This research identified the types of translation shifts in “Monster Pets: A Hotel Transylvania Short Film”. Qualitative research was employed as the research design. The data were collected using the observational method by (Sudaryanto, 2015) where the researchers closely observed and compared the original and translated versions of "Monster Pets: A Hotel Transylvania Short Film" to identify translation shifts. The data of translation shifts were analyzed using (Catford, 1965) theory of translation shifts. Finally, the outcome of this research were descriptive qualitative study. Through the analysis, three types of translation shifts were identified: level shifts, structure shifts, and unit shifts. A total of 16 data of translation shifts were examined, which included 1 data of level shifts, 8 data of structure shifts, and 7 data of unit shifts. Among the three types of shifts, structure shifts were the most dominant, indicated that changes in the grammatical structure were the most frequent translation strategy employed in adapting the dialogue from English to Indonesian. The findings highlighted the importance of structure shifts in the translation process of this particular source material.

This study aims to analyze the effect of critical thinking ability, learning independence, and mutual cooperation attitude in the P5 dimension of the Merdeka Curriculum on the learning achievement of IPAS class V UPT SPF SDN Inpres Perumnas I Makassar students, both partially and simultaneously. This study used a quantitative approach with a total sampling method, involving the entire population of 40 students from two classes. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using multiple regression, t-test, and F-test with the help of SPSS 26. The results showed that partially, critical thinking ability (X1), student learning independence (X2), and mutual cooperation attitude (X3) had a positive and significant influence on IPAS learning achievement (Y). Simultaneously, the three variables also jointly influence student learning achievement.This finding confirms that the P5 dimension in the Merdeka Curriculum, especially in the aspects of critical thinking, learning independence, and mutual cooperation, plays an important role in improving students' IPAS learning achievement. Therefore, implementing learning strategies that encourage these three aspects can be an effective step in improving the quality of education in elementary schools

This study looks at the elements of love as they are presented in Jan Hurst’s novel “His Sunrise, My Sunset.” This descriptive qualitative research follows the romance that Jan Hurst had with her husband, whom she had known since they were teenagers. After that, they were blessed with two children and eventually got married, but ultimately, death kept them apart. The researcher used library research techniques on books and journal articles that were pertinent to the theory and the primary data source, which is the novel, in order to obtain information for the study. In addition, the researcher employed descriptive qualitative methodologies to analyze the gathered data. Every piece of data that was collected was examined using Erich Fromm’s 1956 theory. According to Fromm’s idea, “The Art of Loving,” love is an active force that needs knowledge and practice to be maintained. According to Fromm, four elements need to be developed in order to sustain the love you wish to cultivate: care, responsibility, respect, and knowledge. Love is nothing more than an empty emotion that will eventually pass away without these four elements. The study’s findings clearly demonstrate that the foundation of the love shared by the primary characters, Jan Hurst and her husband Steve Hurst, is care, responsibility, respect, and knowledge. In the end, words, sentences, and paragraphs are used to narratively explain each of the study’s findings.

The Republic of Indonesia is a constitutional state, as specified in Article 1, Paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution. As a nation that upholds the rule of law as the highest authority in its governmental system, the existence of the Judiciary plays a central role as an absolute requirement for upholding the supremacy of law to ensure justice. According to the provisions of Article 24, Paragraph (2), the Supreme Court and the Constitutional Court are institutions with the highest authority in enforcing law and justice in accordance with the mandate of the Constitution. The 2024 Indonesian Presidential and Vice-Presidential Election, also known as the 2024 Presidential Election, is the fifth such election in Indonesia to choose the President and Vice President of the Republic of Indonesia. The results of this election triggered various reactions from different groups. Criticism of the results, particularly from opposing candidates, was not uncommon. This debate occurred not only among political elites but also within the broader community. The purpose of this study is to examine the factors influencing the Constitutional Court's decision regarding the results of the 2024 Presidential Election and its impact on Indonesia's political and legal systems. This research employs a normative juridical legal approach, using library research as the primary data source. The study reveals that in resolving disputes over the 2024 Presidential Election results, the Constitutional Court considered valid and relevant evidence, despite dissenting opinions from some judges. The decision's impact-both in terms of the winner's legitimacy and public perception-can either enhance or deteriorate public views on the quality of Indonesia's democracy. This research is expected to provide deeper insights into the role of the Constitutional Court in safeguarding electoral integrity, addressing political controversies, and its implications for Indonesia's future political system.

