The 5.0 tourism awareness campaign is a program implemented by the Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy. The campaign can run optimally if supported by the right communication strategy, one of which is cyber public relations. Cyber public relations plays an important role in disseminating campaign messages by involving the community and providing a positive image. This research aims to find out cyber public relations in the campaign by using a descriptive qualitative approach and cyber public relations theory proposed by Philps & Young (2009). The research data was obtained through primary data, namely interviews and secondary data, literature studies, observation. The results showed that the 5.0 tourism awareness campaign managed by Kemenparekraf emphasized the importance of transparency, the use of the internet, and quality content in delivering information to the public. By utilizing digital media, this campaign succeeded in raising awareness, changing attitudes, and encouraging positive public behavior towards tourism. The management of cyber public relations plays an important role in reaching a wide audience, including in remote areas, and ensuring the long-term sustainability and success of this campaign in supporting the development of sustainable tourism in Indonesia.

The film Filosofi Kopi is a literary work that raises coffee as a metaphor, symbol, and narrative element of Coffee as part of global and local culture in Indonesia. This work not only offers interesting fictional stories, but also to analyze Tiwus copies from Java, using a qualitative approach with a method of analyzing literary texts that include thematic, stylistic, and intertextual aspects. This research seeks to understand how elements that have philosophical values that describe life, struggle, and social care. The results of the analysis show that the main themes of this are struggle, care and social interaction, which is reflected through a cup of coffee between the characters. Coffee is often presented as a representation of human relations, existence describes the daily dynamics in society, which connects existentialism, harmony, and reflection in life in a literary work. Presenting a diversity of meanings, starting from simple life symbols and human relationships. This research contributes to a deep understanding of how a cup of coffee can be raised into a theme and title that contains rich meaning and significance in the study of a literature

Sexual violence against children is a crucial issue in Indonesia, with the number of cases continuing to increase. This research evaluates the effectiveness of legal protection based on Law no. 35 of 2014 and Law no. 23 of 2004. Data for 2024 shows an increase in cases of child sexual violence by 15% from the previous year, with a total of 4,500 cases. The main obstacles in implementing legal protection include a lack of special training for law enforcers, limited budgets, weak inter-agency coordination, and social stigma that inhibits reporting. Comprehensive psychosocial support, such as therapy and rehabilitation, has proven crucial for victims' recovery. Suggestions for improving legal protection include increasing training, better budget allocation, improving institutional coordination, reducing social stigma, and strengthening the role of communities and non-governmental organizations. With these steps, it is hoped that legal protections can be strengthened, ensuring children grow up in a safe and supportive environment.

Etymologically, Masjid comes from the word “??????” (Sajada), in Arabic meaning “prostration” or “submission” to Allah Swt, this word reflects the act of prostration, which is putting the forehead, hands, knees, and feet to the ground in respect and obedience. Historically, the term Masjid is also found in inscriptions from the 5th century BC as Masgid, meaning “Sacred Pillar” or “Place of Worship”. Thus, the Masjid has a deep meaning related to worship and devotion to God in Islam. One of the mosques that is often used as a center of religious studies for Gen-Z is the Al Lathif Mosque located on Jalan Saninten No. 2 Cihapit, Bandung Wetan District, Bandung City, West Java 40114, the form of studies conducted at the Al Lathif Mosque by labeling the study with a name that is easily accepted by Gen-Z, namely Tongkrongan Rohani Anak Muda. The purpose of writing this article is to find out and explain the role of Al Lathif Mosque as a center of religious studies for Gen-Z. This research uses the Questionnaire Method, this method is used to see how much Gen-Z people know and like the studies held at the Al Lathif Mosque.

This article aims to discuss the urgency of regulation related to anti-dumping import duties on Chinese imported products in Indonesia resulting in losses for the domestic ceramic industry due to dumping actions carried out by Chinese ceramic importers to Indonesia. Regarding the actions taken by China, including dumping, it can be subject to anti-dumping import duties as stipulated in Law Number 17 of 2006 concerning Amendments to Law Number 10 of 1995 concerning Customs, Government Regulation Number 34 of 2011 concerning Anti-Dumping, Reward Measures, and Trade Security Measures, and Law Number 7 of 2014 concerning Trade. The rules listed are an effort to stop losses for the domestic ceramic industry and new legal products must be immediately presented in the Ministerial Regulation, especially the Minister of Finance and the Minister of Trade so that there is legal certainty.

