The role of experts in the Alternative Dispute Resolution (APS) forum in Indonesia has a strategic position in bridging the technical and legal aspects that are often at the core of the problem in a dispute. The presence of experts serves to provide objective and professional opinions that can strengthen the arguments of the parties, as well as speed up the dispute resolution process efficiently. Juridically, the role of experts has been recognized in Law Number 30 of 1999 concerning Arbitration and Alternative Dispute Resolution, and strengthened by the principle of freedom of contract in Article 1338 of the Civil Code. Although expert opinions are not always binding, their contributions are often used as the basis for important consideration by mediators or arbitrators in decision-making. In addition to being a provider of expert opinions, this role is also able to bridge the gap of understanding between technical and legal aspects that are often difficult to understand by the parties or even by the mediator himself. In practice, expert involvement can provide insight into complex issues, such as in construction, medical, information technology, or environmental cases, that require specialized expertise. Therefore, the presence of experts not only strengthens the legal argument, but also provides crucial scientific validity. However, the challenge faced is the lack of detailed technical arrangements related to qualifications, codes of conduct, and mechanisms for expert involvement in the APS. This can pose a risk of subjectivity and potential conflicts of interest. For this reason, a more comprehensive regulatory development is needed to ensure that the role of experts in APS can be carried out optimally, professionally, and fairly, so as to increase public trust in the dispute resolution mechanism outside the court.

The rapid development of technology has led to a transformation in gambling practices, shifting from physical establishments to online platforms. However, law enforcement in Indonesia continues to struggle with multiple challenges in addressing this issue. This research aims to assess the enforcement of online gambling laws based on Lawrence M. Friedman’s legal system theory. It focuses on how legal structure, legal culture, and legal substance interact in the enforcement process.  The findings demonstrate that, first, in terms of legal substance, existing regulations are not yet fully effective in combating online gambling. Second, from the perspective of legal structure, law enforcement agencies face persistent challenges in combating online gambling. Third, from the perspective of legal culture, public legal awareness remains relatively low.

This study aims to examine the existence of the title "Andi" in the context of social stratification of Bugis society and its relevance in the modern era. The title Andi is a symbol of nobility that has been passed down from generation to generation and has an important role in the traditional social structure of the Bugis. Through a qualitative-descriptive approach, this study explores the symbolic meaning of the title, its influence on social interactions, perceptions of it in contemporary marriage practices, differences in views between generations, and strategies for preserving it amidst the current of modernization. The results of the study show that although traditional values are beginning to shift, the title Andi still has a strong social and cultural meaning for most Bugis people. The older generation tends to maintain the values of honor and status attached to the title, while the younger generation shows a more flexible tendency in interpreting the symbol. This study recommends preservation efforts based on cultural education, integration of local values in education, and strengthening identity through digital media. These findings show that the title Andi is not merely a symbolic identity, but also an important part of cultural heritage that can transform over time without losing its essence.
 
 

This study aims to describe the implementation of kapalo samek embroidery training in Nagari Simpuruik as an effort to promote economic empowerment and preserve local culture. Based on interviews with village officials and women participating in the training, it was found that most participants had already acquired embroidery skills through self-taught methods prior to the training. They were accustomed to working on embroidery either based on custom orders or in cooperation with "fabric bosses" who provided pre-designed cloth and threads. Embroidery has become a productive activity in Jorong Sijangek, mainly practiced by housewives. Although the training was conducted smoothly, the main challenge was gathering participants due to their limited availability. The market potential for kapalo samek embroidery is significant, especially during cultural or ceremonial events, but a major obstacle lies in marketing capabilities, particularly in digital platforms. Therefore, the training also served as a medium to introduce basic marketing strategies for craft products. In addition to enhancing economic capacity, the activity encourages cultural preservation by regenerating embroidery skills among the younger generation. This embroidery training highlights the importance of local initiatives in safeguarding cultural heritage and improving community welfare.
 
 

Corruption remains a serious issue that hinders development and erodes public trust in the government, particularly in countries like Indonesia and Malaysia. Both nations have long histories of dealing with systemic corruption. This study aims to compare the legal systems and anti-corruption law enforcement in Indonesia and Malaysia to identify challenges and areas for improvement. The research uses a descriptive qualitative method with a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach, analyzing legal documents, academic journals, and regulations related to anti-corruption agencies in both countries. This study employs legal system theory and institutional theory. The main problem examined is how anti-corruption law enforcement differs between Indonesia and Malaysia and what the main enforcement challenges are. The findings show that while Indonesia’s Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) was once powerful, recent political interference and regulatory revisions have weakened its impact. Conversely, Malaysia has more comprehensive legal instruments, but its enforcement agencies struggle with independence and political pressure. In conclusion, both countries must strengthen legal supremacy, institutional independence, and public engagement to enhance the effectiveness of anti-corruption efforts.