This study aims to analyse the role of the Social Studies Teacher Forum in improving pedagogical competence, teacher professionalism, and innovation in Social Studies learning at the UPT SPF SMP Negeri 4 Makassar. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive design. The research subjects consisted of the principal, the head of the subject teachers’ working group, and four social studies teachers who were also members of the subject teachers’ working group. Data collection was carried out through interviews, observations, and documentation, with data analysis including data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions/verification. The results showed that the teacher forum contributed to improving teachers’ pedagogical competence through understanding the material, preparing lesson plans, and evaluating learning. However, the effectiveness of the Teacher Forum depends on the active participation of teachers and school support. In addition, the Teacher Forum also plays a role in improving teachers' professional competence, especially in mastering subject matter, utilising technology, and developing continuous professionalism. Nevertheless, the active participation of teachers and school support is essential to maximise the benefits of the Teacher Forum. The Teacher Forum also encourages innovation in social studies learning, but its success is influenced by teacher involvement, school support, and student readiness. Therefore, more concrete efforts are needed to optimise the role of the teacher forum in developing innovative learning strategies.

The goal of this research is to determine how the legal position of Singapore returning Flight Information Region (FIR) over the Riau Islands is founded on international law, which is the basis for delegating authority to Singapore to manage FIR over the Riau Islands. International legal recognition of sovereignty in airspace is contained in Article 1 of the 1919 Paris Convention, which states that "The contracting States recognize that every state has complete and exclusive sovereignty over the airspace above its territory". Indonesia has the authority to manage the airspace, which is divided into two Flight Information Regions (FIR), which are managed by two air traffic service centers, the Jakarta Air Traffic Service Center for the Jakarta FIR, which covers an area of 2,593,150 km2, and the Makassar Air Traffic Service Center for the Ujung Pandang FIR, which covers an area of 4,946,543 km2. Yet, the management of FIR in these areas has never been within the control of the domestic government since Indonesia's independence. Based on international law, a judicial examination was conducted to examine Indonesia's agreement with Singapore over the takeover of the airspace service or flight information region (FIR) over the Riau Archipelago area. According to the research findings, certain articles in the FIR Agreement are quite burdensome to Indonesia. And this agreement must be thoroughly examined to determine whether it favors Indonesia or vice versa.

The legal landscape of interfaith marriage in Indonesia presents a complex challenge that intersects social dynamics, legal frameworks, and cultural diversity. This research aims to critically analyze the existing legal system governing interfaith marriages, exploring the fundamental tensions between legal norms and social realities. Through a comprehensive socio-legal methodology, the study investigates the intricate challenges of harmonizing marriage laws in a pluralistic society.The research employs a mixed-method approach, combining normative juridical analysis with empirical social research. Extensive document analysis, comparative legal studies, and expert interviews provide a nuanced understanding of the current legal and social complexities surrounding interfaith marriages. The study examines the interactions between state law, religious norms, and customary traditions that shape marriage regulations in Indonesia.Key findings reveal significant gaps between legislative provisions and social practices, highlighting the urgent need for a more adaptive and inclusive legal framework. The research identifies multiple challenges, including jurisdictional conflicts, individual rights protection, and the complex interplay of different normative systems. Theoretical foundations draw from legal certainty theory, legal pluralism, and social justice theory to construct a comprehensive analytical framework.The study proposes innovative approaches to legal harmonization, emphasizing the delicate balance between maintaining legal certainty and accommodating social realities. Recommendations include developing more flexible legal mechanisms, enhancing inter-institutional dialogue, and creating regulatory frameworks that recognize the dynamic nature of social relationships and individual rights in contemporary Indonesian society.Ultimately, the research demonstrates that effective legal harmonization requires a holistic approach that bridges the gap between formal legal structures and the lived experiences of individuals navigating interfaith marriages. By providing a critical analysis of the current legal landscape, the study contributes to broader discussions on legal pluralism, social justice, and individual rights in Indonesia.

This study aims to: (1) describe the level of creativity in Grade X students at SMKS Muhammadiyah Bungoro, (2) examine the implementation of the Project-Based Learning (PBL) model in the classroom, and (3) analyze the improvement in students’ collaborative skills through PBL. The research employs a Classroom Action Research (CAR) method conducted in two cycles, each consisting of planning, action implementation, observation, and reflection. The study involved 25 Grade X students at SMKS Muhammadiyah Bungoro. Data collection techniques included observation, documentation, and interviews, with qualitative data analysis presented in percentage form. The findings indicate that: (1) students' creativity was initially low based on preliminary observations, (2) the implementation of PBL in the IPAS subject significantly enhanced students' creativity, showing improvement in all measured indicators, and (3) the PBL model also improved students' collaborative skills, increasing from 48% in the pre-cycle to 53.85% in Cycle I and 83.65% in Cycle II, surpassing the expected 80% threshold in the "collaborative" category. These findings highlight the effectiveness of PBL in fostering creativity and collaboration among students.

