Non-formulary drug utilization in Harapan Kita Children’s and Mother’s Hospital presents a substantial challenge in healthcare cost management, especially for patients enrolled in the BPJS health insurance program. Given its status as a national referral hospital, Harapan Kita Children’s and Mother’s Hospital encounters a high prevalence of complex maternal and child health cases requiring the use of medications beyond the scope of the national formulary. This research endeavor seeks to examine the patterns and consequences of non-formulary drug use within this context. This study adopted a quasi-experimental design, incorporating both quantitative and qualitative methods, to evaluate the impact of an sosialisation intervention and audit clinic on physician compliance with formulary drug use. A pre-test and post-test design was employed to measure changes in non-formulary drug utilization. Findings indicated a statistically significant decrease in non-formulary drug use from 18% to 13% post-intervention. The integration of a clinical pathway and tailored physician training was instrumental in achieving improved formulary adherence. Given these results, it is recommended to broaden training and surveillance programs, strengthen technological support through the implementation of formulary information systems, and undertake longitudinal research to assess the long-term sustainability of the intervention's effects..

The implementation of Electronic Medical Records (EMR) in outpatient services aims to improve the efficiency, accuracy, and accessibility of clinical information. However, the effectiveness of such systems is highly dependent on user satisfaction. This study evaluated the satisfaction of health personnel using outpatient EMR at Sultan Fatah Regional Hospital, Indonesia, by employing the End User Computing Satisfaction (EUCS) model. The research addressed issues related to incomplete data, low system responsiveness, and interface usability that may affect the quality of service delivery. A qualitative descriptive method was used, involving in-depth interviews, direct observations, and document analysis from 21 informants selected purposively across multiple service units. The EUCS dimensions—content, accuracy, format, ease of use, and timeliness—were used to assess user experience. The findings indicate that users encountered problems such as incomplete patient data and duplicate records (accuracy), non-intuitive interfaces (format and ease of use), and delays in accessing medical information (timeliness). Observations and documentation review further revealed a reliance on manual backups and inconsistencies between digital and physical records. Overall, the study highlights the need for better data integration, enhanced user training, interface redesign, and system infrastructure upgrades to ensure real-time and comprehensive EMR usage. The study concludes that addressing technical and human factors through the EUCS model can enhance user satisfaction and system utilization in outpatient healthcare settings.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a long-term or chronic disease that needs to be managed properly. One of the biggest challenges for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus is their ability to control their weight. This cross-sectional study aims to determine the ability to control their weight in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus and the factors that influence it. Respondents in this study were 96 respondents using a purposive sampling technique. The independent variables were factors related to the ability to control their weight, while the dependent variable was the ability to control their weight. Data collection used a questionnaire, and statistical testing was carried out using Spearman's rho with a significance level of 0.05. The results of the study showed that most respondents (71.9%) used oral diabetes medication, almost all respondents (37.5%) used insulin diabetes medication, most respondents (59.4%) had suffered from diabetes for 1-2 years, most respondents (52%) were committed to maintaining their weight in the sufficient category, and most respondents (62.5%) had the ability to control their weight in the fairly good category. The Spearman rho statistical test results showed a relationship between the duration of diabetes (p-value: 0.027) and commitment (p-value: 0.039) with the ability to control weight, while there was no relationship with other factors. The relatively good ability to control weight in patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus may be due to the patient's awareness and motivation that creates a commitment to control their health condition to prevent worsening conditions. It is hoped that patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus can maintain the ability to control their weight so that glucose levels remain under control.

The implementation of Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) in hospital emergency units is essential to improve the speed, accuracy, and quality of services. However, various challenges hinder optimal system utilization. This study aimed to assess the adoption of EMR at the Emergency Unit of RSUD A.M Parikesit Tenggarong using the Human-Organization-Technology Fit (HOT-FIT) framework. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed involving seven purposively selected informants, including health professionals, administrative staff, and IT personnel. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and document reviews, then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model. The findings indicate that from the human aspect, the system was considered easy to use (85%), though user satisfaction remained moderate (67.14%) due to system errors and incomplete CPPT data entries. Organizationally, the hospital provided adequate infrastructure and support, though some policies require stronger enforcement. Technological aspects revealed limitations in system stability, lack of pharmacy integration, and low service quality due to frequent downtime. The study concludes that EMR implementation in the Emergency Unit has not yet achieved full effectiveness across all HOT-FIT domains. Improvements are needed in system reliability, information consistency, and inter-unit integration to optimize EMR benefits and enhance patient care delivery in critical settings.

Mothers who give birth tend to experience increased anxiety which can result in psychological disorders including anxiety, depression (Denis,2021). Postpartum psychological health disorders increase the risk of postpartum blues. The underlying factors are limited access to health services, lack of social support from various parties, and concerns about the health of herself and her baby that will be ignored by the mother. Social support helps postpartum mothers deal with stressors (Adli, 2022). This research method uses Quasi experimental with two groups pretest posttest research design. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling. The sample size consists of 30 participants divided into 2 groups with 15 respondents each. The intervention group received dhikr sholawat treatment while the control group only received slow deep breathing (SDB) treatment. The intervention lasted for 14 days. The measurement of depression levels carried out was a measurement using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) instrument form. The results of the study P value 0.023 (> 0.05) so it is concluded that there is a difference between the effectiveness of providing Dzishol intervention and SDB intervention. Based on the comparison of the median value after the intervention in the group, it is known that the median value in the Dzishol group (score 11) is smaller than the SDB group (score 9) so it can be concluded that providing Dzishol intervention on anxiety levels is more effective than SDB intervention.

Chronic kidney failure in the end stage requires kidney replacement therapy in the form of haemodialysis. Haemodialysis is not to cure but as a replacement therapy for kidney function to clean the blood from various substances that cannot be excreted naturally by the kidneys which must be done for life. Chronic kidney failure patients undergoing haemodialysis can cause life changes that will affect the patient’s quality of life. This study aims to determine the relationship between the duration of haemodialysis therapy and age and the quality of life in chronic kidney failure patients at PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Hospital. This study employed a descriptive correlation study with a cross-sectional method. The study population was 165 patients with a sample of 115 respondents. The instrument to determine the quality of life was the Kidney Disease Quality of Life (KDQOL) Questionnaire and interviews were done to determine the age and duration of haemodialysis therapy. The results of statistical tests using the Kendall Tau test showed a p-value> 0.05, which is 0.059 for the test of the duration of haemodialysis therapy with quality of life. Thus, it can be concluded that there is no significant relationship between the duration of haemodialysis therapy and quality of life in chronic kidney failure patients at PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Hospital. Statistical tests for age with quality of life using the Kendall Tau test showed a p-value> 0.05, which is 0.694. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is no significant relationship between age and quality of life in chronic kidney failure patients at PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Hospital.

The Next-Gen Global Health 6.0 initiative offers an integrative model employing genomics, nano-immunotherapies, and artificial intelligence (AI) to address the escalating complexity of global health issues, particularly the convergence of infectious and chronic diseases. This framework advances precision medicine by integrating real-time genomic surveillance with AI algorithms, enabling timely prediction and response to outbreaks, as well as tailored therapeutic approaches. Nano-immunotherapies play a critical role in modulating immune responses with high specificity, especially in chronic infections and diseases resistant to conventional treatments. Through these synergistic technologies, the Next-Gen Global Health 6.0 approach aims to transcend traditional healthcare boundaries, offering scalable, data-driven interventions that are adaptable to varying resource levels worldwide. Emphasizing accessibility and equity, this framework highlights the necessity for innovative health policies and interdisciplinary collaboration to optimize deployment in underserved regions, ultimately contributing to sustainable, resilient healthcare systems prepared for evolving global health challenges.

Waste that arises from health care activities, including diagnosing, preventing, and treating diseases, is known as Medical waste, and it poses threats to human and environmental health if adequately addressed. Objectives: This study aimed to identify HCWs' knowledge, attitude, and practice concerning MWM at Al-Imammein Al-Kadhimein Teaching Hospital in Iraq. Patients and methods: An exploratory quantitative descriptive survey was administered to 300 randomly selected healthcare personnel and included questions on knowledge, attitude, and practice about MWM. Results: All statistical analysis was done using SPSS-25 with significance testing done at p-value ? 0.05 using the Pearson Chi-square test (X2-test). The cross-tabulation analysis by percentage showed that 55.7% of respondents had good knowledge, 25.3% had moderate knowledge, and 19% had poor knowledge of MWM. In this case, the positive attitude of the participants was 57. 7%, while the negative attitude was 42.3%. While comparing the practices, 46.7% followed good practices, and 53.3% followed poor practices.Conclusions: Overall knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding medical waste management showed average responses from the included participants, necessitating implication for training programs to raise the healthcare personnel's knowledge.

A peel-off facial mask is a cosmetic preparation in the form of a gel, which is applied to the skin of the face and left to dry so that a transparent film is formed that is elastic and easy to remove. One of the factors that influences the characteristics of peel-off gel face masks is the gel-forming ingredients which have different characteristic properties. The aim of this research was to determine the effectiveness of loaded red bracts of Kepok banana flowers (Musa paradisiaca L.) which were formulated into peel-off face maks with varying gelling agent concentrations. This research was carried out experimentally in the laboratory, including: taking plant samples using purposive sampling, sample processing and plant determination, making extracts using ultrasonic waves, making peel-off face mask preparations with gelling agent concentrations, physical evaluation of the preparations and stability test.  The research results showed that the physical preparation of the peel-off face mask loaded with red bracts of Kepok banana flowers (Musa paradisiaca L.) was brownish red in color, odorless, gel texture, transparent, sticky, thick, non-synergic and homogeneous. The stability results show that there is a change in pH before and after test.

