As global attention to sustainability increases, the implementation of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) principles has become increasingly important in the business world. However, the social aspect of ESG is often overlooked compared to environmental and governance aspects. This study aims to identify and analyze the challenges faced by companies in implementing the social aspect of ESG through a literature review of various academic sources. The findings indicate that companies encounter challenges such as limited understanding, resource constraints, organizational cultural barriers, regulatory uncertainty, and stakeholder pressure. This research provides insights into the obstacles and potential strategies that companies can adopt to address them. However, the study is limited by its reliance on literature alone, highlighting the need for future research using primary quantitative or qualitative data to strengthen these findings.

This research aims to identify the effect of educational qualifications on the improvement of performance of village apparatus in Duhiadaa Sub-district, Pohuwato Regency. This research employs a quantitative approach with descriptive research method. This research utilizes primary data collected through questionnaires distributed to village apparatus in Duhiadaa Sub-district, Pohuwato Regency. The sample consists of 50 respondents. The data analysis technique uses a simple linear regression analysis with the assistance of SPSS 21. The findings indicate a positive (8.755 > 2.010) and significant (0.000 < 0.05) effect between educational qualifications and the improvement of performance of village apparatus in Duhiadaa Sub-district, Pohuwato Regency. The coefficient of determination of the regression model is 0.615, which means that 61.5% of the variability in the improvement of the performance of village apparatus can be explained by educational qualifications. In other words, the better the educational qualifications of the village apparatus, the higher the performance they can achieve. This shows that education plays an important role in shaping the village apparatus's abilities, knowledge, and skills in effectively carrying out village government tasks. The remaining 38.5% is affected by other variables not examined in this research.

This study aims to investigate the role of SWOT analysis in the strategic decision-making process at Warcaf, Warcaf is a business operating in the culinary sector. In the context of increasingly tight business competition today, it is very important for a company to have a good strategy in order to remain competitive in the market. SWOT analysis, including the recognition of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, serves as a fairly efficient instrument in designing strategies that are in accordance with the company's internal and external situations. The method applied in this study is a qualitative approach, where information is obtained through in-depth interviews with Warcaf management. This study shows that SWOT analysis not only plays a role in the strategic decision-making process, but also as a basis for long-term planning. It is expected that this study can provide contributions such as information and strategies in the culinary industry.

This study aims to identify the leading economic sectors in East Kalimantan Province and analyze their influence on the development of the National Capital of the Archipelago (IKN) as an economic superhub. Using secondary data from 2019–2023, the analysis applies Location Quotient (LQ), Dynamic LQ (DLQ), Shift-Share, and SWOT methods to evaluate the regional economy. Results show that the mining and quarrying sector remains dominant, while agriculture and processing industries demonstrate stable potential for sustainable growth. The study also highlights the urgency of economic diversification, human capital development, and renewable energy as strategic steps to reduce dependence on extractive sectors. The formation of a collaborative blueprint between regional governments, businesses, and communities with the IKN Authority is proposed to strengthen connectivity and economic integration. This research provides critical insights for policy formulation to support East Kalimantan’s transformation as a central player in national development.

Independent internship activities are one of the educational strategies that aim to bridge theory with the practice of the world of work. This study aims to describe the implementation of independent internships for students at PT Taman Timur Regensi Surabaya and its contribution to improving students' competence and understanding of the property industry. The research method uses a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection techniques in the form of direct observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The results of the study indicate that internship activities support the improvement of students' technical skills, especially in the fields of project administration, management of legal documents, and understanding of housing development flows. In addition, students' soft skills, such as professional communication, teamwork, and time management, have also experienced significant development. In conclusion, independent internships at PT Taman Timur Regensi are an effective medium to prepare students to face the world of work in the property industry in a more prepared and competent manner.