This study assesses how campaign propaganda affected Nigeria's post-election government and the results of the 2015 presidential election. It examines in detail how ethno-religious campaigns The winning party's policy orientation, the victory of an opposition party, and the rational voting decisions of individuals were all influenced by the messaging of the two main political parties. To accomplish their goal of garnering more votes, politicians from all over the world adorn their language in distinctive ways to give their message more impact and force. Repetition, promise, colloquialism, word coinages, pidginized, and metaphorical language are some ways that rhetoric and propaganda can embody this. The figurative terms' denotative and connotative meanings are examined. It is believed that hyperbole, rhetorical inquiries, and rude remarks are characteristics of propaganda as a subset of this register. Therefore, political actors and foreign interests willingly used the media to disseminate divisive views. and a smear campaign against alleged rivals. Evidence suggests that the winning party has not significantly fulfilled its electoral promises five years after political ascendancy, despite the fact that campaign propaganda containing hate speech and dubious information helped an incumbent lose the 2015 Nigerian presidential election.

Incidents of sexual violence in Batam City continue to pose a serious concern for both the government and the local community, demanding immediate and comprehensive responses. Despite various efforts by the government to address this issue, the prevalence of such incidents highlights the need for more effective prevention, intervention, and legal action. This article aims to assess the government's legal handling of sexual violence cases in Batam City, focusing on the legal framework and strategic actions designed to address the problem. By utilizing a legal analytical approach, this study will explore the measures implemented by the government to combat sexual violence, evaluate the role of the law in protecting victims, and analyze how the judicial system penalizes offenders. Furthermore, the article will discuss the collaboration between government authorities and the community in enhancing public awareness and addressing the root causes of sexual violence. The research emphasizes the importance of both preventative strategies and efficient legal processes to create a safer environment for all residents. The findings of this study aim to contribute to the broader discourse on combating sexual violence and improving legal responses in urban settings, with a particular focus on Batam City.

This article investigates the role of legal frameworks in safeguarding the welfare of elderly populations, particularly in cases of financial abuse, healthcare, and elder neglect. By examining elderly care policies from various countries, the study evaluates the effectiveness of laws designed to protect the rights and dignity of older adults. Findings suggest that comprehensive elderly care policies, including legal protections and support systems, are essential for preventing abuse and ensuring quality of life.

This article examines the legal protections in place for children in foster care systems, focusing on issues such as stability, mental health support, and legal representation. By reviewing foster care policies in several countries, the study assesses how well these policies uphold children's rights and meet their emotional and developmental needs. Findings reveal gaps in foster care protections, suggesting that more consistent standards are necessary to ensure children's welfare.

Changes in the health insurance system in Indonesia continue to evolve, one of which is implementing the Standard Inpatient Class (KRIS) policy as a replacement for the BPJS Health class system based on Presidential Regulation (Perpres) Number 59 of 2024. This policy is designed to unify healthcare classes to reduce disparities in healthcare access and quality in Indonesia. However, its implementation is faced with key challenges, including hospital infrastructure readiness, limited human resources, and criticism from various parties, including patients and healthcare providers. This study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods to review various policy documents, relevant literature, and legal and social perspectives related to policy implementation. The results show that although KRIS has the potential to reduce disparities in access to health services, its implementation requires more attention to the readiness of health facilities, strengthening management systems, and budget adjustments to support optimal operations. Furthermore, this policy requires the active involvement of the community and health workers in the evaluation and decision-making process so that the policy is more responsive to the real needs in the field. The theoretical approaches used, such as public policy theory and progressive law, highlight the importance of cooperation between the government, healthcare providers, and communities to ensure effective and equitable implementation of KRIS. This research suggests improving hospital infrastructure, continuous training for health workers, and strengthening a transparent monitoring system to ensure the success of this policy. This research is expected to make a positive contribution to the formulation of health policies that are more inclusive and sustainable and can serve as a reference in efforts to realize a more equitable and fair health service system for all Indonesians.

In the era of globalization and digital transformation, organizations face new challenges in managing cultural diversity and technological complexity. Leaders are required to quickly adapt to the ever-changing global dynamics while fostering synergy within multicultural teams. This article aims to analyze how Cultural Intelligence (CQ) and digital technology can be integrated into a multiplication leadership model to enhance the effectiveness of global organizations. Using a qualitative approach based on literature studies, this research explores the three main dimensions of CQ—cognitive, motivational, and behavioral—as well as the application of digital technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Big Data, and virtual communication in leadership development. The findings indicate that leaders with high levels of CQ are more effective in leading multicultural teams and building harmonious cross-cultural connections. Meanwhile, the use of digital technology accelerates decision-making processes, mentoring, and collaboration within flexible and dynamic organizational structures. The integration of cultural intelligence and digital technology results in an adaptive, collaborative, and innovative leadership model. Examples of the implementation of this model in global companies such as Microsoft, Tesla, and Airbnb further reinforce the findings. This article provides practical contributions for organizations in designing training strategies and leadership models based on CQ and digital leadership to face global challenges more effectively and sustainably.
 

