The high bounce rate of the SOCO by Sociolla app, reaching 57.8%, and the decline in user engagement indicate a serious challenge in maintaining consumer loyalty amidst highly dynamic digital platform competition. In an era when consumers have many alternatives and high expectations for digital experiences, building meaningful relationships through brand experience is crucial. Brand experience encompasses not only functional interactions but also emotional and sensory dimensions that shape consumer perceptions of service value and quality. This study aims to analyze the influence of brand experience on brand loyalty by including perceived quality and brand trust as mediating variables. A quantitative approach was used through the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method on 430 active SOCO app users. The results showed that brand experience significantly influences brand loyalty directly (t=2.195, p=0.014) and also indirectly through perceived quality (t=2.457, p=0.007) and brand trust (t=5.563, p=0.000). Overall, this model explains 62.7% of the variance in brand loyalty. These findings underscore the importance of experiential marketing strategies in increasing customer satisfaction, building trust, and maintaining long-term loyalty. A strong brand experience can create deep emotional connections, strengthen perceptions of service quality, and foster brand trust, particularly in the digital beauty sector, which relies heavily on image and user convenience. Theoretically, this study contributes to the development of brand loyalty models in the digital environment. Practically, the results of this study provide guidance for digital beauty app managers like SOCO to design more immersive, personalized, and consistent user experience strategies to increase customer retention and strengthen their competitive position.

This research aims to examine the influence of exports, imports, and exchange rates on Indonesia's economic growth during the 2014–2023 period. The study employs a multiple linear regression approach using SPSS version 26 for data analysis. The findings reveal that exports, imports, and exchange rates collectively exert a significant impact on economic growth. Individually, exports contribute positively and significantly, while both imports and exchange rates show a significant negative effect on Indonesia’s GDP. These outcomes align with Keynesian economic theory, which emphasizes exports as a critical component in boosting aggregate demand and stimulating growth. Meanwhile, the negative influence of imports and exchange rates supports the Heckscher-Ohlin model and the Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) theory, indicating that excessive reliance on imports and currency depreciation can undermine domestic economic performance. This study, therefore, highlights the importance of robust trade policies and stable exchange rates to foster sustainable national economic growth.

Research This aim For compile report financial situation of Palapa Grilled Chicken MSME with apply Standard Accountancy Finance Entity Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (SAK EMKM). This MSME located in Tanjung Gusta Village and has operate since in 2012, however recording his finances Still done manually and not yet in accordance with standard applicable accounting. This is cause owner business difficulty in understand condition finance business in a way accurate. The method used in study This is method descriptive qualitative with technique data collection in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation. The data collected Then analyzed and compiled in form report finances consisting of from report position finance, reports profit loss, and notes on report finance in accordance with provisions of the EMKM SAK. Research results show that compilation report finance based on SAK EMKM can helping MSMEs to obtain a clearer picture clear about report position financial reports profit loss and performance business in a way overall. The implementation of SAK EMKM also increases awareness owner business to importance recording systematic and accurate financial research.? This expected can become references and guides for other MSME actors in increase quality management finance through implementation standard simple, relevant, and easy accounting understood.

This study investigates the impact of interest rate effectiveness, inflation, and exchange rates on economic growth in Indonesia between 2014 and 2023. Using a simultaneous equation model and the Two-Stage Least Squares (TSLS) estimation technique, the research analyzes the interrelationships among key macroeconomic indicators. The results show that exports and investment significantly influence GDP, whereas the exchange rate and money supply have no notable effect. Furthermore, GDP growth is identified as a significant determinant of investment, while interest rates and inflation are found to be statistically insignificant. The diagnostic tests confirm that the regression model satisfies the classical assumptions of normality and absence of autocorrelation. These findings highlight the importance of promoting exports and enhancing investment to support Indonesia’s sustainable economic development. Policymakers are encouraged to focus on trade performance and investment climate, as these factors have a stronger direct impact on growth compared to inflation and interest rates during the observed period.

This study aims to determine the factors that influence the achievement of the Budget Implementation Performance Indicator (IKPA) value of the Work Unit in the Medan II KPPN Work Area. The Budget Implementation Performance Indicator (IKPA) is an indicator set by the Ministry of Finance as BUN which is used as a measure and reflects the performance of the work unit on the quality of budget planning, the quality of budget implementation and the quality of budget implementation results. This study aims to determine what factors influence the achievement of the IKPA value in the work unit at the Medan II KPPN. This research method uses a quantitative approach with primary data through the distribution of questionnaires to employees who play a role in the achievement of the Satker IKPA, namely PPK, PPSPM, Treasurer, Budget Operator and Commitment/Payment Operator. The study population consisted of 170 Work Units, while the sample of this study was 200 respondents conducted in 40 Work Units in the Medan II KPPN work area with the criteria of Work Units that obtained IKPA value achievements in the sufficient and less categories for the 2022 to 2024 budget years. Hypothesis testing used analysis with the help of SmartPLS 4. The results of the study showed that transparency, organizational commitment, human resource competence, government regulations and coordination had a positive and significant effect on the achievement of IKPA values. This finding confirms the importance of transparency in state financial management accompanied by organizational commitment, increasing human resource competence, compliance with government regulations and increasing coordination between Work Units and Medan II KPPN which play a role in increasing the achievement of IKPA values ??of Work Units

The emergence of fintech services requires banks to enhance their competitive advantage through technological innovation and digitalization, compelling Rural Banks (BPR) to adapt in order to remain relevant in an increasingly competitive environment. This study aims to analyze the differences in BPR financial performance before and after the introduction of fintech services, with a focus on capital adequacy, profitability, and liquidity for the period 2019–2023. The sample consists of 21 BPRs in Bali Province, selected using non-probability sampling with purposive sampling techniques based on specific criteria. Data were collected through non-participant observation. The data analysis techniques employed include normality testing and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The results reveal that both Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) and Return on Assets (ROA) of BPRs increased after the implementation of fintech services, whereas the Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) decreased. The theoretical implication of this study supports Schumpeter’s theory of innovation, which asserts that technological innovations such as fintech services drive qualitative changes in the economic system through the creation of new products, enhancement of service quality, development of operational methods, and the opening of new markets, thereby improving BPR financial performance. The practical implication of this study is to provide insights for BPRs in formulating strategies to improve financial performance, and for potential customers, BPR health indicators may serve as a reference in assessing the reputation of BPRs and building customer trust, which in turn influences their financial performance.
 

This study aims to analyze the influence of human resource competence,government internal control systems, and information technology utilization on the quality of financial reports, and to examine the role organizational commitement as a moderating variable in the Medan City Government. Reliable financial reporting quality is essential to ensure transparency and accountability in regional financial management. Therefore, understanding the factors influencing it is crucial. The research employs a quantitative approach using primary data collected through questionnaires distributed to employees involved in the preparation of financial reports in the Medan City Government. The study population consists of 63 Regional Work Units (SKPD) with a total of 210 respondents selected using purposive sampling, including heads of agencies,secretaries,teasurers, and financial administration official (PPK). Data analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the assistance of AMOS software.The findings indicate that human resources competence, government internal control sysrems, and information technology utilization have a positive and significant effect on financial reporting quality. Additionally,organizational commitment significantly moderates the influence of these independent variables on financial reporting quality. These results highlight the importance of enchancing human resource competence, strengthening internal control systems, and optimizing information technology utilization, all supported by strong organizational commitment, to produce high-quality financial reports.

This study systematically reviews the influence of intellectual capital (IC) on firm value among mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2019–2023 period. The mining industry, typically capital-intensive and asset-heavy, is undergoing transformation as intangible assets such as knowledge, innovation, and organizational capabilities become critical for sustaining competitive advantage. The central research problem concerns how and to what extent IC—measured through human capital efficiency (HCE), structural capital efficiency (SCE), and capital employed efficiency (CEE)—affects firm value, particularly as reflected in Tobin's Q. This paper aims to synthesize findings from recent empirical studies to determine whether IC contributes significantly to market-based valuation in the mining sector. Using a systematic review approach, the study selects peer-reviewed literature applying quantitative methods, especially panel data regression models employing the VAIC™ framework. The results consistently indicate that IC positively impacts firm value, with HCE and CEE emerging as dominant drivers, while SCE shows varied effects. The findings support the Resource-Based View (RBV) theory, suggesting that IC components represent unique, valuable, and hard-to-imitate resources. The synthesis highlights that although mining firms are still adapting to intangible value drivers, those investing in human capital and capital efficiency enjoy higher valuations. The paper concludes that intellectual capital should be an integral part of strategic management in mining firms to sustain growth and investor confidence. Future research should include cross-sectoral and longitudinal analyses for broader generalizability.

This study aims to analyze the influence of financial literacy and investment motivation on investment interest in the capital market among the millennial generation with income as a moderating variable. This study uses an associative research method with a quantitative approach. The population in this study is the millennial generation who have an interest in investing in the capital market, with a total of 150 respondents determined through a purposive sampling technique. Primary data was obtained through distributing questionnaires using a Likert scale, and data analysis was carried out with the help of SmartPLS 4.0 software. The results of the study indicate that financial literacy and investment motivation have a positive and significant effect on investment interest in the capital market. However, the results of the moderation test show that income only acts as a significant moderating variable in strengthening the relationship between financial literacy and investment interest. Meanwhile, income does not significantly moderate the relationship between investment motivation and investment interest. These findings provide important implications for policy makers and financial institutions to improve financial literacy through comprehensive education programs and consider the income aspect in encouraging investment interest.

