This study aims to describe the effectiveness and efficiency of the management of School Operational Assistance (BOS) funds at SMAN 2 Sidrap. BOS funds are a government program aimed at supporting the financing of school operational needs at the elementary and secondary education levels. This program is expected to improve access and quality of education, but its implementation is still faced with various obstacles such as delays in disbursement of funds, lack of transparency, and a suboptimal reporting system. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach, with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation studies. Informants in this study consisted of the principal, treasurer, teachers, and BOS fund management staff. The results of the study indicate that in general the management of BOS funds at SMAN 2 Sidrap has been running quite effectively and efficiently. Effectiveness is reflected in the use of funds that contribute to improving the quality of educational services, such as the procurement of learning facilities and the implementation of extracurricular programs. Efficiency is seen in the use of funds that refer to the priority scale of school needs. However, obstacles are still found such as delays in disbursement of funds from the central government that impact the smooth implementation of school activities, and financial reporting that has not been fully documented systematically and periodically. This research provides an important overview of the real conditions of BOS fund management in schools and is expected to provide input for related parties in order to improve the education financial governance system to make it more transparent, accountable, and sustainable.

A Research has been conducted on the production of roselle flower fruit leather using stevia as a natural sweetener substitute for sucrose and pectin as a stabilizing agent. This study involved variations in the amount of stevia sweetener (0.2 ml and 0.3 ml) and pectin concentrations (1% and 2% of the ingredient weight). Sensory evaluation of the fruit leather product included parameters such as color, aroma, taste, texture, and overall preference. The sensory test results showed that sample 620 was the best product, with a composition of 0.3 ml stevia sweetener and 2% pectin concentration. This product was characterized by a deep red color, a fresh sour aroma distinctive of roselle, a pliable texture that could be rolled, and a balanced sweet-sour taste that was preferred by the panelists. Nutritional content analysis of the best product, based on laboratory testing, revealed the following per 100g of fruit leather: 105.80 mg of antioxidants, 19.88 mg of vitamin C, 26.55% total sugar, 1.02% ash content, and 21.05% moisture content. Additionally, the selling price of the roselle flower fruit leather product was determined to be IDR 45,000 per 100-gram package.

The purpose of this study is to describe: (1) Customer Relationship Management (CRM) at Andalas University Library; (2) user loyalty at Andalas University Library; (3) the effect of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) on user loyalty at Andalas University Library. This type of research is quantitative with a descriptive method. The population in this study were all visitors to Andalas University Library as of 2023, totaling 140,928 and a sample of 100 people. Sampling using simple random sampling technique. Data analysis was carried out through the stages of examination, tabulation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study indicate that: (1) the implementation of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) at Andalas University Library has been implemented well, this can be seen from the responses given by respondents who stated that the completeness of technology-based services at Andalas University Library is relatively complete and makes it easier for users to get the books or references they need. In addition, the service process involving officers and users can be carried out quickly and accurately, in addition, the Andalas University library has also been supported by officers who are creative, responsive and able to serve the needs of users; (2) the level of loyalty of users who visit the Andalas University library is also relatively high, this can be seen from the existence of repeat purchases that occur repeatedly, in addition, users have a high level of retention, this can be seen from their actions to always want to visit the library almost every day, in addition, users are also concluded to have a high level of referrals, this can be seen from the number of respondents who choose to agree to invite friends to come and read books at the Andalas University Library; (3) according to the results of the hypothesis testing through the t-statistic test, it was found that Customer Relationship Management (CRM) has a positive and significant effect on user loyalty in visiting the Andalas University Library. These findings indicate that the better the implementation of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) felt by users, the more their loyalty will increase. The results obtained at the first hypothesis testing stage are in line with the proposed hypothesis, so the first hypothesis is accepted.

