This article looks at how the church and the Bible have developed in the past as important factors influencing Christian communities' faith and spiritual practices. Since its beginning, the church has been the main institution for spreading the teachings of Christ, and the Bible has served as the foundational source of spiritual authority. The church has also grown from the early days of Christianity to the Reformation and up to today. Through a historical-theological approach, this article aims to provide a deeper understanding of the role of the church and the Bible in building faith and strengthening the spiritual practices of Christians. Through a historical-theological approach, this article aims to provide a deeper understanding of the role of the church and the Bible in building faith and strengthening the spiritual practices of Christians.

The theme of God's provision in limitations is highly relevant to theology students, who often face various challenges in their academic and spiritual journeys. The story in 2 Kings 4:42-44, where the prophet Elisha distributes twenty barley loaves to a hundred people, provides a powerful illustration of how God can turn limitations into blessings. Theology students often feel inexperienced and limited in resources to serve the community, but Elisha's example teaches that intention and trust in God are far more important than the amount of resources one has. Limitations can also trigger a crisis of faith, especially when the demands of academics and daily life increase. Therefore, it is important for students to realize that limitations are not obstacles to God, but opportunities to experience His love and power. This paper aims to explore how God's provision in limitations can be the basis for learning faith that shapes the character and ministry of theology students. By understanding this concept, it is hoped that students can serve sincerely and trust in God in every aspect of their lives.

The Charismatic Movement is a spiritual phenomenon that has a significant impact on the lives of Christians, both theologically and socially. This article aims to explore the transformation of spirituality and the theological implications brought about by this movement, as well as its impact on society and culture. The Charismatic Movement emphasizes the active role of the Holy Spirit in the lives of Christians, introducing personal experiences with God through spiritual gifts such as healing, prophecy, and speaking in tongues. The theological implications of this movement include a new understanding of the Bible, the coming of Christ, and the mission of the church in the world. Socially and culturally, the Charismatic movement changed the structure of the church, increased congregational participation in social activities, and introduced changes in views on gender roles and religious education. The social impact of the Charismatic movement can be seen in the spread of more inclusive and dynamic spiritual values, which have an influence on church music and arts culture. The Charismatic Movement strengthens the belief that God is still actively working in the lives of His people through miracles and divine healing. This article shows that the Charismatic movement not only brought about changes in the way Christians live their faith, but also contributed to broader social changes in society, creating Christian communities that were more open, participatory, and relevant to the challenges of the times.

Instagram @katolicitasorg offers a variety of content related to the Catholic faith. This research uses Instagram content @katolicitasorg as a news tool in the digital era. This research was conducted to determine the benefits of Instagram @katolicitasorg content for Catholic Religious Education students at Sanata Dharma University, Yogyakarta. This study uses a qualitative method. Data was collected through observation, interviews, FGD and questionnaires. The data obtained were confirmed using triangulation techniques. Based on the results of this research, the majority of students felt that Instagram content @katolicitasorg had positive benefits because it provided a new and clear understanding of the reasons for praying for the dead according to the Catholic Church. Students feel that the topics presented are relevant to their experiences. They become stronger and motivated to pray for their deceased relatives and friends. Most students stated that this content was superior in its delivery because it used various sources combined into several slides and was enhanced with visual perspectives in the form of images. However, several students were open and suggested that the @katolicitasorgi Instagram content needed changes to the reporting model, such as videos, language adaptations (such as direct quotes) and also the addition of sources from the New Testament.

Samuel's role as Israel's final judge, a leader who carried out the dual function of political and spiritual leader with integrity. Using critical historical interpretation analysis methods. Through in-depth analysis of these verses, this paper identifies Samuel's Faithful Leadership, Active and Inclusive Ministry, Worship as a Life Priority and God as a Just Judge. This article also highlights the relevance of these principles in a modern context, such as the importance of responsible leadership, consistent service, and a God-centered life. By making worship of God the basis of life, Samuel provides an example of leadership that not only brings people to justice, but also maintains a spiritual relationship with God. This paper concludes that true leadership must be based on obedience to Allah and timeless dedication.

Basically, God created His creatures perfectly. On the other hand, it turns out that God also created humans who do not have five senses, or incomplete body functions, such as the blind, deaf, physically disabled, even mentally disabled so that they have limitations in carrying out daily activities and are often considered different from others. A person who has physical or mental limitations due to illness or injury is called a disability. Being a person with a disability not only affects the person themselves, but often their families, especially their parents. The purpose of this study was to determine the application of pastoral care for parents who have children with disabilities. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method. The population and sample of this study were parents, namely the father and mother of a child with disabilities in Pamalian village, Sorkam sub-district, Central Tapanuli district. In an effort to provide pastoral counseling assistance with a Client Centered approach to parents who have children with disabilities, there are several approaches taken by the companion, namely, listening, reflecting, explaining, and being fully present. From the research results, pastoral counseling with a client-centered approach can help parents who have children with disabilities understand that what happened to their child is not a mistake or punishment due to sin so that parents can accept their child's condition.