Gojek, as one of the largest online transportation service providers in Indonesia, has significantly transformed patterns of mobility and created employment opportunities for many individuals. Founded by Nadiem Makarim in 2010, Gojek is the first online-based transportation company originating from Indonesia. This study aims to examine the effects of working hours, number of orders, age, and gender on the income of Gojek drivers in Badung Regency. The research was conducted in Badung Regency, a major tourism hub in Bali Province, which generates high demand for online transportation services. Data were collected using a quantitative approach and an associative design through surveys administered to Gojek drivers in the region. The results of the analysis indicate that these variables collectively influence driver income. Specifically, working hours, number of orders, and gender have a positive and significant effect, while age has a negative and significant effect on income.

In the densely populated Simpang Tanjung urban village, waste management is an important challenge in creating a clean and healthy environment. And for that, the effort made by the local government is to collect waste retribution as a source of local revenue (PAD) to be used to support cleaning operational costs. This study aims to improve cleaning services and evaluate community participation and to de-termine the effectiveness of waste retribution management. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach by collecting data through direct interviews with cleaning officers, village officials and the community. This research shows that community participation in paying retribution is good and the collected funds are managed accountably. The management of waste retribution in Simpang Tanjung urban village runs quite well and effectively. However, there are several obstacles both internally and externally such as the lack of cleaning staff, limited waste transportation infrastructure and low public awareness about disposing of waste in the provided place. Therefore, it is important for the government to increase education about disposing of waste in its place and educate waste management in order to create a healthy and clean environment.

This Research Aims To Examine The Influence of Forensic Audit, Anti-Fraud Awareness, External Audit, Individual Morality, And Fraud Knowledge On Fraud Prevention In Organizations. Fraud is a common problem That Often Occurs in Companies Financially and Financially. Using A Literature Review Approach, This Research Compiles And Examines Various Previous Studies Related to Understanding The Relationship Between These Factors. The Results of the Study Show That Forensic Audits Are A Determining Factor in Detecting and Preventing Conditions by Strengthening Supervision and Transparency. Understanding Anti-Fraud Among Employees Is Proven To Strengthen Compliance With Existing Procedures And Provisions. Additionally, External Audits Provide Independent Assessments That Can Reduce Financial Risks. Individual Morality Contributes to the Selection of Ethical Decisions, While Knowledge of Fraud Strengthens The Ability of Individuals and Organizations to Recognize and Prevent Acts From Occurring. These Fings Call for Integrating All of these Factors Into Fraud Prevention Strategies to Create a Safer and More Accountable Environment. It is hoped that this Research Will Provide Insight for Practitioners and Scientists in Designing Effective Policies to Prevent Fraud in Various Sectors.

This research aims to identify the nature of the cash flow statement, methods of preparing it and its indicators. Identify the nature of profitability and explain its indicators, shed light on the topic of predicting the financial distress of economic units, the causes of distress and ways to treat it, and use cash flow and profitability indicators to help predict the financial distress of Iraqi industrial companies listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange in the second and third years preceding the financial distress. The research community is represented by the industrial companies listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange, which number (21) companies until January 2023, while the study sample is the Iraqi Engineering Works Company in order to apply the current research in it. The research reached several conclusions, the most important of which was that the increase in cases of financial distress to which Iraqi industrial companies are exposed is due to the lack of instructions or directives specific to the industrial sector and the failure to use financial indicators through quantitative methods and methods to predict financial distress before it occurs, and to determine what the financial position will be in the future.

This study aims to determine the effect of the Fraud Hexagon on Financial Statement Fraud in Companies in the Health Sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2020-2023. The sample in this study was a Health Company using the Purposive Sampling technique so that 19 companies were obtained with 4 years of observation (76 observation data) that met the criteria. The analysis method used in this study is the classical assumption test, multiple linear regression analysis, and hypothesis testing with the help of SPSS V30 For Windows software. Data collection methods are by documentation and literature study. The results of the study concluded that partially opportunity has an effect and pressure, rationalization, capability, arrogance and collusion do not affect financial statement fraud. Simultaneously pressure, opportunity, rationalization, capability, arrogance and collusion affect financial statement fraud.

The study examines the critical role of professional ethics in auditor decision-making, focusing on public accounting firms in Jakarta, Indonesia. Employing a convergent parallel design, the research integrates qualitative case study findings with quantitative survey results to provide a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing ethical behavior in the auditing profession.The qualitative component explores the ethical dilemmas faced by auditors, drawing on Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development, Rest's Four-Component Model, and the Theory of Planned Behavior. Through in-depth interviews and document analysis, the study reveals that auditors encounter complex ethical challenges stemming from client pressures, organizational incentives, and ambiguous professional guidelines. The findings highlight the pivotal role of ethical culture and leadership in shaping auditors' decision-making processes.The quantitative component complements the qualitative insights by surveying a larger sample of auditors across multiple firms. Descriptive and inferential analyses are conducted to assess the relationships between key variables, including organizational culture, professional guidelines, moral development, and ethical decision-making. The results provide empirical support for the qualitative findings, confirming the significant influence of organizational factors and individual moral reasoning on auditors' ethical behavior. The study offers practical recommendations for enhancing ethical practice in the auditing profession. These include implementing robust ethical training programs, fostering mentorship relationships, and aligning organizational incentives with ethical objectives. The research highlights the importance of cultivating a strong ethical culture within accounting firms and emphasizes the need for clear, unambiguous professional guidelines to support auditors in navigating ethical dilemmas.

This study reviews eight selected research articles on carbon accounting and sustainable accounting published between 2010 and 2024. The reviewed works explore various themes, including third-party roles in climate governance, adaptation strategies, environmental management accounting, corporate carbon reporting, net-zero carbon emissions, and sustainability integration in accounting frameworks. Despite differences in scope, sectoral focus, and methodological approach, all studies converge on three key insights: (1) the need to enhance understanding and management of carbon emissions and sustainability issues; (2) the importance of integrating sustainability metrics and strategies into business operations, reporting standards, and educational curricula; and (3) the urgency for more research and enabling frameworks that support the transition to a low-carbon economy. Notably, the studies vary in their contributions. Some adopt interdisciplinary perspectives, while others concentrate on sector-specific or methodological challenges, such as transparency, accountability, and the operationalization of sustainability practices. The research also reveals inconsistency in addressing research gaps—some areas remain predominantly empirical and require clearer definitions of causal relationships, whereas others demand theoretical development or applied knowledge for practical implementation. These gaps reflect the evolving nature of sustainability in accounting and highlight critical opportunities for future inquiry. Addressing these issues can support more effective carbon accounting practices and foster informed, strategic pathways toward sustainability.

This research seeks to analyze the impact of audit committee features on the financial performance of healthcare entities listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2019 to 2023.  The analyzed parameters include audit committee size, independence of the audit committee, skill of the audit committee, and frequency of audit committee meetings.  Return on Assets (ROA) serves as a critical performance metric, with business size and the COVID-19 criteria accounted for.  This study utilizes a quantitative approach using panel data regression analysis on a sample chosen by purposive sampling methods.  This research is driven by notable variations in Return on Assets (ROA) throughout the healthcare industry and a financial reporting controversy concerning PT Indofarma Tbk.  The findings indicate a substantial and noteworthy impact of audit committee size and independence on financial performance.  In contrast, the experience of the audit committee and the frequency of meetings have no substantial influence.  These results highlight the need of harmonizing structural characteristics and efficient supervision within the audit committee for good corporate governance.  The research provides actionable insights for regulators and corporate management in enhancing the functions of audit committees.

This study aims to determine the effect of Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Return On Equity Ratio (ROE), Price Earning Ratio (PER), Earning Per Share (EPS) on Health Sector Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2020-2023. The population in this study were all health sector companies listed on the IDX. The number of samples collected was 17 companies with 5 years of observation (85 observation data) that met the criteria. The analysis method used was the classical assumption test, multiple linear regression analysis, while hypothesis testing used Simultaneous and Partial tests. The results of this study indicate that DER has a positive and significant to stock prices, ROE is not affects stock prices, PER does not influence on stock prices, EPS has a positive and significant influence on stock prices.
 

The purpose of this research is to study how personal branding and value creation impact the business performance of noodle SMEs in Bekasi City. This study uses a quantitative method by collecting data from a number of MSME actors in the area through questionnaires. According to the research, personal branding and value creation have a significant impact on the company's performance level. Strong personal branding can enhance the company's reputation, while value creation serves to provide additional relevant value to customers. The results of this research emphasize that effective personal branding and value creation strategies are crucial for supporting the sustainability and development of SMEs. The conclusions of this research can be used by entrepreneurs to create better marketing strategies.

Consumer non-cyclical companies represent a stable sector that provides essential goods and services, often attracting investors seeking long-term, low-volatility opportunities. This study investigates how financial strategies—specifically window dressing and leverage—influence investment decisions in 68 consumer non-cyclical companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2019–2023. Investment decisions are measured using two key valuation indicators: Price to Book Value (PBV) and Price to Earnings Ratio (PER). Window dressing is quantified through changes in quarterly cash holdings, while leverage is proxied by the Debt to Equity Ratio (DER). Employing a quantitative descriptive method, this research uses purposive sampling and multiple linear regression analysis, preceded by classical assumption tests. The findings reveal that both window dressing and leverage have a significant positive effect on PBV, indicating that these factors play a role in shaping market perceptions of firm value. Conversely, neither variable has a significant influence on PER, suggesting that investors in this sector rely more on consistent fundamentals than on short-term financial appearances or capital structure when evaluating profitability. These results support signaling theory, emphasizing that while financial signals can influence market behavior, their effectiveness depends on the credibility of the signal and the investor’s focus. This study provides practical implications for managers aiming to enhance firm value and for investors seeking to interpret financial signals more accurately.

