Camshaft lift is an important parameter that determines the height of the valve lift, calculated from the valve position when it is completely closed to the fully open position. This component plays a crucial role in regulating the flow of the air and fuel mixture into the combustion chamber. This study aims to improve the performance of a 200cc 4-stroke motorcycle engine through camshaft lift modification, which is expected to affect the characteristics of engine torque and power. Modifications were carried out by designing two types of modified camshafts, namely series A and series B, as a comparison to the standard camshaft. The research method used is experimental testing using a dynamometer to measure engine torque and power at various speeds, ranging from 4,000 to 10,000 RPM. The data obtained were analyzed to determine the effect of each type of camshaft on engine performance. The test results show that the B series camshaft provides the most significant performance improvement compared to the standard and A series camshafts. At 7,500 RPM, the standard camshaft produces an average torque of 19.2 Nm, the A series camshaft 19.6 Nm, while the B series camshaft reaches 21.2 Nm. Meanwhile, at 10,000 RPM, the average power of the standard camshaft is recorded at 22.2 HP, the A series camshaft 24.1 HP, and the B series camshaft reaches 26.3 HP. This increase indicates that the camshaft lift modification is able to optimize the duration and height of the valve opening, so that the supply of the fuel and air mixture to the combustion chamber becomes more efficient. Thus, camshaft modification, especially the B series, is an effective and applicable solution in increasing the performance output of a 200cc motorcycle engine without having to make major changes to the overall engine structure.

Motorcycle engine performance is highly dependent on the air intake system, which plays a crucial role in the combustion process. One common method for improving engine performance is modifying the intake system, either by installing additional devices or adjusting the quantity of incoming air. One innovation that is starting to be widely used is the Jet Ranger, an additional device on the intake duct that is claimed to be able to increase air flow into the combustion chamber. This study aims to determine the effect of the use of Jet Ranger and variations in the quantity of incoming air on the maximum power of a 150 cc motorcycle engine, as well as to analyze the interaction between the two variables. The study was conducted using an experimental method with a two-way factorial approach. The independent variables in this study consisted of two factors, namely the use of Jet Ranger (without Jet Ranger and with Jet Ranger) and variations in the quantity of incoming air divided into four levels (0.008; 0.012; 0.016; and 0.020 kg/s). Maximum power testing was conducted using a Leads dynotest, while the mass of incoming air was calculated based on air velocity measured using a digital anemometer. The test data were statistically analyzed using a two-way ANOVA to identify the effect of each factor and the interaction between them on engine power. The results of the study indicate that the use of Jet Ranger significantly increases engine power. Variations in the quantity of intake air also significantly affect the power generated. In addition, the interaction between the use of Jet Ranger and the quantity of intake air is proven to have a significant impact on increasing the maximum engine power. These results are in line with the theory of intake systems which states that increasing optimal air flow can increase the volumetric efficiency of the engine, and are supported by findings from previous studies. Therefore, these findings can be used as a reference in the development of air intake systems on motorcycles to achieve more optimal engine performance.

Rapid technological developments have penetrated various aspects of human life, including data and information security. Amidst the threat of data leaks and misuse, information protection has become crucial. One solution to maintain data confidentiality is to implement cryptography technology. Cryptography is the study of techniques to secure messages so they cannot be read by unauthorized parties. This process is carried out by encoding the original message (plain text) into an unreadable form (cipher text), which can only be understood by those who possess the key to decrypt it. This study used the Caesar Cipher algorithm, a form of classical cryptography. This algorithm uses a substitution method, where each letter in the message is shifted by a certain amount based on a predetermined key. Caesar Cipher is a symmetric algorithm, meaning the key used for encryption is also used for decryption. The security of this algorithm lies in the secrecy of the key, which is known only to the sender and recipient of the message. This method is relatively simple, but still relevant for securing data with low to medium sensitivity levels. This study used WhatsApp messages as the object to be encrypted using the Caesar Cipher algorithm. The results show that encrypted messages become unintelligible without prior decryption. This demonstrates that the Caesar Cipher can protect messages from unauthorized parties. Therefore, implementing this algorithm can be an initial solution for maintaining data confidentiality in digital communications, especially on platforms vulnerable to eavesdropping or unauthorized access. Its primary benefit is maintaining message integrity and confidentiality to prevent misuse.
 

This research investigates the underlying factors that shape the interest of students from the 2024 cohort in enrolling in the Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering Education Program at the Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Padang. Utilizing a descriptive quantitative methodology, data were gathered through a structured, closed-ended questionnaire administered to the entire cohort, which consisted of 89 students. The analysis reveals that the overall level of student interest is categorized as high, with a notable percentage of 55%. Several key variables were identified as influential: (1) self-awareness factors encompassing physical capabilities, intellectual aptitude, intrinsic motivation, and innate talent were rated in the very high category at 56%; (2) familial influences such as the provision of information, emotional support, and parenting styles also ranked very high at 46%; (3) school-related elements including the accessibility of school information systems, teacher roles, peer dynamics, and hands on learning experiences were classified in the high category with 44%; and (4) social media engagement specifically the frequency of use and the quality of educational content was likewise in the high category, scoring 48%. These findings underscore the multifaceted nature of student decision-making, with self-awareness emerging as the most prominent determinant in shaping academic program choices. The study highlights the need for educational institutions to consider these interrelated dimensions when developing recruitment strategies and academic guidance frameworks.

