Speaking is an essential skill for learners of any foreign language, and English is no exception. However, many English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners experience significant challenges when it comes to speaking skills. This study aims to explore the views of students regarding the difficulties they face in speaking English and to identify potential solutions to these challenges. A case study method was employed, involving twenty-seven university students from Indonesia. The data were collected using questionnaires, which allowed the researchers to gather insights into students' perceptions and experiences with speaking English. The results revealed that the majority of participants, 71.6%, reported facing common difficulties such as the fear of making mistakes, fear of criticism, and general shyness. These emotional barriers significantly hindered their ability to speak confidently in class. Additionally, only 18.5% of the students actively participated in speaking activities during lessons, indicating a lack of engagement in oral communication. A significant number of students (96.3%) felt that they lacked sufficient knowledge of the subject matter, further impeding their ability to speak effectively. Moreover, 81.5% of the students admitted that they preferred to use their mother tongue, which they often spoke during English classes, as it was easier for them. These findings suggest that both emotional and knowledge-related issues play a crucial role in shaping the speaking abilities of EFL learners. The study highlights the need for targeted interventions that address both the emotional barriers and knowledge gaps in order to improve the speaking skills of EFL students.

This study explores the semantic fields of love and loss in Lord Huron’s song "The Night We Met," using a lexical semantics framework. Song lyrics, known for their emotional depth, serve as a rich source for analyzing affective meaning, particularly through word selection and repetition. The primary research question addresses how semantic fields are constructed within minimalist lyrical compositions to convey complex emotional states. In this analysis, a qualitative descriptive method is applied to examine the song's lexical items and group them into thematic semantic fields. The study finds that the song uses a concise set of lexemes connected to themes of memory, temporal disorientation, grief, and love. These thematic fields intertwine, interacting to depict a narrative that encapsulates unresolved emotional pain. Love and loss are not presented in isolation but are embedded in a broader emotional context, where words evoke both the sweetness of past affection and the sorrow of its absence. The overlap of these semantic fields reflects the internal conflict experienced by the narrator, torn between cherished memories and the painful realization of loss. The study concludes that despite the song’s brevity, the lyrics effectively evoke profound emotional responses through a meticulous choice of words and thematic consistency. The semantic fields constructed within the song illustrate how even minimal language can convey intense emotional content, providing valuable linguistic insight into the function of lyricism in popular music. The research demonstrates the ability of short, poignant lyrics to engage listeners emotionally, revealing how lyricists use limited language to encapsulate complex feelings of love and loss.

This qualitative case study investigated the factors and impacts of English language learning anxiety among students at SMP Muhammadiyah Tanjungpinang. The research focused on students from the 7th, 8th, and 9th grades during the academic year 2024/2025. A total of 32 students across all grade levels were involved in the study. The researchers initially conducted classroom observations to identify students who exhibited signs of anxiety during English lessons. Based on these observations, eleven students were selected as participants for semi-structured interviews and more detailed classroom observations. The research aimed to explore how anxiety manifests in the classroom and how it affects students' language acquisition in a unique socio-educational environment. The data collected through interviews and observations were analyzed qualitatively by interpreting students’ responses and behavioral patterns in class. The findings revealed that three primary types of language anxiety—Communication Apprehension, Test Anxiety, and Fear of Negative Evaluation—were commonly experienced by the students. These forms of anxiety were often interconnected, compounding the emotional barriers students faced in English learning. One of the key contributing factors was the students’ fear of peer ridicule, especially within a tightly bonded student community. Many of the participants were affiliated with orphanages connected to the school, which created a unique emotional and social environment. This setting, while supportive in many ways, also contributed to heightened sensitivity to peer judgment and a strong fear of making mistakes. As a result, the affective filter among these students was notably high, significantly hindering their willingness to participate and ultimately affecting their English language acquisition.

This study aims to explore students' perceptions of creating digital video projects as a tool for teaching and improving speaking abilities. A descriptive qualitative research design was applied, involving 50 students enrolled in the Intermediate English course during the second semester of the Machine Automotive Study Programme at Politeknik Negeri Jember. Data collection techniques included questionnaires distributed via Google Forms, consisting of multiple-choice and open-ended questions, complemented by semi-structured interviews to gain deeper insights. The focus was on understanding how students perceive the effectiveness of digital video projects in enhancing their speaking skills and overall language learning experience. The findings revealed that most students had a positive attitude toward creating digital video projects, stating that such activities significantly enhanced their confidence, fluency, and pronunciation in English. Many participants emphasized that digital video projects encouraged them to practice speaking repeatedly, which contributed to reducing anxiety and improving their performance. The study also found a clear connection between students' intrinsic motivation to improve their speaking skills and the perceived benefits of completing digital video tasks. Additionally, students highlighted the creative aspect of video-making, which fostered collaboration, critical thinking, and self-expression. The role of the lecturer was identified as crucial in guiding students throughout the project, particularly in overcoming technical and linguistic challenges. The study concludes that integrating digital video projects into speaking lessons not only improves speaking ability but also motivates learners to take active participation in language learning.

This research discusses the impact of smartphone use on the academic performance of 11th-grade students at SMAN 1 Suak Tapeh. The development of technology, especially the use of smartphones, has a significant impact on people's lives, including in the field of education. The use of smartphones can have both positive and negative effects on students' academic performance. The research adopts a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. Primary data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation, while secondary data were obtained from relevant documents or archives. The findings reveal that smartphones have positive effects, such as facilitating access to learning materials, enhancing creativity, and broadening knowledge. However, uncontrolled smartphone use can lead to negative effects, such as addiction, sleep disturbances, decreased concentration, and diminished quality of social interactions. This study is expected to provide insights into the benefits and risks of smartphone use in supporting students' learning processes and offer recommendations for schools in designing policies related to smartphone use among students.

This study investigates directive speech acts in Chapter 1 of the Japanese manga *Dandadan*, focusing on how characters use language to influence others’ behavior. The objective is to classify the types of directive utterances and analyze their pragmatic functions based on the speaker and context. A qualitative descriptive method was employed, using pragmatic theory to analyze speech data taken directly from dialogue panels. The analysis identified nine instances of directive speech acts, which include commands, prohibitions, invitations, and requests. Ayase Momo emerges as the character who produces the most directive utterances, predominantly in the form of commands and prohibitions, indicating her dominant and assertive communication style. Okarun, in contrast, tends to use polite requests and prohibitions, suggesting a more cautious and respectful approach. The findings reveal that the types of directive speech acts used are closely related to each character’s personality and the emotional context of the scene. These results underscore the role of speech acts in character development and narrative dynamics within manga. The study’s implication lies in showing how linguistic choices in manga dialogue reflect interpersonal power relations and emotional intensity. Future research is encouraged to explore directive speech acts across multiple chapters for broader insights.

This study examines the use of language registers within the home-based kretek cigarette industry in Sampang Village, Cilacap Regency. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach with ethnographic communication methods, the research aims to describe the forms, meanings, and sociocultural functions of specific terms used by workers during the cigarette production process. Data were collected through direct observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation of linguistic artifacts. The findings reveal a unique vocabulary that reflects social identity, work communication efficiency, and the preservation of local culture. Terms such as klobot, mbako srinthil, tingwek, and ngeses symbolize the social and cultural structure of the worker community. These registers carry not only literal meanings but also symbolic and contextual significance, functioning expressively, evaluatively, and as a means of cultural preservation. The study is relevant for the development of contextual language teaching materials and supports culturally diverse learner profiles.

To improve the quality of education and learning in learning speaking in the English Education Department. Consideration of the lack of confidence in students caused by not knowing how to perform appropriately and well to appear confident to improve their speaking skill is also supported by the existence of appropriate learning media and can facilitate both students and teachers in learning to speak.  Therefore, researchers conducted research and development of Speech Practice book learning media namely “A Guide Speech Practice Book to Elevate Your Performance” The research aims to describe the design development and feasibility of the product. This type of research is Research and Development (R&D) which follows the procedure of Borg and Gall. Which includes ten stages and then simplified into five stages which include: need analysis, product development, expert validation, product try-out, and final product. After going through several stages, the product feasibility assessment was started based on the results of experts which included content experts and design expert. Based on validation from the content expert with an average value of 4.6 with a percentage of 92% with a very feasible category. The results of validation from design expert get an average value of 4.5 with a percentage of 90% with a very feasible category. Then the product validation results of student responses get a total score of 3064 with a percentage of 94.2% with a category very feasible. based on the results of research and field tests that have been described, it can be concluded that the speech practice book for students speaking skill at the English Education Department is very feasible to use for speaking learning.