Money Laundering Crimes can be damaging for the finance, the provision written in The Law Number 8 of 2010 concerning the Prevention and Eradication of Money Laundering. History of this crime came from “dirty money” or “illicit money”. Basically, the motive for the occurrence of money laundering comes from money resulting from criminal acts previously, as explained in Article 2 paragraph (1) of Law Number 8 of 2010 concerning the Prevention and Eradication of Money Laundering Crimes. The purpose of this research is to knowing The Magistrate Authority in order to do Reverse Burden in Money Laundering criminal cases. Using qualitative research methods and normative legal research. Using Normative Legal Research and employing Qualitative Research Methods. The Criminal Justice Process according to Procedure Code.

The Communication and Information Service (Diskominfo) has a strategic role in building a positive image of local government agencies. This literature review research aims to analyze the role and strategy of public relations of the Serang City Diskominfo in building an organizational image. The research method uses a descriptive qualitative approach with literature study techniques through the collection and analysis of scientific literature from journals, reference books, and relevant official documents. The study focuses on the concepts of public relations, image management, and communication of government organizations. The results of the study show that the role of public relations of the Serang City Diskominfo includes the functions of internal and external communication, information management, and the formation of public perception. The main strategies used include the development of communication media, periodic publication programs, and persuasive approaches to build public trust. The study concluded that the success of building the image of the agency

Incest is a sexual relationship carried out by two people who are still related by blood or marriage. Incest is described as an incident of sexual intercourse; between individuals who are related by blood, but the term was eventually used more broadly, namely to describe the sexual relationship between father and child, between siblings. Incest is a forbidden act in almost every cultural environment. The main problems in this thesis are: (1) What is the resolution process in providing customary sanctions for acts of la'a sala (incest) in Ulu Belu Village, Golewa District, Ngada Regency? (2) What are the obstacles faced in providing customary sanctions for acts of la'a sala (incest) in Ulu Belu Village, Golewa District, Ngada Regency? This research is empirical normative research, so the data sources used are primary data sources, secondary data and tertiary data. Primary data was obtained from interviews, secondary data was obtained from libraries, journals and the internet, and tertiary data was obtained from dictionaries, Wikipedia and encyclopedias. Data were analyzed descriptively-qualitatively. The results of this research show that (1) The process of resolving cases of granting customary sanctions for acts of la'a sala (incest) was carried out in a non-litigation manner which was accommodated and chaired directly by Mosa and the traditional leader in Ulu Belu village in accordance with the customary rules. applies. (2) the obstacles faced in providing customary sanctions for acts of la'a sala (incest) are external obstacles and internal obstacles.

The plan for the construction of the Kra Canal has emerged since 1977, initiated by King Narai. The Kra Canal will connect the Gulf of Thailand and the Andaman Sea, making it an alternative to the congested and vulnerable Strait of Malacca. Despite its great potential and benefits and having been planned for a long time, the canal has yet to be built. This paper aims to discuss the reasons behind the difficulties in constructing the Kra Canal. The method used in this paper is qualitative descriptive by conducting library research. The theories applied are Security Dilemma and Maritime Diplomacy. The data used are secondary data sourced from books, journals, credible official news, and relevant trustworthy websites. The findings indicate that there are complex geopolitical and economic aspects. Major challenges include high costs, risks of damage, environmental concerns, and Thailand’s unstable internal political situation. The presence of the Kra Canal has the potential to complicate the security situation in the Southeast Asian region with the involvement of major powers such as China, India, and the United States.

This research aims to understand how to optimize the impact of misunderstandings. The study uses the literature review method by investigating 12 journal articles published between 2017 and 2024. The study aims to analyze the forms of misunderstandings in regional languages, as well as differences in public opinion in regional language, and the impact of their differences so as to find ways to optimize the misunderstanding of local languages. The results of this study showed some forms of misunderstanding in the use of regional languages, such as pronunciation, logarithm, and interregional tone of speech. In research, it was found that character differences in speech, such as a loud and fast tone, can increase the likelihood of misunderstanding when two people from different areas speak.

Da'wah comes from the Arabic language,” ???, ????, ????”  which means "to call" or "to invite." Da'wah itself is an activity carried out by Muslims to spread the teachings of Islam to others. This activity aims to invite others to understand, accept, and practice Islamic teachings in their daily lives. Da'wah can be conducted through various means, such as lectures, sermons, religious studies, discussions, and via social media or written materials. In delivering da'wah in the environment of Al-Asy'ari Mosque at Universitas Islam Bandung (Unisba), the role of   Indonesian language as the national language has a strategic role in conveying effective and widely accepted da'wah messages within the campus community. Through a qualitative descriptive approach, this research was conducted through media observations and the distribution of questionnaires to students. The role of Indonesian language in delivering da'wah at Al-Asy'ari Mosque is evident as its usage is prevalent in every event, such as sermons, lectures, studies, and more. Indonesian language also serves as a tool to facilitate communication among students from diverse backgrounds and as an effective medium for conveying da'wah messages.