The angulation of third molars plays a crucial role in dental health and orthodontic outcomes. This review examines changes in third molar mesioangulation after orthodontic treatment, comparing cases involving first premolar extractions with non-extraction protocols. Research has shown that premolar extractions often result in significant improvements in third molar angulation, promoting easier eruption and reducing the likelihood of impactions. Conversely, non-extraction cases generally demonstrate less favorable changes, with a higher frequency of impactions and limited spontaneous correction of molar positioning. The extent and direction of these changes depend on individual factors such as the degree of crowding and the developmental stage of the third molars at the start of treatment. Premolar extraction during orthodontic procedures appears to enhance third molar angulation, potentially lowering the risk of impaction and reducing the need for surgical removal. However, some studies highlight the influence of individual anatomical variations, suggesting that premolar extraction does not consistently produce uniform angulation changes in all patients. Therefore, orthodontic treatment planning should weigh the potential advantages of premolar extractions in improving third molar alignment, especially for patients with a higher risk of molar impaction

A healthy lifestyle is an important issue that needs to be instilled early in life, especially during adolescence. Adolescents living in hinterland areas often face greater challenges in accessing adequate health information and facilities. Therefore, efforts to promote healthy lifestyles among adolescents, especially in hinterland areas, are very important to prevent health problems and improve quality of life. One potentially effective approach to improve the motivation and healthy lifestyle behavior of adolescents in hinterland areas is the Peer Empowerment program. This program utilizes the strong influence of peers in motivating and encouraging positive behavior change among adolescents. This research will use the research and development (R&D) method with an experimental approach. The results of this study are useful for providing recommendations for effective health promotion methods for healthy lifestyle changes in adolescents.

Thalassemia is a disease classified in the group of hereditary hemolytic anemia caused by the failure of the formation of one of the four amino acid chains forming Hb, causing incomplete Hb formation. Thalassemia carriers account for 7% of the world's population.  At present, the cornerstone of treatment for ?-TM in Indonesia remains supportive, including blood transfusions and iron chelation therapy. With a comprehensive discussion about thalassemia in Indonesia, it is hoped that the diagnosis and treatment of thalassemia will be more optimal and effective in future research.

The study entitled “Cream Formulation of Methanol Extract of Tapak Kuda (Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) R. Br.) Leaves) As an anti-inflammatory in male white mice (Mus musculus)” using laboratory experimental methods with posttest control group design, data analysis using SPSS 25.0 with One Way ANOVA test and Duncan test. The percentage of extract yield obtained was 3.12%, phytochemical screening test showed the presence of secondary metabolite compounds alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and steroids. Cream preparation of methanol extract of Tapak Kuda leaves at concentrations of 2.5%, 5% and 10% showed anti-inflammatory activity and the maximum dose to reduce edema diameter was 10% concentration with a percentage inhibition of 87.97%. Data analysis with One Way ANOVA test with a significance value ? 0.05 which indicates the presence of anti-inflammatory activity in Ipomoea pes-caprae tread leaf methanol extract cream.

Hemophilia is a genetic disorder resulting from impaired blood clotting. This disorder can be caused by coagulation factor abnormalities due to a deficiency of clotting factors, including vitamin K. A lack of vitamin K disrupts the coagulation process, increasing the tendency for bleeding. This article aims to determine whether there is an influence of vitamin K levels on the blood clotting factors in hemophilia patients. Searching any information needed by analyzing kinds of papers of recent research from the year of 2014 until 2024. Online databases like PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Scopus, and ResearchGate  are utilized by inserting relevant keywords, such as hemophilia, blood clotting factors, vitamin K deficiency and extraction. From 10 articles reviewed, a relationship was identified between vitamin K levels and blood clotting factors in hemophilia patients. Individuals with severe hemophilia experience bleeding episodes characterized by delayed onset, as well as bleeding into muscles, joints, and other internal structures, including the brain. Hemophilia is typically diagnosed through the identification of low or absent levels of FVIII:C or FIX:C. The genes encoding FVIII and FIX are located on the long arm of the X chromosome. Hemophilia A and B are the only hereditary clotting disorders inherited in a sex-linked recessive pattern. Vitamin K levels can influence the blood clotting factors in hemophilia patients, particularly those factors synthesized artificially.

Background: Elementary school students have limited knowledge about healthy food, and the benefits of choosing healthy snacks. They do not understand the nutritional value of various types of food or the impact of consuming unhealthy snacks on their health. Students are often exposed to unhealthy snacks around them, such as fast food, snacks and sodas, and other less nutritious snacks.  Objective: This study aims to encourage changes in students' knowledge and consumption attitudes, namely replacing unhealthy snacks with healthy snacks that are beneficial to their health. Method: This study uses a pre-experimental method, with a One Group Pre Post Test design to measure students' initial abilities before and after participating in learning activities. The population of this study was all students of SDN 38 Bora, Palopo City in 2024, totaling 151 students. The sampling method used was the Cluster Random Sampling Technique as a sampling technique, because the population was quite large, and this sampling technique is often used in various studies in the health sector, 21 respondents were obtained. Results: The study showed that the average knowledge before and after was 5.90 while the average attitude before and after was 27.76, the knowledge value p value = 0.000 ? 0.05 then H0 was rejected using a 95% confidence level. While the attitude value p value = 0.001 <0.05. Conclusion: there is an influence of the use of Video Learning Media on knowledge and attitudes about healthy snacks for students of SDN 38 Bora, Palopo City.
 
 

Stress and burnout among healthcare workers represent a global crisis with significant implications for psychological and physical health, job performance, and interpersonal skills. These conditions are linked to anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, substance use, poor quality of life, digestive disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. Burnout is characterized by emotional fatigue, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment, often caused by chronic workplace stress. Factors such as demographics, fatigue, and resilience influence its development and severity. Traditional stress management interventions, such as counselling and leave, often prove insufficient in addressing these challenges. Recent advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI) provide innovative tools for stress and burnout management, including mobile applications offering mindfulness, meditation, and self-care resources. AI systems like IBM Watson and Google DeepMind are being tested to enhance accessibility and effectiveness in stress management. Additionally, Stress Inoculation Training (SIT), involving methods such as meditation, yoga, cognitive-behavioural therapy, and biofeedback, has been recognized as a proactive approach to mitigating stress. This review explores the factors contributing to stress and burnout in healthcare workers and evaluates interventions aimed at improving well-being and productivity, emphasizing the potential of AI and SIT in preventing and managing these conditions.

This study aims to evaluate effectiveness of health education on public perception and knowledge regarding the use of garlic extract to reduce cholesterol in Suco Seloi Malere Aldeia Namanei Posto Administrativo Aileu Municipiu Aileu in 2024. This research uses a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest approach. Data was collected from the community in Suco Seloi Malere Aldeia Namanei Posto Administrativo Aileu Municipiu Aileu in 2024 through questionnaires before and after being given health education.  Before education, 62% of respondents had moderate knowledge; After education, 64% of respondents had high knowledge about the use of garlic extract to lower cholesterol. Before education, 60% of respondents had a moderate perception; After education, 62% of respondents showed an increase in perception to high perception. Before education, 38% of respondents had little experience, after education, 98% of respondents had good experience regarding the use of garlic extract to lower cholesterol. Before education, the majority of respondents (60%) had a secondary education level. After education, the proportion of respondents with a secondary education level remained stable at 60%. Before education, 40% of respondents felt a high cultural influence regarding the use of garlic extract. After education, this figure increases to 70%.  The health education provided is effective in increasing public knowledge and perception regarding the use of garlic extract to lower cholesterol.

The COVID-19 pandemic severely impacted Indonesia, leading to substantial socio-economic disruptions and widespread social anxiety. In response, the government implemented a range of measures, including restrictions and mandatory health protocols, to control the virus. Although the pandemic is officially declared over, the risk of infection remains. Therefore, continued adherence to health protocols is essential. This study aimed to identify the key factors driving public compliance with health protocols in the post-pandemic period within Indonesia, providing valuable insights for policymakers to prevent future outbreaks. The findings revealed that knowledge emerged as the most significant determinant of community adherence to ongoing health protocol implementation. Consequently, the government must consistently emphasize the importance of adhering to health protocols whenever individuals are outside their homes.

Malaria remains a global health issue, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. In Indonesia, Papua Province specifically Nabire Regency reports a high incidence of malaria, although a decline has been observed since 2010. Infants and pregnant women are the most vulnerable groups. Nutritional status, influenced by dietary patterns, environment, and access to healthcare, plays a crucial role in susceptibility to malaria. Malnourished children are more prone to severe malaria infections due to their underdeveloped immune systems. This research focuses on Kimi Health Center in Nabire Regency and aims to explore the relationship between the nutritional status of children under five and malaria incidence in 2024. The goal of this study is to determine the relationship between the nutritional status of children under five and malaria incidence at Kimi Health Center, Teluk Umar District, Nabire Regency, in 2024. The research design employs an analytical descriptive approach with a cross-sectional method to analyze the relationship between nutritional status and malaria incidence. Data was collected at one point in time and analyzed using univariate and bivariate analysis with the Kendall tau-b test through SPSS software. The results show that nutritional status significantly influences susceptibility to malaria. Children with poor nutrition are at a higher risk of experiencing severe malaria due to immune system dysfunction. Malnutrition, such as Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM), worsens parasitemia and anemia. Nutrient deficiencies, including iron, vitamin A, and zinc, also weaken the immune system. Therefore, improving nutritional status is a crucial effort in malaria control within endemic areas.