Religion and culture are closely interconnected facets of human society that exert a profound influence on individuals' belief systems, moral principles, and actions. The discipline of religious and cultural education plays a pivotal role in advancing intercultural comprehension, cultivating societal unity, and creating a sense of global citizenship. This academic paper examines the dynamic relationship between religion and culture within educational environments, underscoring the significance of integrating religious and cultural literacy within formal educational institutions. This research is to present a comprehensive analysis of the contemporary status of education in religion and culture. To achieve this objective, a wide range of scholarly sources, including as academic journals, books, and educational reports, have been consulted. The primary focus of this study is to identify the existing obstacles in religion and culture education and propose recommendations for its successful implementation.

With the development of the times, the lives of today's young people have a way of getting along and a communication style that is greatly influenced by the environment. In fact, it is also inseparable from the influence of technology which is very rapidly developing in this era, where young people are now more active in using or utilizing the development of technology through communication tools in which there are social media such as mobile phones, laptops, and others that are connected to the internet network. Without having to meet and interact in person, they will get a very extraordinary influencer, which will shape their character to be good or even vice versa. The influence of the development of technology and community has a great influence on the lives and future of young people. Both in general and especially God's children who are lay and those who are involved in the ministry. No less important is when they start thinking about their future with various family backgrounds and their current conditions. Sometimes worries arise about their future, making them do something that seems good, but actually makes them start to move away from God. The author's hope is to create a young generation who fear God.

Instagram is a social media platform used to preach the faith. Instagram is a social media trend. The various interesting features on Instagram make the younger generation very close to this social media and can interact with each other. The aim of this research is to determine the perceptions of Catholic youth regarding the benefits of Instagram in building relationships in the Santo Fidelis Sigmaringen Sejiram Parish, West Kalimantan. Qualitative research is used in the writing method of this article. Data was collected through observation, interviews and meetings (FGD). The research results show that the younger generation understands the benefits of Instagram for building relationships. The Instagram account “omkinnocentius_canoura_arnau” makes it easy for the younger generation to receive information about parish activities. Socializing on Instagram can help users build many relationships. This can be seen from the participation of the younger generation who are actively involved in congregational activities. Instagram is a suitable tool to invite many young people to participate in church activities. By actively participating in church activities, young people can build bonds and continue to live out their faith.

The Book of Judges describes a period in Israel’s history marked by disobedience to God, leading to oppression by the enemy. In this context, Othniel appears as a judge appointed by God to free the Israelites. His leadership not only functions in a military aspect, but also as a spiritual director who brings the people back to obedience. Through the story of Othniel in Judges 3:7-11, this article explores the theme of leadership in faith, emphasizing the importance of a strong relationship with God and the anointing of the Spirit in leading. This story emphasizes that a true leader is able to inspire a community to turn to God, making him a role model for theology students in living out their calling. This study provides insight into how faith-based leadership can bring healing and stability to communities facing spiritual challenges.

This article discusses the role of leadership in pluralistic societies and how leadership can foster harmony in diversity. Leadership in this context goes beyond decision-making; it also involves the ability to unite various elements of society that come from different cultural, social, and religious backgrounds. The research reveals that effective leadership in a pluralistic society requires not only skills in managing conflicts and differences, but also qualities such as integrity, empathy, and the courage to make fair decisions. Furthermore, multicultural education and the implementation of inclusive leadership principles, based on universal values such as tolerance, mutual respect, and cooperation, play a crucial role in creating a harmonious society. Through this approach, societies can more easily overcome the challenges of diversity and build peaceful and prosperous communities.

The Protestant Reformation, initiated by Martin Luther in the 16th century, was a pivotal event in Christian history that shook the structure of the Catholic Church and had a profound impact on many aspects of life. This movement arose from dissatisfaction with church practices believed to be in conflict with Biblical teachings, such as the sale of indulgences. Through his 95 Theses, Luther emphasized that salvation could only be achieved through faith (sola fide) and that the Bible was the sole source of authority (sola scriptura). These teachings led to a split between the Catholic Church and Protestantism, sparking a broader theological reformation across Europe. Beyond its theological influence, the Protestant Reformation also brought about significant social, political, and cultural changes. Luther's teachings on the importance of education and literacy encouraged the translation of the Bible into local languages, allowing the faithful to access the Scriptures directly. The Reformation also introduced the concept of religious freedom and reshaped the relationship between church and state, with several countries adopting Protestantism as their official religion. Overall, the Protestant Reformation not only transformed the church's structure but also had a major impact on the development of Western social and political systems, creating new concepts of individual freedom and religious authority.