The digitalization of public services improves efficiency, openness, and accessibility, particularly in the administration of public grievances. Information and communication technology facilitates effective, rapid, and responsive complaint resolution while safeguarding user data security. This strategy promotes public engagement using digital channels, including web applications, social media, and unified online complaint mechanisms. Nonetheless, issues such as the digital divide, technological proficiency, and infrastructure preparedness must be resolved. This study utilizes a literature review methodology, employing documentation methodologies and content analysis. The results indicate that the use of e-Government in Indonesia has markedly enhanced the efficiency, openness, and accountability of public services. The use of technology enhances the administration of public grievances in accordance with principles of good governance and current rules. However, issues with infrastructure, human resources, and community engagement remain. To optimize its beneficial effects, initiatives should concentrate on improving technology infrastructure, advancing human resource skills, and amplifying public awareness of the advantages of e-Government. These approaches intend to enhance the system's efficacy in providing high-quality and responsive public services.

This study explores the financial implications of divorce, focusing on spousal support and asset division policies in family law. By analyzing case studies and legal frameworks from different countries, the research examines how equitable asset division and fair spousal support can impact financial security post-divorce. Findings suggest that well-structured financial provisions are essential for supporting financial independence and stability for individuals post-divorce.

This quantitative research investigates the influence of Family Economics, Learning Facilities, and Student Guardians on the Science Learning Attitudes of fourth-grade students at SDN Barombong. Using a saturated sampling method, the study involved 85 students from three classes. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using multiple regression, t-tests, and F-tests via SPSS 26. The results show that Family Economics, Learning Facilities, and Student Guardians each have a positive and significant effect on students’ science learning attitudes. Collectively, these variables significantly influence learning attitudes, with Family Economics emerging as the most dominant factor. The findings highlight the critical role of socio-economic and educational support factors in shaping student attitudes toward science learning in primary education.

This study aims to analyze: (1) the influence of student discipline on noble behavior in the P5 dimension of IPAS learning among Grade IV students at SDN 112 Inpres Turikale, Maros; (2) the influence of student character on noble behavior in the P5 dimension of IPAS learning; (3) the influence of student creativity on noble behavior in the P5 dimension of IPAS learning; and (4) whether student discipline, character, and creativity simultaneously influence noble behavior in the P5 dimension of IPAS learning. This research employs a quantitative approach with a total population of 29 Grade IV students at SDN 112 Inpres Turikale, Maros, using total sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed using multiple regression analysis, t-test, and F-test with SPSS 26. The findings indicate that (1) student discipline (X1) has a positive and significant effect on noble behavior; (2) student character (X2) has a positive and significant effect on noble behavior; (3) student creativity (X3) has a positive and significant effect on noble behavior; and (4) student discipline, character, and creativity collectively influence noble behavior (Y) in Grade IV students at SDN 112 Inpres Turikale, Maros. These findings highlight the importance of fostering discipline, character, and creativity in enhancing students' noble behavior.

This study investigates the influence of learning motivation, student discipline, and ethics on sixth-grade students’ learning attitudes in IPAS at UPT SPF SD Negeri Ujung Tanah 1 Makassar. Employing a quantitative approach with a saturated sample of 65 students, data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed through multiple linear regression with SPSS 26. The results demonstrate that motivation, discipline, and ethics each positively and significantly affect students’ learning attitudes. Simultaneously, these variables jointly influence learning attitudes significantly. Among them, student ethics was identified as the most dominant predictor. These findings suggest that fostering ethical behavior and enhancing motivation and discipline is critical in shaping positive learning attitudes among elementary students in the context of IPAS.

Building agreement and influencing public opinion need effective communication. As a means of expressing ideas, language creates emotions that are used for political advantages during an electoral campaign. Human existence and the maintenance of connections depend on communication, a complex process. In actuality, human interactions are lubricated by this substance. Despite its importance, communication has two sides and can be applied either favorably or unfavorably. From the standpoint of its capacity for complexity, Boulton (2019, p. 41) pointed to the negative social intent of language. She also noted that language is frequently employed to deceive rather than to communicate. Human existence and the maintenance of connections depend on communication, a complex process. In actuality, human interactions are lubricated by this substance. Despite its importance, communication has two sides and can be applied either favorably or unfavorably. According to Boulton (1978, p. 41), from the standpoint of language's capacity for complexity to the detrimental societal intent of language. She also noted that language is frequently employed to deceive rather than to communicate. Therefore, this discourse examines how the political advertisement "See who wants to be President of Nigeria" exposed ignorance and ineptitude as unacceptable in a moral and democratic society such as Nigeria. It is a political communication activity that uses word choice and language as a means of rejecting a candidate in the April 2015 Nigerian presidential election.

This study investigates the impact of parental leave policies on family well-being and work-life balance. By comparing parental leave durations, compensation rates, and eligibility criteria across various countries, the research explores how different policies affect parental mental health, family bonding, and gender equality in the workplace. Findings suggest that comprehensive parental leave policies contribute to stronger family bonds and reduced stress, benefiting both parents and children.