This thesis is entitled “Analysis of Color Adjective Polysemy in Russian". The thesis contains research on polysemy analysis of several colors in the Russian language and explains the use of color adjectives polysemy meaning according to context in sentences. This study uses descriptive qualitative methods by taking primary data sources from the Russian-Indonesian dictionary by Victor Pogadaev (2010) and secondary data from ruscorpora.ru and udarenie.ru. The study was conducted by analyzing what meaning is contained in a color and what nouns can give rise to the meaning in question. The author uses the theories put forward by Russian linguists as a Research Foundation, including Valgina (2003), Rozental (2001), Novikov (2003), Bobrova (1993), Rozental’ et al (2010), Kobozeva (2000), dan Pulkina (1975). The purpose and results of this study will show that color adjectives in the Russian language have many meanings and the use of color polysemous meanings in a sentence.
 

This study aims to explore the role of metacognitive awareness in improving the speaking performance of hospitality vocational students. Using a mixed-methods design, this study involved 50 students of the Prasetiya Mandiri Polytechnic and combined quantitative data from the adapted Metacognitive Awareness Inventory (MAI) as well as role-play-based speaking tests, with qualitative data from in-depth interviews. The results of correlation analysis showed a significant positive relationship (r = 0.65) between metacognitive scores and speaking performance. The most dominant metacognitive strategies reported by students included self-monitoring during speaking and post-task reflection. These findings reveal that students with high metacognitive awareness tend to be able to manage their communication more effectively in professional situations. Research implications include the importance of integrating metacognitive training in vocational curricula, such as through reflective journals and communication strategy guides. The study also highlights a curriculum gap, where only 32% of respondents reported having received explicit training related to metacognitive strategies. Limitations include small sample sizes, so it is recommended that follow-up studies be conducted longitudinally and across institutions.
 
 

The drama Woman Talking has many feminist values can be found, especially about gender equality, women’s freedom, and moving away from patriarchy. The values shown in this film are already being practiced today, where women and men are seen as equals in terms of rights and opportunities. These important ideas inspire writers to explore them more deeply, aiming to raise awareness among men so they do not look down on women. This study aims to examine the representation of feminism in Women Talking, a drama directed by Sarah Polley. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, this research analyzes the film’s narrative and dialogue to explore how the women fight for bodily autonomy, voice, and the freedom to choose their own paths. The results indicate that Women Talking has five of six types of feminism theory, which the liberal feminism is the largest one with 39%, and then radical feminism 32%, traditional marxist feminism 16%, socialist feminism 12%, and the last is postmodern feminism 6%. This drama has no dialog that talking about critical race feminisim. The findings show that Women Talking is not only a space for the expression of voices long silenced, but also a quiet yet powerful form of collective resistance against systemic oppression.

Language is a means of communication used by humans to interact, express ideas, and build social relationships. Indonesian, as both the national and official language, plays a significant role in the lives of the Indonesian people. In addition to serving as a national identity, it functions as a unifying tool for the country's diverse ethnicities, cultures, and regional languages. This study aims to explain the functions of Indonesian as the national and official language, as well as to examine its language varieties based on usage situations, communication media, and fields of application. The research uses a library research method by exploring and analyzing various relevant literature, including academic books, journal articles, conference proceedings, and official documents. The findings indicate that Indonesian has various forms depending on the context and communication situation. These include formal and informal language, spoken and written forms, and variations based on specific fields such as science, law, journalism, and literature. This diversity reflects the flexibility of Indonesian in meeting the communication needs of society. Beyond being a communication tool, Indonesian also plays important social and cultural roles by strengthening social bonds and serving as a medium for preserving and developing national culture.
 

Students are the next generation of the nation and need to be equipped with information or news that is up-to-date and contains positive and motivating values. This can be influenced by the use of good and correct language in providing information that can be accounted for its truth. The lack of critical reading literacy can affect the application of values ??and mindsets of each individual. The development of increasingly sophisticated technology also has positive and negative impacts, especially in the use of inappropriate language that has an impact on misunderstandings related to the intent and purpose of information. In addition, the news presented does not match the elements of the news text, causing chaos, misunderstanding, and the emergence of hoax news that is easily spread to the public. This study aims to help students analyze the structure and language that is good and correct in the news text used as a learning resource. This study is also expected to provide both theoretical and practical benefits. Theoretically, the results of this study can be one of the literature on news texts that contain linguistic analysis found in online newspaper media. In addition, this study does not only discuss language, but also provides information or understanding regarding the characteristics of each online newspaper media that can be considered as a learning resource in schools. Practically, the results of this study are expected to be useful for teachers to understand and meet students' needs according to the competencies to be achieved in the learning process. In addition, the results of this study are expected to prevent language errors, especially in news texts so that the information conveyed can be well received by the public, especially students.

This study analyzes the symbolic meaning in the lyrics of the song "Halu" by Feby Putri using Ferdinand de Saussure's semiotic approach. The purpose of the study is to reveal the relationship between the signifier and the signified in the song lyrics to understand the emotional and cultural messages contained therein. The method used is descriptive qualitative analysis with a focus on linguistic signs in the lyric text. The results of the study show that the song "Halu" utilizes metaphors (such as "candu" and "bayang-bayang") to represent one-sided love, illusion, and emotional alienation. The lyrics of the song are not only a personal expression of the creator, but also reflect the collective experience of the younger generation in interpreting unrealized relationships. This study concludes that popular music, through its semiotic structure, functions as a complex medium of cultural communication. Suggestions for further research include exploring the interaction of musical elements with lyrics and the application of other semiotic theories to enrich the analysis. These findings also emphasize the importance of media literacy in understanding music not only as entertainment, but also as a cultural product that is full of meaning.

The purpose of this research is to describe the types of figurative language found in Adele's songs in album 30. The research methodology used is literature study with a qualitative descriptive approach. The results show that there are several types of figurative language in the lyrics of these songs, including symbolic (36%), personification (9%), metaphor (4.5%), simile (18%), hyperbole (4.5%), and allegory (28%). Thus, it can be concluded that the most used figurative language in the album is the symbolic type.

This research aims to examine the transformation of traditional expressions in the Makassar traditional wedding procession in the modern era. The main focus of the research is to understand how these expressions adapt to social change, technology and modern values, as well as their impact on preserving the culture and identity of the Makassar community. The method used in this research is a qualitative approach with in-depth interview techniques and participant observation. The research results show that although some traditional expressions have undergone modifications to adapt to the modern context, the core of the cultural values ??contained are still maintained. This transformation reflects adaptive cultural dynamics and shows that modernization does not always threaten tradition, but can serve as a means of strengthening and enriching cultural heritage. This research emphasizes the importance of striking a balance between preserving traditions and innovating so that these traditions remain relevant amidst changing times.

This study aims to determine the impact of the use of textbooks on the learning interests of grade IV students of SDN 01 Gunung Tuleh in the subject of Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS). This study uses a qualitative method with data collection techniques through observation and interviews. The results of the study indicate that most students are less interested in learning IPAS whose main learning sources come from printed books. Several factors that cause low student learning interest include the lack of variation in teaching methods used by teachers and the lack of relevance of the material to students' daily lives. Based on these findings, it is recommended that teachers use more varied, interactive, and innovative teaching materials, as well as materials related to students' daily experiences to increase their involvement and motivation in learning IPAS. With a more interesting and relevant approach, it is hoped that students' interest in learning IPAS can increase significantly.

This study aims to describe: (1) the meaning of utterances containing conventional implicatures in the novel ‘The Years of The Voiceless’ by Okky Madasari, (2) define the function of utterances containing conventional implicatures in the novel ‘The Years of The Voiceless’ by Okky Madasari, and (3) describe the types of utterances containing conventional implicatures in the ‘The Years of The Voiceless’ by Okky Madasari based on Grice’s theory about implicature. The research method was descriptive qualitative method. The data in this study are sentences in utterances containing implicature. The data in this study were obtained by reading, recording and note-taking techniques. The findings are as follows. There are 8 forms of conventional implicature found. Based on the results of the classification that has been done, there are four intentions, 1 utterance of the intention of commanding, 1 utterance of the intention of pride, 1 utterance of the intention of giving information. Types of utterances that contain conventional implicatures in the novel 'The Years of The Voiceless'. Each implicature has a function. The function of conventional implicatures in the novel can be categorized into three functions, namely 1. implicatures that function as persuasive or persuade, 1 implicature that functions as directive, namely giving advice, 1 implicature that functions as expressive, namely showing hatred. Based on the results of the classification that has been done, there are two classifications, 1 type of declarative speech (statement), 1 type of imperative speech (command).

