This research is entitled "Simulation of Cropping Patterns (Agroforestry with Horticulture) to Increase Land Productivity with Permaculture System", which aims to develop an effective simulation method for designing cropping patterns in increasing permaculture land productivity and providing simulation results and their practical application in land design. This research was conducted from March to July 2024, located at Jalan Magelang Km 5.6, Kutu Tegal, Sinduadi, Mlati, Sleman, Special Region of Yogyakarta 55284. The simulation of cropping patterns was carried out using the SketchUp computational model and Andrew Marsh Simulation, and was evaluated based on aspects of the utilization of sunlight and plant growing space. Through this simulation method, the optimal combination of plants in the permaculture system was found. The simulation results were then analyzed and evaluated in the field to assess their success in increasing land productivity. Each cropping pattern shows unique characteristics in utilizing sunlight, growing space, and soil nutrients optimally, thus supporting more sustainable and productive land management.

Land degradation due to intensive agricultural practices is a serious issue threatening food security and ecosystem balance. Monoculture farming systems often lead to soil fertility decline, increased erosion, and reduced soil biodiversity. As an alternative, agroforestry has been developed to enhance agricultural productivity without compromising soil health. Agroforestry integrates agricultural crops with trees or other woody plants in a mutually beneficial system. Several studies have shown that agroforestry improves soil organic matter content, retains soil moisture, and reduces erosion and nutrient loss. This study employs a literature review method to analyze the effectiveness of agroforestry in improving soil health and agricultural productivity. Agroforestry has been found to enhance agricultural productivity through crop diversification, efficient land use, and climate change mitigation. Diversification not only strengthens food security but also increases farmers’ income by minimizing crop failure risks and enhancing nutritional value. Additionally, agroforestry optimizes land use by improving yield per unit area and reducing environmental degradation through natural resource conservation. Agroforestry also plays a crucial role in mitigating climate change by increasing ecosystem resilience, sequestering carbon, and reducing extreme weather impacts. However, the adoption of agroforestry faces challenges, including a lack of farmers’ knowledge, limited policy support, and varying environmental conditions. Addressing these barriers through improved education, supportive policies, and sustainable resource management can accelerate agroforestry adoption. With broader implementation and strong policy support, agroforestry can drive agricultural sustainability and enhance community well-being.

One of the practical foods that can fulfill nutritional needs is flakes. Flakes that available on the market are generally made from wheat and corn. The nutritional value of corn flour-based flakes can be enhanced by combining them with other ingredients that have a relatively high protein content. One such food ingredient with a high protein content is mung beans. The development of flakes products using mung bean flour is expected to be one of the way to optimize the use of local legumes in Indonesia. The aim of this study is to obtain the best formulation of corn flour and mung bean flour in terms of the physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics of the flakes. This study uses a randomized block design with 4 treatment levels, which are the formulation ratios of corn flour to mung bean flour (60:40, 65:35, 70:30, 75:25), with each treatment repeated 6 times. The observation parameters include physicochemical characteristics such as protein, water and ash content, while sensory characteristics include aroma, taste, crispiness, color, and overall preference. The best treatment is determined by the de Garmo effectiveness index. The results of the study show that the 65% corn flour and 35% mung bean flour formulation is the best treatment based on the effectiveness index test with a score of 0.77, with physicochemical characteristics of 2.717% moisture content, 3.026% ash content, and 6.891% protein content, as well as sensory characteristics of color 4.2 (more liked), aroma 3.93 (liked), crispiness 4.26 (more liked), taste 4.23 (more liked), and overall preference 4.2 (more liked).

This research uses a qualitative descriptive method to evaluate the implementation of development strategies in the palm oil industry in facing the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The palm oil industry is a nationally strategic sector that plays a crucial role in Indonesia’s economy, both in terms of exports and employment absorption. In the digital era, technological transformation has become a necessity for industry players to improve efficiency, transparency, and global competitiveness. This study examines various adaptive strategies that have been developed, such as the application of digital technologies in the supply chain, integration of information systems in production processes, and the strengthening of human resources through technology-based training. The analysis is conducted through a literature review of recent academic works, government policies, and industrial reports. The findings indicate that the implementation of digitalization strategies still faces challenges, such as limited technological infrastructure, disparities in digital literacy, and regulations that are not yet fully supportive. These results provide a comprehensive picture of the readiness and direction of the palm oil industry’s development in the Industrial Revolution 4.0 era to achieve long-term sustainability and efficiency.