The existence of law within a state is one of the fundamental aspects and not merely a formality of the state. Law has a very significant function and influence, both in creating justice, order, protection of human rights, and welfare. Indonesia is one of the countries that has legal pluralism, namely customary law, Islamic law, and national law. These three legal systems are important components in every agenda for the formulation and creation of laws in Indonesia. The tendency of legal characteristics includes regulating societal behavior, being coercive and binding, containing prohibitions and commands. Its purpose is to regulate behavior and relationships among humans. Thus, justice, harmony, and social order are created.

This paper discusses the impact of the Sudanese refugee crisis on security stability in the Chad border region. The conflict between the Sudanese Armed Forces and Rapid Support Forces since April 2023 has triggered a massive wave of refugees, making Chad one of the main recipient countries. Using a regional security complex theory approach, this paper shows that the flow of refugees not only creates social and economic pressures, but also magnifies security risks such as infiltration of armed groups, tensions between communities, and weak control in the border region. Through document analysis, the paper highlights how Chad's capacity constraints exacerbate the situation, as well as the need for a long-term response involving cross-actor coordination and sustained international support.

The establishment of Village-Owned Enterprises is a way to innovate in improving village development, especially in the economic sektor. The reality is that many villages are not ready to manage and even develop BUMDes. This research aims to find out how the development strategy carried out by BUMDes Mitra Karya Sejahtera as one of the BUMDes with developing status in Bintan Regency. The type of research used is descriptive research with a qualitative approach. Then the data collection technique was carried out by interview, documentation and observation.The results show that this BUMDes does not have a clear mechanism in identifying problems, and problems are often handled traditionally through deliberation. The main obstacles in the development of BUMDes business units include the impact of the Covid-19 pandemik, limited capital, and less strategic business locations. While development strategies such as legal entity registration and organizing events have been proposed, implementation has not been optimal. BUMDes have made efforts to realize the strategies, including capital strengthening, HR training, and expansion of business units. However, the impact of these efforts is still not maximized due to limitations in implementation and unsustainable activities. Effective monitoring and evaluation have also not been implemented, given that evaluations are conducted informally and unscheduled.

The criminal act committed by the perpetrator of premeditated murder is a very heinous act, because the perpetrator has the heart to kill for certain reasons even though he committed an act that is against the law. Criminal liability for the perpetrators of murder, especially premeditated murder, must be enforced. The problem in this study is how to regulate premeditated murder in Indonesia, the factors that cause the crime of premeditated murder and criminal liability for the perpetrators in the crime of premeditated murder. This study uses a normative juridical research method that collects literature data, namely laws and regulations, law books, judges' decisions, mass media and scientific journals related to the problems discussed in this thesis. The results of the research and discussion in this study are regarding the regulation of premeditated murder in Indonesia, which is listed in article 340 of the Criminal Code, the factors that cause premeditated murder are the revenge factor, personal factor, (mental disorder) situational factor, opportunity factor, willingness factor and criminal liability for the perpetrator in the crime of premeditated murder by looking at the elements of the act of resisting or violating law, the willingness of the defendant to be responsible, the element of guilt, the absence of justifying reasons and the reason for forgiveness are punished with the threat of the death penalty or life imprisonment or a maximum penalty of twenty years.

Occupational health and safety (OHS) is a crucial aspect that must be addressed by companies to protect employees from the risks of accidents and health issues in the workplace. This study aims to examine the legal responsibilities of companies regarding the implementation of OHS and to explore the challenges they face in fulfilling these obligations. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, by collecting data through literature studies and in-depth interviews with relevant parties. The results show that companies generally have a good understanding of their legal obligations related to OHS, which is reflected in policies and routine training provided to employees. However, the implementation still faces several obstacles such as limited facilities, lack of supervision, and low work discipline, all of which affect the effectiveness of OHS practices. Legally, the regulations governing OHS are adequate, but law enforcement and monitoring must be improved to ensure that companies fulfill their responsibilities optimally. Furthermore, the social and ethical dimensions are also essential in building a safety culture that supports employee well-being and business continuity. In conclusion, the legal responsibility of companies for OHS must be implemented comprehensively and sustainably to ensure a safe and productive work environment.

