The rapid pace of urbanization has intensified competition among businesses, prompting the adoption of innovative strategies to enhance sales performance and customer engagement. PT Inspirasi Bisnis Nusantara, under the HAUS! brand, introduced “Huling,” a hyperlocal distribution service utilizing electric bikes (e-bikes) equipped with integrated storage boxes to improve delivery efficiency and environmental sustainability. This study aims to evaluate customer acceptance of the Huling service by applying the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The model incorporates five core variables: Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU), Perceived Usefulness (PU), Attitude Towards Usage (ATU), Behavioral Intention (BI), and Actual Usage (AU). A quantitative research approach was employed, collecting data from 258 respondents through structured questionnaires. The data were analyzed using the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method to assess the relationships among the TAM variables. The findings reveal that PEOU has a significant positive effect on both PU and ATU, indicating that ease of use not only improves perceptions of usefulness but also fosters favorable attitudes toward adoption. PU significantly influences ATU and BI, suggesting that perceived benefits drive both positive attitudes and intentions to use the service. Furthermore, BI has a direct and significant effect on AU, confirming that stronger behavioral intentions translate into actual utilization. The analysis highlights the strongest impact along the pathway PEOU ? ATU ? BI ? AU, underscoring the critical role of user-friendly design and positive attitudes in driving customer adoption. This research contributes to the literature by demonstrating the applicability of TAM in the hyperlocal distribution sector, offering practical implications for service providers seeking to enhance user acceptance through improved usability and perceived value. The findings suggest that optimizing ease of use and communicating tangible benefits can significantly increase customer engagement and sustained usage of innovative delivery services.

The Cargo oil pump is one of the auxiliary units on board a ship, used to transfer cargo from one location to another during loading and unloading operations. On the MT?Pangrango vessel, an issue occurred with the cargo oil pump: its performance declined, resulting in slow suction during the unloading process. This problem hindered efficient cargo operations, as the pump was not functioning properly.This study aims to identify the contributing factors, impacts, and countermeasures for the decreased performance of the cargo oil pump. The research methodology applied in this thesis involved a descriptive approach combined with Miles and Huberman’s analytical method, with data validity tested via triangulation. Data collection techniques used to identify the problem included observation, interviews, documentation, and literature review.The results revealed that the pump’s shaft was worn due to excessive friction, and the ball bearing s exhibited wear and disintegration caused by lack of lubrication (grease). The recommended corrective actions were to add material to the shaft , perform realignment to correct any shaft misalignment, and implement routine maintenance—specifically, monthly grease lubrication. These measures, when properly applied, can significantly reduce the risk of Cargo oil pump damage.

This study aims to analyze the strategy of utilizing vacant spaces within airports to enhance non-aeronautical revenue through collaboration with Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). Given the growing importance of non-aeronautical revenue sources in the aviation industry, this research focuses on how airports can optimize underutilized spaces for commercial purposes. The research method applied is library research, where relevant literature, journals, and previous studies are reviewed to gain insights into successful strategies and best practices. The findings of the study indicate that the development of commercial spaces, such as fast-food tenants, retail outlets, and photo booths, can significantly enhance the passenger experience by providing convenient services and entertainment. Additionally, these developments offer a sustainable alternative revenue stream for airports, diversifying income beyond traditional aeronautical activities. The research also explores the role of the Value Proposition Canvas business model to assess the alignment between the value offered by these services and the needs of passengers. By applying this model, the study emphasizes the importance of understanding customer expectations and ensuring that airport services meet these demands. The analysis further highlights that successful implementation of these strategies requires careful planning, including collaboration between airport management, MSMEs, local governments, and sponsors. Building strong partnerships and ensuring mutual benefit are critical for maximizing the non-aeronautical revenue potential. The study concludes by suggesting that airports can leverage vacant spaces more effectively to not only boost revenue but also improve the overall passenger experience, contributing to the long-term sustainability and growth of the airport sector.

Rapid development has caused changes in land use patterns, where built space increasingly dominates and pressures natural spaces to change function (Pribadi et al., 2006) explaining that changes in land use patterns result in fluctuations in the carrying capacity of land resources, giving rise to land disasters. landslide (landslide). Buol et al. (1980) and Darmawijaya (1990) explained that landslides are essentially caused by the inability of the soil to support the load above it because the soil has experienced degradation of its soil properties. The method used in this research uses a weighted scoring method. The results of the analysis of 5 parameters of potential landslide-prone areas in Tanah Datar Regency obtained 3 classifications of levels of vulnerability, namely high-level landslide-prone areas covering an area of ??2032.6955 ha, moderate-level landslide-prone areas covering an area of ??16174.395 ha and low-level landslide-prone areas covering an area of ??6284 ha. ,6345 ha. The most extensive area prone to landslides with a high level is in North Lintau Buo District. The area prone to moderate landslides is most extensive in North Lintau Buo District. The most extensive low-level landslide-prone areas are in Sepuluh Koto District.

This applied scientific work is entitled "Design of Automatic Smart Berthing System Based on Arduino". Ships are a comfortable alternative transportation. Currently, ship development is needed so that they can operate properly. During the docking process, ship accidents often occur in ports both nationally and internationally. Therefore, a better development or safety is needed that can be given to ships during the docking process. This tool uses the Arduino Nano microcontroller as the main control and an ultrasonic sensor as a distance counter to prevent accidents. This applied scientific work aims to realize and facilitate work on the ship by abandoning manual methods. Berthing is the location of the ship's mooring or security, the area around the ship where the anchor is thrown, the ship's residence, employing the ship's crew and positioning the ship in the desired place. This scientific paper uses experimental research as its research method. The use of experimental research methods in educational research will be faced with problems concerning research subjects. Experimental research is also research that is carried out intentionally by researchers by providing certain treatments to research subjects in order to create a tool or design that is expected by the researcher.

The purpose of this research is to determine strategies for addressing the delays in the arrival and departure times of KM Umsini and KM Dobonsolo owned by PT. Pelni (Persero) at the Port of Makassar based on SWOT analysis recommendations. The data processed includes qualitative data on estimated arrival times compared to the actual arrival times of the vessels, as well as estimated departure times compared to the actual departure times. The results show that the average delay in the arrival of KM Dobonsolo is 1 hour and 18 minutes, while the average delay in departure is 2 hours and 5 minutes. The average delay in the arrival of KM Umsini is 3 hours and 8 minutes, and the average delay in departure is 3 hours and 12 minutes. The strategies implemented to improve the factors affecting the punctuality of the vessels' arrival and departure times include the Embarkation/Debarkation Service Process, the Loading/Unloading Process, the Freshwater Bunkering Process, the Fuel Bunkering Process, and the delays in the IT system facilitated by Inapornet in handling Clearance Documents.

Nowadays, groundwater in the world has been widely exploited along with the increasing population. One of the impacts of massive groundwater extraction is the decline in groundwater levels. This potential could occur at one of the airports in East Java which is one of the most crowded airports in Indonesia. The large number of passengers at the airport has increased groundwater extraction due to the increasing need for sanitation, airport facilities, and other operational needs. This study aims to determine the potential for groundwater level decline at one of the airports in East Java. The research method used is a quantitative method by projecting secondary data from the results of groundwater level sampling carried out every 6 months. The results of the study showed a decline in groundwater levels at one of the airports in East Java in the next 20 years due to the increase in passengers each year. The results of this study are expected to be one of the preventive steps for all of us to maintain the sustainability of groundwater resources.
 

The mining system applied by PT Bukit Baiduri Energi is an open pit mining system utilizing the open-pit method. The application of the open-pit method creates a depression that has a high potential to become a catchment area for both surface runoff and groundwater. In the mining pit of PT Bukit Baiduri Energi, there is a sump located at an elevation of -86 meters above sea level (mdpl). The planned mining boundary is at an elevation of -110 mdpl. Therefore, this research aims to determine the area of the catchment, runoff discharge values, sump capacity, and pump capacity, so that the volume of incoming water can be known, allowing for the control of the sump to prevent overflow that could disrupt mining activities.. Based on the data obtained and the calculations performed, the catchment area was found to be 103.42 ha. In the calculation of runoff discharge using the rational method, the total runoff discharge entering sump A9 was found to be 4,211.66 m3/day. The capacity of the sump was measured at 125,187.62 m3. In the pump capacity calculation, the pump capacity based on the pumping discharge was found to be 2,926.80 m3/day.