Pregnancy is the growth and development of an intrauterine fetus starting from conception and ending until the start of labor. The duration of pregnancy from ovulation to parturition is approximately 280 days (40 weeks). One of the problems that often occurs is anemia in pregnancy. Many pregnant women do not know about anemia and how to prevent it. The factors that influence the level of maternal knowledge about preventing anemia are education, age, type of work, gestational age. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of knowledge and support of families towards pregnant women. This study used a quantitative descriptive design with a Spearman rho statistical test research design and used the technique snowball sampling. The instrument in this study was a questionnaire about the level of knowledge of pregnant women, family support and preventive behavior. The location was at the Genteng Kulon Health Center, Genteng District in July 2024. From the results of the study with the Spearman rho statistical test using SPSS on the level of knowledge, it was found that the level of significance value of 0.001. At the Genteng Kulon Health Center, Genteng District. From the results of this study, it is suggested that there is a need for direction and counseling from officers for IEC to pregnant women regarding increasing pregnant women and family support for anemia prevention behavior in pregnant women.

Objective:This study aimed to determine the relationship between Social Media addiction and Mental Health among grade XII SMA N 1 Kawangkoan students. Methods: This study used a descriptive design.cross sectional study was conducted in September 2024 at SMA N 1 Kawangkoan. The sample size was 75. Data analysis was performed using the Spearman’s rank test. Results: There was a very weak relationship between social media addiction and mental health (correlation coefficient = -0.241 and Sig. 2-tailed = 0.037 <0.05) and not in the same direction, indicating that the higher the social media addiction, the lower the mental health. Conclusion: There is a weak and inverse relationship between social media addiction and mental health in grade XII students of SMA N 1 Kawangkoan. It is recommended that schools provide education to students about the impact of excessive use of social media on adolescent mental health and how to prevent social media addiction.

Childbirth is often perceived as frightening and causing extreme pain. Some mothers also feel traumatized by their first childbirth process because of various difficulties and pain during childbirth so that they are reluctant to plan to have children again. Labor pain is caused by uterine contractions and dilation of the cervix and lower uterine segment. Survey data from PMB Restu Bunda in 2024 on 5 mothers who gave birth, it was found that overall respondents experienced pain, as many as 3 people with a pain scale of 7 (severe pain) and as many as 2 people with a pain scale of 6 (moderate pain). One non-pharmacological therapy that can reduce the intensity of pain is back massage using Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO). The research objective was to determine the effect of back massage with Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) on the intensity of active labor pain in the first stage of labor at the IMP Restu Bunda Gunung Terang Sub-District of West Tulang Bawang Regency. The quantitative research type is a pre-experimental design, one group pre-test - post-test design. The population in this study were all mothers who were going to give birth, as many as 22 mothers, with a sample of 18 people taken by accidental sampling. The study was conducted at the IMP Restu Bunda of Gunung Terang Sub-District West Tulang Bawang Regency. Data collection used observation sheets. Data analysis was carried out using univariate and bivariate tests (Wilcoxon test). The study results showed that the average labor pain before being given a back massage with virgin coconut oil (VCO) was 7.0 and after being given a back massage with virgin coconut oil (VCO) was 5.2. There was an influence of back massage with virgin coconut oil (VCO) on the intensity of active labor pain in the first stage at the IMP Restu Bunda of Gunung Terang Sub-District of West Tulang Bawang Regency with a p-value = 0.001 (p-value <? = 0.05). Suggestions for health workers can recommend back massage with virgin coconut oil (VCO) can be used as complementary therapy for mothers in the first stage of labor.

Background: Every child has the right to receive education in a healthy environment in accordance with the 1945 Constitution Article 31 paragraph 1. The health of the school environment, especially the existence of a healthy canteen, is an important component in supporting student growth and development. This study aims to analyze the implementation of healthy canteens in elementary schools in the working area of the Paal V Health Center in Jambi City. Methods: This study is a qualitative study with an analytical descriptive approach. Research data was collected through in-depth interviews, FGDs, observations, and documentation, with informants consisting of school principals, health center staff, teachers, canteen sellers, and students. Results: At SDN 64/IV Jambi City, there is a written policy regarding school healthy canteens. The average canteen handler has used an apron as personal protective equipment (PPE) and maintained hand and clothing hygiene. School canteen facilities are equipped with adequate lighting and the availability of clean water. However, it is still found that plastic containers are used for food containers. The informants agreed that the existence of healthy canteens in schools is very important and suggested that canteens only sell food that is filling and free from harmful chemicals. Conclusion: Schools with higher accreditation have better canteen management than schools with lower accreditation, especially in policies, facilities, and supervision.

This study examines the relationship between education level and understanding of insulin therapy among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients undergoing insulin therapy at RSUD dr. M. Soewandhi Surabaya. Using a descriptive observational method with a cross-sectional design, data were collected from interviews and medical record observations from 100 patients aged 15-64. The findings reveal that most patients had low educational backgrounds, with 27% never attending school and 39% only completing high school. Regarding insulin therapy comprehension, 10% demonstrated good understanding, 55% moderate, and 35% poor. The highest comprehension was insulin usage rules, while the lowest was injection techniques. The study underscores the need for tailored health education to improve patient understanding, particularly for low-education groups. Limitations of the study include the single-site setting and potential response biases from interviews. Future research should expand to include diverse populations and examine non-educational factors influencing therapy comprehension, such as cultural and economic conditions.

Dehydration occurs when the body loses too much water and essential fluids in the body. Diarrhea is the main cause of dehydration in toddlers. Toddlers often get diarrhea because their immune system is still vulnerable. If the problem of dehydration is not addressed immediately, it can lead to other health problems such as shock risk. This study aims to determine the effect of video education and demonstration on the ability of first aid dehydration due to diarrhea in mothers with children 0-5 years in Siding Tuban Village. The research design used was Pre Experimental with a one group pretest-postest approach, a sample of 16 respondents taken from 66 populations through Purposive Sampling. Research instrument Ability was measured by observation sheet and analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed Rank test (?=0.05). Before the intervention, 93.8% of respondents had poor skills and after the intervention, 100% of respondents had good skills, which showed an increase in the value of dehydration first aid skills. The results of the analysis obtained p-value=0.000 (<?), meaning that there is an effect of education on the ability of first aid for dehydration due to diarrhea in children. The combination of video and demonstration methods improves the mother's ability to dehydrate children due to diarrhea through visualization and hands-on practice, facilitating understanding and effective application. It is expected that mothers can carry out first aid for dehydration due to diarrhea in children without guidance, reducing the risk of child mortality.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious infectious disease that continues to be a global health challenge, particularly in Indonesia. Children with stunting are at a higher risk of contracting TB due to their weakened immune system caused by malnutrition. This study aims to analyze the impact of education on TB prevention in stunted children in the working area of the Kosiwo Health Center, Kepulauan Yapen Regency. The research method used was a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design, involving parents and caregivers of stunted children as respondents. Data were collected through questionnaires administered before and after the educational intervention. A total of 45 participants were selected using a total sampling method. Data were collected before and after the intervention using a validated and reliable questionnaire on children's knowledge of tuberculosis (TB), with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.946 for the TB knowledge questionnaire. The results were analyzed using the Paired T-Test, which showed that the mean knowledge score concerning TB transmission in children was 14.89 before the intervention, increasing by 9.78 points to 24.67 afterward, with a p-value of 0.000, which is below ? = 0.05.

This research explores the relationship between Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) and mental health among high school students at Saraswati 1 Denpasar High School, Bali. Employing a cross-sectional quantitative approach, the study assessed FoMO levels using the FoMO Scale by Przybylski et al., and mental health aspects—depression, anxiety, and stress—using the DASS-21 scale. A total of 236 students, selected through convenience sampling, participated in the study, with data analyzed using descriptive and correlation tests. The findings indicate that 40.7% of students experienced moderate levels of FoMO, while significant proportions reported severe or very severe anxiety (38.1%) and stress (37.3%). Correlation analyses using Spearman and Pearson tests revealed positive and significant relationships between FoMO and depression (r = 0.322, p < 0.01), anxiety (r = 0.361, p < 0.01), and stress (r = 0.404, p < 0.01). These results emphasize the influence of excessive social media use on adolescents' mental health, highlighting the importance of interventions like counseling and educational programs to address FoMO's psychological effects. The study's limitations include sampling constraints and absenteeism, indicating the need for future research with more comprehensive methods.

This study aims to analyse the relationship between the level of health knowledge and the use of herbal therapy in hypertensive patients in Aldehia (One-Sere, Casmuto, Suli-Ua), Suco Buruma, Posto Administrativo Baucau, Municipiu Baucau, Timor Leste in 2024.  This study used a quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach. The study population consisted of hypertensive patients in Aldehia (One-Sere, Casmuto, Suli-Ua), Suco Buruma, Posto Administrativo Baucau, Municipiu Baucau, Timor Leste in 2024. The sample was selected by random sampling. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire with variables of health knowledge, use of herbal therapy, and other factors that influence the decision to use herbal therapy.65% of hypertensive patients have a low level of health knowledge and 67.5% do not use herbal therapy. There was a significant relationship between the level of health knowledge and the use of herbal therapy. Statistical tests showed that a better level of health knowledge tended to be associated with increased use of herbal therapy, with a significant p-value (p = 0.000), which suggests that health knowledge influences patients' decision to adopt herbal therapy. Education level was significantly associated with herbal therapy use (p = 0.015), where higher education level increased the likelihood of herbal therapy use (Exp(B) = 2.034). This study shows the importance of improving health knowledge and education in influencing the use of herbal therapy among hypertensive patients.