This study discusses children's language acquisition from a psycholinguistic perspective with a focus on Meanlength of Utterance (MLU), word categories, and sentence patterns. Using a qualitative descriptive approach and case study, data were collected through participant observation, audio recording, speech transcription, and social context recording. The research sample consisted of three children aged 39, 47, and 50 months with Indonesian as their first language. The results showed that MLU values ??increased with age, in accordance with Brown's theory, although there was individual variation. Analysis of word types showed that older children had a more diverse vocabulary, including nouns, verbs, adjectives, pronouns, and numerals. In addition, the sentence patterns used by children developed from simple structures such as SP to more complex structures such as SPOK. This study confirms that MLU can be an indicator of children's syntactic development and helps in language identification delays. The results of this study are expected to contribute to psycholinguistic studies and become a reference in the field of child language education and intervention

In understanding foreign language texts, there are several challenges faced by young learners. The transformation of the learning system into online increasingly adds new problems for them. Students' motivation in online learning is relatively low, while the acquisition of foreign language reading comprehension demands great motivation (Fareh, 2010). Authentic text can be a solution to this problem. Therefore, this study was conducted to test its effectiveness in improving young students' reading comprehension in online classes and to examine their perceptions of teaching reading comprehension using authentic texts in online classes. This research is a quasi-experimental research with one group pre-test post-test design. The data generated is quantitative data in the form of student learning outcomes and reading interest questionnaires. The results showed that the use of authentic texts was proven to be effective in resolving new conflicts that arose in the online foreign language reading comprehension class. In addition, students' perceptions of the use of authentic texts are also good. However, the role of teachers and students is needed in its implementation

The purpose of this study is to determine and describe quantitative data on the effect of learning discipline on social studies learning outcomes in grade V. This study uses a quantitative approach with a Pre-Experimental Design type of research. The experimental design used is One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The population and sample in this study were grade V students with a total of 20 students. The data collection techniques used were observation and testing. The data analysis techniques used were descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistical analysis. The results of this study indicate that the application of learning discipline has an effect on student learning outcomes. This can be seen in the difference in the average number of learning outcomes before applying learning discipline (pretest) of only 54.37. While the average number of learning outcomes after applying discipline (posttest) was 83.43. And the results of the inferential statistical analysis using the t test showed that the t-count value obtained was 7.935. Degrees of freedom (db) = 20 - 1 = 19 with a significance level of 0.05 obtained t table = 2.093. So, tcount > ttable or 7.935 > 2.093, then the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected and the alternative hypothesis (H1) is accepted. This means that the application of learning discipline has an effect on student learning outcomes in the subject of social studies class V SDN Wadukopa.

The objective of this study were to discover out:1) To discover out whether or not the Viability of Seriously every day discussion toward Understudy Talking Aptitudes at the Moment Semester FKIP Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidrap. 2) To know whether students' were inquisitive about utilizing Seriously Every day Discussion to progress the talking ability at the Moment Semester FKIP Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidrap. This inquire about utilized quantitavive strategy with utilized clusster testing. The populace of this inquire about is the moment semester; precisely the moment semester of FKIP Muhammadiyah Sidenreng Rappang. The full number of populace is 114 students. The tests in this inquire about is from 2A1 comprise 37 understudies. So the entire test of the investigate is 24 understudies. The information of the investigate were collected by utilizing two sorts of instrument, to be specific talking test and survey. Talking test was utilized to get information of the students' talking capacity and survey was utilized know the understudies intrigued in talking English through Seriously Day by day Discussion. The result of information investigation appeared that three was critical distinction between the students' score after they were instructed by Seriously Day by day Discussion and some time recently they were instructed by utilizing Seriously Day by day Discussion. It was demonstrated by the cruel score of the post-test which was higher than the cruel score of pre-test (69.5>32.29). Besides, the result of the t-test esteem (0.0005) was more prominent than t-table (? = 0.05; df = 11; t-table 1.701) which implies that H1 was acknowledged. At that point, the examination of intrigued by utilizing Likert Scale demonstrated that the understudies were interested to talk English by utilizing Seriously Day by day Discussion. Based on information investigation, the inquire about concluded that: (1) the utilized of Seriously Every day Discussion. Moved forward students' speaking ability; (2) the utilized of Seriously Daily Conversation made the students' curious about speaking English.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the portrayal of greed and power in the film Planet of the Apes and focus on how these themes affect the relationship between humans and apes. This study will focus on understanding the role of greed and power in social and interspecies dynamics and explore how these destructive forces shape character behavior as well as the broader conflict in the story. This study uses qualitative descriptive analysis to explore the themes of "greed" and "power" in Planet of the Apes. The study employs descriptive research to explore how these themes are intertwined in the plot, particularly the dynamics between humans and apes. The study emphasizes the destructive effects of greed, which leads to conflict, exploitation, and oppression and affects both species. Proximus symbolizes the greed of apes, who misuse Caesar's teachings to fuel their violent ambitions, while Mai symbolizes the greed of humans, who crave manipulation and control. The results of this study show how humans struggle to coexist with the greedy apes, thus reinforcing the narrative of inevitable conflict and power struggle.

Language serves as a crucial instrument for shaping communication and fostering understanding across diverse contexts. Effective text organization can prevent misunderstandings, making a deep understanding of English text systems and structures essential. Discourse analysis, which examines language use in social contexts to create meaning and facilitate communication, is vital for appreciating the subtleties of language and the strategies employed by speakers and writers. This study focuses on the role of references within discourse. Using Jane Austen’s Persuasion as a data source, this research applies Halliday and Hasan’s (1976) framework to analyze the types of anaphoric and cataphoric references. Through a descriptive qualitative methodology and document analysis, the study identifies a higher frequency of anaphoric references compared to cataphoric ones. This analysis provides insights into Austen’s storytelling techniques.

This study explores the effectiveness of StudyTok, a TikTok-based educational initiative, in fostering media literacy among university students. Using a descriptive quantitative approach, data were gathered from 40 students to evaluate the platform's impact on engagement, reading comprehension, writing proficiency, and critical thinking. Results revealed that 85% of participants found StudyTok engaging, with notable improvements in reading comprehension (70%) and critical thinking (75%). However, only 60% reported significant enhancement in writing skills, indicating room for more structured content in this area. The study highlights generational differences in platform navigation, with digital natives adapting seamlessly compared to digital immigrants who faced initial challenges. Guided by Potter’s Media Literacy Theory, this research underscores StudyTok’s potential to bridge digital literacy gaps and recommends its integration into educational curricula to foster inclusive, critical media consumption skills.

Stand-up comedy has evolved into a dynamic platform for the treatment of complex social and environmental issues, combining entertainment and education. However, little is known about how stand-up comedians manage the balance between entertainment, education, and ethical responsibility when addressing environmental challenges. This study aims to understand how humor functions as a tool for raising environmental cultural awareness and promoting positive behavioral changes. The study employs a case study methodology in conjunction with a qualitative approach. The analysis will be carried out through discourse analysis to uncover the underlying themes, ethical considerations, and communication techniques embedded in Pandji Pragiwaksono's humor. The findings from this study will not only enhance our understanding of humor's role in environmental communication but also provide practical insights for comedians, environmental educators, and communicators who are trying to effectively engage audiences while maintaining ethical integrity across different cultural contexts.

This study applies a qualitative research method with an intersectionality approach to analyze Mark Twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, which explores issues related to race, gender, and class in the context of post-civil war America. The main focus of this research is how racial, gender, and class identities interact with each other in shaping the experiences of the characters, specifically Huck, a white boy from the lower class, and Jim, an escaped African-American slave. Through the analysis of their cross-racial relationship, this study highlights the complex power dynamics, where Jim is trapped in a racial and class hierarchy, while Huck struggles against social pressure from female authority figures representing patriarchy. The findings of this study suggest that character identities are shaped by the intersection of multiple factors, providing a deeper understanding of the challenges faced in maintaining or resisting oppressive systems of power. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, a classic novel by Mark Twain, is a clear example of how literary works that criticize racial injustice can be misinterpreted and censored. Twain presents a scathing satire of American society, exposing its hypocrisy and failure to realize the promised values of equality. As such, the deep meanings contained within are buried under layers of superficial and biased interpretations.

