The purpose of this study is to describe what Special Strategies are carried out by teachers in developing the independence of early childhood in group A at Raudhatul Athfal AL-Asrafy Asyaman Swakarsa. And what factors influence the independence of early childhood in group A aged 4-5 years at Raudhatul Athfal AL-Asrafy Asyaman Swakarsa. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative using observation, interview and documentation methods. The data analysis technique uses the concept of Miles and Hubermen, with the steps of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study indicate that the specific strategies given by teachers in developing the independence of early childhood in group A at Raudhatul Athfal AL-Asrafy Asyaman Swakarsa are 1) Teachers encourage children to carry out their daily activities independently without the help of others, 2) Provide opportunities for children to make their own decisions, 3) provide opportunities for children to play without being accompanied, 4) Give children the opportunity to do something themselves even though they often make mistakes 5) Encourage children to express their feelings and ideas, and 6) Train children to socialize and adapt so that children can learn to face complex social problems. Factors that can influence the independence of early childhood in Raudhatul Athfal AL-Asrafy Asyaman Swakarsa are parenting factors and environmental factors.

This study examines the denotative and connotative meanings contained in the lyrics of the song Garam dan Madu (Sakit Dadaku) by Tenxi, Naykilla, and Jemsii, which raises the theme of doubt and longing for love. The purpose of the study is to reveal the literal meaning and implied meaning in the lyrics. The method used is descriptive qualitative with data in the form of song lyric texts obtained from official sources. The results of the study show that the lyrics of this song contain other complementary meanings, namely the denotative meaning describes doubt, longing, uncertainty, and a promise to give the best in their relationship while the connotative meaning contains deeper emotions and symbolism related to love, hope, and commitment. This study provides an in-depth understanding of the song's message and its contribution to the study of semantics and popular culture.

The social identity of the Osing indigenous youth in Banyuwangi faces major challenges due to the influence of globalization that often affects local culture. This study aims to explore the role of traditional schools as a political identity space in shaping and reflecting the social identity of Osing youth. Using a qualitative approach and ethnographic methods, this study explores the experiences of youth in their involvement in the Pesinau traditional school. The findings show that traditional schools function not only as a place to preserve local cultural values, but also as a forum for building collective awareness, strengthening identity, and becoming a cultural protection from global domination. Identity as Osing youth is not obtained automatically, but is formed through a process of reflection, active participation, and negotiation of meaning in daily cultural activities. Traditional schools support the transformation of local values into adaptive contemporary expressions through the use of digital media, art, and education that are appropriate to the context. In this way, traditional schools play an important role as institutions in maintaining the continuity of cultural identity while creating innovative spaces for indigenous youth to face the challenges of the modern era.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the naming of business places in Umakatahan. The theory used in analyzing naming is Chaer’s theory (2009). This study uses a qualitative research model. The data collection process carried out in this study used the documentation method, followed by the observing and nothing method. The data in this study are presented in a descriptive form or informal method. Based on the result of this study it was found that from 5 data on the naming of bussines places in Umakatahan, there were grammaticalmeanings. In addition, the naming process that occurs in 5 data on the naming of business premises in Umakatahan, produces 5 data based on inventors or makers, data based on new names, data based on place of origin, data based on uniqueness and new naming. So, it can be concluded that the naming of business places in Umakatahan is dominated by the process of the inventor or maker because most of the business places use the name of the owner or maker.

This study aims to analyze the figurative language in the novel Hujan by Tere Liye using a stylistic approach and to evaluate its relevance as teaching material for Indonesian language education. The main focus is on comparative figurative language such as personification, metaphor, simile, and hyperbole found in the novel. The research method applied is qualitative descriptive, with data collection through reading, noting, and classifying stylistic elements. The results show that these figurative languages play an important role in enriching the aesthetic value of the work, developing character portrayal, creating atmosphere, and effectively delivering moral messages. Moreover, the use of these stylistic features can help students improve their literary appreciation and language skills more deeply. Therefore, the novel Hujan is suitable as instructional material to enhance students’ interest and understanding of literary works

This study highlights the importance of needs analysis in developing learner-centered curricula. Using a library research approach, it explores how investigative techniques—such as interviews, surveys, and classroom observations—can effectively uncover both explicit and implicit student needs. The analysis reveals that triangulating these techniques provides a more holistic and valid understanding of learners. Teachers are encouraged to take on the role of "curriculum detectives" who not only implement but also actively investigate and adapt the curriculum based on data and empathy toward student experiences. The study concludes that systematic and continuous needs analysis leads to dynamic, responsive, and inclusive curriculum design, fostering meaningful and transformation learning experiences.

This study explores the crucial role of Siyaq al-Kalam in uncovering the nuances of meaning in the Qur’anic verses using a contextual semantic approach. The research employs qualitative methods through library research to analyze how linguistic, thematic, and historical contexts enrich the understanding of Qur’anic texts. The findings indicate that Siyaq al-Kalam—comprising linguistic, thematic, and situational contexts—plays a central role in preventing misinterpretation and in achieving a more authentic understanding of the Qur’an’s messages. This study confirms and deepens existing contextual semantic theories and contributes to the development of Qur’anic linguistic studies. Nevertheless, this research remains descriptive and requires further empirical studies to validate and expand its findings. It is therefore recommended that future studies incorporate field-based approaches and practical applications, so that the theoretical insights of Siyaq al-Kalam can be more effectively implemented in educational and interpretative practices of the Qur’an.

Language is closely related to social and cultural aspects, including in the process of learning foreign languages such as Mandarin. Effective Chinese language learning does not only focus on linguistic aspects, but also requires an understanding of the culture of origin of the language. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the application of culture-based learning in increasing motivation to learn Chinese. The method used is literature study or library research, with documentation technique as data collection method and content analysis technique as data analysis method. Based on the analysis of twelve research articles, it was found that the integration of cultural elements such as traditional games, visual media, and Chinese pop culture can create a learning experience that is fun, interesting, and encourages students' curiosity towards Chinese. In conclusion, culture-based learning is proven to have a positive influence on motivation to learn Chinese and can be used as an alternative teaching strategy that is more contextual and fun.

This study aims to examine the meanings contained in the poem "Bunga Gugur" by W.S. Rendra using a semantic approach. Poetry was chosen as the object of study because of its ability to reflect human life and feelings through poetic symbols and language. The analysis focused on four types of meaning in semantics, namely lexical, grammatical, referential, and figurative meaning. The research method used is qualitative descriptive with literature study techniques. The results of the analysis show that this poem is rich in lexical and figurative meanings, which strengthen the message of loss, love, and the transience of life. The use of symbols such as "bunga", "gugur", and "asmara" emphasizes the emotional devastation caused by death. With a semantic approach, the hidden meaning in the poem can be revealed systematically, thus helping readers understand the depth of the message the poet wants to convey. This research is expected to enrich linguistic studies in the analysis of literary works and increase appreciation for modern Indonesian poetry.

Konsep nafs dalam Al-Qur’an memiliki peran signifikan dalam memahami struktur kejiwaan dan spiritualitas manusia. Dalam psikologi Islam, nafs sering dikaitkan dengan dinamika batiniah yang memengaruhi perilaku dan pembentukan karakter seseorang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji makna nafs dalam Al-Qur’an melalui pendekatan semantik dan mengaitkannya dengan dimensi psikologis serta spiritual dalam proses pembentukan karakter. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan penelitian kepustakaan (library research). Analisis semantik dilakukan terhadap ayat-ayat yang mengandung kata nafs, kemudian diklasifikasikan berdasarkan konteks linguistik dan teologisnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa makna nafs dalam Al-Qur’an dapat dikategorikan ke dalam beberapa dimensi, seperti nafs ammarah (jiwa yang memerintah pada kejahatan), nafs lawwamah (jiwa yang mencela), dan nafs mutma’innah (jiwa yang tenang). Ketiga dimensi ini mencerminkan perjalanan spiritual dan psikologis manusia menuju penyempurnaan diri. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi dalam pengembangan tafsir tematik Al-Qur’an, serta memperkaya khazanah psikologi Islam dalam kerangka pembentukan karakter yang holistik dan transendental.

Psychological assessment is an important part of guidance and counseling services because it helps counselors understand the conditions and needs of their clients more accurately. However, its implementation must adhere to ethical principles, such as maintaining confidentiality and being objective in assessment. This article aims to discuss the importance of ethics in the psychological assessment process, particularly in the context of guidance and counseling services in schools. Using a literature review method, this article examines various literature related to ethical codes, assessment principles, and challenges frequently faced by counselors. The findings indicate that counselors must understand the boundaries of their authority in using assessment tools, maintain the confidentiality of clients' data, and continuously develop their professional competencies. By applying appropriate ethics, assessments can be conducted fairly, accurately, and maintain clients' trust in counseling services.

In an effort to understand the richness of local culture that continues to survive amid the tides of changing times, this study examines the philosophical meaning of the traditional expression Panjang Tong Dipotong, Pondok Tong Disambung as a foundational value in cultural preservation in the Cikondang Indigenous Village. This research aims to reveal how this philosophy is applied in the daily lives of the community and its role in maintaining cultural continuity. The study was conducted using a qualitative method with an ethnographic approach, and data were collected through in-depth interviews with several informants from the Cikondang Indigenous Village community. The findings show that the expression is not only a symbol of tradition but also serves as a guiding principle that preserves cultural heritage in an intact and adaptive manner amidst the forces of globalization and modernization.

Psychological assessment is an important component of guidance and counseling services as it supports counselors' understanding of learners' psychological conditions, potentials, and problems. This article aims to explain the role of assessment in understanding clients, identify the types of assessments commonly used, and emphasize the importance of understanding assessment as a counselor's professional competence. This study uses a qualitative approach based on literature studies from relevant journals. The results of the discussion show that assessments, both test and non-test, can provide comprehensive information that assists counselors in designing effective interventions. Understanding assessment also encourages counselors to act professionally and ethically in the service process. Thus, assessment is not just a measuring tool, but an important foundation in holistic and strategic counseling practice.

This study explores the challenges and expectations faced by teachers in educating deaf students at SLB Negeri Keleyan. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through interviews and observations to understand the real experiences of teachers in the learning process. The findings reveal that one of the main challenges is teaching students with total hearing loss from birth, which demands more time, creativity, and adaptation in instructional strategies. Teachers often adjust the curriculum based on the students’ individual abilities. Despite these difficulties, students show positive development when they receive consistent encouragement, emotional support, and recognition. Teachers express hope for improved training opportunities, especially in visual and adaptive teaching techniques, as well as better support from families and the government. Additionally, they highlight the importance of assistive learning tools and inclusive job opportunities after graduation. This study affirms that with collaborative support, deaf students have the potential to grow, learn, and contribute meaningfully to society.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the psychological dynamics of the character Keke in the novel Surat Kecil Untuk Tuhan using the literary psychology approach developed by Sigmund Freud. The main focus of this study lies in the main aspects of personality possessed by humans that have been stated in the psychoanalytic theory approach of Sigmund Freud. These three approaches include the idea of ego and super ego, which in it represent the basic structure in the development of human personality. The results of this analysis indicate that the character Keke has a strong ID which is reflected through the instinctive drive to survive and avoid the suffering that comes from the cancer he has. The aspect of the elder brother's ego is seen from his rational attitude in facing the reality of life, such as in his decision to continue going to school and undergoing chemotherapy for his recovery. While the last aspect, namely the super ego, is stated to be more prominent than other aspects, the super ego aspect possessed by Keke stands out in the form of moral toughness, religious values and social responsibility, for example when he tells his family not to be sad and not to sacrifice all his wealth for the treatment of his illness. These three aspects of personality interact with each other and form a balanced personality between each other even though they are in a bad condition. Through the psychoanalytic approach of Sigmund Freud, the character of Keke in the novel Surat Kecil untuk Tuhan, the character of Keke is stated as a character who can inspire and has very high moral values. The analysis of this novel also proves that the psychoanalytic theory owned by Sigmund Freud is very effective in exploring the inner depths of a character and can understand the emotional and spiritual complexity in dealing with the suffering felt by a character in his story.