The relationship between ICT and the accounting profession in Nigeria is assessed in this study. A closed-ended, structured questionnaire was used as the research tool in this study and was given to the employees of the chosen businesses. The chi-square statistical tool, a non-parametric test used to ascertain whether a systematic link exists between two (2) variables, is used to assess the data acquired and retrieved from the research instrument used. The data analysis was conducted using the statistical package for social science (SPSS). According to the study's findings, there is a statistically significant correlation between ICT and the accounting profession in Nigeria. The research found that the accounting profession in Nigeria is impacted by the positive and robust relationship of ICT. A nation's rapid economic and social development is largely dependent on its ICT infrastructure, which has had an effect on the accounting profession in one way or another. Hajela (2005).This result is also consistent with Buseni James's (2023) discovery that workers' skills and ICT use are connected, indicating that companies with high ICT usage also employ more knowledge workers.

This study looks at how integrated reporting (Y) is impacted by risk management (X1), non-financial performance (X2), and company reputation. The results of the first hypothesis test (H1) indicate that risk management (X1) significantly influences integrated reporting (Y) with a significance value of 0.634 (p>0.05). This means that the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected, indicating a significant contribution of X1 to Y. Conversely, the second hypothesis test (H2) shows that non-financial performance (X2) does not have a significant influence on integrated reporting (Y), with a significance value of 0.001 (p<0.05), so the null hypothesis (H0) is accepted and H2 is rejected. Similarly, the third hypothesis (H3) shows that corporate reputation (X3) does not have a significant effect on integrated reporting (Y) with a significance value of 0.000 (p<0.05), causing the null hypothesis (H0) to be accepted and H3 to be rejected. However, the simultaneous test (H4) reveals that risk management (X1), non-financial performance (X2), and company reputation (X3) collectively have a significant effect on integrated reporting (Y), as indicated by a significance level of 0.000 (p<0.05) and a calculated F value of 11.137, which is greater than the table F value of 3.443. This supports the acceptance of H4, indicating that although some variables are not significant individually, the combination of the three collectively contributes to explaining the variation in integrated reporting (Y).

The research aims to show the impact of exchange rate fluctuations and changes in inflation rates on economic growth, in terms of the impact of the increase in the amount of goods and services produced by a particular economy. The primary components of production—land, labor, capital, and organization—are used to create these things.  Furthermore, the rise in the market value of the products and services generated by an economy over time is known as economic growth. As well as the impact on achieving a high growth rate of real per capita income during a certain period of time. Spatial boundaries were represented in the data published by the Central Bank - Directorate General of Statistics and Research. The time limits of the research were a continuous time series of fifteen years from (2010-2022) due to the availability of information and data on the variables of searching for the studied variables. The research reached several conclusions, the most important of which was that exchange rate fluctuations and change in inflation rates can affect the increase in real income and thus affect the livelihood of citizens and purposeful stability, through which societies are upgraded, as well as the impact on national income, planning, providing the necessary data and information, production of quality, providing appropriate technology and developing appropriate economic policies.

Integrated reports represent a disclosure of the vision, mission and strategy of companies towards achieving their current and future goals". They link environmental, social, governance and economic performance, and act as a link and communication between stakeholders and companies to assess the ability of companies to create and maintain value. "In order to ascertain whether integrated reports contribute to lessening the asymmetry of accounting information among investors when they are making investment decisions, the current study intends to investigate the relationship between integrated reports and the phenomenon of asymmetry of accounting information among investors". The study concluded the importance of companies shifting to integrated reports, "which in turn leads to reducing the asymmetry of accounting information among investors, in addition to the urgent need to spread awareness of the positive aspects of integrated reports".

The behind of this study motivated from the importance of company value in sustaining the company’s operation and enhancing its competitiveness. The purpose of this research was to identify and analyze the partially impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR), accounting conservatism, audit committee, capital structure, and dividend policy on firm value, as measured by Tobin’s Q, in manufacturing companies within the consumer goods industry sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2021 to 2023. The technique of data sampling using purposive sampling method. Resulting in data from 20 companies, comprising 60 financial statements and annual reports that met the representative criteria. The research employed descriptive statistical analysis, panel data regression analysis, estimation technique selection for panel data regression, classical assumption tests, and hypothesis testing. The findings revealed that the CSR variable did not have a significant positive effect on firm value, the accounting conservatism variable had a significant positive effect, the audit committee variable exhibited a significant negative effect, the capital structure variable demonstrated a significant positive effect, while the dividend policy variable did not have a significant positive effect on firm value.

The expansion of the scope of People's Economic Bank (BPR)s to enter the capital market is new in Indonesia. The legal arrangements are not yet fully regulated. Several obstacles are experienced by BPRs towards the capital market. Therefore, innovations are needed that can make BPRs enter the capital market by applying some existing legal arrangements even though they are not specifically regulating BPRs. The purpose of this study is to determine the barriers and innovations in the framework of BPR towards the capital market. Normative legal method by taking a statutory and conceptual approach. There are several challenges BPR in heading to the capital market. The answer to these challenges is innovation. The existence of innovations that can be applied to BPR in order to go to the capital market can be seen from the legal arrangements that already exist in other fields but can be applied in the BPR. BPR experiences several obstacles, including (1) Changes from closed to public LLC must go through several processes before heading to the capital market, (2) Changes in share ownership that can determine company policy and (3) Capital fulfillment factors required by the capital market. The innovations made are (1) the fulfillment of corporate governance, (2) Share ownership arrangements that can still be held by families with (a) The form of holding companies and subsidiaries with certain ownership arrangements, and (b) Applying dual class shares, (3) BPRs that have not met the capital requirements can enter through the OTC market with reporting obligations in each securities transaction.

This study aims to analyze the influence of macroeconomic factors consisting of inflation, rupiah exchange rate, and interest rates on stock returns of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period 2021-2023. The research method uses a quantitative approach with multiple linear regression analysis. The research sample consists of manufacturing companies listed on IDX during the research period, selected using purposive sampling method. The results show that among the three macroeconomic factors studied, only the rupiah exchange rate has a significant influence on the stock returns of manufacturing companies. This is due to the characteristics of the manufacturing industry which has a high dependence on imported raw materials, so that exchange rate fluctuations directly affect the company's financial performance and stock returns. Meanwhile, inflation and interest rates did not show a significant effect on stock returns of manufacturing companies during the study period.

The research aims to demonstrate the extent to which international accounting standards can be applied in the public sector. IPSAS And its impact on the quality of financial reporting in Iraq and providing a theoretical framework on the concept of international accounting standards in the public sector IPSAS The quality of financial reporting in Iraq and identifying the economic and social benefits of implementing it IPSAS In Iraqi government institutions and evaluating the positive impact of the application IPSAS on the local economy and society and studying the most important challenges that may hinder the implementation IPSAS and to provide recommendations to overcome them, the deductive approach was relied upon in building the proposed framework for the research by moving from the general to the specific and relying on the inductive approach by moving from the specific to the general by generalizing the conclusions and recommendations to the research community. The research community is represented by all government departments and institutions in Iraq. As for the research sample, the Financial Supervision Bureau was chosen because of the effective role of this body in imposing accounting and control systems on government departments and institutions, preserving public money, supporting public accountability and strengthening the economy. The most significant of the researcher's findings, however, was that the Iraqi Accounting Standards Board had failed to implement international accounting standards. the public sector and issue local standards that are consistent and compatible with the above standards to bridge the large gap between international and Iraqi standards because the current local rules are insufficient to address accounting practices.

Human resources management is the essence of modern management because it performs functions and functions that enhance its position in the organization's organizational structure and make it a means of survival and sustainability in activity and success. The compensation equity approved by the Foundation contributes directly to raising the efficiency of workers. This confirms the validity of our hypothesis in research, and because the incentive system has an important role in activating human resources, because the presence of internal motivation and desire to work alone is not enough. In our research, we discussed the following points. A close relationship between human resource activation factors, despite the difference allowed by the system of effective incentives to enhance the worker's sense of belonging to the institution. Evaluation of staff performance contributes to determining the factors that must be used to activate staff performance. Rewards are the main variable that influences a worker's desire and drives him to work seriously and sincerely.

This research aimed to measure the extent of public sector companies' commitment to adopting social responsibility accounting in Wasit Textile and Knitting Factory as a model. The research concluded that the research sample had achieved advanced levels of adopting social responsibility accounting despite the limited capabilities of the research sample. It has yet to reach the required level of adopting social responsibility accounting. The research used the seven-point Likert scale to measure the extent of the research sample's commitment to adopting social responsibility accounting. Among the most important results reached by the study is the existence of accounting procedures and policies that are compatible with the requirements for adopting responsibility accounting by the research sample. The study recommended the full adoption of social responsibility accounting in industrial companies and others, due to its important role in achieving the goals of social responsibility as well as moving from the stage of voluntary commitment to the stage of commitment to social responsibility.

The research addressed the possibility of achieving economic reform in Iraq based on the directions of the competent international institutions, of which Iraq is a member or observer, as institutions possessing great capabilities and experience accumulated from more than 190 member states in these institutions. It also provides the opportunity for economic cooperation and benefiting from international expertise. For this purpose, it included: The research consisted of three sections, the first section of which dealt with the theoretical framework of economic reform and international institutions, while the second section dealt with the vision of international institutions for economic reform in Iraq, while the third section included the most important conclusions and recommendations reached by the research, which focused on the weak points from which Iraq suffers. The research also recommended a number of points, including the need to benefit from the expertise of these institutions in the economic and social fields in a way that reflects the general interest of Iraqi society. At the conclusion of the research, the approved sources for the research were confirmed so that the topic could be addressed to the extent possible to achieve the goals from which it started.