The purpose of this journal's research is to discuss the development and progress of the automobile industry in the face of technological change, especially through the important role of racing events and exhibitions in Anisa Lim's novel The Mechanics. A positive path for racing events, arousing competitive spirit  and promoting improved vehicle performance. We will promote the development of the latest technology. In addition, automobile trade fairs are considered an important platform for the presentation of consumers and industry representatives. A detailed analysis of the role of these events is expected to provide deeper insights into the dynamics of the automotive industry in the current technological era and provide positive prospects for future development directions. Masu. Quantitative methods are used in this study. The analysis process also considered variable determination and measurement. Identify the variables you want to investigate. B. Improving vehicle performance, sales, or adoption of automotive technology. Quantitative methods are about testing hypotheses against existing theory. Therefore, this research tends to be objective and not deep. Through this study, we will provide deep insights into technology, automobiles, evolution, and progress, in order to expand our experience and knowledge about the innovation process of new jobs, especially in the technology field

The aim of this research is to determine the effect of the cooperative integrated reading and composition learning model on learning motivation for Christian Religious Education & Character Education in class XI of HKBP 2 Tarutung Private High School for the 2023/2024 Academic Year.This research uses a Posttest-Only Control type experimental method. The population is all class XI of HKBP 2 Tarutung Private High School for the 2023/2024 academic year, totaling 160 people. The sample was determined using a technique taken deliberately (purposive sampling) with the specified conditions that the learning material being experimented with was in that class, namely class XI IIS-1 students totaling 32 people as the experimental class and XI IIS-3 totaling 32 people as the control class. The research instrument used a 27 item test. The t test used is the Separated Variance t test according to the test analysis requirements, namely n1=n2 and the variance of the two sample groups is homogeneous. The results of hypothesis testing obtained a value of tcount= 13.9 > ttable (?=0.05; dk=n1+n2-2=62) = ttable 1.669, so H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. This research concludes that students' motivation to learn Christian Religion & Character Education taught using the cooperative integrated reading and composition learning model is higher than that taught using the conventional learning model in class XI of HKBP 2 Tarutung Private High School for the 2023/2024 Academic Year.

The purpose of this research is to find out how much influence the question and answer teaching method used by Jesus in John 4:1-28 has on the learning activity of Christian Religious Education for Class VIII Students of SMP Negeri 4 Tarutung TP 2023/2024, with the hypothesis that there is a positive and significant influence from the method. teaching questions and answers by Jesus in John 4:1-28 on the active learning of Christian Religious Education for Class VIII Students of SMP Negeri 4 Tarutung TP 2023/2024. This research is a population study, namely all 99 students. Data was collected using a closed questionnaire with 45 items compiled by the author based on variable indicators according to the conclusions according to experts' theories. The questionnaire trial was carried out on 48 respondents of class VIII students at SMP Negeri 2 Tarutung using a 45-item questionnaire and after being tested, the results of the validity of the questionnaire trial showed that the value of rcount > rtable = 0.159-0.715 > 0.284 (there were 6 question items that had validity less than rtable = 0.284, namely item numbers 21, 25, 27, 34, 37, 44) and the reliability of the questionnaire trial was at a value of 0.939. It has been tested for validity and reliability. However, in research at SMP N 4 Tarutung, invalid questionnaire items were replaced so that the research was carried out using a new questionnaire. The data analysis technique used is making a distribution table of respondents' answers based on alternative answers, making a distribution table of respondents' answers, looking for the correlation coefficient between X and Y by calculating the Product Moment correlation, testing the real level with the t test, knowing the degree of influence of variable test the hypothesis with the t test. This research concludes that there is a positive and significant influence between the question and answer teaching method by Jesus in John 4:1-28 on the learning activity of Christian Religious Education students in class VIII of SMP Negeri 4 Tarutung TP 2023/2024 with the relationship test obtained rcount>rttable, namely 0.281> 0.195, with a significant test of the relationship between Tcount > Ttable, namely 2.875>1.985. This means that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted.