Based on Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources data, regarding the target achievement of mechanical equipment performance in mining companies, PT Bumi Nikel Nusantara has a level of achievement value of equipment performance less than the value set in the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Decree No.1827/2018. A mechanical equipment performance value can be achieved by examining ongoing mining activities on one mining front that includes loading and transportation activities. One of the efforts is to know the productive time, calculate the obstacle time and repair time of the equipment in case of damage. The results of the performance for the Use of Availability (UA) parameter of the EHJ Block Mawar pit loading equipment is 74% (not achieved), 71% Pit Mawar transport equipment, pit 3 loading excavation equipment 75% (achieved), and Pit 3 transport equipment 71% (not achieved). While the results of the study of the achievement of productivity of the loading and unloading equipment show the achievement with a value for loading equipment of 76,71% (not achieved) and transport equipment of 65,63% (not achieved). 

Disposal area is an area at an open pit mine that is used as a place to store or dispose of worthless materials. Disposal must also follow the specified safety factor standards, if the disposal design is not safe after being analyzed by a geotechnical engineer, the design must be redesigned to achieve the desired safety factor value. One way to increase the fk value is to make a Counterweight plan in making disposal. Where Counterweight is a fill material that is made with special treatment so that the soil bearing capacity increases which functions to withstand the load on it. Landslides on disposal slopes are one of the serious problems faced in mining activities, especially in areas with vulnerable geological and topographic conditions. PT Jembayan Muarabara, which operates in Marangkayu District, Kutai Kartanegara Regency, East Kalimantan Province, is no exception to this challenge. The A–A’ cross section shows a safety factor value of 1.118 in saturated conditions, which indicates that the slope is at a stable limit and needs to be improved through engineering such as adding counterweights. The B–B’ cross-section has a safety factor value of 2.332, which is included in the safe category and has met the provisions of the ESDM Ministerial Decree No. 1827 K/30/MEM/2018. The C-C’ cross-section has a safety factor value of 1.511, which is included in the safe category and has met the provisions of the ESDM Ministerial Decree No. 1827 K/30/MEM/2018.

Compressive strength is one of the mechanical properties of rock behavior. This study focuses on the Balikpapan and Kampungbaru Formations located in the Kutai Kartanegara area, East Kalimantan. The Schmidt Hammer testing method was applied due to the lack of previous studies utilizing this tool to evaluate rock hardness in correlation with compressive strength. The research site is situated in the Kutai Kartanegara area, specifically in the districts of Muara Badak, Muara Jawa, and Sanga-Sanga. Field observations revealed the presence of claystone slopes at predetermined locations. Based on the test results, the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) values for the Balikpapan Formation range from 3.453 MPa to 5.454 MPa, while the Kampungbaru Formation ranges from 3.317 MPa to 8.571 MPa. The Schmidt Hammer rebound number (RN) values for the Balikpapan Formation range from 17 to 19.6, and for the Kampungbaru Formation from 15 to 23.7. A negative correlation was found between the rebound number and UCS, where higher RN values tend to correspond with lower UCS values. This is supported by the linear regression analysis showing a negative coefficient (-0.450).
 

Durability is defined as a measure of a rock's resistance to weathering and disintegration when the rock undergoes weathering processes over a short period of time. The susceptibility of rocks to disintegration is related to their low durability. Rock durability is often measured using the slake durability test. The slake durability test is widely used to assess physical changes resulting from wetting-drying processes (Franklin and Chandra, 1972). Therefore, slake durability testing is conducted to understand the weathering of rocks caused by heat and water, particularly clay stones which are one of the constituent rocks on a slope. The sampling location is around Sanga-sanga and Muara Badak. Sampling was conducted with coordinate points and the Balikpapan and Kampungbaru formations. The claystone samples taken were then brought to the Mineral and Coal Technology Laboratory of the Engineering Faculty of Mulawarman University for Slake Durability tests. In this study, the lowest index value obtained was 45.7% and the highest value was 93%, indicating high to very high durability. The difference in the durability index values of claystone at the research locations indicates the presence of variables that can affect the slake durability index values of the claystone in the Balikpapan and Kampungbaru formations, including grain size and mineral content as well as geological conditions at the research site. Based on the results of the claystone durability tests, the durability index value (Id2) was obtained, indicating that the sandstone at the research location falls into the classification of high to low.

This study aims to evaluate the performance of the loading and unloading equipment in coal mining activities at the Mahakam Pit, PT Insani Bara Perkasa Site Km 11, East Kalimantan. The research was motivated by the importance of achieving mechanical equipment performance standards according to the Decree of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources No. 1827 of 2018. Data were obtained through direct observation and analysis of actual working time and evaluation of operational constraint factors. The results of the analysis showed that before the evaluation, the mechanical availability (MA) value was 87.24%, physical availability (PA) 88.51%, availability utilization (UA) 88.73%, and effective utilization (EU) 78.54%. After evaluating the constraint time, there was an increase in all parameters: MA to 88.71%, PA to 89%, UA increased to 90%, and EU reached 80%. This evaluation also had an impact on increasing the productivity of the loading and unloading equipment from 268.41 bcm/hour to 284.43 bcm/hour. Thus, the evaluation of work obstacles is proven to be effective in increasing the efficiency and productivity of the digging-loading equipment at the research location.

In the Kutai Basin area, seasonal changes such as high rainfall can significantly increase groundwater content, so that the effect of water content on the shear strength of claystone, increasing water content in rocks tends to decrease shear strength. Water in the pores or fractures can increase pore water pressure and reduce effective normal stress. Shear strength is one of the most important mechanical parameters used to assess soil and rock stability, this parameter is very important in slope stability analysis, foundation planning, and various civil engineering and mining applications. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine whether the water content in rocks can affect the strength of rocks in receiving shear forces. The method used in this study is more quantitative and specific to the effect of water content on the shear strength of claystone in this area. Increasing water content in rocks tends to reduce shear strength. This study was conducted by taking claystone samples from several locations in the Kutai Basin. Data collection in the form of primary data and secondary data for testing physical properties and testing mechanical properties, in testing physical properties, the water content value will be taken as supporting data which is one of the factors that affect rock strength, in testing mechanical properties, claystone shear strength data will be taken. From the results of the physical properties test calculations, the air content in each Formation is obtained, namely, in the Kampungbaru Formation the minimum air content value is 15.54% and the maximum is 20.17%, in the Balikpapan Formation the minimum air content value is 10.21% and the maximum is 12,88%, in the Palaubalang Formation the minimum air content value is 10.49% and the maximum is 22.87%. The results of the strength of the claystone in receiving shear forces in the Kutai Basin are the Muara Jawa location 0.486MPa, Tanah Datar location 0.500 MPa, Sanga-sanga location 0.333 MPa, Muara Badak location 0.269, Air Putih location 0.711MPa, Mugirejo location 0.021 MPa and Lempake location 0.092 MPa.

As an integral part of Tanjung Perak Port, Kalimas Terminal holds a strategically important position in supporting Indonesia’s national export and import activities. Its vital role makes it one of the key logistics hubs in the country. During its operations, the generation of hazardous and toxic (B3) waste is unavoidable, requiring swift and proper handling to prevent environmental degradation and protect public health. This study aims to assess the level of compliance in B3 waste management at Kalimas Terminal, Tanjung Perak. The research focuses on evaluating key aspects such as the identification, collection, storage, and transportation of B3 waste, along with the completeness of related documentation, in accordance with applicable environmental regulations. By examining the current waste management practices in place, this study also seeks to formulate strategic recommendations to enhance the effectiveness and sustainability of B3 waste handling in the future.