This research aims to find out “Implementation of Waspada Online Media in Communicating Educational News (Case Study: Waspada Medan City Office)”. The method in this study uses qualitative methods with the form of dataresearch(field research). The results of this study are that 1. The role of alert online media in communicating educational news, it can be concluded that Waspada Daily uses marketing communications such as advertising, sales promotion, public relations, personal selling and direct marketing. 2. Waspada Daily prioritizes establishing good relations with consumers and the community in facing competition with online media. 3. Facing the development of journalism in the digital era like today. This issue is interesting considering that repeatedly world journalism experts predict the death of print mass media every time the onslaught of technological developments occurs from time to time. In the digital age, people who need certain information from all over the world can simply search for it on search engines connected to the internet network anytime and anywhere with sophisticated equipment that is currently growing rapidly.

Protecting the rights, rights and interests of the people has an important role of the government. To prevent the increasing number and development of land conflicts in the community, it is very necessary to make sure solutions, for example, in order to meet the needs of the community which are usually used for housing, livelihoods, and daily needs, it should provide legal protection for land rights, and especially land ownership rights that are widely owned by the community. From the description above, the certificate of ownership of land is very important to maintain its existence, but until now there are still applications for replacement certificates because they are lost and damaged, so the author is interested in studying more deeply about the responsibility of the BPN in the West Kotawaringin Regency area for the issuance of replacement certificates. The author uses this type of empirical legal research. The data analysis technique is carried out in a descriptive, qualitative manner, namely by giving a detailed and in-depth presentation and explanation and for data collection by looking for data and information in relevant locations related to the research topic by interviews, library studies, and the internet.

This study discusses the comparison of criminal law related to sexual violence in Indonesia and Singapore, focusing on the legal framework, definition and types of sexual violence, law enforcement process, and sanctions and punishments. In Indonesia, criminal law on sexual violence is regulated through Law No. 12 of 2022 concerning the Crime of Sexual Violence (UU TPKS) and the Criminal Code (KUHP), which covers various forms of sexual violence. Singapore uses the Penal Code and the Women's Charter as the legal basis, with additional protection for children through the Children and Young Persons Act (CYPA). This study found that Indonesia has a broader and more comprehensive definition of sexual violence than Singapore, which tends to be more specific. The law enforcement process in both countries involves reporting, investigation by the police, and the courts, but Singapore has a special unit that handles sexual crimes with a more focused focus. Sanctions and punishments in Singapore tend to be heavier, including caning, while in Indonesia, punishments vary depending on the type of sexual violence. The research method applied in this study is the normative legal method, which focuses on the analysis of laws and regulations, legal documents, and legal concepts relevant to a legal problem. The approach used is a conceptual approach, which prioritizes analysis from a problem-solving perspective. This approach involves understanding the legal concepts that underlie or form the background of the problem, as well as considering the values ??contained in the normative of a regulation related to these concepts.

Labour law reform in Indonesia is a strategic step to create welfare for workers in the face of the challenges of globalization and an ever-evolving labour market. With the fast-paced changes in the work environment, along with globalization and technological advancements, it is important to make regulatory adjustments that can effectively protect workers' rights while also considering the needs of employers. This research takes a closer look at the importance of labor law reform in Indonesia, particularly focusing on improving workers' welfare. We use normative legal research methods with statutory and conceptual approaches.  The data we collected included relevant laws regarding labor, legal literature, and official documents.  The results show that several aspects of labor law in Indonesia still need to be reformed, including the wage system, social security, protection of contract and outsourced workers, and industrial relations dispute resolution mechanisms. We hope that these reforms will pave the way for a more equitable, responsive and adaptable labor law system that can truly improve workers' welfare in a sustainable manner

The transformation of the modern labor market has posed significant challenges for young people, particularly in the form of career uncertainty, excessive work flexibility, and the mismatch between education and labor market demands. This study aims to explore how Indonesian youth respond to these conditions through the lens of ambivalence and resilience theories by Colombo & Rebughini. The research uses a qualitative method with in-depth interviews involving two university graduates working in fields unrelated to their academic backgrounds. The findings reveal that the lack of job stability, economic pressure, and educational mismatch drive young people to develop various adaptive strategies. These include personal resilience such as introspection and optimism, as well as social resilience supported by family and peer networks. Furthermore, the meaning of work among youth is shifting—not merely as a source of income, but as a space for self-actualization, skill relevance, and psychological comfort. This is consistent with previous studies in SINTA-indexed journals, which emphasize that Indonesian youth today are redefining success and meaningful work within an increasingly ambivalent social landscape. The study concludes that youth are not merely passive victims of economic uncertainty but are also active agents in constructing their own narratives of work and life. Therefore, it is essential for educational institutions, industries, and the state to provide adaptive environments that allow youth to grow sustainably within a dynamic labor ecosystem.