The aim of this research is to determine the effect of applying the demonstration method on the learning outcomes of Christian Religious Education & Character Education in class VIII of SMP Negeri 1 Sipoholon for the 2023/2024 academic year.This research uses a Posttest-Only Control type experimental method. The population is the entire class VIII of SMP Negeri 1 Sipoholon for the 2023/2024 academic year, totaling 160 people. The sample was determined using a technique taken deliberately (purposive sampling) with the specified conditions that the learning material being experimented with was in that class, namely 32 students in class VIII-C as the experimental class and 32 students in VIII-E as the control class. The research instrument used a 27 item test. The t test used is the Separated Variance t test according to the test analysis requirements, namely n1=n2 and the variance of the two sample groups is homogeneous. The results of hypothesis testing obtained a value of tcount= 13.9 > ttable (a=0.05; dk=n1+n2-2=62) = ttable 1.669, so H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. This research concludes that the learning outcomes of students' Christian Religion & Character Education taught using the demonstration method are higher than those taught using the lecture method in class VIII of SMP Negeri 1 Sipoholon for the 2023/2024 Academic Year.
 
Keywords: Demonstration Method, Learning Outcomes

Children’s education and creativity development program is carried out by the schools around the company areas embodies the company commitment related to the world of education in Samarinda. The aim of this research is to upgrade the service providers in improving the quality of services in Pendikresa Program. The sampling method used is Survey method. The data analysis methods used in this survey were descriptive analysis, customer satisfaction index and importance performance analysis. The results of the analysis illustrated that the survey on Community Satisfaction, underdone by Public Service Delivery Unit shows a figure of 71.20. It can be seen that this number fulfills the category of the value range 60% < IKM ? 80% which illustrates that the IKM value is in the "Good" criteria. The IPA analysis shows what included in the priority quadrant of improvement program, these include indicators such as : the openness of information regarding to program of the implementation procedures;  the ease of program procedures; the accuracy of the implementation program schedule; the effectiveness of program implementation; the technical competency of program implementers; the managerial competency of program managers; the discipline and responsibility of program managers; the clarity of complaints handling procedures; and the clarity of complaint handling time; and) the facilitation procurement of supporting facilities or infrastructure program.

The protection of citizens abroad has become an important issue in contemporary international law. Every country has an obligation to protect its citizens, both inside and outside its territory. However, the implementation of this protection often faces various challenges, especially related to state sovereignty and the principle of non-intervention in international law. This article aims to analyze the international legal basis regarding the protection of citizens abroad, as well as the practices carried out by countries in carrying out these protection obligations. The research method used is juridical-normative with a case study approach. The research results show that the protection of citizens abroad is based on the principles of international law, such as state responsibility, human rights and protection obligations. Countries have developed various mechanisms and legal instruments to realize the protection of their citizens, either through diplomacy, consular or other measures. However, its implementation still faces challenges related to the limitations of state sovereignty and the principle of non-intervention. This article concludes that the protection of citizens abroad is an international legal obligation that must be implemented by every country. Efforts are needed to strengthen the international legal framework and cooperation mechanisms between countries to ensure effective protection for their citizens abroad.

This research aims to improve Learning Achievement in Writing Simple Descriptive Texts Through the STAD Cooperative Learning Model for Class IXB Negeri 6 Sukoharjo Students in Semester 1 of the 2022/2023 Academic Year" The research method uses Classroom Action Research which is carried out in two cycles, each cycle consists of two meetings, with four stages of research: planning, implementation, observation and reflection. The subjects of this study are students of Class IXB Negeri 6 Sukoharjo in Semester 1 of the 202/2023 Academic Year with a total of 36 students. The data collection techniques used are observation, interviews, tests, and documentation. The data analysis used in this study is a qualitative descriptive analysis. The result of this study is to improve Learning Achievement in Writing Simple Descriptive Texts Through the STAD Cooperative Learning model. The results of the success in this study are evidenced by the increase in student learning outcomes in the first cycle of students who managed to get KKM scores, an increase from the initial condition of 18 students (50%) to 23 students (64%) or there was an increase of 14% compared to the initial condition. Meanwhile, in the second cycle, it increased to 32 students (88.8%) or there was an increase of 24.8% from before. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the application of the STAD Learning Model can improve the learning outcomes of Writing Simple Descriptive Texts in Class IXB Negeri 6 Sukoharjo students in Semester 1 of the 2022/2023 Academic Year.