The research purposes to assess the effectiveness of the receivables model in enhancing the quality of accounting information (QAF), analyze the relationship between this quality and tax revenue proceeds, and provide recommendations for improving the use of the receivables model in institutions to achieve better tax revenue outcomes. Additionally, it highlights the role of high-quality accounting information systems in increasing tax revenues by enhancing the relevance and reliability of accounting data, making it a vital tool for administrative decision-making that aligns with the demands of today's business environment. The study focuses on the General Authority for Taxes of Iraq for the period from 2015 to 2024 to apply the receivables model in measuring the QAF and its impact on boosting tax revenues. The study came to a number of conclusions, the most significant of which was that the two fundamental characteristics that enable various users to use accounting information for decision-making are relevance and reliability, and For the purpose of determining the general structure of the accounting information system in tax institutions and units in order to increase tax revenue collections, it is necessary to determine the type and nature of reports that require preparation to provide, display and communicate information to the entities and parties benefiting from it.

This research seeks to examine the effect of service quality on revisit intention, with customer satisfaction acting as a mediating variable, at Adiksi Coffee in Bandar Lampung. The study employed a survey method using questionnaires, gathering responses from 160 individuals who had previously visited Adiksi Coffee. The data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to assess the relationships among service quality, customer satisfaction, and revisit intention. The analysis utilized the SERVQUAL dimensions for measuring service quality, alongside performance, expenses and overall expectation dimensions for customer satisfaction, and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) dimensions for revisit intention. The findings revealed that service quality significantly and positively influences customer satisfaction; service quality also directly and positively impacts revisit intention. Additionally, customer satisfaction was found to have a significant positive effect on revisit intention and served as a mediator in the relationship between service quality and revisit intention. This study highlights the critical role of service quality in shaping customer satisfaction and revisit intention within the coffee shop sector, particularly at Adiksi Coffee. These insights offer valuable practical implications for coffee shop operators aiming to enhance customer satisfaction and encourage repeat visits by focusing on service quality improvements.

The current research seeks to identify the role of value Creativity capabilities through its dimensions (environmental value, utility value, achievement value, intrinsic value) in addressing the behaviour of the customer boycott, through the mediating role of marketing excellence through its dimensions (service quality, customer retention, innovation of new services, appropriate price, continuous improvement) in Zain Iraq and Asia Cell in the Middle Euphrates region in (Najaf, Karbala, Babylon, Diwaniyah, Muthanna). The problem of the study lies in the main question of what is the nature of the relationship between the capabilities of value Creativity and the behaviour of the customer boycott with the presence of the mediating role of marketing excellence, and the study used the questionnaire to collect data, as it distributed (112) questionnaire forms to a random sample of administrative leaders in (Zain Iraq and Asia Cell), and retrieved (104) forms valid for statistical analysis and the data collected was analysed using a set of statistical tests available in the two statistical programmes (SPSS. V.29, 29 (Amos.V. 29), The results of the study confirmed a number of conclusions, the most important of which is the existence of a role for value Creativity capabilities in addressing the behaviour of the customer boycott through the mediating role of marketing excellence, which means the company's interest in improving the level of customer satisfaction by investing its capabilities by providing services and products that meet their needs.

This research was conducted to determine the effect of transformational leadership and the physical work environment on the performance of PNPN employees with motivation as an intervening variable in land offices throughout West Priangan (Cianjur Regency, Sukabumi Regency and Sukabumi City). It is hoped that this research can provide input for institutions in improving the quality and quantity of Transformational Leadership, Physical Work Environment and Motivation, in order to improve employee performance. In this research, sampling was used using Simple Random Sampling by distributing questionnaires to 113 ASN employees at the West Priangan Land Office in 2024. Data from the questionnaire were analyzed using SPSS Version 27 and Lisrel 8.80 software. The results of this research state that Transformational Leadership influences Employee Performance, the Physical Work Environment influences Employee Performance, Motivation influences Employee Performance, Motivation is able to mediate the influence of Transformational Leadership on Employee Performance, as well as the Physical Work Environment, Motivation can still mediate its influence on Employee Performance.

This study aims to analyze the effect of Environmental Costing, Sustainable Performance Measurement, and Decision Making on Sustainability Management Accounting (SMA) in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the period 2018–2022. The research method uses a quantitative approach with a descriptive and explanatory design. The sample was determined through a purposive sampling method with the criteria of companies that consistently publish annual reports, sustainability reports, and participate in the PROPER program. The data analysis technique used multiple linear regression with classical assumption tests such as normality, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity, and autocorrelation. The results of the study indicate that simultaneously Environmental Costing, Sustainable Performance Measurement, and Decision Making have a negative and insignificant effect on Sustainability Management Accounting. Partially, the three independent variables also did not show a significant effect on SMA. This finding indicates that these sustainability elements have not been effectively integrated into the company's management accounting system. This study shows the need to increase management commitment and develop a more structured sustainability information system in order to support strategic decision making in line with sustainability principles.

This research aims to analyze the relationships among total risk, capital structure, and profitability, and their impact on corporate sustainability, with firm performance acting as a mediator. Corporate sustainability has become increasingly important in today’s competitive and dynamic business environment. A literature review indicates that well-managed total risk can enhance firm performance, while an optimal capital structure contributes to higher profitability. In turn, profitability enables companies to invest in innovation and sustainable development. This study identifies a gap in the existing literature, as few studies integrate these three factors within the context of sustainability. By employing a comprehensive analytical approach, this research seeks to provide deeper insights into how total risk, capital structure, and profitability interact to support corporate sustainability. The findings are expected to significantly contribute to financial management practices and sustainable corporate policies.

This research aims to analyze the impact of change leadership on the digital transformation of universities through strategic capabilities as an intermediary factor, highlighting Sumer University as a model for the study. The study focused on diagnosing the reality of the application of change leadership and the university's readiness for digital transformation, in addition to measuring the relationship between these variables. The research relied on the descriptive analytical approach and the size of the community was (284) in (9) colleges of Sumer University, which included a random sample of 161 leaders at Sumer University (the university president, the university president's assistant, the dean, the assistant dean, the head of the department, and the division director). A questionnaire was designed as the main tool for collecting data, based on solid measures on the research variables (change leadership, digital transformation) with the results analyzed using SPSS and Amos software. The research concluded the importance of enhancing change leadership as a means of improving digital transformation and developing university performance. Statistical methods were used, including (validity and reliability test, normal distribution test, confirmatory factor analysis, mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, relative importance, Pearson correlation coefficient, simple linear regression, etc.) to test the main and sub-hypotheses of the research. A set of conclusions were reached, the most important of which is that the dimensions of change leadership play an effective and influential role in one of the dimensions of digital transformation, which is digital leadership in general

This study aims to analyze the financial performance of the Merangin Regency Government in the 2017-2023 budget year using the financial ratio analysis method. The ratios used include the regional financial independence ratio, the effectiveness and efficiency ratio of Regional Original Income (PAD), the activity ratio (spending harmony), the growth ratio, and the budget solvency ratio. The data used in this study are secondary data obtained from the realization report of the Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBD) of Merangin Regency during the study period. The results of the analysis show that the financial performance of Merangin Regency fluctuates from year to year. The PAD effectiveness and efficiency ratio shows a fairly good level of effectiveness, although its efficiency still needs to be improved. The regional financial independence ratio is still relatively low, indicating a fairly high dependence on transfer funds from the central government. The activity ratio shows that the allocation of spending is still used more for operational spending than capital spending, which has an impact on the region's ability to build long-term infrastructure. This study provides recommendations for the Merangin Regency Government to improve its strategy in optimizing PAD and managing the budget more efficiently and oriented towards sustainable development..

With the rising demand in the food sector, particularly for ready-made spices, CV. Peduli Pangan, which focuses on producing sachets of pepper, has a notable chance for expansion. To address this demand, accurate forecasting of production is essential for guiding choices related to production planning. Forecasting is an important tool for decision-making that underpins various manufacturing and service sectors.This research aims to estimate the ideal production quantity of pepper sachets over the next 12 periods. Regression analysis is utilized to identify the best-fitting model based on the gathered data, facilitating an exploration of how important factors affect production. The resulting regression formula shows that the production levels are impacted by the cost of raw materials (HBB), product defects (PG), and workforce (TK). The constant figure of 11,109.687 signifies the fundamental production level when these factors are not considered. If all other factors are ignored, a decrease in production volume occurs when the raw material price (X1_HBB) is -0.15 and the defect rate (X2_PG) is -0.617. On the other hand, production volume rises if the labor factor (X3_TK) is valued positively at 37.317. This forecasting model is designed to aid CV. Peduli Pangan in making informed and precise production choices.

BNI Fleksi Credit is a KTA facility offered to employees with fixed income for consumption purposes. The procedure for granting BNI Fleksi credit by Bank BNI Branch. Fatmawati still has problems, one of which is not providing physical collateral and there are still prospective debtors who do not understand the terms and conditions in applying for BNI Fleksi credit facilities. The purpose of this study is to find out what are the terms and conditions in applying for BNI Fleksi credit, to find out how the implementation of BNI Fleksi credit provision, to understand the various obstacles in the process of granting BNI Fleksi credit by Bank BNI Fatmawati Branch. The study method used is descriptive qualitative method. The result of the study shows that, 1) BNI Fleksi credit that has been implemented runs quite well and has been in accordance with the procedures and provisions, however, there are still some obstacles faced, one of which is the completeness of document requirements as support in the process of granting BNI Fleksi credit has not met the requirements. 2) In BI Checking, there are still prospective debtors who have arrears at various banks. 3) BNI Flexi Credit customers experience delays in paying principal and interest installments due to the company being late in paying salaries to employees, this has an impact on installment payments and the occurrence of collectibility which is the possibility of not receiving back the loan that has been given. 4) Refusal to provide BNI Flexion to prospective debtors because they do not guarantee themselves with credit insurance that can protect the risk of inability to pay, death, bankruptcy, termination of employment, repayment of remaining credit interest and arrears, and also simplify the loan application process.