This study uses a qualitative method to examine the influence of sustainable manufacturing systems on the competitiveness of industrial companies in Indonesia. In an increasingly competitive global market, implementing sustainability principles in manufacturing systems has become a vital strategy to enhance operational efficiency, reduce environmental impact, and strengthen a company’s image in the eyes of consumers and stakeholders. This research focuses on how industrial companies in Indonesia integrate economic, social, and environmental aspects into their production processes and how such integration contributes to long-term competitiveness. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with production managers, analysis of internal company documents, and direct observation of sustainable manufacturing practices. The findings reveal that companies consistently applying sustainable manufacturing systems are able to improve product quality, expand market share, and enhance customer loyalty. Additionally, they are more adaptive to environmental regulations and market trends demanding corporate social responsibility. Thus, sustainability becomes a strategic factor in enhancing industrial competitiveness in Indonesia.

Internal combustion engines generate thermal energy through the combustion of an air-fuel mixture. The incoming air must be filtered, as it contains impurities and particles. While air filters are commonly made from paper, they can also be developed using organic waste materials such as sugarcane bagasse and rice husk. This study aims to analyze the effect of biocomposite air filters on engine power, torque, and specific fuel consumption (SFC), by varying the material composition and the number of pleats, and comparing the results with those of a standard air filter. The method used is a quantitative experimental approach involving dyno testing on a 150 cc motorcycle engine. The tested material compositions include 50:50, 40:60, 30:70, 60:40, and 70:30 (sugarcane bagasse\:rice husk), with pleat counts of 28, 26, and 24. Results showed that the biocomposite filter with 28 pleats and a 30:70 composition delivered the best performance, producing 18.47 Hp and 16.66 Nm of torque—higher than the standard filter’s 17.98 Hp and 15.52 Nm. In terms of fuel efficiency, the 26-pleat filter with a 50:50 composition recorded the lowest SFC at 41.90 g/kWh, significantly better than the standard filter’s 53.03 g/kWh. Conversely, the 60:40 composition resulted in the highest SFC due to increased airflow resistance.

The braking system is a crucial component that affects driving safety on motor vehicles, especially motorcycles. The purpose of this study was to determine how brake fluid viscosity and brake fluid pressure affect braking distance. Brake fluids A (12,001 cSt), B (11,120 cSt), and C (10,958 cSt) are three types of brake fluids that vary, along with brake fluid pressure, which ranges from 1.5 to 4.5 bar. A 7 mm bolt that is 70 mm long and drilled into the brake lever is used to limit the pressure. Based on the results of the study, braking distance is affected by fluid pressure and viscosity. With the same fluid pressure of 4.5 bar, brake fluid A is able to brake at the farthest distance of 25.01 meters, brake fluid B is able to brake at the middle distance of 23.12 meters, and brake fluid C is able to brake at the shortest distance of 21.79 meters.

The development of technology in the field of fisheries is very rapid along with facilitating human work in the field. Human work can be done by tools such as feeding catfish in ponds automatically. This job is easy to do, but problems will arise when catfish are not fed at night or are fed too late, then the catfish will eat smaller catfish so that it can be detrimental to catfish farming owners. With this background, the author created a "Catfish Feeding Control System Based on the Internet of Things (IoT) Using the Fuzzy Sugeno Method". This testing and discussion was carried out by functionally testing each component, testing the program using simulation and testing it as a whole. The results of testing the tool and taking data are expected to obtain valid data and the tool works according to its function and purpose as expected. From the results of the analysis and discussion of the research entitled "Internet Of Things (IoT) Based Catfish Feeding Control System Using the Fuzzy Sugeno Method" it can be concluded as a process of automatic fish feeding using the RTC module as a reference for catfish time three times a day with good results and the process of calculating the amount of fish feed 3 to 8% with fish weight from LOW to HIGH using Fuzzy Sugeno has worked well compared to the results of the BLYNK application.

Learning activities can run smoothly if accompanied by the availability of appropriate learning media. Learning in the Machining Technology course requires direct practical activities, for example in understanding the use of lathes. The limitations of students' mastery of knowledge when facing the teaching and learning process that tends to be lecture-oriented, causing students' lack of understanding during practice. Learning media that is less interesting causes failure in delivering material, thereby reducing students' interest in learning. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of Real Time Augmented Reality (RT-AR) Lathe media in the learning process of the Machining Technology course in the D-III Study Program, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Padang State University (FT-UNP). RT-AR media is designed to present interactive visualizations that describe the lathe work process in real time, so that it is expected to improve students' conceptual understanding and practical skills. The study used a quasi-experimental method with a pre-test and post-test design in two groups: the experimental group using RT-AR media and the control group using conventional learning methods. The results showed that there was a significant increase in the learning outcomes of students in the experimental group compared to the control group. In addition, RT-AR media is also able to increase students' motivation and active participation during the learning process. These findings indicate that RT-AR Lathe media is an effective and relevant learning innovation to be applied in vocational engineering education, especially in mastering lathing material.