This critically discusses the role of literary appreciation and criticism in enhancing the quality of literary works by thoroughly reviewing existing practices and theories. Through a qualitative analysis approach, this study highlights how appreciation and criticism not only function as passive responses to works but also as active instruments that shape the quality and innovation of literature. This paper recommends the reconstruction of a more integrated and reflective paradigm of literary appreciation and criticism to significantly contribute to the improvement of literary quality.

This article explores the dimensions of spiritualism and existential feminism in the short story Umi Kalsum by Djamil Suherman using a qualitative descriptive approach combined. The study focuses on interpreting symbolic and ideological elements within the text that reflect the search for life’s meaning, spiritual awareness, and the position of women within a patriarchal social structure. Data were obtained through literature review and analyzed in depth through the processes of data reduction, presentation, and interpretive reflection, with validity ensured through source triangulation and repeated readings. The findings reveal that the character Umi Kalsum represents a devout woman who lives under strict social norms, yet possesses strong spiritual and inner resilience. Spiritual values are reflected in her submissive and sincere acceptance of suffering, while existential feminism is expressed through her inner conflict and struggle for personal freedom. The protagonist’s tragic end serves as a symbolic protest against the restrictive social order imposed on women. This short story illustrates how spiritual experience and existential awareness can act as liberating forces in the face of gender-based injustice.

This study aims to describe and analyze the representation of Indonesian culture in Fiersa Besari's novel Arah Langkah using Roland Barthes' semiotic approach. This novel presents the narrative of the journey of the novel's characters who discover the diversity of Indonesian culture through geographical descriptions, customs, and social interactions that occur. Using descriptive qualitative methods and literature studies, the study examines the cultural signs that appear in the text in depth at the level of denotative, connotative, and cultural myth meanings. Barthes' approach allows the disclosure of layers of symbolic and ideological meanings hidden in the novel's cultural representation. The results of the analysis are expected to enrich literary and cultural studies, increase readers' appreciation of Indonesian cultural values, and contribute to the preservation of the nation's cultural identity amidst the flow of globalization. This study also emphasizes the role of the novel as a medium for reflecting socio-cultural life and a means of learning life values through the experiences of characters in the story.

The development of social media has triggered a dynamic shift in the meaning of language used in everyday communication. This article aims to analyze the lexical meaning changes and expansions in the Indonesian language as used on social media platforms, particularly Twitter and Instagram. This study employs a descriptive semantic approach with content analysis methods applied to selected viral posts. The findings show that many words experience semantic shift, the formation of new meanings (neologisms), and altered connotations based on digital context. These results highlight the importance of semantic understanding in interpreting the evolving nature of language in the digital era.

This study aims to analyze the pragmatic aspects and persuasive strategies in a public service advertisement entitled "Throw Trash in Its Place. The Earth is Not Your Trash Can." This study uses a pragmatic approach with a focus on the theory of speech acts, implicature, deixis, and politeness of language to reveal how to convey messages effectively and persuasively in the context of public communication. The advertisement is analyzed as a form of directive communication that aims to encourage changes in people's behavior towards issues of cleanliness and environmental concern. The results of the analysis show that this advertisement utilizes strong but polite directive speech acts, normative implicatures to instill values, the use of personal deixis to build closeness with the audience, and positive and negative politeness strategies to maintain social relations. Thus, advertisements not only function as a medium for conveying information, but also as an instrument for forming collective awareness through a communicative approach that is contextual, efficient, and emotionally and rationally appealing to its audience.
 

Language is crucial for human interaction, making foreign language education, especially Japanese, increasingly vital in the global era. Indonesia holds the second-highest number of Japanese learners globally. This study evaluates SakuJapan, a Japanese learning application, to enhance basic Japanese skills among IPB Vocational School students. Using a quantitative descriptive approach with 20 students, data was collected via online questionnaires on usage, features, effectiveness, and motivation. Findings show SakuJapan is an effective and user-friendly tool; 75% of respondents regularly use features like Hiragana, Katakana, vocabulary, and practice questions. The application scored an average effectiveness of 4.3 out of 5, with 85% of users gaining confidence in basic Japanese. While generally well-received, suggestions include offline features, varied exercises, adjustable game difficulty, and more audio, daily conversations, and JLPT-standardized tests. These insights guide further development for a more comprehensive and adaptive learning platform.

Psychological tests are widely used to reveal various aspects of the individual as needed, one type of psychological test that exists is a personality test. Personality tests can be divided into objective tests and projective tests. This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of objective and projective personality tests to reveal aspects of individual personality by comparing the advantages and disadvantages of each test. This research was conducted using a qualitative method in the form of a literature study by reading articles and journals that are linear with the research topic. The results of this research are: 1) Advantages and Disadvantages Between Objective and Projective Tests, 2) Ideal Time to Use One of the Two Types of Personality Tests, 3) Case Studies Regarding the Use of Objective and Projective Personality Tests.

Linguistics plays a crucial role in studying and understanding the structure of language, including in the context of Arabic. The Arabic language, with its complex system of morphology, syntax, and phonology, requires an in-depth linguistic approach to analyze its grammatical structure. This study aims to explore how linguistic theories, such as phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics, contribute to understanding the basic structure of Arabic. Through linguistic approaches, a clearer and more structured understanding of sentence structure, word patterns, and the relationships between language elements can be achieved. This paper also discusses the challenges faced in applying linguistic theories to Arabic, as well as the importance of a linguistic approach in teaching Arabic to non-native speakers. The findings of this study are expected to provide broader insights into the role of linguistics in learning and teaching Arabic more effectively and systematically. 

This research examines the morphological aspects of Indonesian with a focus on the process of word formation and changes in morphological structure in contemporary Indonesian language use. The aim of this research is to identify and analyze various morphological processes that occur in Indonesian word formation, as well as to reveal productive patterns of word formation in the development of modern Indonesian. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method with a morphological approach. Data was collected using skill-free listening (SBLC), note-taking techniques and documentation techniques from various written sources. Data analysis was carried out using the agih method using the technique for direct elements (BUL), loss technique, replace technique, and expand technique. The results of the research show that: (1) the affixation process is the most productive morphological process in Indonesian word formation, (2) new patterns were found in the reduplication process which reflect the dynamics of language development, (3) the composition process shows a tendency to form compound words which increasingly complex along with modern communication needs. This research provides theoretical contributions in the development of Indonesian language morphology studies and practical implications for Indonesian language learning.

This research looks at the part of politeness strategies in cross-cultural communication, concentrating on Asian, European, and African cultures. A qualitative approach was used, and data were gathered through intercultural dialogues and interviews with 30 participants. The results show important cultural differences in using positive and negative politeness strategies. Asian cultures focused on indirectness, honorifics, and non-verbal cues to preserve harmony and hierarchical respect, while European cultures combined directness with mitigation methods like humor and politeness markers. African cultures used inclusive language, storytelling, and indirectness to build group cohesion. This study emphasizes the significance of intercultural competence for handling cultural differences and enhancing communication in various environments. 
 

The concept of management in guidance and counseling is the process of planning, designing, organizing, and directing in the process of providing guidance and counseling services in a school or an organization. The method used in this research is the literature study method, which is a written summary that includes articles from journals, books, and other documents that define theories and provide information. The results of this study include: (1) the concept of management in counseling guidance, (2) the principles of applying guidance and counseling management, (3) organizational patterns in guidance and counseling, (4) stages of applying management in guidance and counseling, and (5) forms of evaluation in the process of guidance and counseling services.

Each person has a different character, especially within the scope of the school, all students have different behavior and characteristics, so a Pai teacher plays a very important role in improving the honorable morals of each student at Dharma Utama Middle School, Sukasari village. In improving the quality of students' morals towards anyone, a PAI teacher educates and instills nobility by using interesting learning methods so that students do not get bored and fed up. A pai teacher most importantly instills the qualities of honesty, patience in students in studying, and in learning the pai teacher is also required to understand various learning methods so that students are active, responsible and disciplined. Slowly, lazy students will think, their hearts will be touched if the method applied is appropriate and relevant for every student at Dharma Utama Middle School. The first method used is a direct learning strategy and the second is cooperative learning (creating groups in learning). 

In this research the author took a study in the field of syntax. The syntactic survey in this research focuses on the types of transitive verb clauses in popular articles by Muh. Syahrul Padli in the April 2024 edition of the medium. This research aims to classify and analyze transitive verb clauses. This research is conducted with a synchronic approach that seeks to describe and provide the types and structures of clauses presented descriptively and qualitatively. The purpose of this study is to provide insight into the classification of verb clauses and provide examples of their classification in the description text in “Popular Articles by Muh. Syahrul Padli on Medium Masa Media April 2024 Edition”. Data collection in this research uses note-taking and listening/reading techniques. Data analysis techniques include data reduction, analysis, interpretation, and triangulation after which a conclusion is drawn. The data presentation technique is informal data presentation. From the data analysis, it can be concluded that some form of verb clauses in description texts, namely: transitive verb clauses. This article can be useful for students because it gives insight into the structured division of verb clauses and also the use of verb clauses in the article. 

This research is motivated by a lack of knowledge about sexual education and gender issues in early childhood, especially elementary school (SD) students. Sexual education and gender issues are also topics that are currently still hotly discussed and continue to be an important concern in society. Many parents and local communities still consider sexual education to be taboo for young children, especially elementary school (SD) students. The aim of this research is to find out how to change students' views about gender through comprehensive sexual education, to find out sexual education learning methods, and to find out the role of teachers and parents in supporting the success of comprehensive sexual education. This research is based on literature study, namely a series of activities related to collecting library data, reading and taking notes, and processing research materials. The results of this research show that comprehensive sexual education can be a very important tool in changing elementary school students' views regarding gender by providing detailed and comprehensive information. Effective learning methods in teaching comprehensive sexual education are lecture, discussion and question and answer methods. The role of parents in supporting the success of comprehensive sexual education is that parents are ready to provide sexual education to their children, providing role models and guidance, accepting questions from children and providing appropriate responses, emphasizing always respecting privacy. Meanwhile, the role of teachers includes as instructor, guide, mediator and evaluator.

Students often have difficulty understanding the concepts of Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS), especially at the elementary school level. This difficulty is caused by the lack of variety of learning methods that are capable and attract students to actively participate in learning activities. The aim of this research is to determine the improvement in learning outcomes of class IV C students in the elastic movement material in science and science lessons. This research applies the Project Based Learning (PjBL) learning model which uses Mystery Box media. This research uses the Classroom Action Research (PTK) method which consists of two cycles. The instruments used include pretest and posttest as well as observation sheets. The data was analyzed descriptively quantitatively to measure the increase in learning outcomes from one cycle to the next. The research results show that implementing PjBL with Mystery Box media improves student learning outcomes. In the first cycle, there was significant improvement, although some students had not reached the target. In the second cycle, learning outcomes continued to improve, with the majority of students reaching or exceeding the KKM. The percentage obtained from the pretest and posttest results was from 56.73% to 74.62%.
 