This research aims to explore how cybercrime occurs in Indonesia and the government's efforts to tackle it. By understanding the various incidents that occur and the factors that cause them, it is hoped that this research can contribute to the development of policies and prevention strategies that are more effective in dealing with cybercrime threats.  The research method used is descriptive qualitative research with a normative juridical approach. Qualitative descriptive research with a normative juridical approach is research that tries to describe an event or incident that occurs directly, real, realistic, actual in the existing rules. The results and discussion of this research show that cybercrime, especially data theft and hacking of government websites, is a serious problem that requires immediate attention and action. With the right measures, it is hoped that Indonesia can reduce cybercrime incidents and improve overall cybersecurity. Overall, the results of this study provide a comprehensive overview of the challenges Indonesia faces in dealing with cybercrime threats as well as the steps that need to be taken to improve cybersecurity in the country.

With the existence of social media, the distribution of public service advertisement videos has become easier. However, the rampant cases of phishing in society lately have the potential to harm users of online banking services. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of exposure to public service advertisements on the attitudes of Twitter / X users. This study uses a quantitative approach. The choice of research method that will be used is the quantitative causality method. This study will use X / Twitter users who have watched the public service advertisement video "Don't Know? Kasih No!" by Bank Central Indonesia. The results of this study are that the variables product / message thoughts, source oriented thoughts, and ad execution thoughts simultaneously have a positive and significant influence on the formation of attitudes of Twitter / X users. It can be concluded that these three variables help in the process of receiving messages and forming audience attitudes when watching the public service advertisement video "Don't Know? Kasih No!"

The Child Identity Card (KIA) policy is one of the policies that has been issued by the government in accordance with Minister of Home Affairs Regulation Number 2 of 2016. The policy regarding child identity cards (KIA) started in 2016 in each Regency/City, while the implementation of this policy is implemented in Karimun Regency itself started in May 2018. In its implementation there were several problems that emerged where there were still many children under the age of 17 who still did not have a child identity card (KIA), of course this was not in line with the number of children in Karimun Regency which each year is increasing. The aim of this research is to determine the implementation of the child identity card (KIA) policy and to find out what are the inhibiting factors. The research method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive method. The data collection techniques used were observation, interviews and documentation. This research uses the main theory of Edward III, seen from 4 variable indicators that can influence the implementation of a policy. The results of the research show that the implementation of the child identity card (KIA) policy by the Population and Civil Registration Service of Karimun Regency, when viewed from the communication aspect, has run optimally. Judging from the aspect of resources, it is quite competent, and in terms of quality it is adequate. Judging from the disposition aspect, the officers/employees uphold high enthusiasm in implementing policies and carrying out their assigned tasks. Then, if we look at the bureaucratic structure aspect, officers/employees can always manage well in collaborating with each other. The inhibiting factor in this research is that the availability of budget to finance blanks is still relatively lacking, many applicants for child identity cards (KIA) have not yet completed the requirements, so this makes it difficult for officers/employees to process them.

Da'wah, as explained in the Qur'an, is an effort to invite individuals or groups, as well as the wider community, to embrace and apply Islamic teachings in daily life. This process is carried out in a sustainable and gradual manner, with the aim of internalizing, transmitting, and transforming the messages of Islamic teachings. This da'wah aims to direct humanity to goodness (al-khair), encourage good deeds (al-ma'ruf), and prevent bad actions (mungkar), so that they can achieve happiness in this world and the hereafter. The data used in this study were obtained through the author's observation of the YouTube account Noice (Different But Together). This article focuses on the implementation of da'wah activities on YouTube, as well as the oral and visual expressions used in these activities. The main methods applied by Habib Husein Jafar al-Hadar in his da'wah include emphasizing the themes of love, peace, and tolerance, using language that appeals to the younger generation, collaborating with popular YouTubers among young people, and delivering easy-to-understand da'wah material. Based on these findings, this article concludes that Habib Husein Jafar al-Hadar's da'wah activities have succeeded in attracting the attention of the current generation who often access YouTube, thus increasing the chances of da'wah collaboration to be well received.

Maritime security is a strategic issue in Southeast Asia due to the high dependence of ASEAN countries on sea lanes for trade and regional stability. This study aims to analyze Indonesia's role in strengthening maritime security cooperation in ASEAN. The methods used are literature studies and analysis of policy documents related to ASEAN maritime cooperation and national maritime policies. The results of the study show that Indonesia is active in various regional forums such as the ASEAN Maritime Forum (AMF) and the Expanded ASEAN Maritime Forum (EAMF), and carries the Global Maritime Fulcrum (GMF) initiative. Despite challenges such as overlapping institutional authority and limited resources, Indonesia continues to demonstrate a strong commitment to promoting maritime diplomacy, strengthening governance, and handling issues such as IUU Fishing and the South China Sea conflict. The implications of this cooperation are increased regional stability and strengthening ASEAN's position in facing the geopolitical dynamics of the Indo-Pacific.