Natural fibers can be used as an alternative basic material for produce SNI helmet that are environmentally friendly. A huge potential of hemp fiber in Indonesia has not apply properly yet. This study propose to determine the ability of tensile strength and impact toughness in hemp fiber composites so that hemp fiber can be used as an alternative material for making SNI helmets. This study uses an unsaturated polyester 157 BQTN-EX resin matrix and MEKPO catalyst. Alkali treatment of the fibers uses 5% NaOH for 2 hours. The composite is made using the hand lay-up method. Variations volume fraction of hemp fiber used are 30%, 40%, 50%. The tensile testing process uses the ASTM D 638-03 standard and impact toughness testing uses the ASTM D 265-03 standard. Based on the research results, the highest tensile test results were obtained at variation on 30% fiber volume fraction is 18.30 MPa, for the highest impact toughness test results were obtained at variation on 50% fiber volume fraction is 0.0248 J/mm2. The greater the variation of the fiber volume fraction given, the lower the tensile strength value produced, while the higher the variation of the fiber volume fraction given, the greater the energy absorbed so that the impact price increases. Based on the test results, this hemp fiber composite needs to be considered as an alternative material to replace SNI helmet manufacturing.

This research focuses on designing the shortest path to a docking station for the charging system of a robotic coffee delivery system on a cruise ship. With the growing demand for more efficient and innovative services in the maritime industry, autonomous robots are increasingly being used for tasks such as delivering coffee to passengers. However, these robots face unique challenges in the confined and dynamic environment of a ship, particularly in terms of power management and recharging. The goal of this research is to create an efficient charging system using a power bank and Internet of Things (IoT) technology to minimize downtime and ensure continuous robot operation with minimal human intervention. By utilizing sensors such as the MPU 6050 for motion detection and the TCS 3200 for color recognition, the robot can autonomously navigate the shortest path to the docking station for charging, while IoT enables real-time battery capacity monitoring. This helps reduce the time spent on non-operational tasks and improves the overall efficiency of the system. This research not only enhances the robot’s ability to operate autonomously in complex environments but also provides a flexible and scalable solution for the maritime industry to integrate advanced robotics into their service operations. The results of this study contribute to the increased adoption of autonomous systems in the maritime sector, particularly in improving service efficiency on board, reducing the need for human intervention, and ensuring smoother service delivery to passengers.

This research looks into how well Duolingo and YouTube help people learn Japanese. A quantitative approach was taken, gathering information from 35 individuals through an online questionnaire. Participants were chosen based on whether they used Duolingo, YouTube, or both platforms. The questionnaire explored their past learning experiences, how they use these platforms, their preferences, how effective they think these tools are, and what challenges they encountered while learning. The findings reveal that most of the participants already had some background in Japanese and preferred online resources due to their accessibility, no cost, and fun features. Duolingo was liked for its organized, game-like approach, whereas YouTube was appreciated for its authentic, visual materials. A lot of people enjoyed learning at their own pace, finding listening and pronunciation to be useful strategies. Some individuals struggled with staying motivated and dealing with complicated grammar rules. To sum up, both Duolingo and YouTube are good resources for learning basic Japanese, especially for those studying on their own. However, they work best when used alongside other resources. It is suggested to combine digital tools with guidance from teachers for the best outcomes.

Wireless communication, in its infrastructure nature, faces many challenges such as fading, data coverage, and interference issues. Therefore, High-Fidelity or (Li-Fi) is utilized due to its ability to naturally provide high-density wireless data coverage in closure’s particularly helpful for application(s) in some areas while the radio interference conditions are concern. This article illustrates an advanced Li-Fi approach performing high-speed data transmission between two Personal Computers (PCs) utilizing the Arduino Nano-based technique. In the experimental phase, data is mainly used to be transmitted over red laser diode (630?nm) through (30?cm) in distance, a distance of 30 cm, achieving a high peak speed reach to about (512Bps). The proposed approach performance is computed by evaluating the most important and related metrics like Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), Bit-Error-Rate (BER), and influence of throughput on input data over various light circumstance. The proposed approach mainly utilizes a keypad as a user input and two related detection models for both a solar cell and a photodetector in order to make a powerful comparison in terms of performance. the results showed that when the photodetector applies a higher-detection efficiency (via BER enhancement which reaches to 20% over solar-cell), the solar-cell clarify outstanding power and cost-activity. The mentioned findings are propped by elaborated statistical-analyses and MATLAB simulation to design, simulate and visualize the validate functionalities of the robustness and scalability properties of the proposed Li-Fi approach.