Kombucha tea is a drink produced through a fermentation process of a mixture of tea and sugar using kombucha culture or also called SCOOBY ( Symbiotic Culture of Bacteria and Yeast) . The basic ingredients for making kombucha tea are granulated sugar solution and tea bags, in this study it was varied using fruit skin. Vitamin C is known as an important antioxidant found in many fruits, including in rujak fruit skin which is often considered waste. The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of vitamin C in kombucha tea fermented from fruit skin waste. This study used qualitative and quantitative methods. The qualitative method uses the Benedict test and the quantitative method uses the calculation of the percentage of vitamin C content using the iodimetric titration method. The results of the qualitative analysis of the Benedict test were positive for vitamin C with a change in the color of the sample solution to green-yellowish and the analysis of the percentage of vitamin C content obtained a result of 2.3124% or equal to 0.23124 mg / 10 mL of sample solution. The vitamin C content of kombucha tea can vary depending on the base ingredients used, fermentation time, and storage temperature.

Objective: The study aimed to assess the adjuvant role of dexamethasone in multimodal analgesia to control postoperative pain for various laparoscopic surgical procedures.  Methods: From January to April 2023, a study was conducted at Baghdad Teaching Hospital involving 80 patients prepared for various laparoscopic procedures, classified as ASA grades I and II. The participants were divided into groups (A and B) of 40 patients. There were no significant differences between the groups regarding gender distribution, age, BMI, ASA grade, anesthesia duration, and surgical procedure duration. Group A comprises patients administered dexamethasone 8 mg intravenously one hour before the induction of anesthesia, whereas Group B patients received a normal saline (placebo). The analgesic effect was assessed by measuring the VAS score for each group at 1, 3, 6, and 24 hours post-discharge from the recovery room. The study also evaluated the necessity for potent analgesics among the study population in each group. Results: The study findings indicate that dexamethasone significantly reduces postoperative pain, as evidenced by lower VAS scores in patients administering dexamethasone compared to those receiving a placebo, especially at 6 and 24 hours post-transfer from the recovery room. Additionally, patients administering a placebo exhibit a significant demand for potent analgesia in contrast to the group receiving dexamethasone. Conclusion: The study indicated that a single-dose injection of dexamethasone 8 mg administered preoperatively for various laparoscopic procedures significantly decreases postoperative pain. Effective pain management promotes early recovery and shortens hospital stays, reducing staff stress and providing financial benefits to the institution. We recommend using dexamethasone as a safe and effective medication for alleviating postoperative pain.

This article investigates the relationship between sleep quality and the management of chronic illnesses such as diabetes and hypertension. By analyzing data from patient surveys and health records, the study finds that poor sleep quality is associated with worsened disease management and higher healthcare utilization. The findings suggest that improving sleep quality should be an integral part of chronic illness management strategies to enhance patient outcomes.

This article examines the effectiveness of mindfulness-based therapy (MBT) as a treatment for anxiety disorders. Through a meta-analysis of clinical trials, the study assesses how MBT impacts anxiety levels, stress resilience, and overall mental health. The results indicate that MBT significantly reduces anxiety symptoms and improves coping mechanisms, supporting its use as a non-pharmacological treatment option for patients with anxiety.

This study investigates health disparities in maternal and child healthcare within low-income communities. By analyzing healthcare access, quality, and outcomes, the research highlights factors contributing to health inequities, such as socioeconomic status, education level, and healthcare infrastructure. The findings underscore the need for targeted policy interventions and community health programs to address these disparities and improve maternal and child health outcomes.

This article investigates the relationship between sleep quality and the management of chronic illnesses such as diabetes and hypertension. By analyzing data from patient surveys and health records, the study finds that poor sleep quality is associated with worsened disease management and higher healthcare utilization. The findings suggest that improving sleep quality should be an integral part of chronic illness management strategies to enhance patient outcomes.

This article assesses the effectiveness of vaccination campaigns in controlling the spread of infectious diseases, focusing on recent outbreaks of measles and influenza. Through a comparative analysis of vaccination rates and disease incidence in different regions, the study identifies key factors contributing to successful vaccination efforts. The findings emphasize the importance of public awareness and accessibility in achieving high vaccination coverage to prevent outbreaks.

This systematic review examines the correlation between nutrition and mental health outcomes. By synthesizing data from various studies, the research highlights the impact of dietary patterns, micronutrient deficiencies, and food quality on mental health disorders, including depression and anxiety. The review underscores the importance of nutritional interventions in mental health care, suggesting that a balanced diet may play a crucial role in overall psychological well-being.

Hypertension, often called the "silent killer," is a leading non-communicable disease contributing to high mortality and morbidity, particularly in the elderly. As individuals age, peripheral blood vessel elasticity decreases, increasing vascular resistance and leading to systolic hypertension, commonly seen in older adults. Hypertension requires long-term treatment, which can result in non-compliance among elderly patients. Family support plays a crucial role in assisting and encouraging adherence to treatment regimens. This quantitative correlation study, with a cross-sectional approach, aimed to examine the relationship between emotional family support and treatment compliance in elderly hypertensive patients. The study was conducted at the Sei Agul Health Center, with a sample size of 65 elderly individuals selected using the Slovin formula and purposive sampling technique in October 2023. The Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) was used to measure treatment compliance, while the emotional support instrument was developed by the researcher. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test, showing a significant relationship between emotional family support and treatment compliance (p-value < 0.05). The findings conclude that emotional support from family positively influences the compliance of elderly patients undergoing hypertension treatment at the Sei Agul Health Center. Health workers are encouraged to involve families in supporting hypertensive patients to enhance treatment outcomes.

This study explores how digital health interventions, such as mobile health apps and wearable devices, contribute to the management of lifestyle diseases like diabetes and hypertension. By examining user data from various digital platforms, the research highlights improvements in patient adherence, monitoring capabilities, and self-management skills. The findings suggest that digital health interventions can empower patients to manage their conditions more effectively and reduce the burden on healthcare systems.

This study explores the impact of community health workers (CHWs) on improving healthcare access for vulnerable populations. By examining programs in urban and rural settings, the research highlights how CHWs facilitate education, outreach, and navigation of healthcare services. The findings indicate that CHWs play a vital role in bridging gaps in healthcare access, ultimately leading to better health outcomes for underserved communities.

Using a mixed-method approach, This study examines emotional support for Quranic memorization students (santri tahfidz) in Islamic boarding schools (pesantren). Quantitative analysis of 515 santri tahfidz revealed high levels of emotional support (M = 3.74, SD = 0.68) with two primary dimensions: reliable relationships (74.96%) and trusted guidance (75.17%). Multiple regression analysis uncovered a significant relationship between emotional support and Quranic memorization achievement (? = 0.42, p < .001, R² = 0.18). A meta-analysis of 28 studies (N = 3,627) confirmed a positive correlation between emotional support and students' psychological well-being (r = 0.39, 95% CI [0.34, 0.44]). MANOVA results indicated significant differences in santri tahfidz's perceptions of emotional support based on gender (Wilks' ? = .97, F(2, 512) = 7.85, p < .001, partial ?² = .03) and age (Wilks' ? = .95, F(4, 1022) = 6.73, p < .001, partial ?² = .03). These findings extend previous research by Hasfi (2018) and Vista (2018) by identifying the specific roles of teacher support (? = 0.31, p < .01) and peer support (? = 0.28, p < .01) in enhancing student resilience. Furthermore, this study contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of emotional support dynamics in pesantren tahfidz education, integrating Bronfenbrenner's (1979) ecological perspective and Deci and Ryan's (2000) self-determination theory. Finally in a practical context, the researcher evaluates this study has implications for the development of more structured and efficient emotional support intervention programs in tahfidz pesantren.

One of the major causes of death in the globe is cancer. According to estimates, the number of people affected by cancer worldwide will continue to rise, reaching 21.4 million new cases and 13.2 million deaths by 2030.This study was carried out in the Sudanese state of East Darfur and it is a retrospective in nature. Clinical and Public Health Laboratory provided results, were collected, gathered then analyzed. The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 25 was used evaluate demographic data and tumor cases. show that 87.3% of patients who were affected by were females, while only 12.7% of patients were males show that 15.87% of patients whom affected were 33 years old, followed by 9.52% their age were 34 and 45 years old endometritis accounted for (19.05% ) of the abnormalities that affected the patients, followed by ovaries (14.29%), endometrial polyps (12.70%), Breast masses (7.94%), chronic endometritis, prostatic hyperplasia The data on the present status of the most common benign and malignant tumors in Sudan and the neighboring areas is scarce. There is a complex interaction between the impact of infectious agents, genetics and environmental risk factors on the risk of development of most of these tumors.