This study aims to identify obstacles and opportunities in the development of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Mojokerto Regency, Indonesia from a macroeconomic perspective. Using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, this study analyzes various literature and secondary data from national and international sources. The research findings show that MSMEs in Mojokerto Regency face several major obstacles, including limited access to financing, lack of digital literacy, inadequate infrastructure, and challenges in improving the quality of human resources. On the other hand, there are significant opportunities for MSME development through the use of digital technology, government policy support, and export market development. From a macroeconomic perspective, the success of MSME development in Mojokerto will not only have an impact on improving the welfare of local communities but can also contribute to regional and national economic growth. Recommendations from this study include increasing access to financing, accelerating the development of digital infrastructure, and strengthening the capacity of MSME actors through entrepreneurship training and technological literacy. By overcoming these obstacles and utilizing existing opportunities, MSMEs in Mojokerto Regency have the potential to become a driving force for a stronger and more sustainable economy.

Higher education is an important level of education in preparing students for the world of work. One of the programs that supports the development of student competencies is the internship program, which provides opportunities for students to develop soft skills and adapt to the work environment. This study aims to determine the profile of organizational culture at PT. Graha Manggala Abadi Hotel Harper Perintis By Aston Makassar at present and expected in the future based on employee perceptions. based on six main dimensions: dominant characteristics, leadership This study uses qualitative research by analyzing organizational culture at PT. Graha Manggala Abadi Hotel Harper Perintis By Aston Makassar organization, employee management, organizational glue, strategic emphasis, and success criteria. Data were collected through questionnaires that were distributed and analyzed using the Organization Culture Assessment Instrument (OCAI) analysis. Based on the results of the OCAI analysis for all dimensions of organizational culture, it shows an increase in Clan Culture and Adhocracy Culture. In the organizational aspect, efforts are needed to maintain a balance between renewal, efficiency, and cohesion by strengthening the values ??of Clan Culture and adopting innovative elements from Adhocracy Culture.

This article examines the influence of Forensic Audit, Internal Audit, Information Technology, Auditor Attitude, and professional skepticism on Fraud Disclosure. The goal is to make a hypothesis about the influence of each variable that will be used in future research. The results of this article are: Forensic Accounting, Internal Audit, Information Technology, Auditor Attitude, and professional skepticism affect Fraud Disclosure.

The purpose of this research is to determine the influence of accounting information systems, internal control systems and work motivation on employee performance at PT. Selalu Cinta Indonesia. The research location is at PT. Selalu Cinta Indonesia Semarang. Analysis tools use data reduction, presenting data, and verifying conclusions. The analysis method used is multiple linear regression. Hypothesis testing uses a 5% degree of freedom. The results of the reliability and validity tests show that all question items are reliable and the constructs are valid, besides that the regression meets the model fit. The research results showed that the Accounting Information System (X1) had a significant positive effect on employee performance (Y). Internal Control (X2) has a significant positive effect on employee performance (Y). Work motivation (X3) has a significant positive effect on employee performance (Y).
 

This research aims to determine the influence of the implementation of regional government information systems, human resource competence, organizational commitment, and internal control on the quality of financial reports. The study employs a quantitative method using multiple linear regression analysis. Primary data were collected through questionnaires distributed to respondents, and data were processed using SPSS version 27. The findings reveal that human resource competence and organizational commitment have a significant positive effect on the quality of financial reports. In contrast, the implementation of regional government information systems and internal control do not show a significant effect. These results indicate that improving the quality of financial reports in regional governments is more dependent on the quality of human resources and the level of organizational commitment rather than the sole reliance on information systems or internal control mechanisms. The study provides insights for policymakers to prioritize competence development and foster a culture of organizational accountability to enhance financial reporting outcomes.

 Purpose: The study's aim to highlight how the relationship between the auditing standard Analytical Procedures (520) and reducing audit sample risks, a study according to the standard of auditing (530), and the complementary role between them. The sample chosen for the community matches the financial operations after a thorough assessment using analytical methodologies to gain reasonable certainty that the information presented in the financial statements and management report is reliable, fair, and unbiased. Theoretical framework: The theoretical framework of the study included introductory frameworks for analytical procedures in terms of the concept, objectives and methods they contain, as well as introductory frameworks for the concept of audit samples, their risks and the factors influencing their size, as well as the theoretical relationship between the impact of analytical procedures on audit samples. Design/methodology/methodology: In order to accomplish the aims of the study, the focus was on the inductive approach by highlighting the impact of the relationship to the standard of auditing for analytical procedures (520) in preventing the risks of audit samples, a study according to the standard of auditing (530), and the complementary role between them, And the impact and then the transition to the general path by generalizing the results that have been reached. Also, the deductive approach was relied on to strengthen definitional frameworks for the independent variable, analytical procedures, and the dependent variable, audit samples, through what is contained in books, theses, and scientific research, identifying the general aspects, and delving into the results of the practical side of the study. Findings: The results of the statistical analysis showed the following the existence of a significant relationship between the impact of the methods of analytical procedures in preventing the risks of statistical samples in the audit process. It measures either the significance level (Sig. F) of the model as a whole is (0.000), which is less than (5%) hypothesized by the researcher and should be analytical The analysis accepts the hypothesis of the model that there is a significant effect relationship between the utilization of the analytical procedures approach in the reduction of statistical sampling risk in the audit study based on auditing standards (520, 530). 

This study aims to analyze the impact of financial distress, measured using the Springate S-Score, information technology represented by IT spending, and macroeconomic factors such as interest rates and exchange rates on the stock returns of State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period of 2019-2023. The research method employed is multiple linear regression analysis with a quantitative approach, utilizing secondary data from annual financial reports of SOEs selected through purposive sampling. The results show that financial distress, as proxied by the Springate S-Score, has a significant positive effect on stock returns, while information technology does not have a significant impact on stock returns. The macroeconomic factor, exchange rate, has a significant positive effect on stock returns, whereas interest rates show no significant relationship. Overall, these findings provide insights for investors and SOE management in formulating more effective investment strategies and operational decisions in the capital market.

Purpose: The research examines the relationship between international financial reporting standards and   sustainability accounting information. International financial reporting could affect the efficiency and effectiveness of accounting information disclosure by transparency financial reports.
Design/methodology/approach: This research collects the data by using the questionnaire technique distributed to accountants and auditors in trade companies and financial analysts in financial brokerage companies. The Mann-Whitney test is applied to examine the hypotheses of this study model.
Findings: This research finds that the application of international financial reporting standards positively impacts the efficiency and effectiveness of sustainability accounting information. Thus, international financial reporting standards have many advantages and positive impacts regarding the necessity of their application in business companies.
Originality/value: Although many studies have investigated sustainability accounting, no research has addressed the association between international financial reporting standards and the efficiency and effectiveness of accounting disclosure in financial reports in emerging markets in Iraq. In addition, this research shows the importance of the efficiency and effectiveness of quality accounting information in company reports to inspire companies to provide financial reports with a high level of transparency. Also, the results offer valuable insight into improving the quality of financial reports and accounting information's to attract foreign investors.
The five-point Likert scale was used to express the totality of the five dimensions, in which the measurements range from one point with a strongly disagree content to five points with a strongly agree content, in addition to the program ((spss), and (159) questionnaires were distributed to several employees. The research sample of companies listed in the Iraq Stock Exchange and its analysis using multiple statistical techniques.

This study aims to determine the effect of earnings management and financial performance in firm value. The companies used in this study are food and beverage subsector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2020-2022. The method in this study uses a quantitative approach with secondary data in the form of company financial reports. The population in this study were 51 companies, using purposive sampling method and obtained a sample of 11 companies. The data analysis technique uses the classical assumption test, panel data multiple linier regression test, f test and t test, and the coefficient of determination test. The results of this study indicate that earnings management has a significant negative effect on firm value, profitability has a significant positive effect on firm value, earnings management and profitability affect firm value.

Digital transformation has fundamentally changed the structure of the global economy, creating a new paradigm in the tax system that demands a thorough adaptation. This systematic literature review research aims to explore the future of digital taxation in Indonesia through a comprehensive analysis of tax policy challenges and strategies. The research methodology adopts the PRISMA protocol with a systematic search of international and national databases, conducting a strict selection from 309 articles to filter 10 quality journals for in-depth review. The research uses a qualitative meta-synthesis approach to analyze themes, compare policy strategies, and integrate findings across studies. The results of the study reveal that Indonesia's digital economy will reach USD 82 billion in 2023, with a projected USD 146 million in 2025, supported by internet penetration of 221,563,479 users. Key findings show a significant increase in the e-filing system from 68.2% in 2016 to 83.4% in 2022, as well as a positive perception of 70% of Generation Z towards digital tax education. The research identified key challenges including the digital divide, low technology literacy, and regulatory complexity. The conclusion emphasizes the need for a holistic approach that integrates technology, education, and social participation through digital infrastructure investments, inclusive literacy programs, adaptive regulatory frameworks, and multi-stakeholder collaboration to realize a fair, efficient, and inclusive digital tax ecosystem.