The Tanjungpura University Hospital building is located in the city of Pontianak, which is situated on the equator and often faces the potential of lightning strikes, thus requiring the installation of an external lightning surge protection system. This study aims to design an external lightning surge protection system capable of protecting the Tanjungpura University Hospital building using the rolling sphere method. In the rolling sphere method, calculations will be made for the lightning strike distance (R), protection radius (Rp), protection area (Ax), and determination of protection angle (?). The University Tanjungpura Hospital building is at protection level IV, with a current strength of I = 16 kA and a lightning strike distance to the ground of 60.63 meters. The results obtained for using finials with the same height, hp = 1 meter, require hundreds of finials, while using a combination of finials and towers requires 68 finials. In the case of tower finials with a height hp = 10 meters, additional conductor wires are added or the catenary method is used with 14 conductor wires connecting 28 tower finials with a height of 10 meters, due to the areas outside the protection zone between these 28 final towers, necessitating the addition of conductor wires to expand the protection area of the rolling sphere method to protect the areas of the Tanjungpura University Hospital building.

The use of lightweight plastic materials is widely applied in the manufacturing of car dashboards. Lightweight plastics or polymers, such as ABS plastic, are not strong enough or can easily crack when impacted. Banana pseudostem fibers have good mechanical properties and are a potential reinforcement for composites. This study aims to analyze the tensile strength of unsaturated polyester-banana pseudostem fiber composites produced through the hand lay-up method at three different angles: 0°/90°, 15°/105°, and 30°/120°. The tensile testing refers to ASTM D638 standards. The results of the tensile tests show that the 0°/90° weaving angle variation had the highest tensile strength value, which was 372.07 MPa. The 30°/120° fiber orientation variation had the lowest tensile strength value at 198.12 MPa. The fractures from the tensile tests were observed through macro photos to understand the failure mode. The macro photo observations showed that all specimens experienced fiber pull-out.
 
 

The objective of this project is to develop cost-effective antenna systems. The study utilized AutoCAD 2006 for data analysis and visualization. This article provides a detailed examination of various antenna systems, including cable/wire, log-periodic, array, helical, and aperture antennas. The research also explores several parameters related to antenna systems, such as effective length, antenna gain and directivity, active aperture, bandwidth, polarization, input impedance, power gain, radiation efficiency, radiation pattern, and radiation intensity. The main goal is to identify the challenges in designing cost-effective antenna systems for reliable communication. These challenges include design issues, contract management difficulties, fluctuating material prices, inaccurate estimations, limited wireless communication technology, and financial constraints. The study examines a wavelength range from 16.7 to 120, corresponding to distances from 10,000 km to 120,000 km. The findings show that at a frequency of 600 MHz, a wavelength of 16.7 units covered a distance of 10,000 km. Similarly, at 750 MHz, a wavelength of 53.3 units covered 40,000 km, and at 850 MHz, a wavelength of 94.1 units spanned 80 km. At 1000 MHz, a wavelength of 120 units covered 120,000 km. This study offers valuable insights into the design of cost-effective antenna systems and provides an understanding of the factors that influence their performance in practical communication scenarios.
 

Generators are an important component in electrical generation. One of the disturbances that occurs in the generator is a short circuit fault. PT Oki Pulp and Paper has a Diesel Generator which is equipment that can be used as an alternative electrical generator to meet backup electricity needs, when a trip / shutdown occurs, the diesel generator will become backup power. The diesel generator observed is YCSR with a capacity of 3875 KVA/380 Volts. The purpose of this research is to analyse the Short Circuit Disturbance of Diesel Generator YCSR 3875 KVA and analyse the calculation of the time required for Over Current Protection on short circuit disturbance of Diesel Generator YCSR 3875 KVA. The research was conducted at the DG House of PT Oki Pulp and Paper in December 2024. The results of the short circuit fault analysis obtained are 17,042.40 A. The time required for the relay to disconnect the electricity during a short circuit is 4.09 seconds. The time obtained from the calculation is quite short, it can be seen that the short circuit fault that occurred was 17,042.40 A. To get the results of the relay working time, there is a calculation to find out how much TMS is determined through calculation, from the calculation getting the TMS result of 1,007 seconds. With TMS = 1.007 seconds, calculations are carried out to find the time required for the overcurrent relay to send a signal to the circuit breaker.

Brain-computer interface (BCI) technology allows a person to learn to control external actuators by means of arbitrary modification of their own EEG directly from the brain without involving nerves and muscles in this process, allowing to control external technical systems directly by brain signals. In the last two decades, BCI technology has been rapidly developing: its areas of application are expanding, new types of sensors for recording brain signals are being proposed, the quality of their recognition is improving, and methods for training subjects to control BCI are being perfected. At the beginning, the main goal of BCI development was to replace or restore motor functions of a person suffering from neuromuscular disorders. Currently, the tasks of BCI development have significantly expanded, increasingly capturing various spheres of life of a healthy person.