This study aims to analyze the legal implications of the luxury goods Value Added Tax (VAT) increase policy in Indonesia, which will take effect in January 2025. This policy is based on Law Number 7 of 2021 on the Harmonization of Tax Regulations and its derivative regulations, with the objective of increasing state revenue and reducing the consumption of luxury goods, which is often associated with economic inequality. This research employs a normative method with a literature study approach, analyzing tax regulations, academic journals, and relevant literature. The findings indicate that while this policy may enhance tax revenue and reduce economic disparity, its implementation faces challenges related to legal certainty, tax compliance, and its impact on consumer purchasing power and investment in the luxury goods sector. Additionally, the potential rise in tax disputes due to differing interpretations of luxury goods classification is a major concern. Therefore, clear regulations, a more transparent tax administration mechanism, and economic impact mitigation strategies are necessary to ensure the effectiveness and fairness of this policy implementation.This study aims to analyze the legal implications of the luxury goods Value Added Tax (VAT) increase policy in Indonesia, which will take effect in January 2025. This policy is based on Law Number 7 of 2021 on the Harmonization of Tax Regulations and its derivative regulations, with the objective of increasing state revenue and reducing the consumption of luxury goods, which is often associated with economic inequality. This research employs a normative method with a literature study approach, analyzing tax regulations, academic journals, and relevant literature. The findings indicate that while this policy may enhance tax revenue and reduce economic disparity, its implementation faces challenges related to legal certainty, tax compliance, and its impact on consumer purchasing power and investment in the luxury goods sector. Additionally, the potential rise in tax disputes due to differing interpretations of luxury goods classification is a major concern. Therefore, clear regulations, a more transparent tax administration mechanism, and economic impact mitigation strategies are necessary to ensure the effectiveness and fairness of this policy implementation.

Press criminal law has significant implications in the case of sending a pig's head to the editorial office of Tempo, an event that has drawn attention regarding press freedom and the limits of expression. This research aims to analyze how the provisions of press criminal law can be applied in the context of acts of intimidation against the media as occurred in this case. Employing a normative juridical study method with a case approach, this research will examine potential criminal violations and the relevance of the Press Law in providing protection for press freedom. The main focus of the analysis is to understand the limitations that can be imposed on expression, especially when such actions have the potential to threaten or create fear among journalists. This case is important to evaluate in order to maintain the dignity of the press as a free and independent pillar of democracy. Furthermore, this research is expected to contribute to a deeper understanding of how the legal system responds to actions that can undermine press freedom in Indonesia, as well as provide recommendations for more effective law enforcement in protecting press freedom without neglecting the principles of justice.

The use of social media as a means of the press has various legal implications amidst the rapid development of information technology. Social media makes it easy to disseminate information quickly and widely, but on the other hand, the absence of clear regulations in categorizing it as part of the formal press raises legal problems, especially related to responsibility for content, protection of individual rights, and freedom of expression. This study aims to examine the position of social media in the legal framework of the press in Indonesia, and to analyze its legal consequences for users who act as conveyors of public information. Using the normative juridical method, it was found that social media has not received explicit recognition as a press entity in the Press Law, thus creating legal loopholes in terms of accountability and legal protection. Regulatory updates are needed to ensure legal certainty and maintain a balance between freedom of expression and legal responsibility in the digital era.

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a significant role in the economy, but often face obstacles in accessing financing. Credit performance guarantee is one of the mechanisms to mitigate risks for financial institutions. Along with the development of financial technology, innovative credit scoring emerged as an alternative method of assessing the creditworthiness of MSMEs. This research aims to analyze the legal effectiveness of the application of MSME credit performance guarantees based on innovative credit scoring. This research uses a normative juridical method with qualitative juridical analysis to try to examine and analyze the problems studied. The application of innovative credit scoring in MSME credit performance guarantees has the potential to increase the legal effectiveness of guarantees through a more comprehensive and accurate risk assessment. However, its implementation requires regulatory clarity regarding scoring standards, personal data protection, and dispute resolution mechanisms. An adaptive and responsive legal framework to technological innovation is crucial to optimize the role of innovative credit scoring in strengthening the effectiveness of MSME credit performance guarantees and promoting financial inclusion.
 
 
 

The phenomenon of illegal cigarette circulation can still be found especially in Jember district. The characteristics of illegal cigarettes include the absence of excise stamps on the cigarette packs, attaching cigarette packs with fake excise tape or placing excise tape that is not in accordance with its intended use. The Directorate General of Customs and Excise has the authority to take action and investigate illegal cigarette distributors in accordance with Law Number 39 of 2007 concerning amendments to Law Number 11 of 1995 about excise. The purpose of this researcher is to find out the law enforcement process against illegal cigarette dealers in Jember Regency by the Jember Regenc KPPBC. This research method uses empirical legal research. Primary and secondary data obtained through interviews with staff of the prosecution and investigation section of the Jember Regency KPPBC. The data analysis method is descriptive qualitative. The results of this study are that law enforcement carried out by the Jember Regency KPPBC has not been able to be carried out optimally because in its implementation there are many obstacles such as a very wide illegal cigarette distribution network so that there isa lack of officers. However, these various obstacles can hopefully be overcome with existing efforts.