This study analyses the morphological process in the news ‘Check out the Vision and Mission of 4 Candidates in West Java Gubernatorial Election 2024 in the Second Debate’ published by Detik News in the November 2024 edition. The purpose of this research is to find and understand the morphological structure used in the delivery of information related to the West Java governor election. The methodology of this research is descriptive qualitative approach. Information is collected through observation or observation done by reading the news and making notes. The results of the research show information on the use of affixation, namely the prefixes ber-, mem, men-, as well as the confixes me-kan, ke-an, pe-an, pe(r)-an. There is also information on the use of reduplication such as, children. And there is information on the use of composition such as the word new pair. It is intended that these findings can increase understanding of language use in the mass media.

Language is humanity's primary tool for communication, enabling the exchange of ideas, feelings, and ideas between individuals in social and academic contexts. The use of formal and informal language by students is an important topic in the educational context, especially for Faculty of Education students who will become teaching staff in the future. This research aims to analyze the use of formal and informal language in the daily lives of students at the Faculty of Education, Medan State University, and understand the importance of mastering these two types of language in their role as prospective educators. Using a questionnaire method distributed to 47 respondents, the research results showed that students tend to use informal language in everyday social interactions, while formal language is more dominantly used in academic situations. However, there are difficulties in maintaining consistent use of formal language in academic environments due to the influence of social media and informal habits in everyday life. This research highlights the need for a deeper understanding of the use of language appropriate to the context, both formal and informal, in order to improve students' communication skills in their role as prospective educators.

This research is classroom action research that aims to improve learning outcomes in Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS). The topic is changing forms of energy in class IV-B students, SDN Pakis 01 Surabaya. The number of students in the class consists of 25. The data collection method used consists of observation, tests, and documentation. The learning model applied is problem-based learning (PBL). The research results show that the learning model Problem-Based Learning (PBL) can significantly improve student learning outcomes in science subjects. The pre-cycle results showed a completion rate of 32%; in cycle 1, it increased to 56%, and then in cycle 2, it increased to 80%. Implementation of learning models (problem-based learning) has succeeded in achieving the expected targets and can effectively improve student learning outcomes, especially in class IV-B at SDN Pakis 1 Surabaya in the 2024-2025 academic year. The learning model of problem-based learning (PBL) is also known for its effectiveness in building students' critical thinking skills so that it can help make the learning process easier.
 
 

This article discusses the use of noun phrases in health news in Suara Merdeka newspaper in September 2024. The purpose of writing this article is to identify the use of noun phrases by analyzing the types of noun phrases in depth, research data along with an explanation of the types of phrases based on modificative noun phrases, coordinative noun phrases, and appositive noun phrases. The research method in writing this article uses a descriptive method, a theoretical approach to language, based on data collection using the simak catat technique, and using agih analysis to select data in the study. This research uses informal and formal data presentation techniques delivered in narrative or explanatory form, and presented in tabular form. The result of this research shows some discussion: (1) Identification of modificative noun phrases found as much as 29 data, (2) Identification of coordinative noun phrases found as much as 3 data, (3) Identification of appositive noun phrases found as much as 2 data. This research is expected to be useful as a learning medium, especially in the syntactic field unit, namely noun phrases.

This research examines adjective clauses in the book “Rahasia Lancar Berkomunikasi” by Mulasih Tary & Devy Ardiyanti. The study aims to analyze and reveal the formation, types of meanings, and functions of adjective clauses in the book, as well as their relation to real-life situations in society. The research uses a descriptive qualitative method with a theoretical approach, analyzing adjective clauses based on data by considering their structural formation and classifying them descriptively align with relevant theory. The adjective clauses found in the book “Rahasia Lancar Berkomunikasi” include those with meanings related to physical conditions, inner qualities, and emotional states. By understanding the formation, the type of meanings, and functions of adjective clauses in connection with everyday life, it is hoped that readers will gain better insight into effective language use. Knowledge of the role of adjective clauses in daily communication can serve as a foundation for society to interact more wisely and build good social relationships and it can assist in related fields.

A phrase combines words with one function, and its use is essential in language. Many phrases were discovered in various media, one of which is in the historical text of Borobudur Temple, published in the World History Encyclopedia. This research aims to discover the category or grouping of phrases in historical texts, especially adjectival phrases and prepositional phrases. The method in this research is descriptive qualitative with a qualitative approach that produces descriptive data in the form of written words. The research results show that there are eight adjectival phrases and fifteen prepositional phrases in the historical texts studied. “Very close” is one of the adjectival phrases found in the historical text, while “Toward the northwest” is one of the prepositional phrases in historical text. This research aims to understand the use of adjectival phrases and prepositional phrases in a sentence to make effective sentences.

This research analyzes active and passive sentences in the education rubric on the kompas.com website in September 2024. This research aims to describe active and passive sentences based on type, structure, and characteristics in online news text. The method used in this study is a theoretical and methodological approach. The theoretical approach is in the form of syntax, while the methodological approach is in the form of qualitative descriptive with data collection techniques of observing and recording. The data collected comes from primary and secondary data through literature studies. The use of qualitative descriptive methods is intended to analyze active and passive sentences in the education rubric on the kompas.com website. The data analysis technique is the agih technique with formal and informal presentations. The results of this study are the discovery of the use of active and passive sentences in news texts with an education theme on the kompas.com website. The research results are detailed by classifying active and passive sentences and describing their structure and type. The benefits of conducting this research are increasing insight and knowledge regarding active and passive sentences and their types, structures, and characteristics in their use in online news texts.

This study explores the relationship between language, culture, and society, all three of which are interdependent and inseparable. Language and culture are integral components that shape the identity of a society, and language functions as a cultural mirror and social glue. The method used is a qualitative approach based on literature which aims to examine the importance of language and culture in forming community identity. The results of the study are then narrated in descriptive form. This research aims to study and understand the concept of culture and language about how cultural changes influence the evolution of language and shape the identity of a society. Language has also experienced changes with the emergence of pop culture phenomena (popular culture). These changes reflect societal trends and changes. By analyzing the interrelationships of language, culture and society, this research provides insight into the complex dynamics of identity formation and their implications for social cohesion.

Case transfer in management Guidance and counseling is an important process in handling student problems that are too complex. The purpose of this case transfer was to obtain supporting data regarding the students who were transferred to the case and to provide more effective guidance services by experts. This process involves identification, assessment, and transfer of responsibility from one counselor to another counselor or the BK team. For example, a psychological test, a guidance and counseling teacher can collaborate with a psychology institution to obtain data related to students' psychological development. The case transfer program can collaborate with other professionals, such as psychiatrists, police, doctors and other professionals.

This research aims to improve students' learning experience in Pancasila education through interactive video media at SDN 1 Pakis Surabaya. The research used a spiral-based PTK method with a total of 25 students, with a focus on planning, action, observation and reflection. The research results show a significant increase in,  student learning outcomes after video interactivity. This research shows that the use of interactive videos in the Pancasila education program at SDN 1 Pakis Surabaya significantly improves student learning outcomes. Based on the data collected, it appears that the use of interactive videos can improve students' understanding of the material, especially on teacher-led learning topics that prioritize good behavior in the surrounding environment. The increase in learning outcomes as seen from the average student score from 68 to 75 shows that this media is effective in helping students meet the Minimum Completion Criteria (KKM) that have been set. with a percentage in the initial condition of 41%, in cycle I which was proven to be 83%, and the percentage in cycle II was 100%. In addition, every student succeeded in achieving the learning objectives in cycle II, with a statistically significant average increase. Observations also showed that student activity and motivation increased, indicating that interactive videos had a positive impact on both academic performance and behavior.
 
 

A serious problem faced by the Indonesian people is the orientation of the current education system which focuses too much on developing the left brain (cognitive) and pays too little attention to developing the right brain (affective, empathy and feeling). The learning process is passive and rigid, which makes it unpleasant for children. Subjects related to character education (such as character and religion) emphasize the left brain aspect (memorization, or just knowledge) in practice. This can damage children's character and hinder their creativity. In fact, character formation must be carried out systematically and continuously involving aspects of knowledge, feeling, loving and acting. Character formation can be likened to the formation of a person into a body builder (bodybuilder) who requires continuous moral muscle training to become sturdy and strong. Apart from that, the success of character education must also be supported by a good and enjoyable educational environment for children. Character education is needed not only at school, but also at home and in social environments.

Bullying is a serious problem that can have a negative impact on student development, both physically and psychologically. This research aims to examine and analyze efforts to create good anti-bullying habits at Panca Budi Middle School in Medan. Using qualitative descriptive methods, this research explores the strategies and programs implemented in schools to create a safe and bullying-free school environment. Data was obtained through interviews with teachers, students, as well as observations in the field. The research results that the application of good habits as a form of implementing of PAI, such as socialization activities, psychological approaches, and intensive supervision, has succeeded in reducing bullying rates and creating a positive culture in schools.

Computational thinking skills are one of the important competencies in the world of education in the 21st century, especially in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). GNU Octave as an open source software similar to MATLAB offers a numeric programming environment that can be used to train and develop students' computational thinking skills. Researchers use a literature study method that aims to see the extent to which GNU Octave can be used in learning to improve students' computational thinking skills. The literature sources used come from national and international journal articles, conference proceedings, and other trusted sources over the past 10 years. The results of the review show that GNU Octave is effective as a learning tool for numeric programming, problem solving, and mathematical modeling, and has a positive contribution to honing students' algorithmic and analytical thinking skills.

This study explores creative thinking strategies aimed at enhancing reading comprehension skills among fifth-grade elementary school students. By focusing on developing critical and innovative thinking methods, the research investigates how these strategies can improve students' ability to understand and process reading materials. The study employs various approaches to stimulate cognitive engagement, fostering both deeper comprehension and greater interest in reading. Results suggest that incorporating creative thinking techniques significantly contributes to the enhancement of students' reading comprehension abilities. The findings highlight the importance of integrating these strategies into the classroom to support students' academic growth and encourage lifelong learning habits.

The porpuse of this discussion is to find out and analyze the leadership of elementary school principals to improve school quality. The method used is a literature review. The data collection technique is by reviewing or exploring several books, journals, and other documents tat are considered relevant. This research discusses the description of leadership and the leadership stile style of school principals. The principals leadership is a determinant of the success of realizing educational goals in the school which have been outlined in the  school’s vision and mission. Leadership style is the way a leader behaves, communicates, and interacts with other people in influencing people to do something. Several leadership styles that can be implemented by school principals: namely managerial leadership, transformational leadership, transactional leadership, teaching leadership, and positive leadership. School principals must carry out their duties professionally in order to achive national education goals.

improving poetry-writing skills among 10th-grade students. This classroom action research (CAR) was conducted in two cycles, each consisting of planning, acting, observing, and reflecting stages. In the first cycle, 60% of students actively participated, with an average score of 70 on their poetry tests. After revisions and improvements in the second cycle, student participation increased to 85%, and the average test score rose to 85, reflecting a 21.4% improvement. Data were collected through observations, interviews, written tests, and documentation. The findings indicate that the "ABC 5 Dasar" game effectively enhances student engagement, spontaneity, and creativity in poetry writing, providing a culturally relevant and enjoyable learning experienc.