The port industry plays an important role in Indonesia's economic growth, but its operational activities pose a major risk to occupational safety and health (OHS). The aim is to analyze the management of occupational accident risk hazards at Tanjung Perak Port. And identify potential hazards in loading and unloading activities, use of heavy equipment, and worker safety. This study was conducted qualitatively, which showed that several risks were in the low category with 2 risks, medium with 25 risks, and high with 12 risks, so that these results require immediate control measures. The application of OHS management through the HIRARC method helps to systematically identify, assess, and control hazards. This study suggests increasing compliance with the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), optimizing work procedures, and regular safety training to significantly reduce occupational accidents.

The Jelekong landfill was a temporary landfill site following a landslide at the Leuwigajah landfill. TPA Jelekong was officially closed at the end of 2005 because it was no longer able to accommodate the increasing volume of waste. However, the impact of activities from the former landfill still has the potential to pollute the environment, especially groundwater sources. The research aimed to identify the physical and chemical parameters of water in the Jelekong ex-landfill case study area and the surrounding area, and to compare the physical and chemical parameters of water between the Jelekong ex-landfill and the landfill that is still operating (Sarimukti landfill). Data were obtained from 4 water sample points and tested using several test methods, namely Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), Ion Chromatography (IC), alkalinity, and stable water isotopes. The results showed that the physical characteristics of the Jelekong area generally have a neutral pH with one point having an alkaline pH (JL-02) due to interaction with andesite lithology and the highest DO concentration at point JL-02. While the Sarimukti landfill has a pH value of 7.89-8.27 indicating the result of high bicarbonate concentrations, the TDS value of 15700-18200 ppm indicates the large number of ions and solutes derived from organic and inorganic waste. Piper diagrams show two water facies in the Jelekong area, Ca-HCO3 and Na-HCO3. Sample JL-03 indicates a mixture with landfill leachate due to high Cl and SO4 concentrations. Sample JL-01 still indicates leachate because when compared to the sarimukti sample, the Cl and SO4 concentrations are still quite high indicating a result of both organic and inorganic waste. Stable isotope test results indicated that the water was derived from local precipitation.

Global climate change has caused changes in rainfall patterns in various regions, including North Jayapura District, Papua Province. This study aims to analyze changes in rainfall characteristics in the region over the past two decades (2004–2023) using GSMaP satellite data. The analysis was carried out on the average monthly rainfall, annual rainfall, decadal trends, hourly rainfall intensity frequency, and daily rainfall duration. The results showed a decrease in annual rainfall accumulation in the 2014–2023 decades compared to the previous decade (2004–2013), with a difference of around 5,000 mm. The seasonal rainfall pattern still shows concentration in January to March, but with a significant decrease in these wet months. In addition, there was an increase in the frequency of short-duration rain (<1 hour) and moderate to very heavy rain, although the frequency was still relatively small. The high variability of annual rainfall also indicates an increasingly large climate. These findings indicate that North Jayapura District faces the risk of increasing extreme rainfall events and decreasing water availability in the long term. Therefore, adaptation efforts are needed through improving early warning systems, conservation of air catchment areas, and integration of satellite data and field observations in air resource management planning.

The 2011 Tohoku tsunami stands as one of the most catastrophic natural disasters in Japan’s history, resulting in massive loss of life, extensive property damage, and severe disruption to infrastructure along the northeastern coast. This study aims to examine the physical characteristics of the Tohoku tsunami and critically evaluate the factors that led to the failure of Japan’s disaster mitigation systems. Utilizing an essay-based synthesis approach, this analysis draws from a range of previous research findings and post-disaster assessments. The tsunami was caused by a 9.0 magnitude megathrust earthquake off the eastern coast of Honshu, generating wave heights that exceeded 10 meters in several locations. The tsunami’s immense energy produced destructive currents that penetrated deep inland, surpassing the protection capabilities of existing coastal defenses.The study identifies several contributing factors to the mitigation system’s shortcomings: the design limitations of seawalls, which were not built to withstand such extreme events; delays and limitations in the early warning system’s ability to reach all at-risk populations in time; and inadequate public preparedness, as the event exceeded historical precedents and training scenarios. These vulnerabilities highlight the need for integrated, adaptive disaster risk management strategies.Drawing lessons from Japan’s experience, this study proposes recommendations for improving tsunami mitigation efforts in Indonesia. Key suggestions include reinforcing and redesigning coastal defense structures, advancing early warning technologies such as seabed sensors and coastal radar systems, and enhancing disaster literacy through public education and scenario-based training. By adopting a science- and technology-driven approach, Indonesia can strengthen its resilience and reduce vulnerability among coastal populations facing future tsunami threats.

Mining with an open pit system is carried out by excavating and removing the overburden to obtain coal. However, before mining, it is important to obtain geotechnical data information. As well as the lithology of the rocks below the surface, it is necessary to carry out geotechnical drilling (full coring). This study can determine the value of slope geometry safety factors and plan safe slope geometry, both individual slopes and overall slopes. Therefore, this was done to determine the influence of GSI geotechnical parameters on the value of static and dynamic slope safety factors. The method used in determining the safety factor and the probability of an avalanche is the Morgenstern-Price boundary equilibrium method with the Generalized Hoek-Brown collapse criterion in static and dynamic slope conditions. The input parameters used in the analysis were natural density, compressive strength value (UCS), geological srength index (GSI), disturbance factor (D), intact rock constant (mi), as well as seismic load factor, and groundwater level. The optimal geometry on the Highwall slope is the configuration of the Highwall slope with a height of 74 m and an angle of 23°, supported by a single slope of 5-10 meters, a berm of 7 meters with an angle of 40°. Seam D Claystone lithology with GSI 50, Siltstone with GSI 70, Sandstone with GSI 70, and Seam E Claystone lithology with GSI 50, Siltstone with GSI 40, Sandstone with GSI 75.Can be applied within a safe limit where FK Static 1.7 PK Static 0% and FK Dynamic 1.4 PK Dynamic 6%.

The study aims to analyze the occupational safety and environmental health risks due to aircraft painting at the Hangar of PT. XYZ. The study is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach. The results of the study are the analysis of occupational safety risks seen from occupational safety risks and risk control. Occupational safety risks in aircraft painting activities at PT. XYZ are divided into several parts, namely (1) Exposure to hazardous chemicals is included in the high category; (2) The risk of work accidents is included in the moderate category; (3) Equipment damage is included in the low category; and (4) Fire is included in the low category. Risk control can be carried out by (1) Increasing strict supervision of the aircraft painting process; (2) Conducting appropriate occupational safety training for workers; (3) Using PPE; (4) Using adequate safety equipment; and (5) Carrying out proper equipment maintenance. The analysis of environmental health risks is seen from environmental health risks, sources of risk and risk control. Environmental health risks are divided into several parts, namely (1) Air pollution is included in the moderate category; (2) Soil and water contamination is included in the moderate category; and (3) Environmental damage is included in the moderate category. Sources of environmental health risks are the use of hazardous chemicals and painting waste. Risk control can be done by carrying out strict supervision, using safe chemicals and proper waste management.

This study aims to design and build a hydraulic system capable of operating hatch opening and closing automatically and manually, with the application of Internet of Things (IoT) technology to monitor and control the system remotely. This system is designed to improve efficiency and ease of hatch operation on ships or other industrial applications, as well as prevent fires in cargo due to several factors such as unintentional negligence of the ship's crew and also weather factors with increasing temperatures. Where the automatic system uses a rain sensor to optimize time and energy, while manual control remains available as a backup option. This design involves the integration of hydraulic actuators, rain drop sensors, microcontrollers, and IoT communication modules that allow users to control and monitor the position of the hatch through a web-based application or mobile device. In compiling this scientific paper, researchers use experimental methods. This study shows the results that testing will be carried out directly by researchers, by testing the performance of the prototype of the automatic and manual hatch opening and closing hydraulic system design tool based on IoT by testing the effectiveness of the control system and sensor performance. In conclusion, this system successfully combines hydraulic and IoT technology to create an efficient, safe, and easy-to-use solution in practical applications.