Technological advancements encourage the culinary business sector to adopt digital systems to improve operational efficiency. One such innovation is a desktop-based food ordering application. Mona Cafe in Medan developed this system to make it easier for customers to place orders without waiting long or writing them down manually. This application allows customers to select menus digitally, making the ordering process more practical and efficient. Additionally, it helps waiters record and manage orders more systematically, reducing errors and speeding up service. This technology also aligns with the digitalization trend, especially in attracting millennials and Gen Z. Besides enhancing customer convenience, this application helps Mona Cafe stay competitive in the growing culinary business. Developed using the waterfall method, the system makes cafe operations more structured and professional. With this innovation, Mona Cafe is expected to improve its service quality and customer satisfaction

spam is posting unsolicited messages or advertising on social media, particularly Twitter. These messages are normally designed to sell specific products and services or links. In this research, we developed a fuzzy control system to detect Arabic spam tweets based on deep learning with a large language model. Initially, we performed text cleaning and further transformed text into vectors with the help of AraGpt and AraBert. Subsequently, we employed a multi-layer perceptron network model in feature extraction of essential features. Finally, we adopted the fuzzy logic control system for classifying spam tweets using features filtered from deep networks. Employing the proposed Fuzzy logic control system provided nearly a 100% comparative to only utilizing the deep neural networks, which yielded an almost 99% throughput for both large language models Aragpt and Arabert, with a 100% F1 score for the Aragpt model and 99% for Arabert model respectively.

This research examines the effectiveness of Barium Ferrite and PANI/Fe?O? composite as Radar Absorbing Material (RAM) to reduce radar detection. Barium Ferrite has high absorption at high frequencies as well as good thermal stability, making it suitable for applications under extreme and long-term conditions. In contrast, PANI/Fe?O? composites exhibit high flexibility, the ability to absorb waves over a wider frequency range, as well as light weight, ideal for requirements with lightweight materials, such as aircraft. The analysis shows that the selection of RAM depends on the application requirements regarding frequency range and thermal stability. This study recommends the development of composite materials that combine the advantages of both materials as well as field tests to ensure optimal performance in stealth applications.

Village development is an effort to improve the quality of life and life for the greatest welfare of village communities. Meanwhile, the aim of village development is stated in article 78 paragraph 1, namely improving the welfare of village communities and the quality of human life as well as overcoming poverty through fulfilling basic needs, developing village facilities and infrastructure, developing local economic potential, and using natural resources and the environment in a sustainable manner. As is the case with village development, Watu Wona Village is one with a majority of farmers, which is an example of a road access development plan that really needs assistance from the government in its construction to support the production and sale of agricultural products. Infrastructure is still lacking, damaged infrastructure roads make access to the village difficult. As a result, the flow of goods and services to villages to transport agricultural products is also lacking and hampered. Based on the existing problems, village development planning is needed using a decision support system (SPK) so that village selection in Watu Wona village is faster and more accurate. By using the SAW method comparison

With the development of an era that increasingly prioritizes technology, the curiosity of a human mind expects technology that can help human work, so it is undeniable that human work can be replaced by technology. This thesis proposal will design a device that can automatically water plants in pots. In plant maintenance, not many people can care for the garden healthily and properly, especially when watering the plants. By making this automatic plant design, it will provide assistance and convenience for ornamental plant lovers. This device aims to facilitate human work that was originally done manually, to be done automatically. By using Arduino Uno as its microcontroller, Soil Moisture Sensor to assess the level of moisture in the soil, as well as motors and Infra Red Sensors to determine the location of the pot that needs water
 
 

Tea plantations are an important sector in Indonesia's agricultural industry that contributes significantly to the country's economy. The success of tea cultivation is highly dependent on the quality of the seedlings, making data collection and management of tea seedlings a crucial element. However, the manual data collection process still used at PTPN4 faces various challenges such as recording errors, data loss, and information delays, which will have an impact on operational efficiency and decision making. This study analyzes the application of a web-based information system for data collection of tea seedlings in PTPN4 plantations, with a focus on the provision or stocking of seedlings. The results show that a web-based system using the waterfall method can improve the efficiency, accuracy, and transparency of data management, while facilitating integration between units in the organization.
Abstrak. Perkebunan teh merupakan sektor penting dalam industri pertanian di indonesia yang memberikan kontribusi signifikan terhadap ekonomi dalam negara. Keberhasilan budidaya tanaman teh sangat bergantung pada kualitas bibit, sehingga pendataan dan pengelolaan bibit teh menjadi elemen krusial. Namun, proses pendataan manual yang masih digunakan di PTPN4 menghadapi berbagai tantangan seperti kesalahan pencatatan, kehilangan data, dan keterlambatan informasi, yang nantinya akan berdampak pada efisiensi operasional dan pengambilan keputusan. Penelitian ini menganalisis penerapan sistem informasi berbasis web untuk pendataan bibit teh di perkebunan PTPN4, dengan fokus pada penyediaan atau stok terhadap bibit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem berbasis web dengan menggunakan metode waterfall dapat meningkatkan efisiensi, akurasi, serta transparansi pengelolaan data, sekaligus memfasilitasi integrasi antar unit dalam organisasi.

The development of digital technology has transformed how companies present themselves online, with company profile and portfolio websites becoming crucial tools in building image and credibility in the digital market. This research aims to identify business opportunities in the website development industry, particularly for small and medium enterprises (SMEs), using NestLink as a case study. Utilizing the Business Model Canvas (BMC) method, the research analyzes the business model components of NestLink in providing website development services.The research results show that NestLink offers customized website solutions, including company profile website creation, ready-to-use templates, and portfolio websites. Distribution channels include social media, official websites, and digital advertising. The main strategy focuses on responsive design, good user experience, and flexible templates. The primary revenue comes from website development services and template sales.
 