This study uses a qualitative methodology and secondary source data to investigate election cheating and its impact on Nigeria's democratic consolidation. It will be examined using historical and content analysis. examination. Nigerian democracy's progress has been severely hampered by election tampering. According to the report, e-election holds enormous promise and might be the solution to voter fraud in Nigeria's electoral system provided it is properly deployed and funded. It starts by looking at the constitutional, legal, and theoretical underpinnings of electronic voting. Second, it examines the real-world obstacles to the adoption and deployment of an electronic voting system in Nigeria by learning from other countries. Nigeria's elections have fallen short of expectations thus far because of a variety of electoral manipulations that have prevented the nation from holding legitimate, free, and fair elections within her political system. In addition to undermining Nigeria's democratic consolidation, election cheating has breached the fundamental human right (right to lives) of a large number of Nigerians. This essay offers some crucial suggestions that could solve the issues of election tampering and explain how those actions can support the need for a democratic atmosphere, which is a need for free and fair elections.

This paper systematically reviews the drivers of work-family enrichment and job enrichment within the 2019–2024 timeframe from a philosophical perspective. The study employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach, utilizing Publish or Perish and the Scopus database to identify and evaluate relevant papers. The article's key conclusions indicate that the ontological review conceptualizes work-family balance as a complex interplay between enrichment and conflict, which can significantly impact each employee's well-being. The epistemology review focuses on the study's use of a theoretical framework and methodology. The axiology examines how these two concepts enhance employee psychology, work engagement, and career achievement, as well as their positive impact on job satisfaction. The findings of the philosophical analysis, which may be influenced by specific viewpoints, highlight the research gap. To improve the well-being of both the organization and its employees, this article provides recommendations for future research and organizational practices.

Intergovernmental relations and local government performance in Nigeria's Imo State were the subjects of this study. Secondary data was gathered by reviewing textbooks, journals, magazines, online resources, and published and unpublished materials. Primary data was gathered by administering questionnaires to 270 respondents, who were selected from a sample population of 30 employees from each of the nine (9) local governments, three of which were chosen from each senatorial zone. According to the report, intergovernmental connections make sure that the various governmental levels use human and material resources effectively and efficiently. In a true federalism, it fosters the development of cooperation rather than rivalry. However, local governments lack sufficient funds, particularly from the state government. The effectiveness of local government is impacted by the usage of Transition Committees, Caretaker Committees, and even Sole Administrators. The researcher suggested that in order to address the irregularities, local governments should have elected governing bodies, practice true federalism, apply the rule of law principle, have their constitutionally specified areas of jurisdiction, and grant local governments autonomy. All of the aforementioned will guarantee that Imo State's local governments operate effectively

This study explores the role of the Pujakesuma organization in instilling humanitarian values and improving social justice in Teladan Barat Village through the Warung Nusantara program. The community in this area, which is mostly from the lower middle class, faces challenges in meeting basic needs due to inflation and price fluctuations. Through Warung Nusantara, Pujakesuma provides basic necessities at affordable prices, helps the underprivileged and strengthens social solidarity. The research method used is qualitative descriptive, with data collection through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study show that this program not only provides access to basic needs, but also educates the community about caring and solidarity. In addition, Pujakesuma serves as a role model for other organizations in improving social justice. However, the main challenge is gathering members who are willing to contribute voluntarily. This study is expected to provide insights for stakeholders to develop similar initiatives that are more effective.

Through the Governance Network, the government has a great possibility to reach problems more closely by utilizing the advantages of the network and developing innovative ideas to overcome public problems and improve the quality of services and public policies. One of the problems is the food security policy. This study uses the concept of Social Network Theory (Klijn & Koppenjan) which looks at the structure in the policy implementation network, namely the aspects of contact, trust, information sharing, and resource exchange as well as how to coordinate between actors in the food security policy implementation network in West Papua Province. The results of the study show that the relationship and participation of actors in the network have not run optimally. This can be seen from the structure in the network which includes trust, information sharing, and resource exchange has not been optimal. Meanwhile, contact from the structure in the network has been carried out well, with the formation of policy tools. Coordination in the food security policy implementation network uses the type of mutual adjustment coordination. The implementation of the Food Security Policy in the Perspective of the Governance Network has not been effective.

Corporate crime is one of the activities or activities that arise in line with rapid developments in the economic and technological fields. The development of the position of corporations as business institutions is increasingly strengthening, making corporations as legal subjects dominate economic life without government control. One of the corporate violations that frequently occurs today is song copyright infringement. Violations that have a major impact on the music business, especially on songwriters as owners of original works . The law that regulates copyright infringement is Law Number 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright. Copyright is an exclusive right for the creator or recipient of the right to publish or reproduce his creation or work by giving permission to do so without prejudice to restrictions according to applicable laws and regulations. The method used in this research is a normative legal research method which examines laws and regulations in a society's legal system relating to corporate responsibility as a legal subject for violations of song copyright . The data collection method is qualitative descriptive analysis with emphasis on literature study. The aim of this research is to determine the factors that cause corporations as legal subjects to violate song copyright and the responsibility of corporations as legal subjects to violate song copyright.
 