Landslides or commonly called landslides are a disaster that often hits areas with tropical climates. The damage caused by landslides is most dominantly structural damage such as damaged road sections that are cut off. At the research location, there was a landslide that resulted in the obstruction of the road flow which was originally two lanes to one lane, it is feared that landslides will occur again, so one of the landslide prevention techniques is to use retaining walls. Based on this, this study is deemed necessary to determine the slope safety factor and to determine the safety of the slope after using retaining walls. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of slope safety without being given a load, the level of slope safety after being given a load of 25 Kpa and the level of slope safety after being given a load of 25 kpa and the addition of a retaining wall on the research slope using a Retaining Wall. In this study using the Finite Element Method in the calculation to find the level of safety of a slope, the researcher used the help of Plaxis 2D V20 Software, and the results of the calculation obtained a slope safety factor of 1.31, after being given a load of 25 kpa the slope safety factor was 1.14 and after being given a retaining wall the slope safety factor increased to 2.46.

Land cover change has a significant impact on the hydrology of watershed areas, including increasing flood risk. This study aims to analyze land cover changes in the Siborgonyi and Acai sub-watersheds between 2013 and 2022 and their impact on flood potential. The methods used include spatial analysis with GIS, flood modeling using HEC-RAS, and Curve Number (CN) calculations to identify changes in soil infiltration capacity. The results show that land cover changes have a substantial effect on the increase in flood risk. The reduction of forest areas and the expansion of built-up land indicate a large-scale conversion of natural vegetation into residential and infrastructure areas. CN values in 2022 increased across most areas, indicating reduced soil infiltration capacity and increased surface runoff. Flood modeling shows that both the extent and depth of inundation significantly increased in 2022, particularly in downstream areas with basin-like topography.

Automatic Identification System (AIS) is a communication technology that plays an important role in improving operational safety and efficiency in the shipping industry. AIS allows ships to exchange real-time data on identity, position, speed, and direction, which helps prevent collisions and facilitates maritime traffic management by port authorities. In addition, AIS functions in search and rescue operations by providing accurate information on the location of ships in trouble. In terms of security, AIS allows monitoring of suspicious ships, thus helping in preventing illegal activities in the waters. This study aims to design and develop a prototype AIS receiver based on LoRa, Arduino, and LCD HMI. The LoRa module was chosen because of its ability to transmit data over long distances with low power consumption, which is suitable for the maritime environment. Arduino is used as the main microcontroller to control the system, while the LCD HMI serves as the display interface for the received data. After the hardware and software design was completed, the system was tested through functional testing and performance measurements using a spectrum analyzer to evaluate the strength of the LoRa signal at various distances. The test results show that the AIS receiver is able to receive data well up to 15 meters on land and 13 meters at sea, with a delay of 100 milliseconds. System performance degrades at longer distances due to environmental interference and signal attenuation. These findings provide insight into the effective limits of LoRa communication in maritime applications and can be used as a reference for frequency testing and optimization of LoRa-based long-range communication systems.

Research aims to design and develop a boiler system for heating Marine Fuel Oil (MFO) 180 CST by integrating Internet of Things (IoT) technology to enhance efficiency and operational monitoring. The methods used include boiler system design, selection of types and materials according to international standards, and the implementation of an optimal combustion system. IoT sensors are strategically placed to monitor key parameters such as temperature, pressure, and fluid flow in real-time. The collected data is transmitted to a cloud platform, enabling remote monitoring and automated performance analysis through a web or mobile-based application.. The research results indicate that IoT integration in the boiler system improves fuel heating efficiency, optimizes energy consumption, and facilitates easier monitoring and process control. Testing includes pressure tests, combustion efficiency, steam capacity, and material durability, with real-time monitoring to support performance analysis and early problem detection. Operational data evaluation allows for design adjustments or system settings to further enhance energy efficiency. With this innovation, the boiler system can operate more optimally, support energy efficiency, and facilitate predictive maintenance for sustainable industrial operations. The implementation of IoT in this system is expected to improve safety, effectiveness, and automation in boiler management, making it a more reliable and modern solution.

One of the negative impacts of the mining process is acid mine drainage which is formed from the oxidation of minerals containing iron sulfur, such as pyrite (FeS2) and pyrothite (FeS) by oxidizers such as water and oxygen. To handle or control acid mine drainage, one way is to use activated carbon or often referred to as activated charcoal, which is a type of carbon that has a very large surface area. Charcoal is a porous solid that contains 85% to 95% carbon, produced from materials containing carbon by heating at high temperatures without oxygen (pyrolysis). Activated carbon made from palm shells is an adsorbent that can be used to treat coal mine acid water, so that the water meets standards for flowing into the environment. This study used concentration variants of 4 grams, 6 grams, 8 grams and contact times of 30 minutes, 60 minutes and 150 minutes. The results of this study show that the concentration of palm oil shell activated carbon adsorbent influences the reduction of iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) metal levels as well as the pH conditions in acid mine drainage water. The higher the concentration and the longer the contact time, the more heavy metals are adsorbed, the contact time is the highest. The optimal concentration in this study was 150 minutes and the optimal concentration was 8 grams with physical activation.

Dump truck tires are an important component in the operation of wheel-type units that require routine inspection because they directly affect the availability and performance of the transport equipment. In the OHT 777 type unit, six tires are used with a configuration of two tires in the front and four tires in the rear. This study aims to evaluate tire performance through the analysis of Key Performance Indicator (KPI) parameters, namely Ton Kilometer Per Hour (TKPH), Tread Utilization Rate (TUR), and tire life (lifetime), in order to assess the achievement of performance targets. The research method uses a quantitative approach with actual data collection in the field, including the preparation stages, primary and secondary data collection, data processing, and preparation of the final report. The data is processed to obtain the tire KPI value. The results of the analysis show that the TUR value for MICHELIN brand tires is 68.9% and BRIDGESTONE is 70.7%, still below the company's target of 85%. The TKPH value for the OHT 773 unit is 149 (with a TKPH rating of 207) and the 777 unit is 241 (with a TKPH rating of 514). The actual lifetime of BRIDGESTONE tires was recorded at 1,698.6 hm and MICHELIN at 2,268 hm, far below the target of 8,500 hm. Tire damage found included impact (23%), sidewall damage (18%), run flat (18%), bread damage (18%), sounder cut (14%), and foreign object puncture (9%). This evaluation is expected to be the basis for improving tire management, so that tire performance in the future can be more optimal and support the smooth operation of the unit.
 

Management and characteristics of B3 waste at PT Ketenagalistrikan based on the potential hazards produced have been carried out by grouping and storing B3 waste based on physical, chemical and based on potential hazards with the aim of security and safety in the Temporary Storage Warehouse for B3 Waste. PT. Ketenagalistrikan has implemented a comprehensive Hazardous and Toxic Materials (B3) waste management system based on Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021 and Regulation of the Minister of Environment and Forestry No. 6 of 2021. Power plant operational activities produce various types of B3 waste such as used oil, used batteries, and other contaminated materials. B3 waste management is carried out through the stages of identification, sorting, containerization, labeling, temporary storage at licensed B3 TPS, as well as transportation and processing by licensed third parties. A quarterly recording and reporting system to environmental agencies is also carried out routinely. This program has succeeded in reducing the risk of environmental pollution and increasing the company's compliance with applicable B3 waste management regulations. Occupational Safety and Health (K3) at PT. Electricity, especially in the handling and storage of Hazardous and Toxic Materials (B3) waste, also plays an important role in avoiding unwanted things. B3 waste generated from PT. Ketenagalistrikan office operations such as used lubricants, batteries, used TL lamps, printer cartridges, and other electronic equipment require special handling in accordance with Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021. Compliance with K3 standards in the storage of B3 waste is an effort to minimize the risk of environmental pollution and potential health problems for workers. The implementation of K3 in the storage of B3 waste in PT. Ketenagalistrikan offices not only fulfills regulatory obligations but also supports the company's commitment to environmental sustainability in accordance with ISO 14001:2015, as well as ensuring the safety and health of its workers.