 

This study aims to measure the level of participant satisfaction with learning services at LKP Multi Talenta Komputer Purwokerto. Participant satisfaction is an important indicator in assessing the effectiveness of the learning curriculum implemented. Factors such as facilities, services, and obstacles in learning become the main benchmark. Data from 54 respondents were processed using K-Means Clustering algorithm to identify the most superior and weak factors. The results of this study provide recommendations for future service improvements, in order to increase participant loyalty and learning effectiveness.

Estimating the effort, time, and cost needed to build a software project is an important task in software engineering. Estimating software prior to development can help to reduce risk and improve the project success rate. Researchers have developed numerous traditional and machine learning models to estimate software effort, but it has always been difficult to estimate effort precisely. This paper presents a predictive model based on artificial neural networks namely ANNs to predict the software effort. The NASA dataset is applied to construct the proposed model. The system was trained using 50 data points, and the remaining 10 were used for testing. It was concluded that the ANN approach could estimate the software effort with high accuracy. A comparative study with other published equations was also performed, and it was found that ANN had less error and produced better results than other existing methods.

This study aims to use the fishbone diagram as a tool to identify the causes of damage to the feeder mechanism of scrap machines and to develop Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) that can improve performance and reduce the level of damage. This diagram is used to evaluate various elements that contribute to the damage of the feeder mechanism, such as human, machine, material, method, and environmental factors. Through this evaluation, the main causes of the damage can be identified, and appropriate corrective actions can be formulated. In addition, this research also aims to design SOPs that ensure more efficient operation of the scrap machine and reduce the likelihood of operational errors. The implementation of mechanism improvements and SOPs is expected to enhance the reliability of the scrap machine, reduce downtime, and increase productivity in the mechanical technology laboratory. The findings of this study are expected to make a significant contribution to the development of management systems and equipment maintenance in both industrial and educational sectors.
 

This report is titled "Development of an Application System to Improve the Efficiency of Food Distribution in Nutritious Healthy Community Groups." This research aims to design and implement a technology-based application system that manages the food distribution process for healthy and nutritious community groups, especially for the elderly. The Healthy and Nutritious Community Group is an organization that is committed to providing and distributing nutritious food to the community. One of the main challenges faced by this organization is the lack of efficiency in the distribution process which is still carried out conventionally. This conventional practice often leads to delays in delivery as well as inaccuracies in the distribution of groceries. Data was collected through direct observation and in-depth interviews with the organization's managers as well as the couriers involved in the distribution process.

File systems are key operating system components because they store and retrieve files as needed. Traditional hierarchical file systems no longer suit current users’ expectations in organizing extensive collections of files for easy retrieval based on intrinsic and user-defined properties. The number of files in users’ collections is growing substantially, partly because of the ease with which consumer devices capture information. With the enormous capacity of contemporary storage devices and the rising trend of users storing their data in the cloud, they only fuel the number of files needing to be managed. We suggest that current file systems require an enhanced technique of data organization and access so that users can properly handle these ever-increasing data collections. File systems are key operating system components because they store and retrieve files as needed. This study offers improvements to the conventional Hierarchical File System to improve file organization and retrieval through built-in querying capabilities and support filesystem-level operations that execute significant amounts of metadata updates. This is accomplished using attributes (name-value pairs) in a file collection hierarchy. A series of improvements to the HFS introduce the “AttFS” file system. These improvements include using attributes rather than names, logical collections rather than directories, and introducing a query language to the API. We assess the expressive capacity of the resulting model, demonstrate that it solves the relevant shortcomings of traditional file systems in this space, and compare our new approach to those provided by others and our earlier work. We conclude that attributes are better suited than tags to overcome traditional HFS shortcomings.

This study examines how technology is used in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classrooms in public and vocational high schools in Indonesia, focusing on teachers' practices and the challenges they face. Using a quantitative approach with a sample of 30 EFL teachers, the findings show that both groups are comfortable and skilled in using technology. However, vocational schoolteachers report significantly higher levels of technology integration and access compared to public school teachers. Key factors affecting technology integration include access to technology, technical skills, and effective integration practices. The results highlight the need for targeted professional development and resource allocation to promote fair technology integration in education. Ultimately, this improvement aims to enhance EFL instruction and better prepare students for a competitive global environment.

The global food crisis has become one of the most pressing issues requiring serious attention, especially as the world's population continues to grow. This growth has led to an increasing demand for food, while agricultural resources such as fertile land, water, and labor become increasingly limited. These conditions present significant challenges for farmers, including droughts that damage crops, floods that devastate agricultural lands, and pest attacks that significantly reduce yields. Furthermore, global climate change exacerbates the situation, directly impacting the stability of food production. Unpredictable weather patterns threaten harvest success, increase the risk of crop failure, and decrease agricultural productivity. Therefore, innovative solutions, such as utilizing Internet of Things (IoT)-based technologies, are urgently needed to support the sustainability of the agricultural sector by enhancing efficiency, effectiveness, and global food security. This study aims to contribute to addressing these challenges through a modern technological approach