Planning effective English reading lessons is a complex task for teachers because of challenges such as variations in student ability levels, limited resources, and time constraints. This research aims to identify the main challenges teachers face in planning reading lessons, including improving students' reading comprehension, adjusting the level of support to students' abilities, and implementing reading strategies.  The research method used is qualitative, with data collection through semi-structured interviews with teachers from various levels of education. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify main patterns and themes.  The research results show that teachers face challenges in managing the diversity of students' reading abilities, selecting reading materials that are interesting and culturally relevant, and integrating technology into learning. Additionally, appropriate assessments for English Language Learners (ELL) students and the need to provide emotional support to students are also challenges. Limited professional training and resources contribute to this situation.  This research also concludes that successful learning to read English requires a multifaceted approach that includes learning adjustments, teacher training, collaboration, and access to a variety of reading materials. By providing adequate support for teachers, these obstacles can be overcome, so that reading learning becomes more effective and inclusive.

This article presents a systematic review of pragmatic competence in second language acquisition (SLA), emphasizing its critical role in effective communication and intercultural understanding. Pragmatic competence encompasses the ability to understand and use language appropriately in diverse social and cultural contexts, including mastering speech acts, politeness strategies, conversational implicatures, and intercultural pragmatics. Despite its importance, pragmatic competence often receives less attention in language instruction compared to grammar and vocabulary. The review highlights the effectiveness of explicit and implicit teaching methods, authentic interaction, and cultural immersion in developing pragmatic skills. It also underscores the role of technology, such as digital platforms and simulations, in enhancing learners’ ability to navigate real-life communication scenarios.
The findings reveal significant challenges, including cultural variability in pragmatic norms, difficulties in standardizing assessments, and the influence of learners’ individual differences. The study calls for innovative teaching and evaluation methods, focusing on personalized approaches and the integration of pragmatic learning with emotional intelligence. By synthesizing current research and practices, this article provides valuable insights for educators, curriculum developers, and researchers, advocating for adaptive, culturally informed, and technology-supported strategies to enhance pragmatic competence in SLA.

Language plays a crucial role in communication as it occurs in every individual's or group's interaction. When visiting a country that speaks a foreign language, it is essential to effectively communicate in that language. This research studied international students who qualified to study abroad yet still experienced some language barriers while living in Australia. This study aims to find what are the types, effects, and their strategy to prevent the language barrier they experienced. A qualitative approach was applied in this research and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 3 Indonesian students who study in Australia. The result shows that the types of language barriers faced by the participants were: technical jargon, badly expressed message, and unclarified assumptions. Then, confusion was the primary impact of the language barrier on each interviewee. Lastly, the strategies they used to prevent the language barrier were: speaking slowly and clearly, asking for clarification, frequently checking for understanding, and being patient. In addition, it is suggested that international students find out more about the culture through local television movies or series so that they become familiar with the local terms.

Pragmatics, a fundamental branch of linguistics, focuses on the implicit rules that govern human interaction. It delves into how meaning is constructed, conveyed, and interpreted in everyday communication beyond literal language. This study explores the mechanisms of pragmatics in daily life, particularly how context, shared knowledge, and social conventions influence interactions. Key areas examined include speech acts, implicature, and politeness strategies, which highlight the dynamic nature of meaning-making in various social contexts. Speech acts, such as requests, apologies, and promises, illustrate how utterances perform actions beyond their lexical content. Implicature examines how individuals infer meaning that is not explicitly stated, relying on context and shared assumptions. Politeness strategies, which vary across cultures, play a crucial role in managing interpersonal relationships and ensuring smooth communication by balancing social expectations and individual intentions. Understanding these unspoken rules is essential for effective communication, as they often dictate the success of social interactions. Misinterpretations in pragmatics can lead to misunderstandings, social faux pas, or conflicts, emphasizing the importance of cultural and contextual awareness. Pragmatic competence is crucial in multilingual and multicultural settings, where differing conventions and norms can create unique challenges. By synthesizing theoretical insights from existing literature, this study highlights the pervasive influence of pragmatics in shaping human interaction. It underscores the necessity of pragmatic awareness in fostering interpersonal understanding, enhancing communication skills, and navigating the complexities of social life effectively.
 

Based on the formulation of the problem in the study, namely How are the psychological problems that occur in the main character in the novel Ayahku Bukan Pembohong by Tere Liye. The purpose of the study is to describe the psychological problems that occur in the main character in the novel Ayahku Bukan Pembohong by Tere Liye. The type of research used in this study is descriptive qualitative research. The theory in this study uses Segmund Freud's theory, namely using three methods, namely id, ego and super ego. So the object of this study is the novel Ayahku Bukan Pembohong by Tere Liye. This novel has a prominent psychological picture of the main character who faces emotional conflicts continuously. The contents of the novel describe the feelings of regret of the character Dam who hates his father's story. Interestingly, this novel was chosen using personality theory. The main character in this case is threatened because of the anxiety of the subconscious that is contrary to time. This causes psychological behavior.

The increasing use of digital platforms in the healthcare industry has highlighted the importance of effective communication, especially in English, as it is the primary language for disseminating global health information. This study examines the linguistic aspects of English usage in health information delivery on digital platforms, focusing on clarity, accessibility, and accuracy. The research aims to analyze how linguistic features, such as word choice, sentence structure, and tone, impact the comprehension of health-related content by diverse audiences.The study employs a qualitative approach, analyzing a sample of health-related websites, social media posts, and mobile health applications. Discourse analysis is used to identify patterns and strategies in the presentation of information, particularly how technical medical terms are simplified for laypeople.The findings reveal that while most platforms aim for clarity and inclusivity, inconsistencies in language use and overly technical jargon often hinder comprehension. Additionally, the use of complex sentence structures can create barriers, especially for non-native English speakers.The study concludes that improving linguistic accessibility on digital health platforms can enhance public understanding and engagement with health information, contributing to better health outcomes. Recommendations for creating more user-friendly, linguistically accessible content are also provided.

Education is a very complex process that not only covers knowledge but also skills, including moral and ethical values. English as an international language has an important role in the field of education, especially in Indonesia at senior high school (SMA) with a focus on developing skills from speaking, listening, reading and writing. However, each learners have different abilities ranging from slow learners to fast learners, it requires teachers to apply a variety of learning strategies in accordance with learning. This study aims to explore English learning strategies applied at SMA Negeri 2 Bangli, especially in class XI. Through the descriptive qualitative research method, this study found that both teachers apply varied learning strategies according to the needs of students, and there are learning strategies that are rarely applied because they are considered less suitable for the characteristics and learning needs of students.

This study analyzes the rhetorical strategies in Samsung’s Galaxy S24 FE advertisement on YouTube, examining how diction, persuasion techniques, and language style appeal to a broad audience. Through qualitative content analysis, the research categorizes diction into denotative and connotative meanings and general and specific terms to understand how Samsung communicates product attributes clearly and persuasively. Persuasive techniques include rationalization, identification, suggestion, conformity, and compensation. Samsung’s language style, characterized by alliteration, assonance, and anastrophe, and Samsung’s repetition language style, characterized by epistrophe, reinforces product qualities and aids memorability. The results reveal that Samsung effectively combines direct, relatable language with emotional and logical appeals, positioning the Galaxy S24 FE as a product that meets diverse lifestyle needs. This study contributes insights into the role of rhetoric in digital advertising, highlighting methods for effective consumer engagement and brand positioning.

This research aims to develop audiovisual teaching materials based on Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) on Short Story Materials at SMA Negeri 14 Medan. The population of this study is class XI at SMA Negeri 14 Medan with a sample of 34 students. This research is a Research and Development (RnD) using the Borg and Gall model with stages 1) Potential and problems, 2) Data collection, 3) Product design, 4) Design validation, 5) Design revision, 6) Product trial, 7) Product revision, 8) Usage trial. After being carried out step by step, the validity test of the media of material experts is as many as 81% and media experts as many as 97% with the percentage results strongly agreeing to be used in the field (very feasible). Meanwhile, the assessment from students was 86.64% and Indonesian teachers were 96 with the category of suitable for use in the field.  This research produces teaching materials in the form of audiovisual (audio and video) based on Contextual Teaching and Learning on short story materials.

Social media has emerged as a transformative platform for youth skill development, particularly in diplomatic literacy. This qualitative study investigates how university students leverage social media to enhance their soft skills, focusing on communication, critical thinking, and cultural sensitivity. Through interviews and focus group discussions with 30 university students, the research explores the mechanisms by which digital platforms facilitate skill development. Findings reveal that social media provides unique opportunities for global interaction, information evaluation, and cross-cultural understanding. Students reported significant improvements in communication skills, critical thinking abilities, and cultural awareness through engaged social media use.