Early reading is an important foundation in mastering language skills, especially for first grade elementary school students. Problems that often arise at this stage include difficulty in recognizing letters, arranging letters into words, and pronunciation and understanding simple reading. This study aims to analyze the early reading skills of first grade students in terms of cognitive and psychomotor aspects, and to identify factors that hinder their achievement. This study uses a descriptive quantitative approach with test instruments to assess cognitive abilities and observations to assess psychomotor skills. The subjects of the study consisted of five first grade students. The results showed that most students had very good cognitive abilities in early reading, but their psychomotor abilities tended to be low. A gap was found between theoretical understanding and practical skills of students. This finding emphasizes the importance of a balanced and holistic learning strategy so that students not only understand conceptually, but are also able to apply reading skills in real life.

The development of the Toba Caldera Geopark as a national priority tourism destination is part of the government’s efforts to drive regional economic growth, improve community welfare, and strengthen Indonesia’s position in sustainable tourism. However, its implementation presents significant challenges in balancing economic development, environmental sustainability, and social justice, particularly for indigenous communities around the area. This study aims to analyze the impact of the Toba Caldera Geopark development policy on the environment and local indigenous communities. A multidisciplinary approach was employed, combining qualitative methods through in-depth interviews and participatory observations, along with quantitative data from surveys and official secondary sources. The results indicate potential conflicts between tourism infrastructure development and nature conservation, including environmental degradation and the erosion of local cultural values. Additionally, there is a risk of marginalization of indigenous communities in terms of access to natural resources and their involvement in decision-making processes. Therefore, this study recommends the need for more inclusive and sustainable policies that place indigenous communities at the center of geopark management. Active participation of local communities, recognition of customary land rights, and development approaches based on local wisdom are essential to achieving equitable, sustainable, and environmentally responsible development of the Toba Caldera Geopark.

This study aims to analyze the inconsistency of paragraphs in articles published in the November 2024 edition of Larise magazine. The approach used in this study is qualitative descriptive with data collection methods in the form of observation and recording. The results of the analysis revealed that the incongruity of the paragraphs was caused by several factors, such as the lack of transitional sentences, irregular order of details, and unnecessary repetition of words. Although some paragraphs have implemented the cohesion element correctly, some sections still struggle to connect ideas effectively, making it difficult for readers to follow the flow of the article. These findings show the importance of increasing the use of cohesion techniques to make texts more structure and easy to understand. Magazine writers and editors are advised to improve the application of cohesion elements to improve the cohesion of the text and make it easier for readers to follow the flow of thought. Thus, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of the application of cohesion techniques in print media writing and highlights the need for improvement in these areas to achieve more effective communication.
Keywords: cohesion; paragraph incompatibility; majalah larise

Education is an important element in developing children's minds, especially in rural areas where education is often not a priority. The aim of this research is to analyze the impact of education on the way children think in Kalirejo Village, Kraton District, Pasuruan Regency. The method used was a quantitative design with a survey approach, with 22 randomly selected respondents. Information is obtained through surveys that assess educational variables and children's thinking patterns. The results show that the applied regression model shows satisfactory performance, with an R Square value of 0.634, which means that education can explain around 63.4% of the variation in children's thinking patterns. The t test results show that education has a significant influence on children's thinking patterns, with a significance value of 0.000. The impact of this research is the importance of increasing access and quality of education in rural areas, as well as the need for policies that encourage public awareness of the role of education in children's future. It is hoped that this research can become a reference for the government and related parties in designing more effective education strategies.

Writing skills according to experts in learning Indonesian are placed at the highest level of learning in the language acquisition process. One form of text that is important to learn in schools for writing skills is explanatory text. Explanatory text is a text that explains the process of a natural, social or cultural phenomenon logically and systematically. . Writing is one of the language skills that must be mastered by students. . However, in reality, there are still many students who have difficulty in understanding and writing explanatory texts. This study aims to analyze students' understanding of explanatory texts and students' abilities in writing explanatory texts in learning Indonesian in grade VI of elementary school. the number of samples in this study was 5 grade VI students. In this study, the researcher used a qualitative descriptive method. the results of this study indicate that students' understanding of writing explanatory texts is still low.
 
 

The Madurese language, which is used by the Madurese ethnic community both on Madura Island and outside the island, has significant dialect diversity. The mobility of the Madurese people and interaction with the Javanese language on the island of Java resulted in a mixture of dialects, which influenced the formation of new vocabulary through morphophonemic processes. This research aims to analyze the affixation process in Madurese, especially the use of the prefixes {-e} and {-pa} in the Sekar Assre’ 4 textbook. In this research, the prefixes {-e} and {-pa} are analyzed based on form, function , and its meaning in the formation of verbs, adjectives and nouns. The research uses a qualitative descriptive approach with listening and listening methods, as well as data analysis techniques such as drop and replace. The research results show that the prefix {-e} and its allomorphs (e-, epa-, eka-) function to form passive verbs and adjectives, while the prefix {pa-} functions to form nouns, especially those related to certain professions or activities . It is hoped that this research can contribute to understanding the morphological structure of the Madurese language, especially related to the role of the prefixes {-e} and {-pa} in everyday communication and in learning Madurese in schools.

Language as an object of linguistic study is an arbitrary sound symbol system used by members of a social group to cooperate, communicate, and identify themselves. Language has several characteristics or properties as follows: Language is a system, Language is in the form of symbols, Language is sound, Language is meaningful, Language is arbitrary, Language is conventional, Language is productive, Language is unique besides being universal, Language is dynamic, and Language is humane and varied. One of the advantages of humans is the intellect that is inherent in every human being. Human intellect can be used and empowered with the help of language. Including in everyday life, anyone or anywhere, humans as social beings cannot avoid the use of language, either in writing or orally. As a linguistic science, linguistics has experienced stages of development like other sciences, the stages of development in question include; the stage of speculation, the stage of observation and classification, and the stage of formulating theories. The method used in this article is a literature study, with data collection from various sources such as books, journals, and existing research. The data is analyzed critically to support research propositions and ideas.

Strengthening character at the elementary school (SD) level has a very important role in forming moral and ethical foundations for students. One approach that can be used to strengthen student character is through a habituation program. This research aims to determine the effect of the habituation program on strengthening the character of students at SDN No. 67 East City Gorontalo City. The type of research used is quantitative research with a non-experimental (correlational) research design. The population in this study were all students in grades I-VI of SDN No. 67 East City of Gorontalo, namely 140 people. The sample in this study were students of class IV-VI of SDN No. 67 East City, totaling 62 people. The results of the research show that there is an influence of the habituation program on strengthening the character of students at SDN No. 67 East City, Gorontalo City, meaning that the better the way the program is managed and implemented, the greater the influence it will have on strengthening character. The influence of the habituation program on strengthening students' character reached 38.8%, the remaining 61.2% was influenced by other factors.

Student character is an important aspect in forming a generation that is not only academically intelligent, but also has strong moral and social values. This study aims to examine the influence of the surrounding environment, especially the school environment and social interactions, on the formation of student character at SD IT Permata Kita. The results of observations and interviews with teachers show that a religious, educational, and positively cultural school environment is able to instill strong character values ??such as politeness, tolerance, mutual respect, and responsibility. The school also actively runs a character development program through monthly studies and the Malam Bina Iman dan Takwa (MABIT) activity. However, the negative influence of peers remains a challenge that needs to be watched out for and managed. This article is expected to be a reflection material for educators and stakeholders in an effort to strengthen student character through a positive environmental approach.

This study was conducted to determine the principal's strategy in implementing instructional leadership at SMP Muhammadiyah 48 Medan. The steps implemented by the principal of SMP Muhammadiyah 48 Medan in developing instructional leadership at SMP Muhammadiyah 48 Medan. The methodology of this study uses a qualitative research approach with a case study research type. In this study, data collection was carried out using several techniques, namely, interviews, observations, and documentation. The subjects of this study include the principal as the main informant along with the vice principal, teachers, as supporting informants. The analysis of this research data through steps including data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions/verification. The results of this study indicate that the principal's strategy in implementing instructional leadership at SMP Muhammadiyah 48 Medan consists of: The strategy carried out by the principal in implementing instructional leadership is good, but still requires development to implement instructional leadership in schools. So that the implementation of this leadership is worthy of being developed and can be an example for other schools. The steps implemented by the principal related to instructional leadership are very good, because the principal covers the whole leadership from teachers, staff and students in the school. The role played by the principal is quite good, because the principal carries out the role of instructional leadership to understand that one of their tasks is to encourage teachers and other school members to join in their efforts and focus their energy on school goals.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the application of Indonesian language rules and analyze phonological and morphological errors. Indonesian as the official language of the country is able to unite various ethnicities and cultures spread throughout the country. Teaching Indonesian does not only focus on language rules, but also provides a solid foundation for students to develop their communication skills. The method in this study uses the library research method or can be called library research. This method is used by collecting data by analyzing or reading a book, journal, document analysis, other literature studies to analyze things that are relevant to the topic being discussed. This method is used because it is to explore theories about how to apply phonology and morphology and how to analyze errors that occur in phonology and morphology. In this library research, the author collects data and studies it gradually and analyzes theories in books, journals, and other literature studies.

This article examines the implementation of characterieducationiin Indonesia's national curriculum asian effortito build a generation with high integrity. This literature-based research analyzes various character education models that have been implemented in the national curriculum and identifies challenges and opportunities in their implementation. The results show that character education holistically integrated into the curriculum hasia significantiimpaction developing attitudesiandibehaviors of integrity among students. Supporting factors for successful character education include teacher modeling, conducive schoolenvironments, family support, and community collaboration. The main challenges lie in the consistency of implementation, educator capacity, and evaluation of character value achievements. This article recommends strengthening project-based and experiential learning approaches, developing educator capacity, and comprehensive evaluation models to optimize the process of character formation with integrity in students.

Language is a communication system used by a group of people to convey thoughts, feelings, and information. Language can be in the form of speech, writing, or sign, and has a structure consisting of vocabulary, grammar, and phonology. Each language has unique characteristics that reflect the culture and history of the user community. The means of communication used by humans to interact, which consists of a system of symbols and sounds that are arbitrary and meaningful. The purpose of this research is to analyze the confixation process in the Madura language contained in the short story "Tèra' È Konco'na Alas" by Miftahur, a student of SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Jember. Language as an important means of communication for social interaction, has various aspects that need to be researched, including morphology. In this context, the suffix affixation becomes the main focus, where this process involves the addition of suffixes at the beginning and end of the base word, which is a combination of prefixes and suffixes. The use of suffixes in the Madura language is an important aspect that reflects the richness of language morphology. Research results show that suffixes in the Madura language have significant variations, such as suffixes that function to form verbs, nouns, and adjectives. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach, which emphasizes more on the presentation of meaning, description, and explanation of data in relevant contexts. In the use of suffix in making short stories in Madura language.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of uring the Project Based Learning model on the ability to write narrative texts in grade IV students at UPT SDN 18 Gresik. The type of research used is quantitative research with an experimental reseacrh method. The experimental research method used is a quasi esperiment, because in this study the researcher cannot control all variables. The subjects involved in this research were class 4 of UPT SDN 18 Gresik in the 2024/2025 academic year, totaling 54 students who were divided into 2 classes, namely class IVA and IVB. The analysis used is descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistical analysis. Based on the result of the analysis that has been done, the average value of the post-test value of the experimental class is 83,77. While in the control class, the average value is 78,56. From these results, it it proven by hypothesis testing using the independent sample T Test at a significance level of ? = 0,05 showing a Sig value of 0,000, which means the Sig value < 0,05.