The handling of the crime of sexual intercourse and molestation of minors is a crucial issue that requires serious attention from various parties. The background of this study is the high rate of sexual violence against minors in the Barelang Police area and the need to evaluate the implementation of victim protection in this context. The purpose of this study is to analyze the implications of victim protection in handling the crime of sexual intercourse and molestation of minors in the Barelang Police, as well as to identify obstacles and efforts made to improve this protection. The research method used is normative juridical through library research using secondary data, and also uses an empirical juridical approach through field research using primary data collected through interviews with law enforcement officials, psychologists, victims, and victims' families. Secondary data was obtained from official documents of the Barelang Police, case reports, and related literature. Data analysis was carried out using qualitative descriptive methods to provide a comprehensive picture of the condition of victim protection and its implications. The results of the study show that although there are serious efforts by the Barelang Police in providing protection to victims, there are several significant obstacles that reduce the effectiveness of these protections. The main obstacles include a lack of adequate psychological assistance, lengthy and convoluted legal processes, a lack of public awareness, and ineffective coordination between related institutions. The implications of these barriers include prolonged psychological suffering for victims, a decline in public trust in the justice system, and a lack of justice for victims. Suggestions given to overcome these obstacles include: capacity building and training of law enforcement officials, education and awareness campaigns in the community, and strengthening victim protection systems and facilities by the government. It is hoped that with the implementation of these suggestions, victim protection can be improved, so that justice and welfare for children victims of sexual violence can be realized more optimally.

The crime of corruption is one part of a special crime in addition to having certain specifications that are different from general crimes. White Collar Crime is a term applied to people who wear ties who have high intelligence and commit criminal acts of corruption. As we all know, corruption is an extraordinary crime. Not only because it costs the state money, but it has an impact on all development programs, the low quality and quality of education, the low quality of facilities, equipment and infrastructure, as well as the problem of poverty that has not been addressed. Corruptors have taken away people's rights, human rights, and are against humanity. The principles of democracy which uphold transparency, accountability and integrity, as well as the security and stability of the Indonesian nation are threatened due to corruption crimes. Many corruptors who have been found guilty by the court and undergoing training in correctional institutions can quickly return to society because they have obtained their rights as correctional inmates, one of which is obtaining the conditional release program. The role of the Medan Class I Correctional Center is needed to realize the effectiveness of mentoring clients for criminal acts of corruption who are undergoing conditional release so that they can be accepted in society. Guidance provided to clients who have committed criminal acts of corruption must be carried out under supervision to determine the effectiveness of each guidance program provided until the guidance is finally terminated.

The research entitled Juridical Analysis of the Sale and Purchase of Plots of Land That Have Not Been Certified in Kampung Tengah Nongsa, Batam City, the problem is How is the Legal Regulation of the Sale and Purchase of Land Plots that have not been certified, How is the Implementation of the Sale and Purchase of Plots of Land that have not been certified and What are the factors that become obstacles to the practice of buying and selling land plots that have not been certified in Kampung Tengah Nongsa, Batam City. This research method uses empirical legal research methods using qualitative techniques and the approach used in this research is a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. To obtain primary data, this was done by means of in-depth interviews (depth interviews). From the research results, it is known that the legal regulations governing the practice of buying and selling land that has not been certified are contained in the Civil Code in articles 1457 and 1458. Apart from that, there are also regulations for buying and selling land according to Customary Law, Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997 concerning Registration Land, Land Management Rights by the Batam Authority as regulated in Presidential Decree Number 41 of 1973 concerning the Batam Island Industrial Area and Arrangements for Transfer of Land Rights and Permits for Transfer of Land Rights as regulated in the Regulation of the Head of the Batam Free Trade Zone and Free Port Concession Agency Number 27 of 2017 concerning Implementation of Land Allocation. The factor that is an obstacle in the practice of buying and selling plots of land that have not been certified in Kampung Tengah Nongsa, Batam City is that the community believes that the Plot Certificate and Land Sale and Purchase Agreement in the form of a Grant Letter are proof of legal ownership and are guaranteed by law, so that sometim

Pakistan's legal landscape is characterized by a complex interplay of various legal systems, including Islamic law (Sharia) and secular legal frameworks inherited from colonial legacies. This paper seeks to explore the dynamics of legal pluralism in Pakistan, focusing on the coexistence and interaction of Islamic law and secular legal systems within the country's judiciary and legal institutions. Through a comparative analysis, the paper aims to examine the historical evolution, sources, principles, and application of both Islamic law and secular legal systems in Pakistan, shedding light on their respective roles, conflicts, and accommodations within the Pakistani legal framework. Additionally, the paper will critically assess the challenges and opportunities posed by legal pluralism in Pakistan, particularly in terms of ensuring justice, rule of law, and human rights in a diverse and rapidly changing society.