The increase in human activities, such as industrialization, urbanization, and transportation, has led to air pollution, including heavy metal contamination such as lead (Pb). Lead originates from vehicle emissions, industrial activities, and fossil fuel combustion, which have detrimental effects on the environment and human health. One effective method for monitoring air pollution is biomonitoring using bioindicators, such as lichen. Lichen is sensitive to air quality and can absorb pollutants, including heavy metals, through its surface. This study uses a literature review to analyze the role of lichen as a bioindicator of heavy metal pollution, specifically lead. Several lichen species, such as *Xanthoparmelia xanthofarinosa* and *Canoparmelia aptata*, are known to accumulate heavy metals from the environment. The results show that the lead content in lichen varies depending on the pollution level in the location. Areas with high traffic have higher lead concentrations compared to areas with low traffic. The advantages of using lichen as a bioindicator include low cost, practicality, and its ability to provide long-term data on air quality. With this understanding, lichen data can be used for pollution mitigation and evidence-based policies to reduce the impact of air pollution. Further research is recommended to explore the potential of lichen in detecting other heavy metals, such as cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu).
 

17 August 1945, University Surabaya has expanded its limited green space and educated students and the community about plant development without planting material, or it is referred to as contemporary farming by using the rooftop area on the third level of the Engineering Building (Q) for hydroponic plant cultivation. Using the PDCA (Plan, Do, Check, Action) method, one may improve the productivity of plants in hydroponic farming. The NFT (Nutrient Film Technique) system, which consists of three pipes stacked in parallel places, is used in the design of the hydroponic growing system. Rockwool, flannel cloth, plastic cups, nutrients, and a pH or TDS (Total Dissolved Solid) measuring device are among the equipment and supplies utilized. Choosing plants that can be used on small amounts of land are.
 
 

Exploitation of mineral resources through mining activities in Indonesia provides significant economic benefits, but also causes various negative impacts on the environment and socio-economic life of local communities. This study aims to review the impacts of various types of mining activities such as sand, coal, and gold. Common environmental damages include deforestation, soil erosion, water, soil, and air pollution, and decreased biodiversity. Socio-economically, mining increases social conflict, health problems, and changes in people's livelihoods. Effective management efforts include law enforcement against illegal activities, implementation of reclamation and rehabilitation, application of impact mitigation technology, and active involvement of local communities in environmental management. Consistent implementation of policies and mitigation measures is key to achieving a balance between economic benefits and environmental sustainability.

This research aims to determine product flow, financial flow and supply chain information flow as well as determine the marketing efficiency of the rice seed supply chain at UD Agro Tani. Cluster Random Sampling method, with a total of 26 respondents. The data collection method uses observation, interviews and documentation methods. Data analysis uses farmer's share analysis and marketing efficiency. In the channel 1 pattern the total margin is IDR. 6,200/Kg and channel pattern 2 total margin Rp. 5,700/Kg, total costs incurred by UD Agro Tani Rp. 1,500/kg includes production and transportation costs. The farmer's share value obtained by partner farmers in channel 1 pattern was 48.33% and channel 2 pattern was 50.43%. The percentage value shows that the flow of the rice seed supply chain is said to be efficient because the farmer's share value is <40%. Marketing efficiency in channel pattern 1 was found to be 12.5% ??and channel pattern 2 was obtained at 13.04%, where the supply chain efficiency was said to be efficient because it was <33%. So the results of farmer's share and efficiency marketing of UD Agro Tani's rice seed supply chain are efficient to do.
Keywords: farmer’s share, marketing efficiency, supply chain

This research aims to analyze the impact of conversion of agricultural land to industry on food crop production in Cilegon. The research method used is qualitative by conducting case studies and field data analysis. The results of this research provide an in-depth understanding of the consequences of land conversion on food crop production in the area. It is hoped that these findings can provide input for sustainable management of agricultural and industrial land. So that farmers experience sustainable prosperity.

This study uses a qualitative method to describe the infestation of Oryctes rhinoceros beetles in oil palm plantations and its impact on crop productivity. This pest poses a major threat to oil palm cultivation due to its ability to damage the growing points of both young and mature plants, resulting in a significant decline in yield. The study was conducted through field observations and in-depth interviews with farmers and field technicians at an oil palm plantation in Sumatra. The findings reveal that Oryctes infestations are more prevalent in plantations with poor sanitation and limited implementation of regular biological control systems. Farmers predominantly rely on mechanical and chemical control methods, which have proven to be less effective due to the lack of coordinated and sustainable application. Therefore, an ecologically-based integrated pest management strategy is needed, combining biological control, cultural practices, and farmer education to effectively suppress pest populations and ensure the sustainability of oil palm production.