Open-pit mining system mining is greatly influenced by surface runoff, rainwater and groundwater. This surface water runoff is highly dependent on rainfall catchment areas, climate, and land use. Handling surface water runoff entering the mining area by creating water channels in the form of open channels and closed channels. One of the mining methods that is generally carried out in Indonesia is the open-pit mining method, which is widely found in East Kalimantan. Large basins will be created as a result of this mining technique, which could eventually serve as a reservoir for water from both surface runoff and groundwater. Therefore, an analysis of the runoff water output in the sump is required, sump capacity and appropriate pumping ratio so that mining activities can continue. The results of the study obtained the runoff discharge value in the sump was 4,071.37 m3/day, the sump capacity was 207,474.07 m3, the water balance in the sump with a total runoff discharge of 5,871.37 m3/day, and the existing volume of water in the sump was 24,771 m3. evaporation of 4.36 m3/day, infiltration of 91.36 m3/day, and pump discharge of 8,229.27 m3/day. A pumping ratio of 0.71 was obtained.

Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV) is an unmanned vehicle that is currently being developed in Indonesian waters for the purposes of depth surveys in waters that combine autonomous navigation frames, environmental sensors, multibeam echosounders to collect topography, temperature, and other data that are utilized for the world of shipping. Researchers tested an unmanned ship tool that can move automatically and can determine the direction to a predetermined location. Output. The test results show that the unmanned ship can walk to the planned route. This unmanned ship is equipped with a Micro Air M10G GPS sensor, LoRa Sensor, Arduino Mega 2560 Pro Sensor... In testing as many as 15x experiments were carried out including 10x experiments carried out to turn right and 5x experiments with turning left. The experiments carried out were very effective and according to what had been planned, but there were 4x experiments that had differences from 11x experiments due to water waves and winds that were too large so that the ship was unstable.

Particularly in tropical nations like Indonesia and Malaysia, oil palm plantations have grown to be a significant economic sector worldwide. Although these plantations offer substantial economic advantages, there are a number of environmental effects associated with their growth that must be taken into account. The ecological effects of oil palm plantations, such as deforestation, biodiversity loss, greenhouse gas emissions, and air and land pollution, are covered in this article. It also covers mitigation techniques, such the use of sustainable farming methods, ecosystem poisoning, and ecosystem restoration, to strike a balance between financial gains and environmental extinction. Without compromising its financial gains, the palm oil sector may grow in a more ecologically responsible way with the correct strategy.

This study aims to analyze the factors that cause the decline in intercooler performance on the main engine of KM Bintan Utama, its impact on engine performance, and the corrective measures that need to be taken. Based on the analysis, three main factors contribute to the decrease in intercooler performance: dirty air fins in the intercooler, lack of routine maintenance, and blockage in the seawater pipe filter. This decline in intercooler performance significantly affects the main engine, such as increased engine temperature, which can lead to damage to critical components. To address this issue, several actions need to be taken, including cleaning the intercooler air fins regularly and ensuring maintenance is carried out according to the recommended manual. Proper maintenance implementation will help maintain the performance of the main engine and extend the life of the intercooler and other components.

Work safety is an important aspect in the construction industry, especially in girder erection work that involves high risks due to the installation of large beams and the use of heavy equipment. This study aims to assess the implementation of work safety on the Solo-Yogyakarta-YIA Toll Road construction project by referring to safety standards from the Ministry of Public Works and related regulations. The research data consisted of 28 project photos covering girder erection preparation work, girder erection, and girder bracing. The assessment was conducted by three certified construction OHS experts using a checklist of work safety standards. The results of the Bayes Theorem analysis showed that all girder erection preparation work (7 photos) and girder erection (15 photos) were performed safely with a value of P(H|Ecomb) = 1. On girder bracing work, five out of six photos were rated as safe, while one photo showed unsafe work. This finding indicates that although most of the work has met safety standards, there are still aspects that require improvement. This study recommends a thorough implementation of safety attributes, especially on aspects that have not met the standards, to minimize the risk of occupational accidents on girder erection work in construction projects. This step is important to ensure worker safety and support the creation of a safer work environment.

Car washes have become increasingly popular in some areas, but this growth has also had a negative impact on environmental quality, as untreated wash water is often discharged directly into car wash drainage systems without any prior treatment. This discharge of unfiltered wastewater can lead to high levels of COD (chemical oxygen demand) and surfactants in nearby water sources if carried out intensively. Much of the wastewater is often classified as waste. It is discharged by car wash operators into the drainage system and eventually into smaller waterways. In 2014, the Minister of the Environment highlighted the importance of managing cleaning waste due to its harmful effects on the environment and health. Based on the Pekanbaru Municipality's Regional Regulation No. 8 of 2003 on the payment of liquid waste treatment control permit, which stipulates that every industry must carry out waste treatment before discharging into the environment and each industry must also  pay a fee, this study will allow the design of absorption wells, which will be used to treat liquid waste from car washes, so that the wastewater absorbed into the ground is no longer a contaminated liquid waste. By treating the waste by the method of infiltration pits, it is hoped that the environment and the health of the residents around the laundry will be well preserved.

Indonesia, as an archipelagic country with over 17,000 islands, faces significant challenges in providing electricity access, particularly to small and remote islands. One promising solution is Solar Power Plants (PLTS), both land-based and floating solar plants that utilize water surfaces, suitable for areas with limited land availability. This study evaluates the economic feasibility of floating solar plants and land-based solar plants using the Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCoE) approach. LCoE encompasses all costs of construction, operation, maintenance, and energy production over the plant's lifespan, serving as a key benchmark in selecting power generation technologies. The findings show that the LCoE for floating solar plants is Rp11,197.00/kWh, lower than land-based solar plants at Rp11,769.00/kWh, although both exceed the electricity purchase price in Kodingareng, South Sulawesi, at Rp2,460.00/kWh. This difference is influenced by higher construction costs for floating solar plants but offset by greater energy output and lower operation and maintenance costs. This research provides a basis for developing solar power systems in archipelagic regions, emphasizing efficiency and sustainable energy solutions.

Companies operating in the electricity accumulator industry sector, in the production process produce waste in the form of hazardous and toxic materials (B3). The management of B3 waste is carried out based on the provisions stated in the Regulation of the Minister of Environment and Forestry Number 6 of 2021 concerning Procedures and Requirements for Hazardous and Toxic Waste Management. Therefore, the waste generated requires special handling to prevent environmental pollution. Therefore, the waste generated requires special handling so as not to pollute the environment. Hazardous waste management in the electricity accumulator industry includes various stages, both for waste in the solid and liquid phases, namely identification, inventory, packaging, labeling and symbolization, storage, and transportation carried out by third parties. This research aims to assess the current condition of hazardous waste management in the electricity accumulator industry, evaluate it, and provide recommendations that are in line with applicable regulations. The research method used is a descriptive approach. In the inventory process, the electricity accumulator industry requires Temporary Storage Sites (TPS) to store B3 waste before transportation by third parties.

Cost Recovery is a vital element in production sharing contracts (PSCs) within the oil and gas sector, allowing contractors to recover costs incurred during exploration and production through revenues generated from oil and gas production. This mechanism has a direct impact on the sustainability of operations and the management of natural resources, which in turn plays a critical role in supporting the national economy.This study aims to analyze the role and contribution of the cost recovery scheme in enhancing Indonesia's economic development, focusing on optimizing state revenue, increasing both foreign and domestic investment, and promoting the development of sustainable energy infrastructure. The method used in this study is a literature review, which includes data from journals and published articles.The main findings of the study show that the cost recovery scheme not only functions as an instrument to ensure the sustainability of upstream oil and gas operations but also has a significant impact on other economic aspects. In the context of national economic development, this scheme contributes to increasing state revenue through taxes and royalties, creating jobs, and supporting local economic development in oil and gas-producing regions. Moreover, cost recovery opens up opportunities for technology transfer and enhances human resource capacity in the energy sector.