Learning Indonesian for Foreign Speakers (BIPA) is an important means to introduce Indonesian language and culture globally. Rapid digital transformation has brought innovation in BIPA teaching methods, especially through the use of digital media. This article discusses the use of digital media in BIPA learning and the challenges faced. The research method uses literature analysis of ten relevant scientific articles, focusing on digital media innovations such as the e-Tandem model, virtual learning spaces (Cave, Campfire, Watering Hole), and social media applications and special applications. The results of the study show that digital media supports interactive and collaborative learning, expands the reach of teaching, and overcomes geographical barriers. However, there are obstacles such as access to technology and digital skills of teachers. For sustainable effectiveness, the development of digital competency training for teachers is essential. Digital media in BIPA has the potential to promote Indonesian in the international arena and strengthen Indonesian cultural diplomacy.

This analysis explores the utilization and impact of various forms of figurative language in the script of the movie "Moana." The study delves into six types of figurative language: simile, metaphor, hyperbole, paradox, irony, and personification. The choice to focus on these six types is rooted in the writer's deep understanding of these specific forms, allowing for a more thorough and nuanced analysis. Through a meticulous examination of the script, it is revealed that personification and metaphor are the most prevalent, contributing significantly to the narrative depth and cultural richness of the film. The personification, in particular, enlivens it as a character and underscores its cultural significance in Polynesian lore. Additionally, metaphors and similes are instrumental in character descriptions and thematic elaboration, while hyperbole and irony inject humor and complexity into the storyline. Paradoxes are employed to provoke critical thinking about the story's underlying themes. Ultimately, this analysis underscores the indispensable role of figurative language in enriching the storytelling of "Moana" and enhancing its emotional resonance.

Impoliteness is defined as communicative behavior that is intended to cause offense, social disruption, or emotional harm. The description that occurs not only in social life but can found in the film, which used by the characters. Culpeper divided three functions of impoliteness there are affective, coercive, and entertaining. This research aims to analyze the functions of impoliteness which found in the movie Pearl Harbor.The method used to analyze and collecting data which found and contained in the Pearl Harbor movie through descriptive qualitative methods, using Spradley 1980 theory. This research used data collection from the dialogues between characters in the movie. The result of this analysis shows that the researcher found three functions of impoliteness proposed by Culpeper. Three functions of impoliteness were found in this movie with two functions having the same data, namely affective and coercive. Because of the war setting so that these two functions are the most suitable to use and researcher also found one function of entertaining. The conclusion of this research that based on the background of war, then in this movie it is very suitable to be researched using impoliteness. In war usually raises conflict and tension where it can lead to impoliteness. The more tension there is in the movie, the more impoliteness is used.  
 

This research aims to explore effective communication in Physical Education, Health and Recreation learning, with a focus on the role of Indonesian as an essential language of instruction. The method used was a questionnaire distributed to several Medan State University students to collect data regarding their perceptions regarding the clarity of instructions, understanding of the material, and its impact on learning motivation. The questionnaire consists of 20 questions to measure students' level of agreement with various aspects of communication in learning. The results of data analysis showed that 96.5% of respondents felt that clear and effective communication from teachers greatly contributed to understanding the subject matter and significantly increased their motivation in attending class. These findings confirm that good and correct use of Indonesian is very important in creating a more interactive and effective learning environment in the fields of Physical Education, Health and Recreation. It is hoped that this research can provide insight for teachers and educators about the importance of communication strategies in improving the quality of learning.

Resistance to change (RTC) is a significant challenge in implementing educational reforms, particularly in the 21st century. This study explores strategies to overcome RTC among educators, using a qualitative approach involving 20 teachers from diverse backgrounds. Data collected through open-ended questions and a Likert scale reveal that Facilitation and Support (85%) and Negotiation and Agreement (90%) are the most effective strategies, highlighting the importance of training, resource allocation, and incentives in fostering adaptability. Participation and Involvement (75%) also proves effective by enhancing teacher commitment through collaborative decision-making. In contrast, Manipulation and Co-optation and authority-driven strategies are viewed as less sustainable, with respondents expressing concerns over their long-term impact. Challenges such as frequent curriculum changes, limited technological proficiency, and unclear communication exacerbate RTC. This study emphasizes the need for practical strategies like direct support, collaboration, and motivational incentives to address resistance effectively. The findings extend Kotter and Schlesinger’s framework by contextualizing it within educational settings and highlight the interplay between external pressures for reform and internal resistance mechanisms. By aligning resources, fostering collaboration, and incentivizing participation, schools can navigate the complexities of change and reduce resistance among educators.
 
 

The film "Wicked," adapted from the novel by Gregory Maguire, offered a new perspective on the character Elphaba, who was known as the wicked witch in the classic story "The Wizard of Oz." This research aimed to explore how Elphaba's character challenged the negative stereotypes associated with her and highlighted the importance of representing complex characters in media. This study was descriptive in nature, employing a semiotic approach to analyze the signs and meanings contained within Elphaba's character, as well as the social critique implications that arose. The findings indicated that Elphaba was not merely perceived as a symbol of evil but also served as a representation of empowerment for marginalized individuals, reflecting the complexities of identity and the struggle against social stigma. Elphaba's character illustrated a journey of transformation from ostracism to self-acceptance, inspiring audiences to understand and appreciate diversity and the challenges faced by those considered different. The film invited viewers to reflect on how societal judgments were often based on physical appearance and encouraged them to celebrate differences. The implications of this social critique were significant, as they could foster empathy and positive change within society, as well as raise awareness of the importance of embracing individual uniqueness.
 

This research was motivated by the lack of students' interest in English lessons, especially in writing descriptive texts. The purpose of this research was to determine the extent to which the use of the Wattpad application could influence students' ability to write descriptive texts. This research was conducted at MA Miftahul Ulum Tanjungpinang in the first-grades students in the second semester of the academic year 2022-2023. This research was a quantitative study using an experimental method. The sample of this research was 50 students. The research method used was a true experiment with a post-test only control design. The result of the research, there is a significant difference between the writing scores of the experimental class and the control class where the post-test scores of the experimental class are higher. It can be seen that the mean value of the control class is 62,12 while the experimental class is 75,64. Thus, it can be concluded that there is a significant effect of using the Wattpad application on the ability of the first-grade students at MA Miftahul Ulum Tanjungpinang to write descriptive texts. based on student’s feedback using Wattpad application, the results show a strong positive trend across all questions related to Wattpad. Respondents tend to strongly support the statements provided. Mostly showed a positive “Strongly Agree” toward each statement, with only a few being neutral, disagreeing, or strongly disagreeing suggesting that the students had a favorable perception to the Implementation of the Duolingo application on the writing skill of the eleventh-grade students at MA Miftahul Ulum Tanjungpinang.

English Language Learner might be good in English mainly on grammar, but that doesn’t determine that they are good in transforming information from source language to target language or so called translation. Translation is necessary since it is crucial for individuals who are not fluent in English. This research used descriptive qualitative in analyzing translation techniques and readability. The data sources were the English and Indonesian versions of a review text regarding the Harry Potter film series. The text was translated into Indonesian by nine ELLs (English students at Islamic University of Majapahit). The data were gathered by note-taking procedures and then evaluated using content analysis methods. Three readers served as raters, evaluating the readability of the translated review content. According to the findings, the ELLs used 13 techniques, the most dominant of which was amplification (22.81%), followed by reduction (20.80%) and borrowing. The ELLs' translation text had a high readability score (score 3) ranging from 23.14% to 0.59%. This data reveals that ELLs provided readable translation results on average. Furthermore, the average readability value has been classified as highly readable.

The objective of the research was to describe tag and intersentential code switching found in English young learners classroom interaction at Ganesha English Courses Lubuklinggau. The research questions in this research was they were what were tag and intersentential code switching found in English young learners classroom interaction. Setting of this research were Ganesha English Courses Lubuklinggau. The qualitative approach in descriptive qualitative research design was used in this research because the data was in the form of words rather than the number. The data were collected by means of the observation and interviews. Then the data were analyzed by using transcribing and analyzing. The result of this research show, there were found 31 data; (1) 15 tag codes switching, and (2) 16 intersentential codes switching.