Postoperative nausea and vomiting is one of the side effects that often occurs in spinal anesthesia. Nausea and vomiting affect patient morbidity such as stress, discomfort, dehydration, prolonging treatment time and increasing treatment costs. This study aims to determine the effect of acupressure therapy on the incidence of nausea and vomiting after spinal anesthesia in the recovery room at the Imelda Workers Indonesia General Hospital, Medan. This type of research is quantitative research with quasi-experimental research methods. Data reports in the province of North Sumatra showed that there were 25,602 patients who underwent surgery. Meanwhile, at the Indonesian Umim Workers Hospital in Medan, data on surgical patients for January-March 2024 totaled 666 patients, and 250 patients had spinal anesthesia. This research was carried out in February - June 2024 at the Imelda Indonesian Workers General Hospital, Medan. The research sample was taken as many as 20 respondents. incidence of nausea and vomiting after spinal anesthesia at the Imelda Workers Indonesia General Hospital, Medan. Based on the characteristics of respondents based on age, they were in the age range of 36-40 years, namely 55%, based on gender, the majority of respondents were women, namely 60%, respondents based on smoking history were the majority 65%, the distribution of respondents with a history of nausea and vomiting was the majority 55% and the majority of respondents with nausea and vomiting were 60%. The recommendation for this research is that acupressure therapy can be applied in nursing practice so that patients are able to perform it independently. For the Imelda Workers Indonesia General Hospital, Medan, it is necessary to score the risk of nausea and vomiting in patients before surgery to minimize the incidence of post-operative nausea and vomiting.

Background: The most common site of metastases in people with breast cancer is bone metastasis. Patients with advanced phases of cancer are associated with an increased prevalence of several types of metastases, one of which is bone metastasis. Object: Assessment of the risk factors for bone metastases in patients with breast cancer. Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective study of 316 patients with breast cancer who either had bone metastases at the time of diagnosis or developed it later on. The study was carried out between January 2013 and April 2018. Three hundred and sixteen patients were assigned into two groups. In the case group, 100 patients with breast cancer had been diagnosed with bone metastasis by CT, MRI, bone scan, and PET scan; in the control group, there were 216 cases in are control group with breast cancer metastasis to sites other than bone. The questionnaire was created to record all factors (with the exception of demographic information), such as age, histopathological reading for invasive lobular carcinoma, invasive ductal carcinoma, or another type of cancer, ER status, PR status, Her2neu status, lymph node status and stage, and menopausal status. Results: The majority were 45 years of age or younger, and 96.5% of them had invasive ductal carcinoma in terms of hormonal status. Positive ER and PR status is found in 67.7% and 67.1% of the cases, respectively; 40.5% of the cases had amplified Her2neu receptors, 78.5% of the cases had positive lymph nodes, and 41.9% of the cases had (N1) stage. The highest proportion of bone metastasis was associated with negative ER and PR receptors (46.2% and 49%, respectively), while no significant statistical association (P= 0.65). Conclusion: negative ER, PR status, and Her2neu receptors not amplified, lymph node involvement, age 45 and less, infiltrating lobular carcinoma (ILC) histological type, and menopausal state are significant risk factors for bone metastasis in breast cancer.

Digital health interventions hold promise for patient-centered care, as they enable remote monitoring of patients and can be used to easily remind patients to take their medications. This study used a literature review technique with research collecting 30 research publications related to the use, opportunities and challenges of digital health in the treatment of tuberculosis. The literature review technique aims to evaluate and analyze previous research to provide context, show gaps in research, and support arguments for the research to be conducted. Several conclusions from this literature review research include: (1) Digital health has a significant role as an intervention in the management of tuberculosis patients. (2) Digital health offers great opportunities to improve the management and treatment of tuberculosis patients. The opportunity for digital health as an intervention for tuberculosis patients is very promising and can have a significant impact on various aspects of managing this disease. (3) Although digital health offers many opportunities for managing tuberculosis, there are also various challenges that must be faced in its implementation, including: challenges of technology access, patient compliance and engagement, data security and privacy, integration with traditional health systems, costs and funding, quality content and information as well as cultural and language barriers.

toddlerhood is called the golden age where a person experiences rapid growth and development. However, in 2022 based on the results of the Indonesian Nutritional Status Survey (SSGI) showed that toddlers with stunting were 21.6%, toddlers with malnutrition were 7.7%, toddlers with undernutrition were 17.1% and toddlers who were obese were 3.5%. The purpose of this study was to describe the nutritional status of toddlers aged 0-59 years in Kedalon Village. The quantitative descriptive research method with observational analytics on data from nutritional status measurements in toddlers aged 0-59 years. The total sample was 192 toddlers in Kedalon Village, the data was subjected to descriptive analysis. The results of toddlers with normal height were 182 (94.79%), short height 7 (3.65%) and very short height toddlers 3 (1.56%). Toddlers with normal weight 164 (85.42%), underweight toddlers 18 (9.37%), overweight toddlers 7 (3.65%) and very underweight toddlers 3 (1.56%). Toddlers based on weight according to height with normal results 163 (84.90%), undernutrition 10 (5.21%), overnutrition 3 (1.56%) and obesity 2 (1,045) and severe malnutrition 2 (1.04%). Toddlers who are identified as having nutritional problems can be given adequate nutritional interventions so that growth and development problems do not occur in the future.

Non-communicable diseases cannot be transmitted to others, but their development occurs slowly over a long period of time. One of the non-communicable diseases that is a priority in global health today is hypertension. Hypertension often causes complications such as stroke, heart disease, and kidney failure. The aim is to describe the incidence of hypertension in Posbindu PTM Bumiroso participants. The quantitative descriptive method using the total sampling technique obtained 38 respondents. The data was analyzed descriptively to describe the results of the respondents' blood pressure examinations. The results of the study based on the classification of hypertension, participants who experienced pre-hypertension and hypertension level 1 were 12 (31.58%), hypertension level 2 was 9 (23.68%) and normal was 5 (12.16%). The conclusion is that more than half of Posbindu PTM participants experience hypertension, as a suggestion, they can carry out routine checks at the nearest health facility.
 
 

Neonatal mortality consists of early neonatal death and late neonatal death. Neonatal mortality rate is the number of neonatal deaths per 1,000 live births. Low Birth Weight is one of the risk factors that contributes to infant mortality, especially during the neonatal period. This study aims to determine the factors that influence the incidence of low birth weight babies at RSKDIA Siti Fatimah Makassar in 2024. This study is analytical with a case control approach used to determine the influence between independent variables and dependent variables. The type of research is retrospective which tries to look back. This means collecting data starting from the effects or consequences that have occurred. Then from these effects the causes or variables that influence these consequences are traced. The population in this study were all babies born in January-June 2018, totaling 759 babies. The sample in this study were babies born in the delivery room of RSKDIA Siti Fatimah Makassar in 2024 with a birth weight of > 2500 grams. Based on the research results, a p value of 0.002 was obtained, thus it can be concluded that this figure means that there is an influence of maternal age on the incidence of LBW, and the p value ? = 0.001 means that H0 is rejected, meaning that there is an influence between nutritional status and the incidence of Low Birth Weight.

Sleep is a vital process for human recovery, occurring predominantly during rest. High-quality sleep is essential for the recovery process, helping to alleviate excessive fatigue, while poor sleep quality can lead to reduced immunity. One significant issue affecting young people today is sleep quality, which is influenced by various factors, including smartphone use. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between smartphone addiction and sleep quality among the youth of the GMIM "Eben Haezar" Kaaten. Conducted in August 2024, this cross-sectional study included all 173 youth registered in the GMIM Youth SIT, with a research sample consisting of 63 respondents. The study variables were smartphone addiction and sleep quality, analyzed using univariate and bivariate methods. Results showed that 36 respondents (57.1%) experienced a high level of smartphone addiction, while 28 respondents (44.4%) reported poor sleep quality. The study concluded a significant relationship between smartphone addiction and sleep quality, with a p-value of 0.010 and a significance level of ? = 0.05.

Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae that attacks several parts of the body, especially the upper respiratory tract, skin, and peripheral nerves. Indonesia is the third country with the most leprosy in the world. This study aims to determine the profile of leprosy patients at the Dermatology and Venereology Polyclinic Dr. M. Djamil Padang Hospital in 2018-2021. This research is descriptive retrospective with total sampling technique using secondary data in the form of medical records. The sample of this study were all leprosy patients in 2018-2021 who were fulfilled inclusion criteria, with a total of 39 patients. The results showed that the most age group was >14 years (100%), the most gender was male (74.36%), the most residence was Padang (33.33%), and almost all leprosy patients (92.31%) had no history of household contact with leprosy patients. Most of the leprosy patients were of the multibacillary type (74.36%) with positive smear results (46.15%), without leprosy reaction (61.54%), and the most disability level that occurred was grade 0 disability (48.72%). The conclusion of this study is that most cases of leprosy at the Dermatology and Venereology Polyclinic RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang in 2018-2021 aged >14 years, male, having address in Padang City, had no history household contact, multibacillary type, positive smear result, without reaction, and level 0 disability.