The novel Teruslah Bodoh Jangan Pintar by Tere Liye is one of the novels that has many readers in Indonesia. This study aims to describe the structure and educational values in the novel Teruslah Bodoh Jangan Pintar by Tere Liye. This research uses qualitative method. The data in this study are in the form of sentences in the novel Teruslah Bodoh Jangan Pintar by Tere Liye. The data source in this research is Teruslah Bodoh Jangan Pintar by Tere Liye. The result of this research shows that Teruslah Bodoh Jangan Pintar by Tere Liye has an intact structure as a novel. The structure includes theme, plot, characterisation, setting, language style, point of view, and mandate. Furthermore, the novel Teruslah Bodoh Jangan Pintar by Tere Liye also contains educational values such as the value of loving the environment, honest value, empathy value, responsibility value, courage value, and critical thinking value. Thus, the novel Teruslah Bodoh Jangan Pintar by Tere Liye can be used as an alternative teaching material in schools.

In the learning process in Elementary Schools (SD), the use of audio media is one of the innovative approaches that can increase the efficiency and interactivity of learning. The purpose of this article is to thoroughly study the use of audio media as an interactive learning tool in SD. This review includes ways to implement it, the benefits obtained, and the problems and solutions that arise when implementing it. The discussion method is carried out by conducting literature research and analyzing learning practices applied in several elementary schools. Audio media, such as podcasts, educational songs, audiobooks, and sound recordings, can increase student engagement, strengthen their understanding of the material, and support auditory learning styles. In addition, this media can be used in various fields of education, especially English, Indonesian, and Religious Education. However, there are still several problems that hinder the use of audio media. These include limited facilities, lack of teacher instruction, and student readiness to listen actively. As a result, the right approach is needed. These strategies include creating interesting audio content, incorporating it into learning activities, and improving teachers' ability to utilize educational technology. Audio media can help elementary school students get a fun and meaningful learning experience if used in a targeted and creative way.

The rapid development of information and communication technology has changed the way students access information and learn, making digital libraries an important resource for digital literacy learning in primary schools. This research aims to explore the role of digital libraries in enhancing digital literacy learning of primary school students. The methods used included a literature study and a survey of students and teachers in several primary schools. The results showed that digital libraries not only provide easy access to various information sources, but also provide tools and platforms that support the development of students' critical, analytical and creative skills. In addition, the digital library serves as a collaborative space that encourages interaction between students and teachers and between students and other learning resources. The implications of this study highlight the importance of integrating digital libraries into the school curriculum to maximise the learning potential of digital literacy among primary school students. Thus, the utilisation of digital libraries is expected to improve the quality of education and digital literacy skills of students in today's information age.

This study aims to determine: (1) the learning outcomes before using the Reading Guide learning strategy in the Islamic Theology and Ethics (Akidah Akhlak) subject on the topic of Asmaul Husna in class 4A of MIN 1 Serdang Bedagai; (2) the learning outcomes after using the Reading Guide strategy in the same subject and class; and (3) the implementation of the Reading Guide strategy in improving students’ learning outcomes. This research is a Classroom Action Research (CAR) involving 27 students from class 4A as the research subjects. The findings indicate that prior to the implementation of the strategy, students’ average score was 58.9%, with only 26% (7 students) achieving the minimum mastery criteria. After applying the Reading Guide strategy in Cycle I, the average score increased to 67.03%, with 59% (16 students) achieving mastery. In Cycle II, the average score further increased to 83.37%, with 100% (27 students) meeting the mastery criteria. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Reading Guide strategy effectively improves students’ learning outcomes in the Islamic Theology and Ethics subject on the topic of Asmaul Husna in class 4A of MIN 1 Serdang Bedagai for the academic year 2022–2023.

The main problem in this study is the influence of flash card media on the results of reading skills of grade 1 students of UPTD SDN 214 Inpres Bawalangiri. This study aims to describe the Influence of Flash Card Media on Beginning Reading Skills for the Indonesian Language Subject for Grade 1 UPTD SDN 214 Inpres Bawalangiri. This type of research is quantitative research that uses experimental research (pre-experimental design) with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The population in this study were all grade 1 students of UPTD SDN 214 Inpres Bawalangiri with a sample size of 31 students. The research instruments used in collecting data were tests (pretest-posttest) and observation sheets. The data analysis technique used in this study used descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistical analysis with the t-test. The results of the study prove that there is an influence of reading skills with flash card media on grade 1 students of UPTD SDN 214 Inpres Bawalangiri.

This study explores how a digital-based listen–response method—combining vibrant video stimuli with instant, game-like feedback on the Quizizz platform—can transform listening comprehension from a passive task into an energizing adventure. Involving 39 junior high students, the research gathered performance data from structured listening quizzes and direct teacher observations. With an impressive average score of 87.17—most students achieving “Good” to “Excellent” levels—and vivid improvements in focus and enthusiasm, the findings reveal that turning listening exercises into interactive challenges boosts both comprehension and motivation. Yet, to master higher-order inferential skills, follow-up discussions and reflection activities are essential. By harnessing this method, educators can reimagine listening lessons as interactive journeys that captivate learners and deepen their language skills.

The purpose of this study is to describe the learning outcomes of students with the application of Direct Instruction learning in making ribbon embroidery in class XI Clothing 2 SMKN 3 Kediri. This study is a descriptive quantitative study using a one-shot case study research design. This study was located at SMKN 3 Kediri City in the even semester of the 2023/2024 academic year. The population and sample used purposive sampling techniques totaling 30 students of class XI clothing 2. The research instrument used a learning outcome assessment rubric that had been set in the school curriculum. The data collection technique used ribbon embroidery outcome assessment. The data analysis technique used descriptive analysis. The results of the study showed that the learning outcomes of students applied to Direct Instruction learning had satisfactory results, as evidenced by the data on student learning outcomes in making ribbon embroidery with the application of Direct Instruction getting 100% of students completing the results from 30 students in class learning, which can be categorized into very good criteria.

Islamic education in the era of globalization faces the challenge of remaining relevant to the times without losing its Islamic identity. Al-Irsyad Satya Islamic School, as one of the leading educational institutions, implements the Cambridge curriculum integrated with Islamic values to provide quality education that is internationally oriented. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Cambridge curriculum at the preschool level at Al-Irsyad Satya, focusing on the implementation strategy, the challenges faced, and the impact on learning development.This study uses a descriptive qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with teachers and principals, as well as direct observation of the learning process in preschool classes. Data analysis was conducted through data reduction techniques, data presentation, and conclusion drawing based on qualitative analysis steps. The results showed that the implementation of the Cambridge curriculum at Al-Irsyad Satya is done through the integration of Cambridge-based academic materials with Islamic values, such as noble morals and Islamic manners, which are taught in every learning activity. Challenges faced include adjusting the international curriculum to local needs and training teachers to ensure a deep understanding of both aspects. Nevertheless, the impact is very positive, especially in developing students' academic abilities, Islamic character and social skills as a whole. This study concludes that the integrative approach implemented by Al-Irsyad Satya Islamic School can serve as a model for other Islamic education institutions in adopting the international curriculum without losing Islamic values.

Literature serves as a mirror reflecting the social and cultural dynamics of society. This serves as the foundation for analyzing the play "Kereta Kencana" in this journal. The work of W.S. Rendra is the subject of this study, aimed at uncovering its meaning and structure through a structuralist approach. This research delves into various narrative layers, structures, and messages contained within the text. Utilizing a qualitative descriptive method and a structuralist approach, the case study on "Kereta Kencana" will analyze its intrinsic elements. The findings provide a deeper understanding of intrinsic components such as characters, characterization, plot, setting, point of view, moral, and theme. Additionally, this study explores the relationships between characters, plot development, philosophical and social messages, as well as the stylistic choices employed.

This study aims to integrate the learning of Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) with the traditional hula hoop game in Pramuka Siaga extracurricular activities at MIS Dadirejo. The research employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive design. The subjects of the study include fourth and fifth-grade students actively participating in Pramuka activities. Data collection techniques involve observation, interviews, and documentation. The findings reveal that the innovative use of hula hoop games can enhance students' motor skills, such as body coordination and balance, as well as their understanding of concepts like force, energy, and gravity taught in IPAS subjects. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of integrating traditional games into active learning to simultaneously improve students' physical and academic skills.

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of using short stories to enhance the writing creativity of fourth-grade elementary students through a literature review approach. It employs a qualitative descriptive method with a non-experimental design. Data were gathered from various written sources such as scientific journals, books, and relevant proceedings, focusing on the role of short stories as a medium for writing instruction. The findings indicate that short stories can stimulate students' imagination, expressive abilities, and narrative understanding through structured plots rich in emotional meaning. Short stories also support students in composing more organized, creative, and expressive narrative texts, in line with the concrete thinking stage of Piaget’s theory. This approach aligns with constructivist principles, as it encourages students to connect personal experiences with story content. In the learning process, short stories are considered more engaging than traditional methods because they create a more interactive and meaningful learning environment. Therefore, the use of short stories has the potential to be an effective instructional strategy in fostering writing creativity and building a strong foundation in literacy from an early age.

Adolescent career independence is a crucial aspect in facing the increasingly competitive world of work. This article discusses the role of education and environment in shaping adolescent career independence. Education, both formal and non-formal, provides the foundation of skills and knowledge needed to enter the world of work. On the other hand, the environment, including family, peers, and social communities, plays a role in shaping adolescents' mindsets, values, and motivations in planning their future. This study uses a qualitative approach with a literature study to explore the factors that influence adolescent career independence. The results show that quality education, effective career guidance, and positive environmental support contribute greatly to increasing adolescent readiness to make career decisions independently. In conclusion, collaboration between education, family, and society is key to building a young generation that is independent and ready to face the challenges of the world of work.

Social media has become an important part of modern society, including in Indonesia. Its rapid development has a significant influence on various aspects of life, one of which is language. The influence of social media on the development of the Indonesian language is often seen from the emergence of new terms, the use of informal language, and the simplification of sentence structures. Language changes influenced by social media raise concerns about the decline in the ability to speak good and correct Indonesian, especially among the younger generation. This study aims to determine the influence of social media on the development of the Indonesian language among teenagers. The findings include the entry of absorption from foreign languages, especially English. Words such as "selfie", "hashtag", "viral", and "followers" are examples of new vocabulary that originally came from English but are now widely used by Indonesian speakers. The influence of social media on the development of vocabulary in Indonesian can also be seen from the use of abbreviations and acronyms. Due to character limitations on some platforms such as Twitter, users often use abbreviations to express themselves.