Environmental licensing in the housing sector plays an important role in ensuring that housing development is carried out in compliance with applicable environmental regulations. With the rapid development of the housing sector, it is important to ensure that licensing is carried out with sustainability principles that take into account the impact on the environment. This article examines the role of environmental licensing in the housing sector, the challenges faced in its implementation, and the importance of a sustainable approach to the licensing process to encourage environmentally friendly development

Social media now plays an important role in everyday life and has a great impact on society and people. The drawbacks of social media are discussed in this study. Problems that arise from social media include the rise of fake news, digital addiction, mental health problems, and cyberbullying. To optimize the positive impact of social media and reduce its negative impact, social media must be used wisely. This study aims to analyze the effect of social media use on adolescent mental health. This study used a survey method involving 200 adolescents aged 13-18 years as respondents. Data was collected through a questionnaire that measured the frequency of social media use, types of content consumed, and mental health indicators such as depression and anxiety. The results showed that there was a positive correlation between the frequency of social media use and the level of depression and anxiety in adolescents. In addition, exposure to negative content such as cyberbullying and others also contributed to the decline in mental health. This study concludes that excessive and unhealthy social media use can negatively impact adolescents' mental health.

PT. Pebana Adi Sarana targets monthly production operations of 20,000 tons/month while actual production is only around 15,000 tons/month, which means that the production target has not been achieved. The factors that cause the failure to achieve the production operation target can be due to ineffective equipment performance, Low equipment performance is one of the things that cause production not to be achieved, so it needs to be studied. The purpose of the study to be achieved is to analyze the actual productivity of loading and unloading equipment and transportation equipment after repairs and conduct improvement analysis using the Quality Control Circle (QCC) method. The data taken for the research is in the form of Excavator and dump truck cycle time data, effective working time, tool specifications. The actual productivity of loading and unloading equipment and transportation equipment at PT. Pebana Adi Sarana for dump trucks of 19,146 tons/month. trucks are 16,351 tons/month while for the Quality Control Circle (QCC) method. The company only needs to carry out the number of tools needed for 3 units of Scania p380 dump trucks and 1 unit of komatsu PC 300 excavator with a production of 21,295 tons/month has exceeded the production target set by the company.

Main engine is the main driving engine. This research develops a ship's main engine temperature monitoring system using the Blynk application. Thermocouple sensors measure engine temperature and IR Sensor measure RPM, the data is processed by ESP32, and sent to the Blynk cloud server, this research aims to determine the design of a prototype intelligent monitoring system to detect the temperature of a ship's main engine using a Thermocouple sensor, NodeMCU ESP32 which operates at 3.3V power is used as the processing core data. The system design in this research integrates Internet of Things (IoT) technology. Test factors for thermocouple temperature measuring devices and RPM sensors (IR Sensors). The test procedure uses a dynamo as a simulation of the main engine, tested for 5-10 minutes under normal conditions and 5 minutes when the dynamo feels warm to hot.

In the current era of globalization, information technology is developing rapidly. As for technology, which is equipment created to make human work easier, when achieving good progress in the work process of PT Plaza Auto Prima, it is absolutely necessary to have a technique that supports and provides satisfactory service for customers. Based on this, the author tries to analyze a method used when employees work in the Plaza Auto Prima environment regarding the work ergonomics they currently apply at PT Plaza Auto Prima, which to date has not seen any improvement. The method used is direct observation and assessment of work posture using the REBA method. The research subjects were mechanics who worked in the installation or removal of car wheels. The data obtained is analyzed to determine the REBA score and the level of risk faced by workers. The research results show that the mechanical work posture at PT Plaza Auto Prima (Toyota) Tendean has significant problems. Analysis using the REBA method produces a final score of 8, which indicates a high risk level and requires immediate improvement. Factors that contribute to this high risk include the lack of ideal work ergonomics and limited supporting equipment. This increases the risk of injury and illness to the worker's body in the future. After improvements were made by adding trolley service tools, the way of working became more ergonomic so that the REBA score dropped to 2, which shows that some of the movements carried out were in the safe category or did not cause muscle injuries in the future. Therefore, the presence of bodily abnormalities that arise from work cannot be separated from the existence of supporting equipment to facilitate the removal of certain parts so as not to cause abnormal bodily effects. Planning for the procurement of a particular tool needs to be done as soon as possible so that workers do not suffer the effects of bodily abnormalities. In this way, the author took analytical steps using the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) method, which is the best solution to solve the problems that exist in this company to support workers so they can work all the time without any complaints about their bodies.

The tool that detects human movement has been designed with a passive infrared sensor based on Arduino ESP32 which can send messages via SMS to the ship's security system. This is the background to the need to improve the security system on ships. The aim of this research is to find out the movement in the ship's engine room. This system can find movements. This tool can detect a maximum distance of 6 m. This system consists of software and hardware that allows sensors to detect human actions. The software uses the C+ language program and is used on the Arduino ESP32. Press the switch to activate this device. A message will be sent to the owner's smartphone if there is movement. Methods and tool system design for applied scientific work that will be carried out using prototype research methods. Prototype research methods are used to produce certain products, and test their effectiveness. The results of the research in this applied scientific work are the level of accuracy of the PIR sensor which detects human movement at a maximum distance of 6 meters and sim800L as a message sender to Android. Beyond that the data is unreadable and invalid.

This study aims to find out about the procedure for measuring the isolation resistance of the main equipment of the 150 kV conventional substation (AIS) as many as 5 bays at the Panakkukang Substation through the measurement of the insulation resistance value in accordance with the predetermined standards. The method used in this study is quantitative descriptive. The subject of the study to be studied is a comparison of isolation resistance values in pre- and post-treatment. This was done to find out if there was a change in the insulation resistance value of the main equipment of the Substation. The main equipment studied is LA, PMT, CT, VT, and Transformer. Measurements were taken with a Megger measuring instrument, with a voltage injection of 5kV. For 5kV voltage injection, the maximum value of the test device is >1000 G?. The standard used is IEEE 43-2000, which is > 1 M? / 1 kV. Based on the results of research that has been carried out on each main equipment of the substation at GI Panakkukang. It can be concluded that the isolation resistance value in each main equipment of the substation at GI Panakkukang is above the minimum value (> M?/1 KV) in accordance with the IEEE Std 62: 1995 standard, VDE Catalogue 228/4, and the standard used by PLN in the "Power System Maintenance Guidebook" in 2014 the isolation resistance value at each main substation at GI Panakkukang has increased after being maintained. Maintenance can be carried out by cleaning the equipment body and foreign materials, and measuring the insulation resistance periodically.

STBM is a comprehensive approach that not only includes sanitation infrastructure development, but also emphasizes changes in community behavior and sustainable waste management. Thus, in the implementation of STBM, the 3R Waste Disposal Site (TPS) is a key component in sustainable waste management. TPS 3R refers to waste management with the 3R principles, namely Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle. However, in this case Menur Pumpungan Village still does not have a 3R-based waste processing facility. So it is necessary to plan the optimal design of TPS 3R to be applied in the future and be able to make a significant contribution in efforts to realize Community-Based Total Sanitation. To calculate the number of TPS 3R services as the basis for design, data on the population in 2023 and the waste generation rate of 2.6 liters/person/day were used. Based on the calculations made, in an effort to support the implementation of the Community-Based Total Sanitation program. The construction of TPS 3R, which is planned to be able to serve the domestic waste processing of the entire Menur Pumpungan urban village community, is expected to reduce the amount of waste entering the landfill. The total land required for operational facilities is 511.85 m2 with a TPS 3R design consisting of a 440.85 m2 waste processing area and 96 m2 of other supporting facilities..