Many regions in Indonesia face structural problems such as economic inequality. Economic inequality remains a significant obstacle to the development process, especially in developing countries such as Indonesia. The objective of this study is to determine the influence of Unemployment Rate, Education Index, and Poverty Rate on Economic Inequality in East Java Province. This study employs a quantitative method using secondary data analysis from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) for the years 2010–2023. The analysis method used is multiple regression with classical assumption tests. The results of the study indicate that the Education Index and Percentage of Poor Population variables have a significant and positive impact on economic inequality, while the unemployment rate has a significant but negative impact on economic inequality in East Java Province. These findings suggest the need for further analysis of other factors influencing economic inequality to achieve equitable welfare for the community. The implications of this study can serve as a reference for the government in formulating inclusive development policies to reduce economic inequality in East Java.

This study aims to analyze the marketing strategies, operational mechanisms, and key challenges faced by the Multipurpose Cooperative (KSU) BONA MANDIRI JAYA. A qualitative research approach was employed, utilizing in-depth interviews, direct observation, and document analysis as data collection methods. The results show that the cooperative adopts a direct marketing strategy targeting underserved and remote areas, combined with a personalized approach in monitoring its clients. Despite its growth, the cooperative encounters several challenges, including limited capital, low member financial literacy, non-performing loans, and the need to adapt to digital transformation. To overcome these obstacles, the cooperative implements credit restructuring policies and intensive field monitoring. The study recommends strengthening institutional capacity and adopting digital systems to enhance the sustainability and efficiency of cooperative operations.

This research aims to examine the impact of renewable energy policies on sustainable economic growth in four emerging countries: China, India, Brazil, and Mexico. The importance of the study comes in light of the global shift towards clean energy, and the efforts of developing countries to achieve a balance between the requirements of economic development and environmental commitments. The study relies on a descriptive analytical approach supported by a comparative method, where the policies adopted in each country are analyzed and compared with the indicators of economic performance and environmental sustainability during the period (2015-2024). The study is based on official data from international institutions such as the World Bank and the International Energy Agency. The results indicate a positive correlation between the intensity of the implementation of renewable energy policies and the achievement of sustainable economic growth, especially in countries that have provided a supportive legislative and institutional environment for investment in this sector. National experiences have also shown varying levels of impact, with China and Brazil recording more stable results thanks to the clarity and continuity of their strategies. The research endorses that renewable energy policies must be integrated with industrial growth, education and technology rules to expand their impact and achieve a more sustainable economic change in emerging countries.

This study aims to analyze the effect of Assistance Services and Transaction Security on User Emotional Experience, with Customer Satisfaction as a mediating variable in the context of using a digital wallet (e-wallet). This study uses a quantitative approach with a causal-comparative method. Data collection was carried out by distributing online questionnaires using Google Form to 150 respondents who are active e-wallet users. The research model consists of four latent variables, each of which is measured by three reflective indicators. The data analysis technique uses the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method with the help of SmartPLS software, and is supported by descriptive analysis using SPSS. Validity and reliability tests are carried out through outer loading tests, Average Variance Extracted (AVE), Cronbach's Alpha, and Composite Reliability. Hypothesis testing is carried out by considering the path coefficient, t-statistic, and p-value values. The results of the study indicate that Assistance Services and Transaction Security have a significant effect on Customer Satisfaction. Assistance Services also have a direct effect on Emotional Experience, while Transaction Security does not have a direct effect on this variable. Customer Satisfaction has a significant effect on Emotional Experience, and is proven to be a significant mediator in the relationship between Assistance Service and Transaction Security on Emotional Experience.

This study attempts to understand how industrial development strategies are closely related to other economic sectors. Like building a house, industrialization is an important foundation country or region's economy, from relying on agriculture to focusing more on industry. Like an ecosystem, each sector needs and influences each other. Emphasizing the importance of cooperation between sectors, such as farmers who provide raw materials for the food industry, or technology companies that create innovations to increase industrial efficiency. In addition, economic diversification, namely developing various types of industries, is also important so that the economy does not rely too much on one sector. Through comparisons between countries, this study good economic Like an orchestra, each sector must play harmoniously to create a beautiful economic melody.