Law enforcement against the Self-Interest Terminal (TUKS) in Tanjung Pinang City is an important issue in the context of shipping safety and environmental protection. The background of this research is based on various violations that occur in the field, such as lack of facility maintenance, non-fulfillment of safety standards, and environmental pollution, which shows the absence of suboptimal law enforcement by the Tanjung Pinang Class II Port Authority (KSOP). The purpose of this study is to assist the legal arrangements that regulate TUKS, identify obstacles in law enforcement, and provide suggestions to overcome these obstacles to improve the effectiveness of law enforcement. The research method used is a normative juridical approach with an analysis of applicable laws and regulations, including Law No. 17 of 2008 concerning Shipping, Law No. 32 of 2014 concerning Marine Affairs, and Regulation of the Minister of Transportation Number PM 51 of 2011. In addition, an empirical juridical approach is carried out by interviews and observations to obtain empirical data on the application of law enforcement. The results of the study show that law enforcement by KSOP Class II Tanjung Pinang faces several significant obstacles, such as limited human resources and facilities, lack of coordination between agencies, complicated bureaucratic related procedures, and low awareness and compliance of companies with applicable regulations. These obstacles result in the supervision and enforcement of violations in TUKS not running effectively. To overcome these obstacles, this study suggests several strategic steps. First, increase the capacity and resources of KSOP by increasing protected labor and providing modern equipment. Second, strengthen coordination between agencies through the formation of special forums or committees and the implementation of bureaucratic procedures to accelerate the handling of violations. Third, increasing the awareness and presence of the company through socialization and education programs and involving the public in reporting violations. For this reason, it is recommended to increase the allocation of resources, strengthen coordination between related agencies through the formation of forums or special committees, the community, especially companies that operate TUKS, must actively participate in socialization and education programs organized by KSOP Class II Tanjungpinang and the government and for the Civil Servant Investigator Position to be included in the Position Map within the Technical Implementation Unit of the Directorate General of Sea Transportation of the Ministry Transportation at KSOP Class II Tanjungpnang.
 
 

Investment is an essential instrument for capitalist countries to boost the national economy and create job opportunities for the community. Investment in Indonesia began with Foreign Investment Law No. 56 of 1964, which was later updated with Foreign Investment Law No. 25 of 2007 in line with the times. To increase investor interest in entering Indonesia, the government enacted Job Creation Law No. 11 of 2020, which was further updated through the Job Creation Law up to 2023. Due to the complexity and increasing number of investors facing obstacles such as land acquisition and regional policies, a Presidential Regulation on National Strategic Projects (PSN) was issued. The government's hopes and expectations for smooth investor operations do not always align with implementation. Specifically, PSNs often result in agrarian conflicts for local residents whose land is taken over for PSN purposes. In the context of investment in Batam, particularly the Rempang Eco-City Development Plan in the Rempang-Galang area, clashes occurred and drew national attention and concern from various experts when land measurements began by PT MEG, escorted by the Joint Team comprising police, TNI, and the Ditpam Batam Management Agency (BP Batam). They have not reached an agreement but are already being pushed for swift execution. The obstacles to investment in the PSN Rempang Eco-City include conflicts arising from legal uncertainties over land ownership since the administrative change from Bintan Selatan District to Batam City, becoming Galang District since 1980. Represented by their legal counsel LBH GP Asnhor, they demand legal certainty over their ancestral land to be issued certificates, enabling fair and humane compensation. This demand has been submitted to President Joko Widodo regarding the request for land legality for the villages on Rempang Island, Galang Island, and New Galang Island on behalf of the chairman of the Local Indigenous People's Relatives (KERAMAT) Gerisman Ahmad. Due to these obstacles and conflicts, the central government, through President Joko Widodo, issued Presidential Regulation No. 78 of 2023 on Handling Social Community Impacts in the Context of Land Provision for National Development. However, as of July 2024, there has not been a comprehensive agreement between the community, the Batam City government, and the head of BP Batam. The government is taking a softer approach by personally approaching residents to relocate to Tanjung Banon, where four model houses have been provided as promised incentives for those willing to move.

The aim of this research is to provide an overview of the implementation of agenda setting in the formation of Salamrejo Village Regulation Number 7 of 2016 concerning the Anniversary of Salamrejo Village, Kapanewon Sentolo , Kulon Progo Regency. The research method used a qualitative descriptive method, namely an effort to collect, compile and interpret existing data and then analyze the data. The research concluded that the agenda setting process began with a more " jagongan " discussion between the Village Head, community leaders, Village Consultative Body, Salamrejo District Community Empowerment Institution, Family Welfare Empowerment and Karang Taruna , followed by meetings, team formation and subsequent literature studies. make a decree called the Salamrejo District Anniversary Village Regulation which is used as a guideline in carrying out activities so that the Government Work Plan (RKP) in the use of the Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBDES) can be accounted for.