Accidents or injuries can happen anywhere, anytime, even in the school environment. Wherever an accident occurs, it is necessary to get immediate help to reduce the danger and immediately go to the nearest health facility. The low level of knowledge and motivation of PMR members will be a big problem, because PMR members are trained as first aiders in schools before the victim is sent to the next health facility. This study used a quantitative pre-experimental type with a one group pretest-posttest design approach. The population in this study were all members of PMR SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Jambi City. The sample in this study was 35 students using the total sampling technique. The independent variable of this study is first aid education and the dependent is the knowledge and motivation of PMR members. The research instrument used a 2-time questionnaire using the Wilcoxon statistical test. The results showed that before the intervention, some respondents had sufficient knowledge as many as 27 respondents (77.1%) and after the intervention the respondents had good knowledge as many as 35 respondents (100%). Motivation of PMR members before being given the intervention, most respondents were moderately motivated with a total of 31 respondents (88.6%) and motivation after being given the intervention all respondents were highly motivated as many as 35 respondents (100%). Wilcoxon statistical test results there is an effect of first aid education on knowledge with a significance value of 0.001 (p Subscribe to DeepL Pro to edit this document. Visit www.DeepL.com/pro for more information. < 0.05) and motivation with a significance value of 0.001 (p < 0.05). This study shows that first aid education has an influence on increasing the knowledge and motivation of PMR members at Muhammadiyah 1 High School in Jambi City. PMR members are expected to be able to increase motivation and relevant knowledge about first aid in accidents, as well as motivation towards others and themselves.

This research begins with the understanding that parenting styles are one of the key factors influencing children's behavior, personality, and socio-emotional development. Thus, positive behavior in children largely depends on the application of appropriate parenting styles. The method used in this research is a descriptive design. The sample was taken using total sampling technique, with a total of 64 respondents. The instrument used in this study was a questionnaire. The results showed that the majority of the parenting style applied was democratic, with 64 respondents (100%), authoritarian with 13 respondents (20%), permissive with 17 respondents (26%), 14 parents applied two parenting styles, and 8 parents applied three parenting styles. **Conclusion:** This research is expected to serve as a reference for maximizing the implementation of effective parenting styles according to the child's developmental stage, which will have a more positive impact on the child's overall growth and development.

The combination of hormone treatment and genetic liabilities in transgender women leads to a complicated situation for breast cancer growth particularly linked to BRCA1 mutations. Gender-affirming treatment relies heavily on estrogen and causes intense cell growth and differentiation in breast tissue driven by estrogen receptor mechanisms. Mutations in BRCA1 lead to weak DNA repair processes which enhance an individual's vulnerability to cancerous changes. Rodestrogens enhance the functioning of proliferative pathways like PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways in cells with dysfunctional BRCA1. This collaborative action elevates the threats posed by benign growths such as fibroadenomas leading to invasive breast cancer. By affecting the expression of vital regulatory proteins linked to cell proliferation estrogen further compromises the genomic integrity in cells harboring BRCA1 mutations. The hormone environment influenced by exogenous estrogen therapy can shape the tumor microenvironment for better cancer progression and metastasis. Comprehending the relationship between estrogen signaling and pathways related to BRCA1 is important for identifying the enhanced risk of cancer in transgender women using hormone therapy. This detailed study aligns recent discoveries regarding genetic vulnerability and hormonal impacts with cell mechanisms to reveal a detailed insight into breast cancer progression in these individuals. The study emphasizes the necessity for custom-designed cancer screening methods and targeted treatments to help mitigate risks and support transgender care. Understanding these pathways greatly enriches our knowledge of hormone-induced carcinogenesis among those who carry certain genetic markers while also guiding the creation of personalized care for transgender women at enhanced risk of breast cancer.

Implementation is a process of putting something into practice which is influenced by internal and external factors. Implementation of occupational health and safety in hospitals concerns the nursing workforce, work methods/methods, work tools, work processes and the work environment which includes improvement, prevention, treatment and recovery. The aim of this research is to determine the relationship between knowledge, motivation and compliance of nursing staff with the implementation of occupational safety and health at Mega Buana Palopo Hospital in 2023. The method uses a quantitative type of research using analytical observational methods, using a cross sectional approach. The sample in this study amounted to 76 respondents. The sampling technique uses random sampling with research instruments, questionnaires and observations. Data analysis used the Fisher exact test and chi-square test. Factors related to the implementation of occupational health and safety for nurses were a good level of knowledge, namely 68 respondents (89.5%), 74 respondents (97%) were motivated and complied with implementation of occupational health and safety, namely 42 respondents (55.3%). The results of the study showed that there was a relationship between knowledge (p= 0.012), motivation (p = 0.034), and compliance of nursing staff (p= 0.016) with the implementation of hospital occupational health and safety. The level of knowledge, motivation and compliance of nursing staff is related to the implementation of occupational health and safety in hospitals

Fractures are emergency conditions that must be treated quickly and accurately and in accordance with fracture management procedures. In general, clients with fractures must undergo surgery which in addition to causing pain also affects activity. After surgery, rehabilitation is needed to prevent contractures. Nursing care for patients with upper/lower extremity fractures must be prioritized and focused on providing comfort, preventing complications, and achieving optimal rehabilitation in rehabilitation. Patients are taught mobilization or movement exercises, namely Passive Range of Motion (ROM). Purpose: To determine the Effectiveness of Passive ROM Exercise in Postoperative Patients with Upper/Lower Extremity Fractures on Length of Stay at Sukoharjo Regional General Hospital. Design: This researcher studied the type of experimental research. The method used is a case study. Results: the results of the study showed that the majority of Active ROM respondents were treated for 2 days with a frequency of 5 respondents. Then the results showed that there was a difference in the effect of passive ROM on the length of stay for fracture patients at Sukoharjo Regional General Hospital.

Background : The problem found at the Sayang Bunda Makassar General Hospital was a decrease in patients after the end of COVID-19 in 2023, there were visit data of 147 patients in January – July. Objective : The purpose of this study is to determine the role of Public Relations in increasing the existence of the hospital. Method : This type of research used qualitative research methods. Methods collected documentation data and in-depth interviews to Result : The research results obtained at the general hospital unfortunately have not been fulfilled in terms of social activities which were only held in 2020, as for the results of observations of social activities and published on social media, this provides satisfaction that the service at the general hospital unfortunately has not collaborated with BPJS insurance, as for communication through media, it has not been fulfilled so that the internet is widely used, social media such as Instagram, as well as the educational dimension when carrying out activities.   such as handling mass circumcisions or providing direct health services. Suggestion : The hospital needs to improve marketing management by digitalizing marketing, promoting health through electronic media as well as re-organizing social activities, improving facilities and infrastructure as well as access to payment via card (JKN-KIS) at Sayang Bunda General Hospital.

Conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, the mucous membrane covering the back of the eyelids and the eyeball, which can be acute or chronic. This condition is characterized by conjunctival hyperemia, edema, and discharge. Causes of conjunctivitis include bacteria, chlamydia, allergies, viruses, and systemic diseases. The incidence of conjunctivitis varies by age, sex, and season. Although slightly more common in women in emergency departments, the seasonal pattern of conjunctivitis is consistent across regions. Allergic conjunctivitis, which affects 15-40% of the population, is most common in the spring and summer. Bacterial conjunctivitis is most common from December to April. Acute bacterial conjunctivitis is generally self-limited, with symptoms lasting 1-3 days if treated appropriately, but can last 10-14 days if left untreated. Staphylococcal and gonococcal conjunctivitis can lead to chronic complications or serious problems such as corneal perforation. Viral conjunctivitis usually gets worse in 4-5 days and resolves in 1-2 weeks. Complications are rare but can include corneal problems and life-threatening conditions such as meningitis or sepsis.

Cyclodextrin inclusion complexes have been widely used in the pharmaceutical industry to improve drug solubility and bioavailability. Analysis of these complexes using HPLC requires the development of appropriate and validated methods. To analyze and compare various HPLC methods used for the analysis of cyclodextrin inclusion complexes, and to identify challenges and trends in method development. A literature review was conducted of articles published in the last 10 years, focusing on HPLC methods for the analysis of cyclodextrin inclusion complexes. Parameters compared included column type, mobile phase composition, flow rate, and detection method. The majority of studies used C18 columns with varying lengths and particle sizes. The composition of the mobile phase varied, reflecting the diversity of properties of the complexes analyzed. The flow rate was generally 1.0 mL/min, with the exception of the HPLC/MS method. Detection methods included UV-Vis, PDA, fluorescence, and mass spectrometry. The main challenges included the dynamic equilibrium of the complexes and stability during analysis HPLC method development for the analysis of cyclodextrin inclusion complexes requires optimization of various parameters to overcome specific challenges. Future trends are towards the use of advanced technologies such as UHPLC and high-resolution mass detection.

The community service project aims to enhance public knowledge and skills in providing immediate assistance during cardiac emergencies. Conducted in collaboration with the Indonesian Emergency and Disaster Nurses Association (HIPGABI) North Sumatra and the Regional Crisis Center Team North Sumatra, this program focuses on training participants in the fundamental techniques of Basic Life Support (BLS), including cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and the use of automated external defibrillators (AEDs). The training is specifically designed for the congregation of HKBP Resort Kwala Bekala Church. The involvement of HIPGABI North Sumatra and the Regional Crisis Center Team North Sumatra brings expertise and professionalism, ensuring that the training adheres to national standards and best practices in emergency response. The outcomes of this training are expected to strengthen community resilience and preparedness in dealing with health emergencies in Medan and the surrounding areas.