Ship stability is the ability of the ship to return to its original position from a tilt or tilt caused by external disturbances or forces (Kunaifi, 2016). Damage Stability is a calculation of ship stability where the ship experiences damage (leakage) in one of the compartments (Sawasono et al, 2019). The principle used in damage stability analysis is that if there is a leak on the ship, then the leak space is considered to have lost its buoyancy or added sea water entering as additional cargo (Hidayatulloh, 2018).

Pelayaran Semesta Sejahtera Lestari Belawan is a company that operates as a shipping agency (ship agency) which provides domestic and international services. The process of handling ship departure (clearance out) at PT. The Semesta Sejahtera Lestari Belawan voyage starts when the ship has finished carrying out activities at the port, the agent makes another request for ship departure or Clearance Out. The Clearance Out process is a maximum of six hours before the ship leaves, the agent submits a ship out service in the Inaportnet system. To issue an SPB (Sailing Approval Letter), the agent must complete all documents and costs which are the agent's responsibility. For the issuance of an SPK (Work Order), guide the ship out no later than one hour after the SPB (Sailing Approval Letter) is issued. After processing the SPB (Sailing Approval Letter) is complete, the agent will take the ship documents and SIB (Sailing Permit) at KSOP. PT Pelayaran Semesta Sejahtera Lestari is a company that operates in the service and agency services sector, in other words a representative of the general agent/principle to take care of ship documents and take care of all ship needs that are needed when the ship is at the port. To obtain data, the author used field research and library research methods.

Planning project activities is one of the important foundations for project implementation so that the project can be carried out optimally. The schedule is part of project planning which is a parameter for the success of a project. Scheduling needs to be considered to determine the duration and sequence of project activities, so that a logical and realistic project schedule can be formed. The aim of this research is to obtain the critical path of a project activity along with the duration required during the project and to obtain the probability of the project reaching the expected target. In this research the Critical Path Method (CPM) and the Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT) method are used. . Based on the results of the calculations and discussion, it can be concluded that in the function setting activity a critical path was obtained which consists of 7 activities, namely A – B – F – G – H – I – J with a duration of 57 days. It was also found that the probability of the project reaching the expected target within 76 days or less was 0.9978 or 99.78%.
 
 
 

This research focuses on analyzing the performance of dry bulk unloading at Tanjung Tembaga Port, with a case study of PT Delta Artha Bahari Nusantara. The main objective of this research is to evaluate the performance of dry bulk loading and unloading services at the port and identify efforts that can be made to improve loading and unloading productivity. The research method used is descriptive quantitative, with data collection through direct observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The data obtained were analyzed using statistical methods and compared with the established operational service performance standards. The results showed that the performance of loading and unloading at Tanjung Copper Port seen from all indicators of loading and unloading performance can be concluded that the average of all indicators includes good category as evidenced by the total percentage of the average of 79.96%. This study concludes that to improve loading and unloading performance, PT Delta Artha Bahari Nusantara needs to improve facilities and infrastructure, improve operational systems, and provide training to the workforce. Thus, it is expected that the port can be more efficient in handling dry bulk loading and unloading and contribute positively to the supply and distribution chain.

Currently, digital technology needs to be considered in Oil and Gas (Oil and Gas) companies. The Indonesian government revealed that the digital economy is a national economic recovery. Therefore, all business sectors, including the oil and gas sector, need to pay attention to the important role of technology in stimulating business. Quoted from Bisnis.com, Coordinating Minister for Economic Affairs Airlangga Hartarto said that the oil and gas industry contributes investment of US$ 10 billion per year. This paper discusses the impact of technological innovation in the oil and gas industry on productivity and economic welfare. The literature review will outline recent developments in oil and gas technology. The data and methodology used cover a specific time period to understand the relationship between technological innovation and economic development. The results of this analysis provide an in-depth understanding of the contribution of technological innovation to economic growth and societal well-being, providing valuable insights for future policy making

Lubricating oil is a type of fluid needed by a machine to carry out work steps. Significant changes in the temperature of the lubricating oil viscosity until it is too low makes the engine components less lubricated, which causes the engine components to heat up quickly because the friction between the metals that occurs becomes greater. Lubricant that is of poor quality can cause deposits to appear in the engine room which results in the engine working harder. The aim can be achieved in this research by varying the lubricating oil with a mixture of Estolide and Diglyceride surfactant percentages of (2.5%, 5% and 7.5%). This test was carried out on a petrol motorbike with a combustion chamber volume of 125cc with standard conditions. The data that will be taken in this research includes engine temperature and power. The power testing method using a dynamometer and lubricant with cooking oil mixed with 7.5% estolide surfactant after heating produces an average value of 6.52 HP which has a higher average value than oil with a value of 5.37 HP

Polystyrene plastic waste is difficult to decompose naturally and becomes microplastics which pollute the environment. Therefore, plastic waste is utilized in road pavement mixtures. This research aims to find out whether the addition of Polystyrene to AC-BC asphalt with levels of 4% and 5% can improve the quality of asphalt based on the 2018 General Bina Marga specifications. This research was carried out in a laboratory and analyzed using the Marshall method. AC-BC asphalt test results with polystyrene content of 4% and 5%, show that only the VIM value at 4% plastic content with a value of 3.88% meets and 5% plastic content with a value of 2.58% does not meet the range of 3%-5%. , then apart from the VIM value of AC-BC asphalt it meets the specifications. Keywords: AC-WC, AC-BC, Polystyrene, Marshall

Semen Z is one of the largest cement supplier companies in Indonesia and will continue to increase every year. The development of the cement industry is in line with the continued development of infrastructure projects, both private and Indonesian government. PT. Semen Z has good integration from raw material providers to cement that is ready to be used by every project that requires it. Development of PT. Cement Z will occur in the quantity of raw materials, human resources, and production processes, up to distribution to consumers. The activities carried out are land clearing/stripping, blasting, excavation and loading, as well as transportation and destruction. Raw materials sourced from this mining process include limestone, silica stone and clay. In this study mining was only carried out on limestone and clay was obtained from suppliers. The units used in the inventory data are limestone and clay raw materials (tons), ammonium nitrate chemicals (tons), diesel fuel (liters), electricity (kWh), emissions (tons), B3 waste (tons), non-B3 waste (tons) and products (tons). Every activity process carried out will have an impact on the environment, so the Company's commitment to a green industry or clean industry is required. To determine the environmental impact analysis on cement production activities, the Company conducted an environmental impact analysis using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method. The aim of this research is to identify improvements in environmental performance, especially those that are hotspots in the Company's production process. The research results show that the highest identification of environmental impacts is obtained from activities at the Limestone mine, in accordance with the Pareto rules approach where if the contributors are more than 80% of the food it will affect the results of the impact analysis obtained.

This journal analyzes the exploration of dependence on technology in the novel "Dune" by Frank Herbert. The main focus of the journal is on the technological concepts introduced in the story, including the use of Melange as an energy source for the Holtzman Drive, the development of artificial intelligence, shields versus laser weapons, as well as water distillation technology used by the Fremen. This journal explains the impact of dependence on technology in the political, social and economic context of the universe created by Herbert. This research also discusses the contradiction in the acceptance of technology between human needs and the prohibition on the use of computers in the history of the Dune universe.
 
 
 

Efficient and high quality public transportation is an important factor in overcoming traffic congestion problems in metropolitan areas. Transjakarta, as one of the largest mass transit systems in Indonesia, plays a key role in providing reliable transportation services for the people of Jakarta. Customer satisfaction with Transjakarta officer services is a crucial factor in ensuring the success and sustainability of this system. This research aims to analyze the level of customer satisfaction with the quality of service provided by Transjakarta officers. By using quantitative methods and collecting primary data through online questionnaires as well as secondary data from related sources, this research evaluates various aspects of service, such as friendliness, speed of response, and clarity of information provided by officers. The results of this analysis are expected to provide valuable insights for Transjakarta in identifying areas that require improvement and devising strategies to increase overall customer satisfaction, thereby maintaining loyalty and competitiveness in the public transportation industry.