This research examines the potential of Epoxy-HGM-Carbon Fibre and Epoxy HGM Sical Woven Fibre composites as alternative materials for bulletproof vests. These two materials were chosen because they have similar ballistic protection capabilities to kevlar but with lighter weight and more economical cost. Using the finite element method, this study simulates the resistance of each composite to the penetration and impact energy of projectiles in accordance with the NIJ 0101.06 standard to protect users from ballistic threats. The simulation results show that the Epoxy-HGM-S Sisal Woven Fibre specimen at an optimum thickness of 30 mm as well as Epoxy-HGM-Carbon Fibre at a thickness of 18 to 30 mm are able to meet the penetration, Back Face Signature (BFS), and residual kinetic energy criteria that comply with the safe limits for users. This research makes an important contribution to the identification of alternative materials that not only improve user comfort and mobility, but also maintain ballistic protection effectiveness for military and security applications, especially for personnel who need protection against ballistic projectiles.

This research discusses the utilization of electromagnetic fields in navigation devices, which play a crucial role in daily life. With technological advancements, navigation systems such as GPS, radar, and compasses have become essential tools for determining position and direction. This study employs a literature review method, which involves a series of activities related to collecting library data, reading, recording, and processing relevant information for the research objective. The aim is to analyze various sources of information regarding the use of electromagnetic fields in these devices. The findings indicate that electromagnetic fields enable navigation devices to function effectively, despite challenges such as signal interference and weather conditions that may reduce accuracy. This research aims to explore how electromagnetic fields, which combine electric and magnetic fields, are utilized in modern navigation systems. The method used is a literature review, where the researchers collect and analyze information from various reliable sources to understand the effectiveness and challenges in the application of electromagnetic fields in these devices. The results show that electromagnetic fields allow navigation devices to operate effectively, providing accurate location information

Guna mendukung proses pembelajaran sistem otomasi di sebuah lembaga pendidikan dibutuhkan sebuah alat peraga yang mudah dipelajari dan dimengerti oleh mahasiswa. Tujuan pembuatan alat peraga ini agar peserta didik mengetahui dan dapat mengimplementasikan proses kerja sistem otomasi di industri menggunakan media yang disimulasikan dalam bentuk alat peraga. Alat peraga yang digunakan adalah integrasi PLC-HMI pada aplikasi pengisian tangki air. Alat peraga dirangkai dengan  menggunakan PLC dan HMI merk Omron dengan software CX-Programmer dan NB-Designer. Rangkaian wiring alat peraga PLC-HMI disusun secara teratur dan sistematis agar mudah dibongkar pasang dan disesuaikan dengan diagram wiring oleh peserta didik. Program ladder pada software CX-Programmer didesain dengan menerapkan logika dasar, instruksi dan beberapa fungsi program yang sesuai dengan level kompetensi dasar pembelajaran PLC. Desain tampilan dan fungsi HMI dirancang menggunakan software NB-Designer yang diintegrasikan dengan program ladder, serta disesuaikan penggunaan alamat I/O nya. Wiring alat peraga berfungsi secara normal sehingga seluruh perangkat dapat terkoneksi dengan baik. Program ladder yang telah dirancang dapat berfungsi optimal dan tidak didapati error pada hasil kompilasi. Desain HMI dapat berfungsi secara efektif untuk monitoring proses maupun saat berfungsi sebagai programmable terminal. Secara keseluruhan hasil rancang bangun alat peraga simulasi sistem pengisian tangki air telah diuji coba dan berfungsi sesuai rancangan yang telah ditetapkan.

The utilization of electromagnetic fields (EMF) in modern medical technology has become a significant focus of research. This study aims to explore the therapeutic effects of EMF, especially at low frequencies (ELF) and Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields (PEMF), in enhancing the healing of various medical conditions. The method used is a literature study by analyzing various sources from Google Scholar, Science Direct, and PubMed. The results showed that EMF therapy is effective in relieving pain, accelerating tissue healing, and improving the quality of life of patients with musculoskeletal disorders and fractures. Despite the many benefits, it is important to consider the potential health risks of long-term exposure to EMF. This study recommends the development of strict regulations and training for medical personnel to ensure the safe and effective use of EMF.

As with the engine ignition system, the spark produced by the manufacturer's standard CDI is limited or known as a CDI limiter, in contrast to non-limiter CDI which has no limits or has a higher spark limit on the engine so that it can produce engine performance up to a higher RPM. higher and produces maximum engine performance. Weaknesses in the factory standard CDI can be overcome by replacing it with a racing CDI. Racing CDI has the same quality or even better than standard CDI. Racing CDIs are made by local manufacturers and from abroad and are now easily available in spare parts stores or motorbike repair shops throughout Indonesia.