This research aims to analyze the quality of the Camera Translator application based on the perspective of Nababan’s theory. The reason for conducting this research is because of the importance of understanding the quality of the camera translator application which is increasingly used in everyday life and education, especially to overcome limited foreign language skills. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The research instruments used include the Camera translator application and translation quality assessments based on Nababan theory indicators, namely accuracy, readability, and acceptability. The data source in this research is written text, a part of a short story entitled “April in Moscow” translated using a camera translator application. The research data is in the form of text translation results from English to Indonesian taken by taking pictures of the text to be translated. The research results show that camera translator applications have varying accuracy, readability, and acceptability levels. From data sources totaling 63 sentences from part of the short story "April in Moscow", 41 sentences were translated accurately, 15 sentences were translated less accurately, and 7 sentences were not accurate. In terms of acceptability, 39 sentences were acceptable, 14 sentences were less acceptable, and 10 sentences were not acceptable. From the readability aspect, 44 sentences are readable, 12 sentences are less readable, and 7 sentences are not readable. In general, the translation results are quite good, however, there are several errors in the translation of certain words and phrases which affect the overall quality of the translation. This research concludes that the camera translator application has good quality in transferring the meaning of written text from English to Bahasa. It also can be a useful tool for translating texts in daily life and education, but users must remain careful about potential translation errors. Evaluation of translation quality using Nababan's theory can provide deeper insight into the advantages and disadvantages of camera translator applications.

This study explores the application and violation of Grice's conversational maxims in the animated films "Finding Nemo" (2003) and "Finding Dory" (2016). Grice's maximsquantity, quality, relation, and manner are key to effective communication in pragmatics. The research analyzes how these maxims are followed or flouted by the characters, affecting humor, tension, and narrative flow. Through a qualitative approach, the study identifies specific instances of adherence and violation, examining their impact on character development and audience engagement. The findings indicate that flouting the maxim of quantity often creates humor, while manipulating the maxim of relation generates suspense. This analysis demonstrates the role of conversational maxims in enhancing storytelling and character interactions in animated films, contributing to their narrative and entertainment value.

This research aims to determine the significant effect of implementing the VCT learning model on the speaking skills of class IV students at SD Inpres Talakauwe, West Bajeng District, Gowa Regency. The type of research used in this research is pre-experimental and is a quantitative type of research. The sample in this study was 25 students. Data collection techniques were carried out using learning results tests and observation sheets. Data analysis of research results was obtained from descriptive statistical data analysis and inferential data analysis. The research results showed that speaking skills before implementing the VCT (Value Clarification Technique) learning model in the pretest had an average score of 64. Meanwhile, in the posttest it had improved with an average score of 83.2. The results of the t-test analysis regarding the influence of the VCT (Value Clarification Technique) learning model on the learning outcomes of student participants show that the significance value obtained is good, namely the influence of the VCT (Value Clarification Technique) learning model on speaking skills (Sig = 0.001) is smaller than the value The alpha set is 0.05 (0.001 < 0.05). Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that Ho is rejected and H1 is accepted, which states that there is an influence of the use of the VCT (Value Clarification Technique) learning model on the speaking skills of class IV students at SD Inpres Talakauwe, West Bajeng District, Gowa Regency.

The objective of the study was to identify the content analysis according to Cunningsworth’s theory in the English textbook entitled “Pathway To English Phase E” used in first grade senior high school by Th.M. Sudarwati and Eudia Grace. This study was a descriptive qualitative research with a documentation technique as a data collection method. This study also used triangulation namely triangulation of data. This study used content analysis according to Cunningsworth’s theory to analyzed the data. According to the criteria for selecting a good textbook which are: 1) aims and approaches, 2) language and content, 3) skill, 4) topic, and 5) methodology. The research was conducted from Desember 2023 to January 2024. This study was conducted at the library. To analyze the data, the researchers used qualitative analysis data. The results of this study will be the criteria for a good textbook according to cunningsworth 5 out of 8 criteria are present. Among them are aims and approaches, language and content, skill, topic and methodology. The research show aims and approaches get 93,75%, language and content get 70,83%, skill get 95,83%, topic get 87,5 and methodology get 100%. The average points is 89,5%. Additionally, the study shows that data is transmitted in the form of texts, instructions and conversations.
 
 

This study explores the portrayal of mental illness, particularly paranoid schizophrenia, in the film script “Black Swan.” Library research method is adopted for this study. The primary source material is the “Black Swan” script, and the secondary sources include theoretical reference books that provide supporting evidence for the analysis. Utilizing a psychological approach, the analysis explores the character of Nina Sayers and her descent into a mental breakdown. The paper examines how the script depicts symptoms of schizophrenia, including hallucinations, delusions, and emotional instability. Additionally, the analysis investigates potential contributing factors such as neuropsychological vulnerabilities, immense pressure from ballet world, and a strained family dynamic. The Black Swan script serves as a valuable case study for understanding the complex interplay between internal and external forces that can trigger a mental illness. By examining Nina’s character, the study shed light on the challenges faced by individuals with schizophrenia and the importance of recognizing the diverse range of symptoms with the disorder.
 
 

Shakespeare's sonnets are renowned for their profound use of rich metaphors and sophisticated language to explore human emotions and experiences. In three well-known sonnets—"Sonnet 18" ("Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer's Day?"), "Sonnet 130" ("My Mistress' Eyes are Nothing Like the Sun"), and "Sonnet 116" ("Let Me Not to the Marriage of True Minds"—this article explores Shakespeare's use of figurative language. Shakespeare's use of metaphors, imagery, and personalization is thoroughly examined in this research using Rasinger's analytical method, revealing the many meanings and feelings that these works contain. Shakespeare's writing prowess and his ongoing relevance in examining the complexity of human existence are highlighted in this article through a thorough examination and comparison of various literary devices

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of English textbooks for special purposes, particularly in the context of learning English for education. The content analysis method was used to evaluate the textbook with a focus on its purpose, content, methodology, and practical aspects. The results of the analysis showed strengths in purpose, approach, design and organization, as well as language aspects such as vocabulary and grammar. However, there were weaknesses in content coverage and integration of important components such as grammar and pronunciation. The implication is that this study emphasizes the importance of textbook evaluation to ensure the quality and effectiveness of learning, by adapting the materials to learners' needs and integrating methodologies that are in line with the latest educational developments.

Reading is an important skill for students learning English, whether as a second language or a foreign language. Reading still plays a big role and is an essential tool for conveying meaning and information through text. For foreign language learners, reading in English is not an easy task because reading in English is complex and it is difficult to understand the meaning of sentences. Understanding is necessary to understand the meaning and obtain the information conveyed by the author. This happen because the language system of English is different from the students' native language. Hasibuan et al (2021) stated that Reading is an active process, it involves interpreting passages, not just receiving a message. It is reasonable for reading is one of the basic ways of acquiring information. Because when the students have a good competence in reading English, it will help them to obtain and enrich their knowledge.
 
 

The problem of this research is students’ low speaking skills; students are afraid, nervous, and less interested in learning English. The purpose of the study is to improve students' speaking skills using the Werewolf game. This research was conducted at SMP N 33 Padang. The researcher only took one class as a sample. The sample consisted of 31 students from class VIII 4 who were chosen using cluster random sampling. This study used a quantitative method with a pre-experimental approach. The experimental group was taught the Werewolf game. The data collection instrument was an oral test. The experimental group was given a pre-test and a post-test. The pre-test result showed the average experimental class score was 57.42 and the post-test was 66.06. After the data is collected, the data is analyzed using the t-test formula. The results of the analysis showed that the value of t test> t table is 3.695 > 2.0454. The last hypothesis shows that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. This means that there is a significant influence on improving students' speaking skills using the Werewolf game.

This study focuses the translation techniques in the film script Encanto. The goals of this research are to determine the types of translation procedures employed in the Encanto Movie Script, as well as to assess how these approaches are applied. Because study is conducted using sentences and clauses, the researcher employed qualitative research methodologies. The information was obtained from the Disney Hot Star App subtitle for the film "Encanto". The researcher collected data using Molina and Albir's (2002) theory. Data obtained by reading the script in both English and Indonesian, recognizing the data, categorizing the data, evaluating the data, and drawing conclusions.The researcher discovered 136 data. there were: Literal translation, Establish Equivalent, Linguistic Compression, Borrowing, Calque, Adaptation, Compensation

The aim of this research is to analyze the narrative structure and religious values ??contained in the oral stories of the Meron Tradition. This research was designed qualitatively and used an analytical method based on Axel Olrix's theory. The results of the analysis show that the Meron Tradition oral stories prioritize narrative structure to build the storyline. The author uses literature study techniques to collect data by reading, taking notes, and processing research materials. They also use Triagulation techniques to ensure the validity of the data. Triangulation uses something other than the data for checking or comparison. The narrative structure in the Meron Tradition oral story is an interrelated and interdependent component. One of the religious values ??in the Meron Tradition story is worship, gratitude, trust, respect and the example of the Prophet Muhammad SAW.