Traffic accident law enforcement is a crucial element in efforts to improve justice and road safety in Indonesia. In the jurisdiction of the Tanjung Pinang Police, the problem of traffic accidents is a serious concern considering the high number of accidents that occur every year. This study aims to identify obstacles that hinder the optimization of traffic accident law enforcement and formulate effective solutions to overcome these obstacles. The research method used is a qualitative method with a case study approach. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with law enforcement officials, document analysis, and direct observation on the ground. Data analysis was carried out descriptively to understand the dynamics of traffic accident law enforcement in this region. The results of the study show that there are four main obstacles in traffic accident law enforcement at the Tanjung Pinang Police: limited human resources and equipment, lack of socialization and education about traffic safety, legal culture that has not been well formed in the community, and coordination between law enforcement agencies that is not optimal. Limited resources cause case handling to be less efficient, while the lack of socialization and education results in low public awareness of the importance of obeying traffic rules. In addition, the weak legal culture makes people reluctant to report accidents or provide information as witnesses. Poor coordination between the police, prosecutor's office, and the courts slows down the case resolution process. To overcome these obstacles, this study suggests increasing the allocation of resources and ongoing training for law enforcement officials, intensifying education and socialization programs on traffic safety to the public, applying a restorative justice approach to build public trust in the law, as well as the formation of joint working teams and the use of integrated information systems to improve coordination between institutions. With these steps, it is hoped that traffic accident law enforcement can run more effectively and efficiently, so that justice and road safety in Tanjung Pinang can be achieved.
 

The issuance of a Sailing Approval Letter (SPB) by the Office of Municipal Affairs and Port Authority (KSOP) is a crucial process that ensures that ships operating in Indonesian waters meet safety and seaworthiness requirements in accordance with applicable maritime regulations. This study was conducted against the background of the importance of SPB in providing legal certainty for all parties involved in shipping, as well as various obstacles faced in the issuance process at the Batam Special KSOP. This study aims to analyze juridically the procedure for issuing SPB in the Batam Special KSOP in order to obtain legal certainty, identify existing obstacles, and offer relevant solutions. The research methods used are normative juridical and empirical sociology. The normative juridical approach is carried out by analyzing related laws and regulations, such as Law Number 17 of 2008 concerning Shipping, Government Regulation Number 51 of 2002 concerning Shipping, and Regulation of the Minister of Transportation Number 39 of 2017 concerning Registration and Nationality of Ships. An empirical sociological approach is carried out through direct observation and interviews with KSOP officers, ship operators, and other related parties to get a practical picture of the implementation of SPB issuance in the field. The results of the study show that although the procedure for issuing SPB at the Batam Special KSOP is in accordance with applicable regulations, there are various obstacles such as limited human resources and equipment, ineffective coordination between agencies, and non-compliance of ship operators with regulations. To overcome these obstacles, efforts are needed to increase resource capacity, invest in technology, and improve coordination between agencies. Suggestions given include: (1) Batam Special KSOP needs to increase the number and skills of officers through training and recruitment, (2) The government should provide a budget for investment in modern equipment and technology, and (3) the community, especially ship operators, should increase compliance with regulations through participation in socialization and education programs. Thus, it is hoped that the SPB issuance process can run more effectively and efficiently, providing better legal certainty for all parties involved.
 
 

Environmental pollution that exceeds quality standards is often carried out by corporations. Law enforcement in the environmental sector, in addition to resolution through administrative law, also through the application of criminal law. In recent developments, law enforcement in the environmental sector has moved closer to a premium remedy . This research aims to analyze feasibility effective application of law in the environmental sector through normative legal research or library legal research using a juridical approach. In this research, it can be concluded that by implementing administrative sanctions against corporations, we should also apply criminal law to corporations that have repeatedly polluted the environment, so that the aim of the law, namely justice, can be accepted by the living creatures affected by it.
 

Today's crimes are increasingly showing increasingly modern patterns, one of which is the crime of money laundering (" money laundering "). The crime of money laundering is understood as the act of hiding the origin of funds which are illegal because they are obtained from a criminal act which appears to be legitimate. Law Number 8 of 2010 concerning Prevention and Eradication of Money Laundering. The stages of money laundering which consist of conversion (" placement "), layering (" layering "), and integration ("integration") in its development are carried out by utilizing cyberspace (" cyber "), so that it constitutes " cyber crime ", the handling of which is increasingly difficult and complex, because this crime can be a transnational crime, even though law enforcement officers in carrying out their authority are limited by jurisdiction. Apart from that, special competence and expertise is also needed in the field of " cyber ". " Cyber money laundering " is an inevitability that must be faced as a form of " white collar crime " in the 21st century era, so that efforts to prevent and eradicate the crime of money laundering can be achieved. implemented optimally.