Many teenagers now spend most of their time playing gadgets. The teenagers can spend all day playing gadgets. The teenagers can spend all day playing gadgets. Using for a long time causes them to take about 60 minutes longer to fall asleep than usual, resulting in them experiencing insomnia. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between the duration of gadget use and the incidence of insomnia in adolescents at Betzata ABD Leilem Junior High School. Sampling in this study with the Slovin formula, as many as 62 respondents. Data collection using questionnaires via google forms. The data analysis in this study was univariate and bivariate analysis (Chi square test) measuring the relationship between each variable with a vale?= 0.05. The results of the study were obtained, there was a relationship between the duration of gadget use and the incidence of insomnia with a value = 0.06 (value < 0.05). The conclusion in this study is that there is a relationship between the duration of gadget use and the incidence of insomnia in adolescents at Betzata ABD Leilem Junior High School.

Background : One of the most prominent negative impacts in patients with kidney failure undergoing hemodialysis is fatigue. Breathing and range of motion exercises are therapies that can be applied to reduce fatigue in patients with chronic kidney failure. Objective: to provide breathing and range of motion exercise interventions in patients with chronic renal failure. Method: used in this study is a case study. Assessment of Mrs. S conducted for 3 consecutive days. Results: After the intervention for 3 days, the results showed that the level of fatigue and anxiety in Mrs. S decreased. Conclusions and suggestions: The interventions given have an effect on reducing the level of anxiety and fatigue of patients. It is expected that nurses can provide optimal nursing care to patients with chronic kidney failure to improve the quality of life of patients.

Opioids have sedative properties and can lessen intraoperative nausea and vomiting (IONV), even if they may cause nausea and vomiting. The current work was aimed to evaluate the effect of anxiolytic dose of midazolam on Incidence of intraoperative nausea and vomiting during spinal cesarean section. The study was conducted from October 2023 to April 2024 with approval from the research and ethics committees of the university. once an informed consent form has been signed, full-term (90) pregnant participants were included, and scheduled for cesarean section (CS) under spinal anesthesia at Al-Shifa Private Hospital in Baqubah, Diyala. Data from all participants were analyzed. demographic data was non-significant (P?0.05) variance in the experimental group compared with the control group. The mean blood pressure in both groups, as it was measured every 10 minutes, starting from 0 to 40 minutes of the operation, and there were no significant (P?0.05) variance between the two groups. The findings showed that the 27 (60%) cases of Nausea and vomiting in the control group, which revealed a significant (P?0.05) variance compared with the medazolam group, if the number of cases was 8 (17.8%). We conclude that the incidence of intraoperative nausea and vomiting during cesarean sections performed under spinal anesthesia is significantly influenced by the dosage of anxiolytic drugs.

SA survey by the Indonesian Ministry of Health found that 25% of fracture sufferers died, 45% experienced physical disabilities, 15% experienced psychological stress due to anxiety and even depression and 10% recovered well. Both open and closed fractures will affect nerve fibers which can cause pain and discomfort. Efforts that can be made to reduce pain in fracture patients are with one of the non-pharmacological techniques, namely guided imagination. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of guided imagination on reducing pain intensity in fracture patients at Bumiayu Hospital 2024. The type of research is Quasi Experiment research with a One Group Pre-test Post-test design. The population in this study were all fracture patients at Bumiayu Regional Hospital in the period 4 March - 2 April 2024, totaling 52 people and the sample was taken using a purposive sampling method, namely 35 people. Data collection used a numerical scale research instrument sheet or The Pain Numerical Rating Scale (PNRS). The data analysis used is univariate and bivariate analysis. The results of this study show that statistical analysis showed that the difference in average pain intensity in fracture patients before guided imagination was 6.83 and after guided imagination was 3.46 with a probability value of (p=0.000), so Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted, meaning that guided imagination had an effect on reducing the intensity. pain in fracture patients. In conclusion, there is an effect of providing guided imagery on pain intensity in fracture patients at Bumiayu Regional Hospital in 2024.

The background to this research is that effective integration of interpersonal communication, motivation and attitudes can strengthen the implementation of patient safety in the health service environment, especially in inpatient settings. The aim of this research is to analyze whether there is an influence of Interpersonal Communication, Motivation and Attitude on the implementation of Patient Safety. The stages of achievement in this research include several stages of observation, sample determination, using a cross sectional approach using a questionnaire and data processing using a data analysis method using multiple linear regression tests. This research method is collecting primary data by giving questionnaires to all nurses who are directly involved in efforts to provide services to all patients at Jati Husada Karanganyar General Hospital with a cross sectional design, the sample size is 69 nurses. The research data was then tested for linear regression at a significance level of 0.005. The results of this research are that the level of understanding and implementation of patient safety in the Jati Husada Karanganyar Hospital inpatient is good, which is 89.7% for the level of understanding (interpersonal communication, motivation and attitude), on the variables of Interpersonal Communication, Motivation and Attitude simultaneously. has a significant effect on the implementation of patient safety in the Jati Husada Karanganyar Hospital, which means that the higher the value of interpersonal communication, motivation and attitude, the more disciplined the nurses are in carrying out patient safety procedures, the variables Interpersonal Communication, motivation and attitude have a significant effect on the implementation of patient safety in Inpatient care at Jati Husada Karanganyar Hospital, where the influence is positive, which means that the better the nurse's attitude in implementing patient safety procedures, the higher the level of patient safety implementation. 

Achievement of Complete Basic Immunization (IDL) in eleven Indonesian provinces in 2022 is still below the national target of 90%. The eleven provinces in question are West Sulawesi, Southeast Sulawesi, Maluku, East Nusa Tenggara, North Kalimantan, Riau, West Kalimantan, West Papua, West Sumatra, Papua and Aceh.The type of research used in this research is descriptive observational research. The data used in this study is secondary data, namely monthly reports on the results of routine immunizations for babies. It was found that the majority of basic immunization coverage for babies born in January 2022 was higher than for babies born in January 2023. Coverage for basic immunization types for babies was highest in 2022. (73.3%) was obtained from Hepatitis B, BCG, and Polio 1 immunization. The highest coverage of basic types of infant immunization in 2023 was obtained from Hepatitis B immunization (73.3%). Hepatitis B immunization received a high score for babies born in January 2022. Coverage of basic immunization types for babies born in January 2022 for types DPT-HB-Hib 1, 2, 3, Polio 2, 3, 4, received 36.7% -73, 3%, and Measles-Rubella got 33.3%. The frequency of immunization against PVC-1 (23.3%), RV-1 (6.7%), and IPV-1 (13.3%) is still low due to not visiting posyandu and giving immunizations past the immunization deadline. The average value of basic immunization coverage for babies born in January 2023 (10%) is lower than babies born in January 2022 (43.3%) with a difference of 33.3%.

It is important to carry out this research because it is related to the theme of digital parenting, child care carried out by parents, especially in the use of information technology (gadgets/devices). This research uses qualitative methods with literature review techniques with the results of discussing 34 research article publications that are relevant to this research. The research results show the role of parents in The application of digital parenting in the current era of society 5.0 requires extra effort. In terms of implementation digital parenting, not only parents required to be able to understand things about advances in information technology, however On the other hand, parents are also required to serve as a good example in operating the device digital . In the era of Industrial Revolution 5.0, digital parenting faces several unique challenges related to technological advances and social change, continuous technological updates, technology develops quickly and new devices and applications are introduced frequently.

Food management at the Melati Perbaungan hospital's nutritional installation has not gone well, menu planning has not run optimally. The vendor's delivery of food ingredients is not on time. The taste and texture of the food is still lacking. The material received is not suitable. Food storage areas do not meet standards. The aim of this research is to determine menu planning, procurement of food ingredients, receipt of food ingredients, storage of food ingredients and processing of food ingredients in the Nutrition Installation of Melati Perbaungan Hospital. This research was conducted using a descriptive research design with a qualitative approach. There were 5 research informants, namely the Main Informant consisting of the Head of the Nutrition Installation and the Person in Charge of the Cook, and the Supporting Informant consisting of the Waiter. The conclusion of the research is that the administration of food in the Nutrition Installation is still not in accordance with the steps or guidelines issued by the Indonesian Ministry of Health, there are still obstacles in the administration of patient food, for this reason it is recommended that the Nutrition Installation pay more attention and be more careful in paying attention to the food administration process in order to obtain good results and more guaranteed quality of patient food.

The implementation of digital health insurance systems represents a pivotal shift in healthcare management globally, aiming to streamline processes, enhance accessibility, and mitigate financial barriers to healthcare services. This study investigates the impact of digital health insurance on health expenditure and health security in Bangladesh, a country striving to improve its healthcare infrastructure and financial accessibility. However, in Bangladesh health insurance does not exist and people has to bear all treatment cost alone. The insurer in development countries is changing its role toward a more preventive and connected approach. Connected or digital health insurance has the potential to contribute toward better health and the general well-being of the population. Digital technologies are evolving and innovative applications are transforming the medical and health insurance sector. New technologies like wearable, mobile platforms and IoT base health monitoring systems can help to deal with several critical issues of the rising number of people, patients with chronic disease, and aging people, the insurer can help them to be healthier and protect them by insurance coverage. This study aims to look at the innovation of Health insurers and how they include themselves in the health ecosystem that adds value for the insured and patients globally, and can proposed a model that can introduce in Bangladesh.