The proud attitude of using Indonesian in daily communication is a manifestation of awareness of national identity and the importance of language as a unifying tool. In the context of globalization, Indonesian not only functions as a symbol of pride and nationalism, but also reflects the identity of a nation that is rich in cultural and linguistic diversity. As the country's official language, Indonesian has a significant role in building national unity and identity, as well as respecting existing cultural heritage. Apart from that, there are challenges and problems that can hinder the development of an attitude of being proud to speak Indonesian, such as education and differences in attitudes in various groups based on age and social background. Therefore, it is important to identify driving factors that can increase public awareness and understand existing social dynamics. Thus, this research uses a qualitative descriptive method, this research is very suitable for discussing the proud attitude of using Indonesian in everyday communication, because it can explore the nuances and complexities that exist behind this phenomenon. This research can also contribute to the development of linguistic and social theories related to identity, culture and communication. The research results can be used to enrich the literature on the relationship between language and national identity.

In the current digital era, technological advances have brought considerable changes, which can be seen in the way individuals gather information, interact, and play an active role in social life. The concept of citizenship is no longer limited to the physical world, but has expanded to the digital. In the digital sphere, everyone has rights and obligations, including maintaining communication ethics, protecting personal privacy and others, and taking part in more positive activities. As in the Islamic view, in the digital world, people must always participate and be based on sharia principles, such as honesty, responsibility, and respect for the rights of others. This study aims to examine the role of digital citizenship in the perspective of Islamic law, which uses a qualitative approach and normative analysis. The results of this study also show that there are several aspects that are influential in the digital era such as the importance of protecting personal data as part of the main objective of sharia, maintaining communication ethics by prioritizing the principles of politeness and honesty, and preventing the spread of hoax information. Islam also strongly emphasizes the importance of hate speech and bullying among virtual communities. In addition, freedom of expression in the digital sphere must be accompanied by moral responsibility to anticipate conflicts.With this understanding, Muslims are expected to contribute to creating a digital space that is safer, healthier, harmonious, and in accordance with sharia teachings

This study discusses the legal protection for contract workers in Indonesia, which has become increasingly important as the use of contract work systems grows. Although various regulations have been implemented, such as Law No. 13 of 2003 on Manpower and Government Regulation No. 35 of 2021, practice in the field shows gaps in the application of contract workers' rights. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method by gathering data from various literature studies. The results indicate that contract workers often do not receive their full rights, including fair wages, social benefits, and health insurance, due to weak oversight, a lack of understanding among workers about their rights, and non-compliance by companies with applicable regulations. This article identifies several key challenges, such as discrepancies in the interpretation of regulations between central and regional authorities, as well as companies' practices that violate legal provisions. Therefore, there is a need for enhanced supervision, increased worker awareness, and stricter law enforcement to ensure more effective protection for contract workers. The findings are expected to contribute to the development of labor policies in Indonesia that are more supportive of the welfare of contract workers.

This paper explores how climate change has contributed to the armed conflict in Darfur, Sudan, by emphasizing the human security perspective. Prolonged drought, desertification, and resource scarcity have intensified tensions between farming and pastoralist communities. Using a case study method and the Human Security framework, this study finds that ecological stress acts as a threat multiplier in conflict-prone areas. Data from IPCC, SIPRI, and UNHCR reports highlight how environmental degradation worsens structural vulnerabilities and fuels horizontal violence. The analysis shows that climate change is not only an environmental issue but also a serious security concern in fragile states. The failure of state institutions to equitably manage natural resources exacerbates the crisis. Therefore, a long-term, multi-sectoral policy response is urgently needed. Integrating climate resilience into international security strategies is essential to protect basic human rights.

Waste management is a significant issue in Indonesia, including in Indramayu Regency, with the volume of waste increasing annually, necessitating proper handling to mitigate its negative impact on health. This study focuses on waste management at Ma'had Al-Zaytun from the perspectives of Regional Regulation No. 12 of 2016 of Indramayu Regency and Islamic law. A qualitative research method was employed, utilizing observation, interviews, and document analysis, with qualitative data analysis techniques. The findings indicate that waste management at Ma'had Al-Zaytun aligns with Article 15 of the Regional Regulation by implementing waste reduction through limiting plastic use and recycling, and waste handling through sorting, collecting, transporting, and processing food waste. However, the use of open dumping and incineration methods requires further evaluation to enhance effectiveness and minimize negative impacts. From the perspective of Islamic law, waste management at Ma'had Al-Zaytun complies with the principles of Fiqh Al-Biah, which emphasize environmental preservation, pollution prevention, reducing excessive consumption through recycling, and reforestation through tree planting—reflecting a commitment to creating an eco-friendly Islamic educational environment.