The demanding situations of the arena of training in assembly the wishes of the internet era are pretty large. This is because of their extraordinary existence experiences, particularly their enjoy in the usage of technology. The internet itself opens up many possibilities for integrating technology in classroom learning. Youtube is one of the getting to know media that may be incorporated in getting to know publications which can be taken into consideration hard with the aid of using students.. The purpose of this research is to be able to find out the benefits that can be taken from youtube for English learning media in English courses. This research is a qualitative research in which the author uses observation, question and answer (interview) and questionnaire.  The results of the study show that videos on Youtube can be used as one of the learning media.
 
 

This research aims to explore the effectiveness of using Indonesian in student presentations and seminars. The method used in this research is the Quantitative Method using a Questionnaire. Questionnaires were distributed to 23 students who had attended seminars or student presentations. Research findings show that students still often make errors in grammar, spelling and word choice in talks and seminars. These grammatical errors can affect how well the audience understands the presentation or seminar material; Audiences who are distracted by grammatical errors will have a hard time following along. Therefore, so that students can use Indonesian in presentations and seminars well, they need to be guided and trained.

This study examines the role of speech style in learning English among students. This research is research using a qualitative approach. The population in this study is an X-class student of AT-tawazun Kalijati Subang's MA. Interviews and random sampling techniques are used for sample-taking. The results of the study show that the influence of the student's speaking style in learning English affects the level of English skills of students. Some aspects that affect the student's speech style are the daily activities of the student, such as speaking English in theys spare time. Classes that encourage learning are also effective.

This research aims to determine the influence of the Discovery Learning Learning Model on the Ability to Write Short Stories at SMA Negeri 2 Kisaran..This type of research is all students off class XI science at SMA Negeri 2 range of 216 students. The sampling technique used in the data collection process is random sampling. Data analysis techniques using statistical analysis. Based on the results of research data analysis and hypothesis testing, it was concluded that the average result of the ability to write short stories in the XI IPA 2 experimental class taught using the discovery learning model obtained an average score of 87,88 higher tha the control class XI IPA 3 which obtained an average score of 81,88.

This research presents an in-depth analysis of various types of English syllables, including closed, open, vowel-consonant-e, vowel team, r-controlled, and consonant-le syllables. Each type of syllable has unique characteristics that contribute to the structure and pronunciation of words in English. Closed syllables produce short vowel sounds due to the ending consonant, while open syllables result in long vowel sounds due to the ending vowel. Vowel-consonant-e syllables involve a vowel followed by a consonant and a silent 'e,' which lengthens the vowel sound. Vowel team syllables consist of two vowels that together produce a single vowel sound, while r-controlled syllables involve a vowel followed by the letter 'r,' which alters the vowel sound. Consonant-le syllables, typically found at the end of words, provide a distinctive rhythm and flow. This study demonstrates that a theoretical understanding of syllable types has significant implications for phonics instruction and language education. Phonics instruction based on syllable patterns can enhance reading fluency and spelling proficiency. The analysis also reveals phonological diversity in English, reflecting the language's adaptability and complexity. Understanding syllable structures also provides insights into how the brain processes language, which is crucial for developing effective language teaching strategies.

The research aims to explore the effects of using social media in second language learning. In today’s digital era, social media has become a significant tool in various aspect of life, including education. This research uses qualitative  methods with in-depth interviews and observations to collect data from 30 high school (high school) student who are learning a second language through social media platforms such as Instagram, twitter, ticktock, and YouTube.The result of the study showed that the use of social media in second language learning had a positive impact on the participants communication skills. Social media allows access to a variety of authentic sources and the opportunity to interact with native speakers, which in turn improves language skills significantly. In addition, participants increased motivating and confidence in using the second language.

Language is a means of communicating between people, but there are those who are unlucky so that they have language disorders, language disorders are phenomena that occur in a person both in receiving and expressing language in communication, not only parents can be affected by language disorders, children can also receive language disorders because the causes of language disorders vary. This study examines language disorders in children with autism using qualitative research methods, as well as descriptive analysis. The aim is to determine the phenomenon of language disorders in children with autism both in terms of receptive and expressive.

The aim of this research is to enhance students' English speaking skills through interview simulation techniques with job application material, making them more active. This research uses experimental techniques that combined with quantitative research techniques through direct speaking tests. The research questions considered in this study are: What are interview simulation techniques effective in enhancing students' English speaking skills? How can interview simulation techniques enhance students' English speaking skills? The aim of this research is to determine the effectiveness of interview simulation techniques in improving students' English language skills. To assess student results regarding the use of interview simulation techniques in teaching speaking to enhance abilities. This research method consists of pre-test, treatment, post-test. The analytical methods used for data processing are included in Social Science Statistics 22.0 for Windows. The result was that before applying the interview simulation technique, only 50% of students were able to speak English. After applying the interview simulation technique, it increased students' ability to speak English by 80%. Analysis of student test results shows that the interview simulation technique is effective in enhancing students' English speaking skills. Applying simulation techniques in learning English, especially speaking, is the right strategy to enhance students' skills.
 
 

This research entitled Slang words and Contextualization in Venom: Let There Be Carnage Movie,  aimed  to discuss the types of slang words and the contextualization the use of the slang word in the movie.  The undergraduate thesis analysed the used of slang words in the conversations regarding the types and the contextualization of slang words. This research used the theory types of slang proposed by Allan and Burridge (2006) and the theory contextualization of slang proposed by Gumperz (1992) for the main theory. For the supporting theory used theory of sociolinguistics by Un Nisa (2019). The data of this study are from the utterances, words, and conversation occurred in the movie, in the form of slang words uttered by the characters dialogues. The analysed was use descriptive qualitative method. The results found that there were 5 slang words in the movie types and contextualization of slang, namely: Fresh and Creative, Flippant, Imitate, Acronym and Clipping. The result after analysing the movie, there were fourty six data in types and contextualization of slang. In the types and contextualization of slang, the highest type was flippant slang type and the lowest was acronym type.
 

Problem-based learning (PBM) has been proven effective in improving students' active learning and problem-solving skills. This article examines the application of technology-integrated PBM methods as an approach to improving students' writing skills. In this study, learning support software and teacher consultation were used in the development of problem scenarios related to curriculum content. Qualitative research provides detailed and relevant information. The researcher used qualitative research methods because qualitative research provides detailed information about the application of technology-based problem-based learning to improve writing skills. The library learning method consists of activities related to collecting bibliographic information, reading and recording, and managing written materials. Qualitative research uses secondary data obtained from literature reviews such as; References, journals, articles and sources related to the research. The information obtained was analyzed using interpretative analysis. This means that the information collected is interpreted or explained, and the analysis is not just a description, but also a precise explanation and interpretation. This method involves several steps, starting with problem identification, research, collaboration and solution development. This case study made extensive use of secondary education literature as a source of literary material. The results show that students' writing skills improved significantly after applying this approach. The practical implication of the findings is that combining PBM and technology can be an effective strategy to improve students' writing skills.

Learning and teaching activities occur almost every day in the classroom between teachers and students. In this context, the process is usually thought of as the teacher delivering material to students while the students listen to the teacher's explanation. Learning in the classroom can occur if an interaction or synergy is created from various factors that support the teaching and learning process such as the presence of teachers, students, curriculum, teaching methods or techniques, teaching media and others. In this case, a learning activity is carried out to achieve learning objectives. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of using children's songs as a method of learning English in elementary schools. The research method used is qualitative research with a literature study approach. The research results show that the use of children's songs in English learning in elementary schools can increase students' motivation, strengthen their language skills, and facilitate enjoyable learning. Children's songs help students internalize English vocabulary, grammar and intonation more effectively. These findings provide important insights for the development of English language learning strategies that focus on students' active involvement. It is hoped that the results of this research can become a basis for developing a more innovative and student-oriented English language learning approach in elementary schools.
 
