The background of this research, there are various kinds of problems related to the professional competence of certified teachers. By strengthening professional competence, it is hoped that the competence of certified teachers will increase. The purpose of this study was to analyze and describe: 1) Strengthening the competence of certified teachers in SD Region IV Cluster Rajadesa District, Ciamis Regency; 2) Obstacles faced by certified teachers in strengthening their professional competence in SD Region IV Group, Rajadesa District, Ciamis Regency; 3) Efforts made by certified teachers in strengthening their professional competence in SD Region IV Group, Rajadesa District, Ciamis Regency. The research method used is descriptive with a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques were carried out through interviews, observation, and documentation studies. The informants in this study included school principals and certified teachers. The results of the study show that 1) Strengthening the professional competence of certified teachers in SD Region Gugus IV Rajadesa District, Ciamis Regency in terms of the aspect of professional competence is generally in the criteria of being effective so that it can be said to be good. However, there are aspects that need to be improved, namely the use of technology-based media and learning resources, understanding research in learning and participating in implementing student development; 2) There are obstacles faced by certified teachers in strengthening their professional competence in SD Region IV Group, Rajadesa District, Ciamis Regency; 3) There are efforts made by certified teachers in improving their professional competence in SD Region Cluster IV, Rajadesa District, Ciamis Regency.

Leadership of transformasional has a positive relationship with subordinate commitment. Transformational leaders are also able to inspire their subordinates to be committed to the vision and mission of the organization's goals, as well as creating strong emotional bonds between leaders and subordinates. This research is based on the context of Islamic educational institutions which require a transformative leader to be able to keep up with changes in line with the times. Through the library research research method, this research explores the components of transformative leadership in Islamic educational institutions. This research provides insight into the contribution of transformative leadership components in leading an Islamic educational institution that can bring change and give rise to innovation.
 
 
 
 

This research was aimed to find out whether the implementation of Project Based Learning can be effectively increasing students’ writing skills. Quantitative method was used in this research by giving pre-test and post-test in order to know the students’ productivity in writing. There were 25 students as the participants.  They were in the fifth semester in which 13 students became the experimental class and the 12 students became the controlled class. The mean score showed that the pretest was 50 and the score of the posttest was 76,15. The percentage and frequency of the students’ score on the pretest for experimental class showed that 7 or 54% got an average score, 5 or 38% got a poor score, and 1 or 8% got a very poor score. While, after the researcher conducted the project based learning, the posttest showed that 5 or 38% of students got very good scores, 2 or 15% of students got a good score and 6 or 46% students got an average score. There was a significant difference between the pretest and posttest. based on the result, there was a significant difference between the experimental class and the controlled class in their writing achievement. Hence, the implementation of project based learning was effective in increasing students' writing ability in writing news.

One mathematical model in the form of a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations is the predator-prey model. The predator-prey model explains population changes of one prey population and one predator population due to changes in time. The radial basis function network method is used to find a numerical solution to the predator-prey model. The radial basis function network method can directly approximate the function and derivative of the prey-prey model using a basis function. The basis function used is a multiquadric basis function. Numerical solutions using the radial basis function network method obtained from this research show high accuracy and low error. The absolute error obtained from the two simulations with ?t = 0.01 each is 0.0066 in the first simulation and 0.022 in the second simulation. The errors obtained are relatively small because each only represents 0.66% of the initial value of the first type and 0.5% of the initial value of the second type. This shows that the radial basis function network method is efficient in calculating the predator-prey model solution.

This research aims to improve students' disciplinary character through Pancasila material using holistic methods. The holistic method has four important aspects, namely: mental, physical, emotional and spiritual. The results of this research show that the holistic method is very effective in improving students' disciplinary character. Students not only understand the principles of Pancasila cognitively, but can also apply the principles of Pancasila in everyday life. Students show an increase in discipline, responsibility and emotional control. This research shows that the holistic method can be an effective method for improving the disciplinary character of students through Pancasila material in elementary schools, which will make students become people who are balanced, have integrity, and are able to apply Pancasila values in everyday life.