This study aims to determine and examine the influence of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Liquidity, and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on Financial Performance in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2019 to 2023. This research uses quantitative data in the form of annual reports and sustainability reports of manufacturing companies obtained from the official website of the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) at www.idx.co.id and the related company websites. The data collection technique used the documentation method, with 23 companies meeting the criteria for this study. The data analysis technique used in this research employs quantitative analysis techniques, specifically Multiple Linear Regression. (Multiple Linear Regression). The statistical program used in this research is SPSS 26.0 to test the influence of independent variables on the dependent variable. The results of this study indicate that the variables Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Liquidity, and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) have a positive and significant impact on financial performance (ROA).

This study aims to examine how the Old Age Security (Jaminan Hari Tua/JHT) claim process is carried out at the Palu Branch of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan, both through direct services at the office and online. The main focus is on how the accounting information system supports the claim process, starting from registration, data validation, approval, transaction recording, to payment. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method through interviews with several BPJS employees in the service and finance departments. The results show that the use of digital systems such as SMILE and the JMO application has made the claim process faster and more efficient, especially for online claims. However, some obstacles remain, such as data input errors and participants' lack of understanding of digital technology. Nevertheless, the integrated system helps reduce administrative burdens as data is directly connected to the central system without the need for manual processing at the branch office. These findings indicate that the implemented information system has been running effectively and efficiently, although assistance to participants is still needed to improve the success of digital claim services.

The aim of the research is to measure the level of financial reporting quality for a sample of banks listed in the Iraq Stock Exchange due to their great importance as they are the main source for making various decisions for users and stakeholders, as their high quality contributes to making sound decisions and increasing confidence in dealing with economic units. To achieve the research objective, the financial data of the research sample, represented by five banks listed in the Iraq Stock Exchange for the period from 2016 to 2023, were analyzed. The accounting conservatism index was used as a proxy for the quality of financial reports according to the (MTB) model, the ratio of the market value of equity to its book value. The results showed a discrepancy between the banks in the research sample in the level of quality of financial reports according to the conservatism index.

This study examines the impact of corporate governance structures on the transparency and accuracy of financial reporting in banking institutions. Using a quantitative research approach, the study analyzes data from 150 banks across 25 countries over a five-year period (2019-2023). Multiple regression analysis reveals that board independence, audit committee effectiveness, and ownership concentration significantly influence financial reporting quality. The findings indicate that stronger corporate governance mechanisms lead to improved financial reporting quality, with board independence having the strongest positive impact. This research contributes to the existing literature by establishing empirical evidence of the relationship between specific corporate governance mechanisms and financial reporting quality in the banking sector, which has implications for regulatory policy and banking governance practices.

In alongside demonstrating how strategic cost management approaches can lower banking risks, the study sought to address the theoretical underpinnings of both banking risks and strategic cost management techniques. as well as identifying the most important measures through which banking risks to which economic units are exposed can be reduced to a minimum by helping to deal with situations in which the future cannot be predicted with certainty and that banking risks arise from the financing side. The study was applied in a sample of banks listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange, and the focus was on commercial banks because of the exposure of these banks to a range of banking risks, the most important of which are credit risks, liquidity, exchange rate and interest rate. These banks also suffer from problems related to operational decisions such as pricing decisions. Strategic cost management techniques are a set of tools and methods that are appropriate to the needs of the modern business environment, which is concerned with cost analysis in a broad framework through its ideal position in order to improve the cost structure and achieve competitive advantage. This was the most significant finding of the research. The research discovered that strategic cost management techniques can help reduce risks and rationalize operational decisions, through which they can respond quickly to customer requirements and provide sufficient flexibility for any Changes that may occur and the delivery of products to them as quickly as possible while adhering to the standards of the modern corporate environment.

This study analyses the production and quality of nest Bird swallows (SBW) in rural and urban areas of Lombok Island, as well as the level of income of SBW breeders. Survey and purposive sampling techniques: this study involved 20 respondents, 10 of each rural and urban. Data was collected through interviews, observation field, and documentation, then explained in a way. Research results show that SBW production and quality in urban areas are taller compared to rural areas, supported by policies and modern technology such as the arrangement of temperature and humidity. Total production in urban areas reached 55,25 kg, while in rural areas, it was 23,8 kg. Feed becomes the primary determinant of This difference. In rural areas, constraints such as predator disturbance and dependence on natural conditions influence production results. Meanwhile?, quality urban nests? are superior. This research provides recommendations for improving the management of SBW cultivation in rural areas through technology transfer, training, and optimal environment management. It can increase the productivity and income of SBW breeders in general and be sustainable.

This study aims to examine, analyze, and describe the determination of selling prices for special orders using the relevant cost approach and the cost-plus pricing method at "Puna Jaya" Tempeh Factory in Poso Regency. This research is a descriptive analytical study. The relevant cost analysis shows that the production cost for special-order tempeh is lower than regular production. The cost-plus pricing analysis indicates that the selling price of large special-order tempeh is 11.68% lower, while small special-order tempeh is 21.43% lower compared to regular production prices. Although the price of special-order tempeh is lower, it maintains profitability levels of 30.85% for large tempeh and 20.57% for small tempeh, consistent with regular production. This analysis is expected to contribute to "Puna Jaya" Tempeh Factory in enhancing its competitive advantage over other tempeh producers in Poso Regency.

The purpose of the current research is to identify the impact of green accounting represented by (activating the accounting system to keep pace with environmental activities (GAKE), Activating the environmental activity measurement system (GAAM), Activating the environmental cost analysis system (GACO), activating the reporting and disclosure system for sustainable environmental performance (GASD)) on electronic accounting activities represented by (system quality, information quality, and service quality) among employees of Al-Ittihad Company for Food Industries Limited in Babil Governorate. This purpose was derived from a main problem that the research sought to achieve, which was (Is there an impact of green accounting requirements on electronic accounting activities at Al-Ittihad Company for Food Industries Limited in Babil Governorate?), for which two hypotheses were developed to address this problem. Therefore, to identify the means to address the research problem, a questionnaire tool was adopted to collect the necessary data for analysis. As (150) questionnaires were distributed, and (142) questionnaires were retrieved by (3) questionnaires, including damaged ones, and (139) questionnaires were valid for analysis, using the program (SPSS & AMOS) data was interpreted and analysed by extracting (mean, standard deviation, stability coefficient, correlation between variables, impact and interpretation coefficient). On the basis of the interpretation and analysis process, the research reached several results, the most important of which is that there is a significant correlation and impact between green accounting requirements and electronic accounting activities. This indicates that by integrating green accounting requirements into the electronic accounting system, companies can accurately measure and evaluate the impact of their activities on the environment. This helps identify areas that need to be improved and helps minimize negative impacts.

This investigate points to analyze the Budgetary Execution of the Mendalo Laut Town Government, Jambi Exterior City Area, Muaro Jambi Rule for the Monetary Year 2020-2023.This think about points to decide the Money related Execution of Mendalo Laut Town utilizing the Decentralization Degree Proportion, Town Budgetary Autonomy Proportion, Town Money related Reliance Proportion, PADes Adequacy Proportion, Use Proficiency Proportion, Use Agreement Proportion, and PADes Development Ratio.This inquire about may be a quantitative expressive study.Using auxiliary information within the shape of the Realization Report of the Town Income and Consumption Budget (APBDes) of Mendalo Laut Town, Jambi External City Area, Muaro Jambi Rule for the 2020-2023 Monetary Year.The inquire about comes about appear that the Budgetary Execution of the Mendalo Laut Town Government based on the Degree of Decentralization Proportion is categorized as exceptionally destitute, the Town Monetary Autonomy Proportion is categorized as Exceptionally Moo, the Town Monetary Reliance Proportion is categorized as exceptionally tall, the PADes Viability Proportion is categorized as ineffectual, the Investing Concordance Proportion is categorized as destitute, and the PADes Development Proportion is categorized as Not Great. Furthermore, the SWOT Examination employments the S-O technique, which utilizes inner qualities to abuse outside openings.

Sustaincapability is a pioneer opinion that has been receiving more and more consideration by companies; Especially since the compilation of the sustaincapability report of listed companies became mandatory. Over the past decade, establishmental sustaincapability has changed aboard centralizing on issues thus as associable accountcapability relying on preserving a well credit in the associable square and patronaging the surroundings to a strategic necessity to achieve patronagable implementation in the three economic, associable and surroundingsal squares. Is Big establishments, regardless of the sustaincapability strategy, have faced competes and worse, due to their influence on their national economy, they have cautilizated their countries to suffer problems and even crises in the associable and surroundingsal squares. Therefore, procrastination in not complying with the principles and requirements of sustaincapability increases the hidden costs of establishments and even countries and makes it more hard for them to implement it with the passage of time. For this reason, in the present article, it deals with a revision method by collecting inestablishment aboard the library and internet methods and compiled revision articles on the opinion of patronagable growth and the communication among patronagable growth and person resource handling.

The purpose of this study is to show how much green finance—which includes investments in renewable energy, sustainable infrastructure, green technology, social investment, and green bonds—can help a sample of Iraqi bank employees achieve sustainable financial performance, including accounting, marketing, and comprehensive performance. The research problem was that the banking system and the government must work together effectively to provide the required financial tools, such as low-cost bank loans and exemptions from environmental taxes, in order to achieve sustainable financial performance and make the shift to a green economy. By examining the connection between these factors, two primary hypotheses were created to gauge the degree of influence and linkage. The primary instrument for gathering information pertaining to the field component of the study was the questionnaire form. There were 179 people in the sample. The study included a variety of statistical techniques, including standard deviations, arithmetic averages, and structural equation modeling with the aid of statistical tools (spss.var.29, amos.var.26). The most significant of the conclusions drawn was that green financing has a morally beneficial effect on sustainable financial performance.