The rapid development of digital technology in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution has significantly impacted Indonesia’s legal framework, particularly concerning digital privacy protection. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 as an amendment to Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik (UU ITE) in protecting digital privacy during the administration of President Joko Widodo. This research uses a normative legal method with a statutory and content analysis approach to examine digital legal policy. The findings show that, although there have been advances in regulation and law enforcement, digital privacy protection in Indonesia remains fragmented and has not fully adapted to the dynamic development of technology. The absence of a comprehensive legal framework and delays in the enactment of a dedicated data protection law are major challenges. The implications of this study highlight the urgency of formulating more progressive and holistic legal policies, along with adaptive regulations to ensure the protection of individual rights in the digital sphere.

Personal data dissemination is a new type of crime that has emerged in the digital world. The rapid development of technology has led to various innovations in data storage, one of which is through barcode technology. Although it provides convenience, this technology also opens up new gaps in cybercrime, especially the misuse and dissemination of personal data stored in barcodes. The impacts of the spread of personal data include damage to personal reputation due to the widespread dissemination of personal data on the internet, the emergence of cyber bullying and sexual harassment, personal data that has the potential to be sold, and the distress and psychological trauma experienced by victims of personal data dissemination. The purpose of this study is to analyze how law enforcement against perpetrators of abuse of the spread of personal data stored in barcodes is reviewed from the ITE Law and the PDP Law, and identify preventive efforts that can be made to prevent these crimes. This research uses a normative juridical approach method used to examine applicable legal norms related to personal data protection. With a statute approach, books, scientific journals, and the internet. The results showed that, although the ITE Law does not specifically regulate barcode technology, the protection of personal data stored in barcodes is still subject to the provisions of the ITE Law and Law Number 27 of 2022 concerning Personal Data Protection.

This study aims to find out and analyze the legal basis for considering the regulation of fine sanctions of Kupang Mayor Regulation Number 7 of 2013 concerning the health of mothers, infants and children under five and to find out and assess the effectiveness of the enforcement of Kupang Mayor Regulation Number 7 of 2013 concerning the Health of Mother, Infants and Children under five through the regulation of fine sanctions. This type of research is empirical normative research using interviews and data analysis methods that are carried out qualitatively. In this study, the author uses a type of empirical normative research or legal research that examines written law from the aspects of theory, history, philosophy, comparison, structure and composition, scope and material, general explanation of article by article, formality and binding force of a law but not binding aspects of its application or implementation. The results of the study show the legal basis for considering the regulation of fine sanctions in Kupang Mayor Regulation Number 7 of 2013 concerning the health of mothers, infants and children under five, because there are still incidents of childbirth outside health facilities in the working area of the Bakunase Health Center which can be at risk of maternal and infant mortality rates. This happens because there are still pregnant women who give birth at home because of impromptu childbirth so that childbirth does not occur in health facilities but outside health facilities or at home and childbirth is still helped by birth attendants. The risk of maternal and infant mortality can still occur. The effectiveness of the enforcement of Kupang Mayor Regulation Number 7 of 2013 concerning the Health of Mothers, Infants and Children Under Five through the regulation of fine sanctions in the working area of the Bakunase Health Center has been effective for health workers. For the public, there are still many who do not know about the Regulation of the Mayor of Kupang Number 7 of 2013 concerning the Health of Mothers, Babies and Children under five so that there are still incidents of childbirth outside health facilities and childbirth assisted by shamans. Knowledge about childbirth, attitudes and family support in this study also has an important role in determining mothers to have a safe delivery. It is suggested that new regional regulations need to be socialized to the community so that existing regulations can run effectively. An obedient society is also a basic thing so that regulations can run effectively.

The growth of the coffee shop business in Indonesia has increased very rapidly. The growth of the coffee shop business does not only occur in big cities, but has also penetrated into small cities, one of which is Serang City. The proliferation of coffee shops in Serang City requires business people to implement effective marketing communications to achieve business goals. This research analyzes the marketing communication strategies implemented by three coffee shops in Serang City, namely Kalanoia Coffee, Aish Coffee Serang City, in attracting consumer buying interest. Using a qualitative approach and descriptive method, data was collected through interviews, observation, and documentation, then analyzed with the 7P Marketing Mix concept (Product, Price, Place, Promotion, People, Process, Physical Evidence). The results showed that the three coffee shops carried out marketing communication strategies in attracting consumer buying interest. The strategy is carried out through social media as a promotional medium, providing various promo programs to attract buying interest, and collaboration with influencers to expand market reach. Although each applies a different approach according to their characteristics and target market. All three have their own uniqueness that can differentiate them from competitors.