Problem solving ability is one of the problems still faced in mathematics learning. Problem solving abilities function as a learning method to train and support problem solving abilities in mathematics problems. The aim of this research is to describe the level of students’ problem solving abilities based on the polya procedure. Judging from the stages of understanding the problem, planning, implementing planning, and looking back. This type of research is descriptive research with a qualitative approach. Data collection using problem solving ability tests and interviews. The research was conducted on third semester Informatics engineering students at Stella Maris University, Sumba. The result of the research results of the problem solving ability test were included in the quite good category. There are several factors that become obstacles for students, namely (1) the process of solving questions is not coherent and does not match the steps for solving the problem, (2) some students are confused about identifying elements that are known and asked about and, (3) in learning students tend to remain silent when found difficulty in solving the questions given..

Developing scientific literacy in students is the main objective of any reform in science education. Scientific literacy is one of the most significant competencies of the 21st century. One problem with science education in Indonesia is that students fail to give enough attention to the knowledge that has already been taught, which results in a lack of scientific comprehension. By observing how the student responded to the student's collaboration abilities during their chemical studies from the viewpoint of the chemical literacy teacher, the study was trying to figure out how well second-year students understood chemical literacy on the level of a problem. In order to ascertain high school chemical literacy, a descriptive research design and quantitative methodology were employed in the study. The interview guides and chemical literacy questionnaires, which provide data on students' understanding of chemical literacy, are the study's instruments. Students from high schools in cities and villages, both regular and vocational, are the subjects of the study. Studies show that 39% of respondents agreed that high school students had very little understanding of the concept of chemistry. It is further supported by the opinions of a few of the chemical teachers who teach the XI class.

This research aims to determine the effect of using colored text on student learning outcomes in opportunity material and to see students' interest in learning using colored text. This research design uses Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. Test questions and questionnaires were used as research instruments. Test questions are given with the aim of measuring student learning outcomes before being given treatment and after being given treatment. Meanwhile, questionnaires are used to determine students' responses to learning whether using colored text or only black and white text. The data analysis technique used is the t-test with a significance level of ? = 5% or 0.05. With these calculations, the tcount value is 5.593 and the ttable value is 2.008, so tcount > ttable. So it can be concluded that there is an influence of the use of colored text on student learning outcomes in opportunity material. Based on the validity and reliability test on the research instrument, the calculated r value > r table was obtained so that all items in the questionnaire were valid. Meanwhile, in the reliability test, it was found that the data was reliable.

Acid-base topic is considered as a difficult topic by high school students of SMAN 3 Padang Panjang. This is proofed by the result of their mark that showed 80.2% of 101 students do not past the test.  This is an indication that the students hava a learning difficulties. Learning difficulties is the condition where someone has an obstacle in learning about something. This research intend to identify the student’s learning difficulties on acid-base topic and  find out the factors of their learning difficulties. The method of this research is descriptive method. The sample of this research are 32 students of class XI IPA 3 SMAN 3 Padang Panjang. And from the research, researcher find out that the percentage of learning difficulties indication of the sample is 46.8% with the category is high enough. This learning difficulties are influenced by scheduling and implementation of learning factors.

The purpose of this research is to explain the process of development, produce the product, and explain the effectiveness of the learner's work sheet (LKPD) assisted by the application of quizizz in the short story text in the students of the X class of Private Catholic High School 2 Kabanjahe. This type of research is research and development (R&D) with research design ADDIE development model consists of 4 main stages: Analysis, Design, Develop, Implementation, and Evaluation. Data collection techniques are the lifts given to media experts, material experts, and pupils. The test subject is limited to students/I grade XI IPS 1 of 32 people. Data analysis techniques are quantitative descriptive of material experts, media experts and student respondents. The results of the validation of the expert of the material were 93.1, of the media expert was 96.73, and the student response was 91.98. The evaluation of LKPD's eligibility assessment of the application of quizizz on short story material for eleventh grade students by the experts of the materials, the media experts and the students obtained a total ratio of 93.92 who entered the category was very good. The result of this study was LKDP with the help of the quizizz application of short story materials for eleventennial students. Recommendations for further research are expected to develop LKPP by using other applications with broader and better material.