The purpose of this research is to build a review study to analyse the situation of successful companies in the use of digital twinning to reduce waste and losses that occur in the lack of accurate investment of time and efforts made, and from this basis was presented a set of previous studies related to digital twinning in order to determine the findings of these studies and discuss them by identifying points of similarity and difference between these studies,  And then come up with an idea and a new mechanism to determine the behaviours that companies can pursue in order to apply digital twinning, and on this basis the research discussed the conceptual framework of digital twinning and then the mechanisms through which companies can use it in order to develop their ability to achieve strategic success and competitiveness, the research has come out with several results, foremost of which was that digital twinning works to build a digital model that parallels competing companies through data analysis, improving their efficiency, accelerating innovation, predicting trends, and Then improve the customer experience and achieve integration between the current systems and the systems pursued by other companies.

In the contemporary business environment, which is prone to competition, marketing can be considered as a series of structured business activities to plan, produce, price, promote, distribute goods, services, and ideas. The marketing mix is considered as one of the most important aspects of the marketing process, especially in MSMEs which are now growing very rapidly. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the marketing mix in the with love milli business which is used to drive product sales and create competitive advantages. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method that uses data collection techniques in the form of in-depth and structured interviews and observations. Based on the results of the interview, with love milli has implemented a marketing mix (product, price, promotion, place) to create competitive advantages and increase sales.

The research aims to build a training programme according to the dimensions of the professional motivation of accountants and its impact on the development of technical Literacy by verifying the validity of the following null hypothesis: "There is no statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the average scores of accountants of the experimental group and those who will subject accountants to the training programme based on the dimensions of professional motivation and the average scores of accountants for the control group who will not subject accountants to training in the training programme in technical Literacy.To achieve the objectives of the research, the researchers used the experimental design with two equivalent groups (experimental and control), as 42 accountants were randomly selected (by lot) as a sample for research from the accountants of the General Directorate of Education of Qadisiyah for the academic year 2024-2025, by 21 accountants for the experimental group and 21 accountants for the control group.The training programme was built according to three stages (planning, design, evaluation), and then trained accountants of the experimental group for a period of (11) days by two sessions per day using the training programme according to the dimensions of professional motivation, and the researcher prepared a scale for technical Literacy of the type of multiple choice (40 items), and their sincerity and stability were verified, as the stability coefficient for testing the scale reached (90, 0) and the stability coefficient of the observation card was (0.86), for the scale test (0.89) and they were applied after the end of the experiment. And the researcher used the statistical programme SPSS.The accountants of the experimental group outperformed the accountants of the control group in the scale test, and in light of the results of the research, the researcher recommended the possibility of adopting the training programme prepared according to the dimensions of professional motivation.

These financial problems are the inability of students to manage their own personal money (monthly money from parents), lack of financial planning habits, lack of financial control by parents. So this journal was made to find out whether there is an influence of financial education in social (family) organization on the personal financial management of undergraduate students at the Faculty of Economics and Business, Makassar State University. This type of research is causal associative research, or a causal relationship with a quantitative approach. This can be seen from the probability (sig.) = 0.009 ttable = 2.676 > 1.998 and from the probability (sig.) = 0.000 ttable (4.158 > 1.998). So that it is known that the influence of family finances and financial literacy together has a positive and significant effect on personal financial management and also the influence of family finances has a positive and significant effect on the personal financial management of S1 students of Management, Department of Economics, Makassar State University.

One critical component in the rapidly expanding halal tourism industry is the existence of hotels catering to the needs of Muslim travelers, known as Sharia-compliant hotels. Operating within the framework of Islamic law, these hotels bear the responsibility of managing funds in accordance with Sharia principles. The management of non-halal funds within such establishments presents a complex challenge that necessitates careful consideration to ensure compliance with Islamic values while addressing financial and social aspects. This study aims to provide insights into strategies for managing non-halal funds in Sharia-compliant hotels within the framework of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and from the perspective of Islamic economic law. Using a qualitative research approach with descriptive analysis through a literature review, the findings indicate that the legal status of non-halal funds may be permissible if allocated for general public welfare. Recommended management strategies include adherence to the PSAK 101 accounting standard and the application of Tafriq Shafqah principles through CSR initiatives. Non-halal funds are optimally distributed for social welfare (maslahah wa tashrif al-‘ammah) such as empowering local communities through education and training, supporting zakat and charity programs, promoting sustainable environmental management, ensuring fair employment opportunities, fostering local economic development, and enhancing public education and awareness. These efforts not only enhance the positive reputation of Sharia-compliant hotels but also contribute significantly to the economic, environmental, and social well-being of the broader community.

This study aims to analyze competency in improving accountability. This study uses the System Literature Review method using data sources from Mendeley, Publish or Perish 8 and Google Scholar with journal indexes Sinta 1, Sinta 2 and Sinta 3 as well as reputable international journals over a period of 5 years starting in 2019-2024. Article collection was carried out using the keywords competency and accountability. The results of this study indicate that competency formed by intellectual and physical abilities affects accountability and transparency, especially in village governance. Inadequate competency in village officials can hinder effective fund allocation, impact accountability and risk misallocation of funds due to weak monitoring and evaluation systems. Human resources are the main asset, and increasing competency in financial management among village officials is related to increasing accountability, in line with management theory, which emphasizes responsible and honest governance.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of contractual budgeting and its impact on the development of government accounting system structure in Iraq. Amid the challenges facing the public sector in Iraq, the implementation of contract-based budgeting is considered essential to improve transparency, accountability, and efficiency in the management of state finances. This study used a survey approach to collect data from various government agencies in Iraq involved in budget planning and oversight. The results show that although the implementation of contractual budgeting can improve budget management and strengthen the government's accounting system, there are a number of barriers, including a lack of human resource capacity, information technology limitations, and regulatory discrepancies that still exist. This study recommends the need for policy updates and improved training and infrastructure to support the integration of contract-based budgeting in the government accounting structure in Iraq, to ensure the sustainability and effectiveness of public budget management

This research seeks to illustrate the effects of rate of exchange volatility on Iraq's trade balance .The report examines currency rates in Iraq from 2010 to 2022, including both official and parallel values. The study addresses the trade balance, encompassing exports and imports, and investigates the impact of exchange rate fluctuations on trade performance through the ARDL model. It demonstrates a direct relationship between the two variables and confirms the absence of autocorrelation issues. Formulating a series of results and recommendations.

This study aims to find out how Debt Default, Audit Tenure and Liquidity can affect the acceptance of the Going Concern Audit Opinion (Empirical Study on Manufacturing Companies in Various Industrial Sectors listed on the IDX for the 2019-2022 period). The sample in this study is Manufacturing Companies in the Various Industrial Sectors using the Purposive Sampling technique so that 26 companies with 4 years of observation (104 observation data) were obtained that met the criteria. The data used is in the form of secondary data obtained from the company's annual report through the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) website and the official website of the related company. Researchers use a quantitative approach to describe research problems through trend descriptions or being able to explain the relationship between variables. The analysis technique used in this study is data analysis using descriptive statistical analysis and logistic regression analysis with the help of SPSS 30 software.  The method of data collection is by means of documentation and literature study. The results of the study concluded that Debt Default significantly affected the acceptance of going concern audit opinions, while Tenure and Liquidity Audit did not significantly affect the acceptance of going concern audit opinions.

Transfer pricing remains a critical issue in international taxation, particularly for multinational corporations (MNCs). This paper assesses the effectiveness of transfer pricing mechanisms in managing intercompany transactions and ensuring compliance with international tax regulations. By reviewing case studies of large MNCs and conducting a cross-country comparison, the research evaluates the impact of transfer pricing rules on corporate profitability, tax avoidance, and the role of accountants in mitigating risks. The findings suggest that while transfer pricing helps MNCs optimize tax liabilities, it also raises ethical and transparency concerns that require stronger regulatory oversight.

The research aims to shed light on the role of accounting theory as one of the main subjects that have an active role in the intellectual skills and abilities of the students of the Department of Accounting and to provide a theoretical framework linking the subject of accounting theory and the intellectual skills and abilities of the students of the Department of Accounting and to indicate the relationship of correlation and influence between the subject of accounting theory and the intellectual skills and abilities of students of the Department of Accounting, and to provide recommendations and proposals to the organisation of the research sample regarding the subject of teaching accounting theory and its active role in the intellectual skills and abilities of students of the Department Accounting, the deductive and inductive approach was adopted in dealing with the research problem and proving its hypotheses in the theoretical aspect to achieve the objectives of the research and relying on the descriptive approach in the practical aspect, The research sample was represented by the students of the Department of Accounting at the College of Administration and Economics - University of Al-Qadisiyah for the year 2024, a questionnaire form was designed and distributed to the research sample and then collected and analysed statistically for the purpose of proving the research hypotheses and achieving the results The research reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is the information that there is a statistically significant correlation between accounting theory and the intellectual skills and abilities of students of the accounting department The strength of the correlation is characterised by being very strong and its value is (.636**), which is at a lower moral level From (0.01), which confirms the positive correlation of this research, the existence of a significant effect between the variables of the research and the value of the regression coefficient was (?) (.636), which confirms the positive impact of this research, and therefore the study recommends a set of recommendations, the most important of which is the development of the accounting theory approach adopted in the accounting department so that it is able to keep pace with the continuous development known by the reality of the profession, which enables the accountant to perform his tasks better and understand how to teach accounting theory in decision-making processes.