This study examines Chairil Anwar's poem "Diponegoro" from the perspective of literary sociology, focusing on the analysis of the values ??of struggle contained therein. This poem depicts the figure of Prince Diponegoro as a symbol of resistance against colonialism, which reflects the spirit of the Indonesian people's struggle during the colonial period. Through the approach of literary sociology according to Wellek and Warren. This analysis also pays attention to how Chairil Anwar uses the figure of Diponegoro to convey messages about courage, sacrifice, and steadfastness in fighting oppression. The results of the study show that the poem "Diponegoro" not only functions as an individual expression of the author, but also as a form of representation of the collective aspirations of the people who are fighting for independence. Thus, the values ??of struggle in this poem have strong social relevance, illustrating the relationship between literary works and the social dynamics around them.

Globalization is a phenomenon that brings major changes in various aspects of life, including in the field of Islamic education. This article aims to examine the impact of globalization on the Islamic education system, the challenges and opportunities faced, and strategies for strengthening Islamic education in the midst of global currents. The research method used is a literature study with a qualitative approach. The results of the study show that globalization has an ambivalent impact on Islamic education, which on the one hand opens wide access to science and technology, but on the other hand brings serious challenges related to moral decline, consumptive culture, and identity crisis among the younger generation. Strategies that can be implemented include prophetic approaches, reinventing the Islamic education system, and supporting institutional transformation and human resources. This research recommends that Islamic education not only survive the globalization, but also be able to play an active role in shaping civilization rooted in Islamic values.

A paragraph is the smallest unit in written discourse which has an important role in building text cohesion and coherence. However, a lack of understandiag of the structure and function of paragraphs often becomes an obstacle in writing, especially in the context of learning Indonesian at the high school level. This research aims to analyze the structure and function of paragraphs in various types of text, such as narrative, descriptive and expository, and identify patterns that support communication effectiveness. This research uses a qualitative method with a content analysis approach. Data were obtained from five Indonesian high school level textbooks chosen randomly. The analysis focuses on paragraph structure (subject, predicate, object) and characteristics of text types. The research instrument includes guidelines for paragraph structure analysis, classification of text types, and criteria for effective paragraphs. The research results show that each type of text has a unique paragraph structure and function pattern, in accordance with its communication objectives. Narrative paragraphs support the storyline, descriptive create images, and expository convey factual information logically. In conclusion, understanding the structure and function of paragraphs can improve students' writing skills. This research recommends strengthening learning strategies that focus on analyzing paragraph structure and text variety to improve students' writing skills effectively.

The ability to understand denotative and connotative meanings is important in supporting the development of students' literacy and critical thinking skills in elementary schools. However, in practice, students still have difficulty in distinguishing the two types of meanings, especially in the context of connotative sentences that are figurative and require contextual interpretation. This study aims to analyze the ability of sixth grade elementary school students to identify and understand denotative and connotative meanings through various forms of questions, namely multiple choice, fill-in-the-blank, and descriptive, with a qualitative approach using the case study method. The steps of the case study include determining the focus of the study, literature review, case selection, data collection, data processing, data analysis, negotiation of results, and conclusions. The subjects of the study consisted of five sixth grade elementary school students who were analyzed based on their answers to the instruments that had been prepared. The results of the study showed that students had a good basic understanding of denotative and connotative meanings in explicit form. However, they still had difficulty in interpreting connotative meanings contextually and figuratively. The novelty of this study lies in the use of a contextual learning approach that is relevant to students' social and cultural lives, which has been proven to improve students' ability to understand meaning reflectively and critically.
 

This study aims to analyze the interference of local dialects in Indonesian language learning at the elementary school level. The research employs a qualitative method, utilizing data collection techniques such as participatory observation and in-depth interviews. The findings reveal that most students experience linguistic interference in various aspects. Several factors contribute to this interference, including the dominance of the Minangkabau dialect in daily life, the lack of emphasis on the differences between regional dialects and standard Indonesian in the learning process, and the limitations of teaching methods used by educators. Based on these findings, it is recommended that Indonesian language teachers implement more effective and contextual learning strategies. These strategies may include increasing students' awareness of the differences between regional dialects and standard Indonesian, employing interactive and engaging teaching methods, providing specialized training in pronunciation and sentence structure that aligns with Indonesian language rules, and conducting regular evaluations to adjust learning strategies according to students' needs. With a more adaptive and innovative approach, students are expected to acquire better proficiency in Indonesian and reduce the influence of local dialects in their learning process

This article discusses the importance of language as a communication tool and its role in conveying information effectively. The main focus of the research is the analysis of spelling and punctuation errors in online news published by Karanganyarnews from 24 October to 15 November 2024. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, which aims to describe and analyze the language errors found. The results showed 21 errors, consisting of 15 spelling errors and 6 punctuation errors. These errors include the use of standard words, capital letters, and the use of foreign languages. These findings emphasize that correct understanding and application of language rules is very crucial to avoid misunderstandings in communication. In conclusion, errors in writing can interfere with readers’ understanding, so writers are expected to pay more attention to language rules in writing.

The purpose of the research was to analyze the gap between students' narrative writing knowledge and skills. This research employs a qualitative methodology, specifically descriptive qualitative research. Data is gathered using document study methods, which include gathering and examining written documents, photographs, artwork, and electronic devices. A systematic study is then created by analyzing, comparing, and synthesizing the collected documents. Based on the aforementioned data collection methods, the research tools used are the narrative text knowledge assessment sheet and the narrative text writing skills assessment sheet. It is possible to draw the conclusion that students' knowledge and proficiency in the narrative text material are lacking.

Listening ability is one of the basic language skills that is important in supporting the learning process of students in elementary schools. However, in practice, students still have difficulty in capturing information from listening materials, especially when learning is carried out conventionally without the support of interesting media. This study aims to analyze the ability to listen to information from audio media in grade VI elementary school students with a qualitative approach using the case study method. The steps of the case study method are determining the focus of the study, literature, determining the case, data processing, data analysis, negotiating the results of the study, and conclusions. The subjects of the study consisted of five students who were analyzed based on their answers to five thematic audio media-based listening questions. The results of the study showed that students were able to understand the contents of the story, recognize characters and traits, and capture moral messages from the listening materials. However, there were still shortcomings in the aspect of regularity in reorganizing information and in-depth understanding of the character of the character. The novelty of this study lies in the analytical approach based on mapping student difficulties and the use of audio media that is relevant to everyday life, which has been proven to increase students' imagination and involvement in listening activities. This study recommends the use of audio media in a varied and contextual way in learning Indonesian in elementary schools.
 
 

The development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology in the education sector has undergone major changes. These changes bring great opportunities to change the learning process to be more personal, effective, and inclusive. The purpose of this journal is to analyze the potential and challenges that need to be faced in the application of AI in education so that it can run optimally. The method used in this study is the literature review method of various recent studies that discuss the use of AI in education, The results of the study show that AI has great potential to improve the personalization of learning and educational efficiency. However, there are number of significant challenges, such as limited infrastructure, privacy and data security issues, resistance from educators and students, and the digital divide that still occurs in several regions. Therefore, a strategy is needed that includes a academic laziness that reduces learning motivation, constraints on AI contextual knowledge, Inability to process complex information, loss of literacy skills, amd the risk of addiction to AI technology. With a planned and sustainable strategy, AI has great potential to improve the quality of national education and also reduce the dangers that may arise from the modern technological era.

This research focuses on examining the intensive reading learning process of third-grade elementary students when engaging with narrative texts. The objective is to investigate students' ability to comprehend the narrative structure, interpret meanings, and respond to the messages within the text. Employing a qualitative descriptive method, the data were obtained through direct classroom observation, interviews with teaching staff, and evaluation of students’ reading tasks. The findings reveal that although students demonstrate interest in reading narratives, many still struggle to recognize essential components such as plot sequences, character development, and moral lessons. Teachers are instrumental in facilitating students' understanding by implementing supportive strategies, including guided reading, interactive questioning, and the integration of visual materials. The study highlights the importance of a well-structured and supportive learning environment to foster students’ reading comprehension and critical engagement with texts.

The rapid development of social media has changed the learning patterns of the digital generation, including in learning Japanese. This study examines the effectiveness of short videos based on social media such as YouTube Shorts, TikTok, and Instagram Reels as a medium for learning Japanese. The study used a quantitative approach through a descriptive survey with a Likert scale instrument, involving 61 respondents who had experience teaching Japanese using short videos. The findings showed that this media effectively improved vocabulary and phrase understanding, practised pronunciation, and built learning motivation. However, its effectiveness in developing productive skills such as speaking and writing is still limited. Most respondents also stated the need for longer content to deepen mastery of the material. These findings indicate that short videos have the potential to be an interesting, practical, and easily accessible learning medium. However, the development of learning content should be directed at combining the visual appeal of short videos and communication practice-oriented materials to achieve more optimal and sustainable learning outcomes.

This study aims to analyze the listening skills of students of the Indonesian Language Education (PBI) study program at Siliwangi University in understanding folk tales delivered through audiovisual media which is considered capable of increasing student involvement and understanding in the listening process because it combines visual and audio elements simultaneously. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative, with data collection techniques through listening tests. The results of the study indicate that the use of audiovisual media significantly helps students understand the content of the story, characters, and cultural values ??contained in folk tales. In addition, this media also motivates students to be more active and focused in listening activities. This study recommends the use of audiovisual media as an alternative to effective listening learning in language teaching, especially in the context of folk tales.

This study examines how digital technology can help boost elementary school students’ interest in learning the Indonesian language. As technology continues to influence the way education is delivered, incorporating digital tools into the classroom has become increasingly important. The study examines how interactive learning techniques, including educational games, digital storytelling, and multimedia presentations, can enhance the engagement and enjoyment of language learning for elementary students. A qualitative descriptive methodology was used, with data collected through interviews with both teachers and students, classroom observations, and the review of relevant documents. The results indicate that digital technology significantly contributes to increasing students' motivation, participation, and curiosity. Interactive digital tools foster a more lively and enjoyable learning atmosphere, making it easier for students to grasp and relate to the content. Teachers also reported that students became more active during lessons and demonstrated improved comprehension and vocabulary usage.The study concludes that integrating digital technology into Indonesian language lessons can shift traditional teaching methods toward more student-centered and engaging learning. It is recommended that schools invest in proper digital infrastructure and provide training for teachers to fully benefit from interactive learning approaches
 

To improve the understanding of fifth grade elementary school students about the material of free morphemes and bound morphemes, this type of research is research and development (R&D). The results of the preliminary study showed that there was no learning media that facilitated learning and that students did not understand free morphemes and bound morphemes. Based on these findings, the author plans to create an illustrated e-book called "The Adventures of Bound and Free Morphemes" to improve students' understanding in fifth grade elementary school. The results of the validation of the first material expert and media expert showed that the e-book received a score of 70.7% and was included in the category. Thus, it can be concluded that the e-book is valid and practical to use to improve students' understanding.

This research discusses the impact of using 3D animation, especially using the Plotagon Studio application, on material on organizational movement towards independence at Cendana DDI Samarinda Middle School, which has several objectives: 1) To find out the procedures for implementing learning with 3D animation using the Plotagon Studio application. 2) to find out how teachers and students respond to learning using 3D animation, especially with the Plotagon Studio application at SMP Cendana DDI Samarinda. The type of research used is qualitative descriptive research which includes data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this research reveal that when using the Plotagon Studio application there are several procedures that need to be carried out. Apart from that, there were responses obtained from teachers and students regarding the use of 3D animation videos and the use of the Plotagon Studio application at SMP Cendana DDI Samarinda.