 

Short stories are part of a literary genre that describes the environment. One of the important things in short stories is how the author's events and thoughts can be expressed well so that they can be understood and enjoyed well by readers. To find information contained in short stories in more depth, research can be done in the form of analysis. The aim of this research is to examine the content of the short story entitled "Penthouse 2601" by Djenar Maesa Ayu using a literary sociology approach. In literary sociology, literary works are considered as a reflection of society's life which cannot be separated from consideration of fictional elements and social aspects of society's life. The research method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive research method. By using listening and taking notes as a data collection technique. The results of this research show that in the short story entitled "Penthouse 2601" there are social aspects and cultural aspects. This research can have implications for Indonesian language learning, especially at the Senior High School (SMA) level
 
 

Analyzing the study of diphthongs and consonant clusters in the children's reading book" wading the ocean of life " by Muh.Sunardiyantothis research uses the literature study method. Stages in the analysis of data in the form of stages of data collection, data analysis and writing stages. In this study the researchers analyzed the use of diphthongs ai, au, oi and consonant clusters studies show that the diphthong /ai/ is used 79 times in the children's reading book "wading the ocean of life", kh, ng, ny, sy, nk in children's reading across the ocean of life.In addition to the consonant cluster /ny/ quite a lot found but not more than consonant cluster /ng/, 146 is the result of analysis of the consonant cluster /ny/ along with the page was already recorded in the results. The existence of diphthongs in children's reading” wading the ocean of life " by Muh. Sunardiyanto, there are only a few /ai /and/ au /while/ ei /and/ oi /are not found as well as consonant clusters/ nk/, in consonant clusters only found/ ng/,/ kh/,/ ny/, and/sy/. Based on the results and discussion of this article, it informs what diphthongs and consonant clusters are and on which pages the diphthongs and consonant clusters are located.

Minang or Minangkabau is an ethnic cultural group that adheres to a distinctive customary system, namely the family system according to female lineage which is called the matrilineal system. In Minangkabau culture, marriage is one of the important events in the life cycle and is a very significant transitional period in forming a new small family group for offspring. The purpose of this research is to find out the symbolic meaning in Minangkabau traditional marriage. This research uses a qualitative method and uses the Peirce’s theory. The informants of this study are people who understand Minangkabau culture, such as the coconut of the Minangkabau tribe. Data collection techniques through observation and direct interviews to the field and obtain information from several books and websites. the results obtained were: maminang (applying), rapek sumando (consultation of traditional leaders), malam bainai (attaching henna to the bride), Manjapuik marapulai (picking up the groom), basandiang (side by side). Then the researcher compiles, describes, and writes the symbolic meanings that exist in the traditional Minangkabau wedding steps.

The Purpose of Research on Seba baduy conducted by STKIP Sheikh Manshur students in Lebak Regency, aims to get to know more closely the Baduy community in preserving their culture in Seba baduy activities. The research method used is descriptive with a functional approach through data collection techniques in the form of interviews and observations. The result of this research illustrates that Seba Baduy activity is the culmination of a ritual event conducted once a year which is intended to express gratitude to God and the government for the welfare of the Baduy community that has been produced in a period of one year. In addition, Seba Baduy activity has a ritual ceremony, this ceremony is a proof of customary recognition and aims to stay in touch between Kanekes community and the government both in the regency and province, namely to the regent and governor officials who informally become the leaders of Baduy community. The best time and date for the ceremony is chosen, especially after the harvest. The seba ceremony is a series of religious or belief systems of the Sunda Wiwitan religion adopted by the Kanekes community, so this ceremony must be carried out because it is an ancestral heirloom that must continue to be maintained and preserved which is passed on continuously to its children and grandchildren in a firm and binding manner. (Ayuna et al., 2021)

The aim of this research is to provide innovation related to learning media for crew members with an independent curriculum adaptation model for Indonesian language subjects, especially learning media for children with visual impairments or who are blind. The method used in this research is a literature review study or literature review. Literature study is a research design used to collect data sources related to a topic found in the field. Data collection for literature studies was carried out using the Google Scholar search tool. The screening results that were appropriate and needed were 3 National Journal articles based on the articles found and analyzed. The results of this research were that a suitable learning media for improving the reading skills of blind students was found to be using audio media in the form of voice recordings.

This study discusses the vocal series as a sequence of elements in a series of sounds. This abstract reviews the concept of vocal series from a theoretical and practical point of view, focusing on the analysis of vocal series in the short story "the story of the mouse deer and the crocodile". This study aims to investigate the properties of vocal series and their potential in providing new insights related to understanding and application of vocal series in sound processing technology. explore the use of vowel series in language and understand their role in creating nuance in stories. Qualitative analysis methods are used to explore the meaning contained in vowel series, explain the relationship between vowel use and characters, and identify linguistic patterns that enrich the narrative. The findings from this study may provide additional insight into the use of language in short stories and the contribution of vocal series to the formation of the story's atmosphere.

Literary works always contain the author's perspective on reality as a social institution created by the author. These problems are often combined into a view or criticism of life. This certainly describes social life as a reality that occurs in an environment. One type of literary work that contains a view of reality is W.S Rendra's poem entitled "Poem of Hot People". The aim of this research is to determine the effort to explain the social impact of the poem entitled "Poetry of the Overheated People" by W.S Rendra. The poem depicts social and political inequality between the needy class of society and the ruling class of society. Through this research, I hope to make us more sensitive to circumstances and conditions. The reason I chose W.S Rendra's poetry was because the language was very clear and specific. With poetry that uses clear and specific language, the meaning of the content is accurate and complete. The poem is analyzed using the perspective of the social impact that occurs on a phenomenon. The method used in this research is a qualitative method using a literary sociology approach. The technique used is descriptive analysis technique. The researcher sees himself as the only tool. This process involves recording factors related to aspects of social impact as documentation of analysis and as a source of understanding. The results of the research show that the poem "Poetry of Hot People" describes social inequality. Based on these findings, researchers concluded that poetry can be used as a means to criticize existing injustices and express feelings of dissatisfaction with social situations.
 
 
 

This study aims to analyze the results of the application of the Quiziz application in English language learning as evaluation material for grade XI Mipa 1 students at SMA 6 Maros. The research method used is descriptive research with a quantitative approach. The sample of this study was class XI Mipa 1 students consisting of 17 people. Research data was collected through the use of the Quiziz application which is used as an evaluation tool in English language learning. The collected data is analyzed using descriptive statistical methods to analyze the level of student understanding of the material taught. The results showed that the application of the Quiziz application in English language learning made a significant contribution in improving student understanding. Students show improvement in evaluation scores after using the Quiziz app as evaluation material. In addition, students also provide positive feedback regarding the use of this application in English language learning. This study provides recommendations for English teachers to consider using the Quiziz application as an evaluation tool in learning. In addition, this research can also be a reference for schools or other educational institutions in choosing and implementing the right application to improve English learning outcomes.
 
 

The focus of this research is to find the usage of the transitivity processes in SIA’s selected song lyrics. This research is descriptive qualitative research. This study attempts to identify and investigate transitivity mechanisms that are employed in the SIA’s selected song lyrics. The source data of this research are the five selected song lyrics of SIA. Meanwhile, the data of this research are the clauses that used transitivity processes in SIA’s selected song lyrics. The interactive model is used to analyze the research's data. The results show that five of SIA’s song lyrics contain all six categories of transitivity processes, which include mental, relational, material, verbal, behavioral, and existential processes. From the six types of transitivity processes that are found, the material process is dominantly used in SIA’s selected song lyrics. It suggests a connection between the physical activity that occurs in the social phenomenon and the lyrics of the songs chosen by SIA. In order to fully comprehend the song's meaning, readers should be aware of transitivity processes. Along with that, it also benefits the songwriter by giving them more freedom to craft lyrics with a variety of language.

The goal of this research was to investigate whether conversational videos could improve the speaking skills of midwifery students at Muhammadiyah Manado University. Specifically, the study looked at how videos could help students develop correct rhythm, stress, intonation, and emotion in their pronunciation. The study involved 32 midwifery students at the university and used an experimental technique with pre-tests and post-tests to collect data. To gather data, the researcher used observation and assessed the students' speaking skills before and after watching the videos. The results showed that the conversational videos were effective in improving the students' pronunciation skills. To get the most benefit from the videos, the students first practiced the conversations featured in the videos. Next, they listened to the conversations, repeated them, and then practiced speaking in front of the class. The findings showed that the final good value increased significantly from the pre-test stage to the post-test stage. In the pre-test, the students' good value was 22%, but this increased to 47% in the post-test. Moreover, the lack of value decreased by 19% in the post-test compared to the pre-test.