This research attempted to analyze the impact of financial and economic shocks in a number of developing countries that are similar in terms of the size of the economy and the diversity of its economic structure, as well as the similarity in the quality of the exchange systems used to demonstrate the extent of the monetary authorities’ ability to target inflation in light of the occurrence of shocks of various types and forms during the research period, in addition to This is an indication of the extent of the diversity of the economy and its connection to those shocks, as the oil sector constitutes a large portion of the gross domestic product of the countries of the research sample, with this being lower for the Emirati economy, and this matter made the Iraqi economy to be more affected by the economic crises and shocks that occurred during the period of the study compared to other economies. Saudi Arabia and the Emirates, where the Saudi economy comes in second place in terms of being affected by these shocks, followed by the Emirati economy, which had the least impact. The research variables (inflation, public revenues, and gross domestic product) were also closely linked to the occurrence of both positive and negative financial and economic shocks. When countries face a positive economic shock, the economic situation in the sample countries improves, and the research variables tend to increase, and vice versa when those countries face a shock. Negative, taking into account the varying rates of impact and response, especially with the UAE economy.

The study intends to define the idea of joint auditing, its significance and goals, and the allocation of audit responsibilities from the start of the audit process to the joint report's writing. It also seeks to elucidate the function of joint auditing in enhancing the caliber of the attributes of accounting data, which helps to provide high-quality information that benefits management and the beneficiaries of that information to make sound decisions that benefit the development of the institution's work for management and owners on the one hand and benefit investors on the other hand, as the study sample included a group of auditors In Iraq by creating and designing a questionnaire form and presenting it to a panel of arbitrators; data analysis was conducted using the statistical analysis software SPSS; and the findings were examined, an important role was reached for joint auditing in improving accounting information and the study recommended the need to adopt this type of audit method that increases users' confidence in accounting information.

The study aims to measure the information content of the accounting profits of banks listed on the Iraqi Stock Exchange, as the sample included 10 banks for a period of 4 years (2016-2019). The study concluded that banks that have a high explanatory ability reflect greater stability in the stock price, which would reassure Investors and stakeholders, thus reducing dispersion and fluctuations in the stock price, while banks with weak explanatory power show higher volatility in the stock price, which indicates additional risks that increase the fluctuation in investor returns, and the influencing factors have a major role in enhancing or reducing the information content of profits. Which explains the discrepancy between banks, and the study recommended the need to enhance the quality of financial disclosure, especially banks with weak explanatory capacity, increase transparency, and work to enhance the informational content of profits, which in turn increases investors’ confidence in accounting information, as well as encouraging banks to strengthen their internal control systems, which helps in Reducing accounting errors and the accuracy of declared profits, thus stabilizing the share price. Strengthening the administrative capabilities of executive managers contributes significantly to enhancing the informational content of profits by allocating the company’s available resources efficiently and effectively.

Purchase Decision is a decision to buy a product or brand you like, but two factors can arise between purchase intention and purchase decision. This research aims to determine the influence of online customer reviews, influencer endorsements and price perceptions on purchasing decisions. The type of research used in this research is quantitative research. In determining the research sample, the Slovin formula was used, where the number of samples obtained was 100 samples. Data was collected using a questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability and processed using SPPSS 26. Based on the partial test, the Online Customer Review variable had a positive and significant effect on the decision to purchase Eiger products in the Indonesian North Sumatra Climber Community. A value of t-count of 8.139 > 1.66 t-table was obtained, then the Endorsement Influencer variable had a positive and significant influence on Purchasing Decisions, a value of t-count of 2.169 > 1.66 t-table was obtained, and the Price Perception variable had a positive and significant influence on Purchase Decisions with a t-count value of 3.885 > 1.66 t-table . Simultaneous test results show that the online customer review (X1), influencer endorsement (X2) and price perception variables (X3) together have a positive and significant effect on the decision to purchase Eiger products in the Indonesian North Sumatra climbing community.

The research aimed to Emphasise the significance of the statement of cash flows developed by the International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC) and the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and Understand the concept of documented accounting information and Highlighting financial fraud and how to minimize it. The research problem was as follows from the fact that the financial statements, which do not contain the basic characteristics of accounting information, including reliability, will reduce the degree of reliance on them, which affects those lists prepared by financial institutions (banks) operating in Iraq that not taking into account the preparation of the cash flow statement will inevitably reduce the reliability of accounting information, resulting in misleading accounting outputs that will be a door to financial fraud in its various forms. Hence, the main research problem is the following question: Does enhancing the reliability of accounting information according to the preparation of the cash flow statement reduce financial fraud? The research reached many conclusions, the most important of which are International accounting standards can be said to be a written statement issued by an authorized body aimed at unifying and coordinating accounting treatments and policies to reach unified results for a set of financial transactions for ease of comparisons and understanding by the relevant parties. The statement of cash flows works to provide historical changes in financial institutions and others through and for a specific period of time and these flows are either operational, investment or financing for their various activities. The research reached many recommendations, the most important of which are: Emphasis on the different economic units to prepare a statement of cash flows because of the information it provides on historical changes in the different economic units and their quality, whether operational, investment or financing.

Behavioral economics has highlighted how cognitive biases influence financial decisionmaking, often leading to suboptimal outcomes. This paper explores the impact of behavioral biases such as overconfidence, loss aversion, and herding behavior on accounting and economic forecasting. By reviewing empirical evidence from market behavior, the study assesses how these biases affect financial reporting, auditing practices, and economic predictions. The paper concludes with recommendations for accountants and economists to incorporate behavioral insights into their practices to improve decisionmaking and forecasting accuracy.

The current study aims to identify the impact of ethical entrepreneurial leadership on theentrepreneurial orientation of SME owners in the Diwaniyah Governorate. According to the above, thestudy adopts a descriptive and analytical approach to its variables. The study sample consisted of agroup of SME ownwers , numbering (70) companies out of (90). The questionnaire forms was used asa essential tool for collecting data. The study were used many statistical methods such as standarddeviations, arithmetic mean , and structural equation modeling with the help of statistical programs(SPSS.var.24, Smart PLS). Theis exist study reached a set of useful conclusions and recommendations.Basically important of which is that the results of the statistical analysis showed that ethicalentrepreneurial leadership has a significant impact on entrepreneurial orientation.

Technology has become one of the important pillars on which organizations that want to succeed in their work depend, as well as those that seek to achieve a leading competitive advantage in their field of work. As they develop, institutions face decisions that require correct information, and the appropriate time for decision-making aims to analyze costs and explain the mechanisms used in the industrial sector in Iraq and the impact of implementing the enterprise resource planning system on the economy. And to display unit costs. Therefore, the complexity of business requires complex information systems that help make good management decisions effectively and efficiently and have a positive impact on financial and non-financial systems.

The rise of digital currencies such as Bitcoin and Ethereum has reshaped the landscape of global trade and financial transactions. This study investigates how digital currencies are influencing international accounting practices, focusing on the challenges and opportunities posed by this disruptive technology. By analyzing case studies from major economies, the paper explores the potential for blockchain to enhance transparency, streamline cross-border payments, and ensure better tax compliance. The findings suggest that while digital currencies provide efficiency gains, they also introduce regulatory and volatility risks that must be managed by accounting professionals globally.

The current research aims to measure the role of accounting information technology represented by (Perceived benefit, ease of use) in reducing tax evasion represented by (Fair distribution of tax burden, penalties and penalties, combating tax evasion, employees efficiency, economic conditions) among a sample of employees of tax departments in the Middle Euphrates region, the research has stood on an important problem, which was formulated under the question of the research (What is the role of accounting information technology in reducing tax evasion?),  In order to address the problem, two hypotheses were formulated, and the research relied on the descriptive analytical approach in measuring, describing and analyzing the research variables, and the research relied on the questionnaire tool in collecting the necessary data, As (150) questionnaires were distributed to the concerned tax department employees, and (137) questionnaires were retrieved, with (129) questionnaires valid for analysis and (8) damaged questionnaires. To analyze the results, the (SPSS&AMOS) package was used (V.28). The research summarized several findings, foremost of which was that accounting information technology has an impact in reducing tax evasion. Additionally, there is a high degree of use of accounting information technology in improving the capabilities of tax department employees in the Middle Euphrates region to reduce tax evasion. The research recommends the use of modern accounting information methods and techniques to combat tax evasion and ensure timely payment of taxes in the right place.

The percentage of Adequacy Flows Cash Operational and indicator Activity Operational and revenue on assets from the flow are two examples of cash flow events that help improve the quality of financial reporting. The research attempts to address the theoretical framework of the cash flow statement. According to the following premise, cash flow metrics have the potential to improve the quality of financial reporting. The Iraqi General Tax Authority for 2022 and 2023 serves as the study sample. The study came to several results, chief among them being that the cash flow list can offer Since these measures express the continuity of cash flows for the research sample, they would help improve the quality of financial reporting by measuring the quality of the sample's profits in a way that improves performance and is consistent with the variables supplementary the contemporary business environment for the research sample related to the Iraqi General Tax Authority.

Sustainability reporting has gained prominence worldwide, but its adoption in emerging economies faces significant barriers due to regulatory, financial, and institutional challenges. This paper examines the current state of sustainability accounting practices in emerging markets, focusing on the alignment of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and environmental, social, and governance (ESG) disclosures. The study also investigates the role of accountants in promoting transparency and standardization in sustainability reporting. The research highlights key issues such as lack of infrastructure, limited regulatory frameworks, and the need for capacity building in emerging economies.

Financial fraud has become a persistent issue with the rise of online transactions and digital platforms. This paper explores the evolving role of forensic accountants in identifying and preventing fraud in the digital age. Through case studies and recent examples of financial crimes, the study evaluates the effectiveness of forensic accounting techniques such as data analytics, digital forensics, and cyber risk assessment. The paper also discusses the regulatory landscape and suggests strategies for improving fraud detection through technological innovation in accounting.