Pregnant mothers are one of the groups vulnerable to malnutrition, as there is an increased nutritional need to meet the needs of the mother and the conceived fetus. During pregnancy, the benefits of taking iron tablets or Fe regularly can increase Hb levels so that pregnant mothers do not subsequently have anaemia and can prevent the occurrence of bleeding at the time of delivery, but there are still many pregnant women who are irregular in taking iron pills up to at least 90 tablets. Objective: This study aims to find out the link between regular consumption of iron tablets and the incidence of anaemia in pregnant women in the village of Margorejo. Methods: The type of surveillance used is analytical observational with a Crosectional approach. The population in this study is a pregnant woman of the third trimester in the village of Margorejo. The sample was taken using a saturated sampling method of 30 respondents. The data analysis used is a know-control correlation test. Results: Research results show that the correlation value is 0.541 and the p-value is 0.015 with a significant value of ? 0.05. Conclusion: there is a link between regular consumption of iron tablets and anaemia in pregnant mothers

Human resource management that has been applied in the management of the Islamic Malahayati Hospital is very good so that the Islamic Malahayati Hospital gets a different assessment compared to other hospitals in Medan which implemented the integrated ISO 9001;2008 management system. This study aims to determine how the existing resource management in the Islamic Malahayati Hospital. This type of research is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional study approach. The population in this study were all nurses at Islamic Malahayati  Hospital as many as 190 civil servant nurses with a sample of 129 people. The sampling technique in this study used proportional random sampling. Data analysis was performed by univariate, bivariate with chi-square test and multivariate analysis with logistic regression. There is a relationship between recruitment and selection (p-value = 0.000), training and promotion (p- value 0.000), job appraisal, and salary management (p values = 0.000), with the performance of nurses at the Islamic Malahayati Hospital. Promotion and training have the greatest relationship with nurse performance with an OR value of 15,934. It is recommended to the hospital to increase the training and promotion of health workers, especially by involving more employees, in this case, nurses in training activities or increasing their capacity, and it is necessary to have a promotion or increase in positions that are in accordance with the work of nurses so that nurses are more active and more motivated in improving their performance while working in the hospital.
 
 

Cancer is a non-communicable disease characterized by the presence of abnormal cells/tissues that are malignant, grow quickly and uncontrollably and can spread to other places in the patient's body. Cancer cells are malignant and can invade and damage the function of the tissue. Digestive cancer, also called gastrointestinal cancer, attacks the organs of the digestive system. Digestive cancer also includes gastrointestinal cancer, liver cancer, stomach cancer, colorectal cancer, and pancreatic cancer. Risk factors for digestive cancers are varied because many different organs can be affected. Some factors that contribute to cancer throughout the digestive system include age, heavy drinking (alcohol), smoking, and diabetes sufferers. This type of liver cancer is cancer that grows in liver cells. Liver cancer is a type of cancer that ranks second as the cancer that causes the most deaths in the world. Gastric cancer is a group of malignant diseases that have multifactorial causes, namely genetic, lifestyle and environmental factors. The symptoms caused by stomach cancer are initially not as typical as the symptoms of general digestive complaints. The diagnosis of colorectal cancer can be carried out in stages, including through an appropriate history, physical examination, and supporting examinations in the form of laboratory examinations, both from clinical laboratories and anatomical pathology laboratories. The etiology of colorectal cancer is currently still unknown. Symptoms of colorectal cancer are varied and non-specific. The main complaints of patients with colorectal cancer relate to the size and location of the tumor. Tumors in the right colon, where the contents of the colon are fluid, tend to remain hidden until they are very advanced.

Background: Telemedicine is a long-distance health service carried out by health professionals using information and communication technology, and this is also expected to include the exchange of information for diagnosis, treatment, prevention of injury and research as well as evaluation of education. Research objective: is to determine the analysis of the level of community satisfaction with the implementation of the Telemedicine technology health service application (Mobile JKN) in Sanggrahan Village. The specific objective of this research is to find out: To determine the percentage of community satisfaction and dissatisfaction with the implementation of the telemedicine technology health service application ( Mobile JKN) in Sanggrahan Village. To find out the percentage of good or bad implementation of the Telemedicine technology health service application (Mobile JKN) in Sanggrahan Village. Method: This research is quantitative research with a survey approach. This research aims to collect numerical data to measure an analysis of the level of community satisfaction with the implementation of the Telemedicine technology health service application (Mobile JKN) in Sanggrahan Village. Results: Based on data analysis and discussion, the results of the research can be stated. It can be seen from the values ??presented, the researcher found that good service quality will provide satisfaction for users. Conclusion: An overview of the level of community satisfaction in Sanggrahan Village is high for 50 respondents (100% ).The description of the implementation of the Mobile JKN application in Sanggrahan Village is mostly high with 40 respondents (80%). There is a relationship between community satisfaction with the implementation of the telemedicine technology health service application (Mobile JKN) in Sanggrahan Village, with a p-value of 0.000 (<0.05 ).

One thing that hospitals must consider is the performance of nurses. Performance is the achievement or result in terms of quality and quantity of an employee for their work in accordance with the directions and responsibilities given by their superiors. The aim of this research is to analyze the influence of Quality of Work Life on the Performance of Inpatient Installation Nurses at Majene Regency General Hospital. The research method uses a quantitative approach using an analytical observational design with a cross sectional approach, sampling was carried out using random sampling of 85 respondents. The population in this study were all nurses with employee status who provided services and were on duty in the Inpatient Room at Majene Regency  General Hospital, namely 134 people. The results of the research show that there is an influence on the variable quality of work life based on the work life dimension with a p value of 0.008 < 0.05, work world with a p value of 0.001 < 0.05, work context with a p value of 0.004 < 0.05, and work design with a p value 0.013<0.05. It is recommended that hospital management improve the Quality of Work Life for nurses by revising the system for distributing compensation for medical services, improving and the work environment security system.

This research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the relationship between the implementation of employee engagement, quality of work life and organizational commitment to nurses at Unand Hospital in 2023. This research was carried out at Unand Hospital throughout 2024 using a mix methods research method . This method was used. This was carried out with the aim of knowing the frequency distribution of the relationship between employee engagement, quality of work life and organizational commitment to the turnover intention of nurses at Unand Hospital and being able to explain this further through informant interviews. The research results then showed that there was a negative relationship between the employee engagement of nurses at Unand Hospital, the lower the level of turnover intention of nurses at Unand Hospital, the quality of work-life of nurses had a negative and significant effect on the turnover intention of nurses at Unand Hospital and organizational commitment had a negative and significant effect on the turnover intention of nurses at Unand Hospital. significant impact on the turnover intention of nurses at Unand Hospital. So this shows that if the implementation of employee engagement , quality of work life and organizational commitment is increasingly improved, the level of turnover intention that occurs will decrease. This was also expressed by nurses who stated their low level of turnover intention. while working at Unand Hospital due to the comfort of work, harmony with co-workers and greater career and study opportunities at Unand Hospital. So it is hoped that Unand Hospital will maintain the quality and quantity of its human resources by increasing employee engagement, quality of work life and organizational commitment so that it has an impact on the quality of service delivery to the public.

Poor fluid management among hemodialysis patients can lead to detrimental outcomes such as high Interdialytic Weight Gain (IDWG), contributing to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. While conventional education on fluid restriction exists in hospitals, non-compliance remains prevalent, highlighting the need for educational approaches grounded in self-efficacy theory to enhance patients' self-confidence in self-management. This study aimed to assess the impact of educational interventions based on self-efficacy theory on IDWG in hemodialysis patients at Malahayati Islamic Hospital. Using a quantitative quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design, the study included a total of 68 participants selected through purposive sampling. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference (p < 0.05) in IDWG scores between the intervention and control groups post-intervention, indicating the effectiveness of self-efficacy-based education in improving compliance with fluid intake restrictions among chronic kidney failure patients undergoing hemodialysis.
 
 
 

The nutritional status of students can be influenced by their knowledge of balanced nutrition. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between knowledge of balanced nutrition and the nutritional status of students at SMK SPP SNAKMA Muhammadiyah Tanjung Anom. An analytical observational method with a cross-sectional study approach was applied. The research was conducted from November 2022 to June 2023 at SMK SPP SNAKMA Muhammadiyah Tanjung Anom. The study population comprised X and XI grade students, with a sample size of 90 students selected through systematic random sampling. The relationship between variables was assessed using the Chi-Square test with ? = 0.001. The findings revealed that a significant proportion of respondents had good knowledge of balanced nutrition (67.8%) and good nutritional status (78.9%). The conclusion of this research is that there is a significant relationship between knowledge of balanced nutrition and the nutritional status of students at SMK SPP SNAKMA Muhammadiyah Tanjung Anom, with a P-value of 0.001 (P<0.05). Students are encouraged to read more books or seek journal references related to balanced nutrition to enhance their knowledge in this area.

One of the important roles of nutrition services is to improve the nutritional status of patients in hospitals so that it is hoped that this can speed up the healing process and shorten the length of stay. The aim of this research is to determine the food management system in order to fulfill patient nutrition at Malahayati Islamic Hospital. This research uses descriptive qualitative research. Data collection techniques by means of observation, interviews using recording and use of documents. Next, the data collected is analyzed. The informants for this research were 4 informants including the head of the Nutrition Installation, staff/nutrition experts and food processing officers and waiters. The sampling technique was carried out using Purposive Sampling. The research results show that the food procurement system starting from ordering and purchasing, receiving, storing and distributing food ingredients is in accordance with PGRS. And food processing starts from menu variations using a 7-day menu cycle, but food presentation and distribution needs to be monitored and evaluated in the use of PPE for waiters. Food procurement system, food processing, food distribution in accordance with PMK No. 78 concerning PGRS and food delivery system management.