The construction of a high-rise building is a construction project that can be said to have high risk factors so that it will have a negative effect on the project schedule, quality, and costs needed. Project risk management analysis is needed to control risks and to determine risk handling to prevent the occurrence of dominant risks in construction projects. In this study, primary data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires, while secondary data was obtained through data from projects and literature studies. The data obtained from the questionnaire will be analyzed for risk variables using the Severity Index (SI) method. Meanwhile, the risk level analysis uses the Probability Impact Matrix (PIM). The results of the analysis show that there is a dominant risk that has the most influence on the time aspect is the risk of delay in material delivery with a high level of risk. The dominant risk that has the most influence on the cost aspect is the occurrence of equipment damage while working with a medium risk level. The dominant risk that has the most influence on the quality aspect is that the quality of the material is not in accordance with the quality specifications with a medium risk level.

The wooden shipyard in Bahari Village is a privately-owned facility that conducts maintenance, repair, and construction of new wooden ships. The vessels serviced at this shipyard range from 10 GT to 25 GT and are made from wood. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the management of the wooden shipyard in Bahari I Village, Sampolawa District, South Buton Regency. The methodology used is a survey method, and the data is analyzed using fishbone analysis followed by a descriptive approach. The results of this study indicate that the construction and repair processes of wooden ships in Bahari I Village are not efficient due to facilities that do not meet standards, with only 22% of the necessary conditions being fulfilled. The management of this wooden shipyard is still far from adequate because several aspects remain uncontrolled, such as the shipbuilding process not meeting expected targets, delays in the availability and delivery of raw materials, and the use of very basic tools and outdated technology.
 

The maritime industry, as one of the vital sectors in the global economy, plays an indispensable role in facilitating international trade and the transportation of goods worldwide. However, confronted with challenges of heightened global competition and fluctuations in fuel prices, the industry needs to seek solutions to enhance efficiency and overall performance. This study assesses the application of Lean Management Principles in the maritime industry, emphasizing strategies such as value stream mapping, waste identification, and employee training as crucial for success. Findings reveal potential for enhancing operational efficiency and reducing waste, along with additional benefits such as heightened customer satisfaction and contributions to environmental sustainability. Recommendations for further research encompass case studies on Lean Management implementation in the maritime industry, the development of tailored implementation models, and investigations into the environmental ramifications of Lean Management application. In conclusion, the implementation of Lean Management holds significant promise for improving the performance of the maritime industry and fostering its overall development.

Increased economic growth in the city of Parepare with the presence of buildings around the estuary. In general, the composition of concrete making materials is taken from good materials. The problem encountered in the field is that the quality of concrete in construction decreases due to brackish water, causing structural elements in the construction to become porous. Meanwhile, preventive measures are rarely or never taken. As a result, the construction life is very short. Brackish water is one of the causes of structural failure. This is due to the content of sulfate and chloride ions in water containing salt/salts that react with chemical elements in reinforcing steel resulting in corrosion of the reinforcement. The purpose of the study was to analyse the compressive strength of concrete with a mixture of clean water against the percentage of brackish water with a maintenance age of 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. The results showed that brackish water had an impact on reducing the compressive strength of concrete due to the high chemical content in brackish water such as Sulfate (SO²¯) of 52.5 in brackish water in Kenjeran and 62.5 in brackish water in mangrove. Dissolved Solids (TDS) of 15188 mg/l in kenjeran brackish water and 3436 mg/l in mangrove brackish water. Organic Content (KMnO) of 8.05 mg/l in kenjeran brackish water and 6.69 mg/l in mangrove brackish water is too high, so the chemical content contained in brackish water can damage the compounds in the cement content and decrease the strength of the materials contained in the concrete. In this case it can result in concrete having a very low durability.

Management transformation in the shipping industry has become increasingly important with the advancement of information technology. This research aims to analyze the role of information technology in management transformation in the shipping industry. Through a literature review approach, this study explores the use of information technology in enhancing operational efficiency, facilitating faster decision-making, and improving company competitiveness. The main findings indicate that information technology has been a key driver in management transformation, with the adoption of integrated logistics management systems and real-time ship monitoring. However, challenges such as infrastructure complexity, data security issues, and resource constraints are also identified in the implementation of information technology. Effective mitigation strategies are needed to address these challenges. This study also highlights the importance of collaboration and partnerships in the transformation of the shipping industry. Thus, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of the role of information technology in management transformation in the shipping industry, while highlighting the challenges faced and their practical implications.

Working on a project requires careful planning, so that it can be carried out with optimal time and cost. However, in practice, the implementation of project work usually encounters obstacles that cause schedule delays which result in cost overruns. Therefore, to determine the accuracy of the implementation of a project, routine evaluation and analysis is carried out with the aim of knowing how the progress of a project is progressing. In this research, the Earned Value Analysis method is used to examine trends in schedule variance and cost variance in a period (time) during the project. Based on the calculations and analysis carried out, it can be concluded that there were no delays in the implementation of the Kapal X construction project at X company, the work was carried out according to the predetermined schedule, even faster than the previously planned schedule. Based on the results of the analysis of project completion projections in terms of time, the results for the projected remaining work time (ETS) were 268 days and for the projected total project completion time to completion (EAS) it was 594 days or 306 days faster than the initial plan of 900 days.
 
 

Climate change has become a major factor in increasing forest fires in various parts of the world. This phenomenon has had serious impacts on the environment, economy and human health. Environmental conservation efforts are becoming increasingly important to reduce the risk of forest fires and maintain ecosystem balance. With a better understanding of the relationship between climate change and forest fires, preventive and adaptation measures can be designed to protect forests and ecosystems that are vulnerable to this threat. The purpose of this article is to discuss the impact of climate change on the increase in forest fires and environmental conservation efforts that can be taken to overcome this problem. The method used in this research is using a literature study method to collect information about the impact of climate change on forest fires and environmental conservation efforts. Climate change is significantly increasing the risk of forest fires worldwide leading to rising global temperatures that are drying out forests and increasing the likelihood of fires occurring. Changing rainfall patterns also lengthen and strengthen the dry season, increasing the potential for forest fires. These factors, along with human activity and extreme weather, have led to an increase in the frequency and intensity of forest fires. The impacts are far-reaching, including destruction of wildlife habitat, carbon loss, ecosystem degradation, and negative impacts on air quality and human health.

This paper aims to find out the process of managing export and import documents by PT Adhigana Pratama Mulya Belawan branch, the process starts from before the arrival of the ship to the port of Belawan, the agent has prepared the documents needed by the ship in loading and unloading activities. The data collection method used by the author in writing this paper is the field observation method (field research) and the library method (library research) to find out more closely how the company PT. Adhigana Pratama Mulya Belawan branch in carrying out export and import document management activities. The problems faced in the process of managing export and import documents are frequent quantity differences that cause revisions to documents. Good cooperation and coordination between shipping companies and related agencies in the management of export and import documents is needed for the smooth service of handling export and import documents

The aim of this research is to analyze the effect of adding hyperplasticizer and retarder on the compressive strength of self-compacting concrete. Fine aggregate and coarse aggregate from the Jenneberang River, Kab. Gowa. The concrete mix design uses a trial and error mix design for self-compacting concrete by making visual observations, so that the physical conditions of the mixture appear to be sufficient to produce a good mix. The stages of this research, by finding a comparison of the slump flow values ??of the self-compacting Concrete concrete, then making test objects, after that curing the test objects using the water curing method for 28 days, then testing the compressive strength of the self-compacting Concrete concrete to produce comparison to the compressive strength of normal(conventional) concrete. The results of this research show that self-compacting concrete has a compressive strength value of 46.25 Mpa compared to normal concrete of 45.02 Mpa, an increase of 2.73% compared to normal concrete. And the slump value of normal concrete is 8 - 13 cm, while the slump flow of self-compacting concrete is 63 - 84.9 cm, with a time range between 2.53 - 3.46 seconds, able to reach a diameter of 500 mm on the segregation board.