Community Health Centers (Puskesmas) are the main place for the public to get basic health services. In certain conditions, the Health Center will receive visits from patients who arrive with the same number of origins at the same time. This has an impact on health services experiencing a decline and not maximizing the health of health workers in checking patients' health. So, comprehensive services are not obtained, and there are even patients who queue for too long. In order to minimize this occurrence, simulations are carried out to predict the number of possible visits that will occur in the future. The method used in this study is Monte Carlo. This research is intended so that the information provided by the Health Center related to the prediction of the number of patient visits that are likely to occur in the next year or in the future can be done validly and accurately. The data used is data on the number of patient visits in 2021, 2022, and 2023. As a result of this study, a prediction of the number of patient visits was obtained so that the Health Center could implement the next action that was useful for improving the quality of services needed
 
 

Village development includes village funding, and the community takes the lead in developing and initiatives that advance village welfare are developed through cooperation with the community. Village development is an important instrument that must be used because it directly improves the welfare of the village community. Village communities are the focus of development, and each village is given the authority by the government to carry out its own development according to its capacity. Thus, the government supports the improvement of village development and empowerment. Village funds are used to provide or improve village public services, reduce poverty, advance the village economy, and reduce tandem between villages. This study uses a weighted summation approach of alternative rankings on all attributes, which is often known as the Simple Additive Weighting method. To determine which residents receive social assistance, the system can calculate the value of the multi-criterion preference index, preference value, outflow, inflow, and net flow for each alternative and sub-criterion.
 

In the plastic molding industry, there is a compression molding process to make shoulder tubes for cosmetic products. This research was to determine the effect of dosage duration and press station down parameters on unmolded defects in shoulder extrusion tube products. This research method uses quantitative with an experimental approach. This method is carried out by varying parameter setting dosage duration of 0.25s, 0.30s, 0.35s and press station down of 4 bar, 5 bar, 6 bar. The result od the study found that the parameters of dosage duration, press station down and the interaction of the two variables have a significant effect on unmolded defects. The higher the dosage duration and press station down, the unmolded defects decrease as indicated by the average product weight meeting the standard. The lower two parameters, the more unmolded defects occur, indicating that the average product weight not meet the standard weight tolerance of good products.

Pemanfaatan spektrum gelombang radio telah meningkat pesat dalam beberapa dekade terakhir, namun tidak sejalan dengan ketersediaan frekuensi yang tersedia untuk pengguna. Fenomena ini diperparah oleh banyaknya pita frekuensi yang tidak digunakan oleh pemiliknya, yang menciptakan spectrum holes atau white spaces. Dalam konteks ini, teknologi Cognitive radio (CR) menjadi penting karena memungkinkan pengguna sekunder (secondary user) untuk mengakses dan menggunakan spectrum holes tanpa mengganggu pengguna primer (primary user). CR memungkinkan adaptabilitas perangkat radio dengan memanfaatkan cognitive cycle, dengan tahap utamanya adalah Spectrum sensing, di mana perangkat CR mencari spectrum holes dalam spektrum radio yang tersedia. Tahap berikutnya, Spectrum analysis dan Spectrum Decision, memungkinkan CR untuk mengoptimalkan penggunaan spektrum sesuai dengan kondisi yang ditemui. Paper ini bertujuan untuk melakukan tinjauan singkat terhadap implementasi CR, khususnya pada aspek spectrum sensing. Kami mengevaluasi berbagai teknik spectrum sensing, mengidentifikasi kelebihan, kekurangan, serta tantangan yang dihadapi. Dengan teknologi CR, pemborosan sumber daya spektrum dapat diminimalkan dan efisiensi komunikasi nirkabel dapat ditingkatkan. Paper ini memberikan pemahaman mendalam tentang pengembangan terbaru dalam spectrum sensing pada jaringan radio kognitif, serta memberikan panduan bagi penelitian dan implementasi di masa depan.

Oversize berguna untuk meningkatkan performa kinerja mesin pada motor.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbandingan nilai uji kompresi, torsi, dan  performa  mesin sepeda motor Vario dan Beat dengan perpindahan antara 110 cm3 dan 115 cm3. Oleh karena itu, digunakan metode oversizing dengan mengganti piston mesin sepeda motor Beat dan Vario untuk membandingkan nilai uji kompresi, torsi, dan tenaga. Nilai kompresi yang dihasilkan mesin sepeda motor Beat dan Vario 110 cm 3 sebelum oversize menjadi 115 cm 3 adalah 9,2: 1.  Hasil  nilai kompresi  mesin sepeda motor Beat dan Vario 110 cm 3 dan Beat 110 cm 3 setelah oversizing menjadi 115 cm 3 12.  06 : 1. Dicapai pada mesin sepeda motor tipe Beat sebelum oversizing menjadi 115 cm 3 Nilai torsi sebesar 16,37 Nm , yang turun menjadi 14,65 Nm setelah oversize. Nilai torsi yang dicapai mesin sepeda motor Vario sebelum ditingkatkan menjadi 115 cm3 adalah 15,28 Nm, sedangkan setelah ditingkatkan hasilnya meningkat menjadi 16,78 Nm. Hasil nilai performa  mesin sepeda motor Vario sebelum oversizing menjadi 115 cc menunjukkan nilai horsepower sebesar 6,9 hp pada 4547 rpm, meningkat menjadi 7,1 hp pada 4575 rpm setelah oversizing. Nilai performa  mesin sepeda motor tipe Beat sebelum oversizing menjadi 115cm3 menunjukkan nilai horsepower sebesar 7,2 hp pada 3686 rpm, meningkat menjadi 7,6 hp pada 5852 rpm setelah oversizing.