Ludruk "Sogol Pendekar Sumur Gemuling" is a performing art work rich in human values. In this analysis, the theme of solidarity is highlighted through the interaction of characters who support each other in facing challenges. The courage of the characters in fighting for the truth and protecting the weak illustrates the essence of human struggle in everyday life. Intelligent and meaningful dialogues lead the audience to reflect on their role in the community, as well as the importance of respecting and helping each other. In addition, the sacrifices shown by the main characters provide a deeper dimension to the understanding of human values. These sacrifices are not only physical, but also emotional, reflecting the complexity of human relationships. Through these elements, this ludruk successfully invites the audience to absorb the importance of empathy and a sense of social responsibility. Thus, "Sogol Pendekar Sumur Gemuling" is not only entertainment, but also a means of reflection on the noble values that must be upheld in community life.

This study aims to examine the motivation to learn Arabic among students who graduated from "non-pesantren" at the Al-Amien Islamic Institute (IDIA) Prenduan. The main focus of this study is to understand the factors that encourage and inhibit the motivation to learn Arabic for students who do not have a pesantren educational background. This study uses a qualitative method with a case study approach, where data is collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that students who graduated from non-pesantren have individual strategies in fostering motivation to learn Arabic, namely: starting with buying a vocabulary book, listening to Arabic conversations around them, bringing a dictionary, asking questions often, listening to Arabic songs, consistently memorizing vocabulary, reflecting on seniors and classmates who are proficient in Arabic, reducing sleep time, understanding their subjects. Motivation to learn Arabic among students who graduated from non-pesantren is influenced by intrinsic factors such as personal interests, academic goals, and support from the social and academic environment. These findings are expected to contribute to the development of more effective learning strategies to increase motivation to learn Arabic among students with diverse educational backgrounds.

Islamic Religious Education and Character Education learning has an important role in shaping students' character and morals. However, the low level of student learning activity is still a challenge in the learning process. This is caused by the use of conventional learning methods that are less interesting and interactive, so that students tend to be passive. As an alternative, digital media such as Quizizz media offers a more innovative and enjoyable learning approach to increase student active participation. This study aims to describe how the use of Quizizz media can (1) increase student learning activity in group discussions, (2) increase learning activity in daring to ask questions, and (3) increase student participation in answering questions in Islamic religious education learning in class VIII of SMP Negeri 1 Jenangan Ponorogo. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with interview, observation, and documentation techniques. Data were analyzed using the Milles and Huberman techniques, namely data collection, reduction, presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study show that the use of Quizizz media (1) increases student activity in group discussions with an interactive and fun atmosphere, (2) encourages students to be more confident in asking questions with direct feedback that helps them understand the material, (3) can increase students' responses in answering questions, train focus, speed of thinking and understanding through a scoring system and time limits.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of Drops app in improving Japanese vocabulary acquisition among beginners. Based on the theory of cognitivism, the study used a descriptive qualitative method with a sample of 21 subjects who answered 11 questions through a Google Form survey. Results showed that the use of Drops significantly increased the average vocabulary score by 43 % (from 28.5 to 40.7), which was influenced by the integration of gamification features and spaced repetition mechanism in the application. The majority of respondents (76 %) reported high satisfaction with ease of use, learning motivation, and effectiveness of visual illustrations, consistent with previous research on audiovisual and gamification-based mobile apps. However, about 24 % of respondents recorded medium to low scores on motivational aspects and interface appearance, indicating the need for UX/UI enhancements to expand adoption. Demographic statistics revealed the average age of respondents to be 18.38 years (Q1=17; median=18; Q3=20), confirming that teenagers and pre-adults are the main group of Drops users. The findings provide recommendations for both language education practitioners and app developers to optimize design and features to maximize vocabulary learning effectiveness.

Poetry is a literary work that is produced from someone's experiences. A poem is composed using beautiful language and meaningful words written in the form of verses. To understand the meaning conveyed in a poem, semantic analysis needs to be conducted. Semantics is a branch of linguistics that discusses meaning and significance. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the meanings contained in W.S. Rendra's poem titled "Sajak Matahari" (The Sun Poem). Semantic analysis in this study is focused on analyzing lexical meaning, referential meaning, grammatical meaning, and figurative meaning. The method used in this study is qualitative descriptive method. The qualitative descriptive approach will allow researchers to analyze the details of meaning in the poem to explain the meaning more deeply. In collecting research data, researchers use reading and note-taking techniques. The reading technique is carried out by reading the contents of the poem, then the results of reading the poem to examine the meaning. Note-taking technique is used to record lexical, referential, grammatical, and figurative meanings. The result of the meaning analysis in the poem "Sajak Matahari" is a poem that discusses perseverance/call for creating change in society, thus creating a fair and peaceful situation.

Lado ceremony is a local cultural tradition carried out from generation to generation by the people of Kloangpopot community in Doreng district Sikka regency. This paper aims to determine how the process of the lado ceremony the types of figurative language and the meaning of figurative language used in the lado ceremony. Lado ceremony in Kloangpopot community is still implemented until now, where local people still believe in the lado ceremony as a way to fortify the rain during certain events, one of which in a wedding ceremony. The research method used in this Paper is a descriptive qualitative method, which uses data collection methods through observation and interview. The results showed that the Lado ceremony in the Kloangpopot community has several stages of the implementation process, starting from the preparation stage including ordering Pawang hujan services, preparing media tools and materials, then the core stage includes the implementation of the Lado ceremony carried out by the pawang hujan, then the closing stage of handing over souvenirs from the host to the pawang hujan as a form of gratitude for helping so that the host’s event process runs smoothly without rain. In the Lado ceremony there are also types of figurative language and their respective meanings, namely personification simile and repetition, the dominant type of figurative language is personification.

It is very important to implement an information system during the pandemic. Having this information system will make it easier for all parties to understand and understand how educational information can be implemented well. Optimal education can be given or received by all parties in it, such as teachers, lecturers, pupils, university students and so on, regardless of basic or higher education, it is hoped that they will be able to maximize the various collections and applications of the information system. As for the aim of the author of this article is to describe the implementation of management information systems in improving education during the pandemic using literature studies that analyze journals, books and other sources. The author uses descriptive literature studies by selecting sources through journal articles that are relevant to the Covid-19 pandemic

Language errors are inappropriate or incorrect use of grammar rules, vocabulary, spelling, or sentence structure in a language. Language errors can occur due to various factors, such as a lack of understanding of grammatical rules, influence from other languages, or lack of awareness of correct and appropriate usage in certain communication situations. This research aims to analyze errors in using Indonesian properly in making presentations by students of the Indonesian Language Education Study Program at Medan State University. The method used for research and collecting data is through direct observation through presentations during lectures via Via-zoom media by recording the progress of the presentation. The implication of this research is the importance of increasing understanding and mastery of good and standard Indonesian for students. The research target is students of the Class C Indonesian language study program class of 2022 at Medan State University in order to improve the quality of presentations for the future.
 
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In 21st century learning, students are required to master 21st century themes, one of which is environmental literacy. This research aims to analyze the increase in students' environmental literacy using Socio-Scientific Issues based e-modules. The research method used was pre-experimental with a quantitative approach. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling where the class used is class X-2. The research data shows that the increase in environmental literacy for class Based on the data from this research, the use of e-modules based on Socio-Scientific Issues can increase students' environmental literacy in environmental change material.
 
 

Indonesian history records the important role of the Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie (VOC) in shaping culture and government systems. The VOC, a Dutch trading company, was dominant in the colonial era, controlling territory that is now part of Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore. In its influence, the VOC not only brought Western culture but also expanded corrupt practices in Indonesia. This study uses qualitative research methods with a focus on literature study. Data was obtained through analysis of primary and secondary sources, as well as interviews with historians. This approach allows for an in-depth understanding of VOC culture and the impact of the corruption it initiated. Corruption started by the VOC is still a continuing problem in Indonesia because it has affected culture, social structure and government. Efforts to overcome this problem require hard and consistent work from the government and society. The VOC's influence not only introduced corruption during the colonial period, but also left a lasting legacy that influences Indonesia to this day. This corruption has become integrated into the culture and system of government, requiring continued efforts to overcome its impacts.

Integrating infomaation technology media in language learning can produce the latest information to improve languaage skills and mastery, especially in early chilldhood. The research method used Systematic Literature Review. Date collecation during2018-2023. The articles used in this study were 36 national and accredited jourmal articles obtained from Google scholar, Scholar, Rasearch Gate, SINTA, DOAJ. Based onthis research,it is found that the integration of technology-based mediain learming can create eariy childhood interest, attract attention, make children happier and more motivated to leam and accelerate language acquisition.
 
 

This research aims to identify barriers to the use of Indonesian in the learning process in the Physical Education, Health and Recreation study program. To measure perceptions and experiences regarding the use of Indonesian in learning, especially in understanding technical content, providing teaching, and communicating between students. This research uses a quantitative approach method by distributing questionnaires to third semester students. The research results show that the majority of respondents think that using Indonesian is effective in understanding basic concepts, but it is difficult to understand technical terms in foreign languages. In addition, misunderstandings often occur between instructors and students, especially in teaching practice environments. Another barrier identified was the lack of specific vocabulary in Indonesian to explain complex concepts in the fields of sport and health. The results of this research indicate that there is a need to adopt terminology in Indonesian that is easier to understand and improve instructors' abilities in creating teaching materials in language that is easier to understand.

The sacrifice of sacrifice is one of the most important acts of worship in Islam. It is mandatory for Muslims who are capable as a form of obedience and obedience to the commands of Allah Swt. Apart from being a form of obedience to Allah Swt, sacrifice also contains social values ??and concern for others. Through Qurban, Muslims are taught to share their sustenance with other people, especially those who are less fortunate. Therefore, this research aims to describe how the wisdom behind sacrificial worship can provide a deeper understanding of the importance of this worship in the lives of Muslims, as well as how qurban can provide broad benefits for individuals and society as a whole. This research uses the research method used, namely the type of library research or library study, which involves collecting, reading, recording and processing data from various literary sources such as books, magazines and others. The research results show that sacrificial worship has several lessons that cover various spiritual, social, economic and educational aspects. These studies provide a clearer picture of the breadth and depth of the wisdom behind the sacrifice of sacrifice, as well as how this practice continues to be relevant and brings benefits in various aspects of Muslim life.

This research aims to increase the learning motivation of elementary school students through the application of interactive learning methods. Interactive learning methods are believed to be able to stimulate students' interest and active participation in the teaching and learning process. We conducted this research using a quantitative approach by applying an experimental design. Data was collected through questionnaires and observations of fourth and fifth grade students in one of the elementary schools in Padang. The results showed that the use of interactive learning methods significantly increased students' learning motivation. The conclusion of this study confirms the importance of integrating interactive learning methods in the primary education curriculum to encourage student engagement and motivation.

The research aims to determine the effect of the Team Assisted Individualization learning model on student learning outcomes in Pancasila education learning in class IV SDN 22 Duku. This research uses a quantitative type of research with a quasi-experimental design experimental method in the form of a non-equivalent control group. The sample in this study was all 34 class IV students at SDN 22 Duku, of which 17 class IV A students and 17 class IVB students. The experimental class in this research is class IV A and the control class is class IV B. Based on the data analysis that has been carried out, the t count is 3.18 and the t table is 2.042. so the experimental class in this study was class IV A and the control class was class IV B. This shows that there is a significant influence on the implementation of the Team Assisted Individualization (TAI) type cooperative model on the results of dozens of class IV elementary school students.

