the form of descriptive tests that are adjusted to the number sense ability indicators and have been tested using content validation, construct validation, reliability, discriminatory power, and level of difficulty. The data analysis techniques used are questionnaire data analysis and test data analysis (scoring, data description, and interviews). The research results obtained are; 1) The level of mathematical number sense ability viewed from high learning motivation is at the medium level of number sense ability, 2) The level of mathematical number sense ability viewed from medium learning motivation is at the medium level of number sense ability, 3) The level of mathematical number sense ability viewed from low learning motivation is at the medium level of number sense ability 4) Factors of student learning motivation that affect number sense ability include; 1) the surrounding environment 2) students are less enthusiastic in learning 3) students' memory decreases 4) students' lack of understanding.

This research aims to describe the moral values found in the movie “Ghostbuster Afterlife ", based on the character’s behaviour and action and why they occurred in movies. The moral of a story in movies is the lesson that the story or movie teaches about how to behave in the world or what action should be used in certain situations. The method used in the research is conducted using a descriptive qualitative method which described the data from the observed people and behaviour. The research data were collected by watching the movie and identifying the data related to the study. There are 11 moral values found in the movie “Ghostbuster Afterlife”. From this research the relevance between the implications of the movie toward our own moral values is honesty. Being honest with other people will help develop our relationships with others, especially with family, friends, and loved ones will help improve life and character.

The Solar Power Plant (PLTS) represents one of the pioneering electricity producers established at Manado State University. The aforementioned solar cell technology is a mechanism that effectively transforms solar energy into electrical energy. Indonesia, being situated on the equator and endowed with ample sun resources, stands to benefit significantly from the adoption of solar energy, thus enhancing its effectiveness. This study employs a quantitative methodology with a descriptive framework to examine the impact of light intensity on the voltage and current of solar panels. Based on the obtained measurements, it can be observed that the intensity of the sun is directly proportional to its brightness, assuming that there is no cloud cover. In ideal bright conditions, the maximum duration for the absorption of solar energy in a single day can extend up to 9 hours. On the contrary, the duration of optimal absorption during overcast or rainy weather conditions is limited to a maximum of five hours during a single day. The calculations were conducted using the average power generated on the initial day, which amounted to 30,299.76 kilowatt-hours per day, and on the subsequent day, which totaled 40,991.22 kilowatt-hours per day. There exists a positive correlation between the intensity of solar radiation and the performance of solar panels, whereby an increase in intensity leads to a corresponding increase in panel performance.

This research aims to analyze learning difficulties in the mathematical reasoning subtest for students taking the Computer-Based Writing Examination (UTBK). The mathematical reasoning subtest is an important part of measuring students' abilities in solving high-level mathematical problems. The research method used was quantitative analysis of UTBK results data as well as in-depth interviews with a number of students.The results of the analysis show that the majority of students have difficulty understanding the mathematical concepts underlying the reasoning subtest. Factors such as a lack of understanding of basic concepts, less effective learning methods, and exam anxiety may be the main causes of these difficulties. Apart from that, these findings also indicate that there is a gap in students' preparation for the types of mathematical reasoning questions tested in UTBK. Developing more interactive and in-depth learning strategies, providing intensive academic guidance, and improving metacognitive skills can be a solution to overcome these learning difficulties. In addition, this research suggests that UTBK administrators and educational institutions pay special attention to understanding basic mathematical concepts at the upper secondary education level in order to increase students' readiness for exams. By understanding the difficulty of learning the mathematical reasoning subtest, it is hoped that it can make a positive contribution in formulating more effective educational policies, as well as providing direction for teachers and educational institutions in improving the quality of mathematics learning at the high school level.

An algorithm is a series of steps to solve a structured problem in a systematic and logical manner. Algorithms help solve problems quickly and accurately. In the modern era dominated by technology and computing, programming has become an inevitable skill in various aspects of life. One's success in solving technical and non-technical problems often depends on a deep understanding of programming algorithms. Algorithms are logical steps used to solve problems, and a solid understanding of algorithms opens the door to exceptional problem-solving abilities. This article will cover the basic concepts of algorithms, effective teaching methods, as well as case studies that demonstrate the real impact of understanding algorithms in improving problem-solving skills. This research aims to investigate the benefits that individuals gain in improving their problem-solving skills through understanding programming algorithms. The writing of this article uses the library research method. The result of this research is that there are many benefits gained from understanding algorithms in solving problems both in software and in the real world.

When people hear the word algorithm, they definitely think it has something to do with programming languages, computer science, mathematics, and lots of numbers. This is true because algorithms are closely related to computer science. An algorithm is a certain series of logical steps to solve a problem. A collection or series of instructions designed to solve a problem is called a program. And writing a program in a programming language is called programming. Programming algorithms are the basic things you need to know and are the first step in the programming process. Algorithms can be presented in two ways, namely written or illustrated, following a method or following the programmer's steps. The purpose of writing this article is to find out basic concepts or initial understanding of programming algorithms. In this article the author uses a method, namely the literature study or library research method. The literature study method used is also accompanied by bibliometrics. The results of this research describe the characteristics, basic structure, functions, notation and examples of programming algorithms.

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the Problem Solving learning model in improving the mathematical critical thinking ability of elementary school students. Through the Systematic Literature Review approach, this study analyzes a number of relevant studies. The results of the study show that the Problem Solving model has significant potential in improving students' critical thinking skills. This model encourages students to be actively involved in the problem-solving process, relate mathematical concepts to real life, and stimulate creativity. However, the implementation of this model requires careful planning, support from various parties, and teacher competency development. Further research is suggested to delve deeper into the factors that affect the successful implementation of the Problem Solving model, as well as develop more specific instruments to measure students' critical thinking skills.

This article discusses the learning difficulties experienced by mathematics education students. Learning difficulties are a common challenge faced by students in the learning process, but for mathematics education students, these learning difficulties can have more complex implications. This article aims to identify factors that can cause learning difficulties for mathematics education students, as well as finding effective solutions to overcome these problems. This research uses qualitative methods by conducting interviews and observations of mathematics education students who experience learning difficulties. The research results show that factors such as a lack of understanding of mathematical concepts, anxiety about mathematics, and lack of motivation in learning are the main causes of learning difficulties for mathematics education students. To overcome these learning difficulties, this research recommends an approach that focuses on developing understanding of mathematical concepts, reducing anxiety about mathematics through a more interactive and creative approach, and providing appropriate motivation in the learning process. Apart from that, forming study groups and providing individual guidance are also considered effective in helping students overcome their learning difficulties. It is hoped that this article can provide a deeper understanding of the learning difficulties of mathematics education students and provide recommendations that can help improve the quality of mathematics learning for mathematics education students.

Students' lack of understanding of a concept is usually called a misconception. This research aims to determine misconceptions about understanding plane material by applying polya theory at PGMI 3 State Islamic University of North Sumatra. The subjects in this research were 4 PGMI 3 UINSU students. The type of research used is qualitative descriptive research. Data collection in this research was carried out using observation and test methods. The results of the research showed that there were student misconceptions in working on plane material problems with the application of polya theory, including: misconceptions about signs and misconceptions about work procedures. This misconception occurs because students are not careful and do not understand the concepts in working on flat shapes using polya theory.