This research aims to compare the semantic phenomena of slang used by the Millennial generation and Gen Z on social media. The main focus of this research is to identify the types of slang that are often used by both generations, as well as understanding the meaning and reasons for the use of slang by the Millennial generation. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative, with data obtained through journal reviews and analysis of documentation from social media such as Facebook, X (formerly known as Twitter), and Instagram. This research found that there are significant differences in the types of slang used by the Millennial and Gen Z generations, which are influenced by cultural and technological developments. In addition, this research reveals that the main reason the Millennial generation uses slang on social media is to strengthen social ties, show familiarity, and follow trends. The use of slang is also considered a way to create a unique and relevant digital identity in their social environment.

This research aims to, (1) determine the process of developing teaching materials explanatory text assisted by the Canva application, (2) describes the shape development of explanatory text teaching materials assisted by the Canva application, (3) measuring the feasibility of developing assisted explanatory text teaching materials Canva application for class VIII students. This research uses samples as many as 30 students in class VIII-3 at SMP Al-Washliyah 30 Sukoharjo Medan with the research and development (R&D) method developed by Sugiyono 2017 with stages of potential and problems, data collection, design product, product validation, product revision, and product testing. Instruments that used inthis research is the Likert scale on the material validation questionnaire, media, teacher assessment, and student responses. The research results show that Explanatory text teaching materials assisted by the Canva application for class VIII SMP students including the "very good" criteria which can be seen from the validation of the material to obtain a score 94.25% in the "very good" category, media validation received a score of 95% with the "very good" category, and the teacher's assessment of the subject area received a score 97.5% in the "very good" category. Therefore it can be concluded that Explanatory text teaching materials assisted by the Canva application are suitable for use in the learning process.

The Nun is technically a prequel to the ever-expanding Conjuring Universe. This film tells the story of the origins of VALAK, the super scary demon nun from The Conjuring 2. Synopsis The Nun is set in 1952, at the Carta Monastery in Romania which is known to be haunted and cursed by local residents. This film tells the story of the investigation carried out by Father Burke, Sister Irene and Frenchie into the suicide of one of the nuns in the convent. In their investigation they find out that something is wrong with the place and they have to solve the puzzles one by one. In film this involves the collection and analysis of non-numerical data, such as text, images, or audio recordings. Researchers can use this method to explore the researcher's experience of watching the film, our perceptions of the characters and themes, and the impact of the film on moral beliefs and values. Unlike in the film The NUN, Valak in Christian demonology is actually a demon in the form of a small angel who rides a two-headed dragon, and is considered the commander of 38 legions of evil spirits. Some life lessons that can be taken from this film are obeying God, obeying his commands and staying away from his prohibitions.

This research aimed to analyze the content of the English textbook "English for International Tourism" by Peter Strutt using the approach proposed by Brian Tomlinson. The research utilized a qualitative descriptive technique through checklist observations of several indicators of book content criteria. The analysis focused on the relevance, coherence, learner engagement, suitability, readability, and creativity of the materials presented in both textbooks. The findings revealed that "English for International Tourism" successfully presented updated, varied, engaging, and challenging content that not only fostered learner engagement in the tourism industry but also aided in developing learners' confidence and relevant language skills. Moreover, this book met various criteria for effective language learning materials, including facilitating learner comfort, building confidence, providing relevant and useful content, and offering opportunities for communicative language use. The book also considered various learning styles, affective attitudes, and provided feedback for delayed positive instructional effects.

Writing descriptive text is an activity carried out by someone in telling or describing a particular object so that the reader will be able to know clearly what the general description of the object being discussed is. At the elementary school level, when learning Indonesian, writing descriptive texts is one of the learning achievements that must be achieved by students. The development of descriptive text writing skills can be achieved using the problem based learning method so that it allows students to think critically during learning so as to improve student learning outcomes.

This research aims to determine the influence of the Indonesian language contextual learning model in writing e-book based reviews in class VII of SMP Negeri 1 Batang Kuis and to obtain an overview of the influence of the Indonesian language contextual learning model in writing e-book based reviews in class VII of SMP Negeri 1 Batang Kuis This research was carried out on May 29 2024 at SMP Negeri 1 Batang Kuis. The approach taken in this research is quantitative. The sample technique is taken 20% of the total population. The research instrument used was a questionnaire. The results found in this research are that there is a significant influence between the Indonesian contextual learning model in writing e-book based reviews in class VII SMP Negeri 1 Batang Kuis. The results of the research show that if you look at the accumulated data in table 21, there are respondents in the strongly agree category with a score of 412, respondents in the agree category with a score of 579, respondents in the disagree category with a score of 196 and respondents in the disagree category with a score of 11 so that it can be drawn. The conclusion is that students generally admit that they have the ability to write e-book based reviews using the contextual learning model.

The aims of this research are to help students new to English phonology understand its fundamentals. The study employs a literature review methodology to explore the field of English phonology. It addresses key topics for beginners, including the basic units of sound (phonemes) and their variations (allophones). The research also discusses vowel and consonant reduction, which impacts the pronunciation of certain sounds. Finally, it provides an overview of how consonant and vowel sounds are grouped based on their characteristics. By studying these elements, beginners can enhance their pronunciation, recognize different sound patterns, and improve their overall communication skills in English.

In the industrial era 4.0, literacy is considered an essential need for every human being to meet the needs of daily life. Education plays the first and main role in the progress of the nation and the State of Indonesia, Indonesia is known as an archipelagic country, this makes Indonesia has a diversity of tribes, races and groups that have many cultures. With the current of globalization that continues to grow, the younger generation is less interested in traditions and culture The process of implementing cultural and civic literacy is among them through the process of traditional game activities carried out by students as a form of cultural literacy activities. In order for the implementation of cultural and civic learning to take place effectively and efficiently, teachers and students in schools must take various steps, such as having school policies that affirm the importance of cultural and civic knowledge, which will affect cultural and civic learning.

This research aims to analyze consonant sequences in the phonology of the Indonesian language, focusing on patterns of distribution, combinations, and variations of consonants. The analytical method involves collecting data from representative Indonesian language texts, including books, articles, and everyday conversations. The analysis is conducted by examining the sequence of consonants, frequency of usage, and potential phonological changes. The results of this research can provide further insights into the phonological structure of the Indonesian language, the contribution of consonant patterns to language expression, and their potential implications for language learning and teaching. This study is expected to contribute to a deeper understanding of Indonesian phonology and to encourage further development in the field of linguistics.

This research delves into the intricate dynamics of emotional intelligence among Semester 3 cadets at the esteemed Maritime Institute Jakarta (STIP Jakarta). As the maritime industry places increasing emphasis on holistic competence, this study investigates the intersection of emotional intelligence, academic self-assessment, professional competences, and motivations. Over a span of three semesters, approximately 18 months, 240 cadets were engaged in a qualitative exploration, providing insights into their perspectives on emotional intelligence within the unique context of maritime education. The findings reveal a compelling correlation between emotional intelligence and academic self-checks, indicating that cadets with higher emotional intelligence levels exhibit proactive approaches to academic responsibilities. Moreover, emotional intelligence emerges as a significant influencer of professional competences, with high levels associated with effective decision-making and adaptive leadership. Intrinsic motivations play a pivotal role in shaping emotional intelligence, aligning cadets' passion with career aspirations and fostering genuine dedication to the maritime industry. The implications of this research are far-reaching. The recognition of emotional intelligence as a critical factor in academic success suggests the need for tailored interventions within the maritime education curriculum. Integrating modules focused on emotional intelligence development can equip cadets with essential skills for academic resilience and effective professional navigation. Furthermore, the study recommends mentorship programs, intrinsic motivation enhancement strategies, and collaborative initiatives between educational institutions and industry stakeholders to foster a workforce adept at emotional intelligence and ready for the challenges of maritime management. While the research contributes valuable insights to the discourse on emotional intelligence in maritime education, it also highlights the need for continued exploration. Future research could broaden the scope to include diverse cadet populations and employ additional research methods to validate and extend the current findings. This study stands as a foundational step towards understanding and enhancing emotional intelligence among maritime professionals, positioning them as not only technically proficient but also resilient and adaptive leaders in the global maritime arena.

The "Kolak Ayam" tradition in Gumeno Village is a typical cultural celebration carried out by the village community during the month of Ramadan. This tradition has historical origins close to the reign of King Sunan Dalem of the Giri Kedaton Kingdom and important events that occurred at that time. This tradition begins with the story of Sunan Dalem who fell seriously ill while building a mosque in his village. Through instructions in his dream, Sunan Dalem and the village community created a special food called "Kolak Ayam". Sunan Dalem recovered from his illness after eating this dish, and the tradition became a symbol of healing and celebration for the Gumeno people. This research aims to find out how people believe "Kolak Ayam" can cure diseases. This data collection technique uses interview techniques, observation and literature study. The results of research show that until now "Kolak Ayam" (Sanggring) is believed to be able to cure diseases. People believe that "Kolak Ayam" can cure diseases, this is caused by two things, the first is from the ingredients used to make "Kolak Ayam" which has many benefits, the second comes from Sunan Dalem's blessing and this belief is because in the past Sunan Dalem was cured by eating "Kolak Ayam ", people believed that "chicken compote" could cure the disease.
 
 

As a country with different religious backgrounds, this diversity is one of the important advantages in building social harmony and diversity. The value of religious tolerance is also reflected in government policies that prioritize the protection of religious freedom and prohibit discrimination based on religious belief. The importance of religious tolerance in Indonesian society is also reflected in the efforts of the government, non-governmental organizations, and religious communities to encourage interfaith dialogue, strengthen comprehensive religious education, and support interfaith social activities. Through this initiative, Indonesians can raise awareness of the importance of religious tolerance and build a solid foundation for inter-religious harmony. This can be seen from the people in the Cipta Menanggal Block 65 Surabaya environment and the people of Balun Village, Turi, Lamongan. Although the two communities have differences, they have similarities in tolerance, both tribal tolerance and religious tolerance. In addition, celebrations and commemorations of religious days and have similarities in accepting mixed marriages among the younger generation. There is still mutual respect as human beings, as well as religious people

Literary works are literary results, creations in the form of poems, prose, and plays (drama). Literary works are born as embodiments or depictions of life poured through the medium of writing. Therefore, it is closely related between literature and life. Through literature, the reader can express the meaning behind the work of the author. This research would examine a short story entitled "Gubrak!" by Seno Gumira Ajidarma. "Gubrak!" short story tells about a beauty that actually creates its own wounds. The purpose of this study was to describe the meaning of multiplication (perlexia) and the analysis of the five Barthes codes contained in the short story "Gubrak!" using Roland Barthes's theory of semiotics. The methods used in this study were qualitative descriptive methods as well as semiotic approaches with Roland Barthes' five-code semiotic theory consisting of hermeneutic codes, semic codes, symbolic codes, action codes, and referential codes. The result of this study was the discovery of 53 lexicons, each of which has a meaning, including 9 hermeneutic codes, 29 semic codes, 5 action codes, 3 referential codes, and 8 symbolic codes. Through this analysis, the meaning and message could be drawn that you have enough because anything excessive is not good. This research would analyze the hidden signs in each word or sentence in the short story. Barthes semiotics was used to find out the meaning contained in the short story so it is interesting to study using the Barthes five-code approach.