Legal politics is used as a basic reference for someone in determining values, determining and developing law. Law is a set of rules which regulate, both in terms of the order of life of the nation and state. The legal product is born democratically through an agreement from representatives of the people who work in the legislature. The political law of regional autonomy implementation according to Law number 23 of 2014. No matter how much autonomy is given to the regions, the final responsibility will remain with the government. The development carried out by the government must of course look at the RTRW, because it is the basic reference for the development project itself. The National Strategic Project (PSN) is a program implemented by the government itself or a business entity that has a strategic nature to provide and produce an equitable development impact in order to provide an increase in community welfare and regional development.

This research examines legal protection of workers' rights in Indonesia. This study uses a qualitative and normative approach, analyzing applicable labor law. Even though Indonesia has a comprehensive legal framework, there is still a gap between regulation and implementation. This research identifies three main aspects of legal protection: economic, social, and technical. This study also found barriers to implementation, including regulatory factors, culture and company capabilities. This research recommends the government's active role in improving regulations, supervision and law enforcement, as well as building awareness of all parties regarding the responsibilities and roles of individuals in building harmonious and just industrial relations

This paper examines the military cooperation between Brunei Darussalam and the United Kingdom, as well as its impact on regional stability in Southeast Asia, focusing on Brunei's non-alignment strategy as a small state. Using a descriptive analytic method based on a literature review, this paper explores descriptive data on the dynamics of Brunei's foreign policy strategy in building bilateral relations, the role of the UK post-Brexit through the Global Britain strategy in strengthening bilateral relations with ASEAN member countries, and the implementation of Brunei and British military cooperation in maintaining regional security stability through the presence of British Forces Brunei since 1963. This is supported by historical ties and the Garrison Agreement to strengthen the security of the country and the region without confrontation. Therefore, this paper shows that Brunei has managed to balance military cooperation with the UK and economic cooperation with China in the midst of great power rivalries and tensions over the South China Sea dispute, as well as its implications for regional stability.

This study examines citizenship as a constitutional right in Indonesia, focusing on the foundational principles of citizenship, the roles of state institutions, challenges in the enforcement of rights, and relevant case studies. The research employs a doctrinal legal methodology with a normative approach, incorporating legislative, case law, conceptual, historical, and comparative perspectives. Data is collected from primary, secondary, and tertiary legal sources through a literature review. The analysis reveals that the foundational principles of citizenship are enshrined in the 1945 Constitution of Indonesia (UUD 1945), which includes the right to participate in government, the right to decent work, and other social rights. State institutions such as the President, the People's Consultative Assembly (DPR), and the judiciary play crucial roles in the enforcement of constitutional rights. However, several challenges persist, including human rights violations, injustices within the legal system, and barriers to political participation. Case studies related to administrative issues in the 2024 elections, human rights violations in Papua, and the controversy surrounding the Omnibus Law on Job Creation illustrate practical issues in the implementation of constitutional rights.

Southeast Asia, as a strategic region connecting two of the world's major oceans, faces a range of maritime security challenges, both traditional, such as territorial disputes in the South China Sea, and non-traditional, such as piracy, human trafficking, and illegal fishing. This article discusses maritime security strategies in the region, with a primary focus on maritime diplomacy cooperation under the ASEAN framework. Using maritime security theory, maritime diplomacy, and a literature analysis, the article examines the effectiveness of ASEAN's regional cooperation in addressing the complexities of maritime threats in Southeast Asia. The study's findings indicate that although challenges such as strong nationalism and geopolitical disputes still hinder collaboration, ASEAN has made progress in building more structured cooperation mechanisms. The article emphasizes that strengthening maritime diplomacy between countries, as well as with global actors, is an effective step to ensure stability, security, and sustainability in Southeast Asia's maritime domain.

URBN Kopi is one of the mobile coffee brands strategically located in front of the UPN Veteran Jatim campus, making it the main choice for students to enjoy coffee. This study identified three main factors that influence purchasing decisions, namely location, price, and product completeness. This study was conducted using an in-depth interview method with five informants consisting of active students at UPN “Veteran” Jatim. The findings of this study indicate that a strategic location in front of the campus is the main factor that facilitates student access to buy coffee, while affordable prices are an important consideration because they are in accordance with students' budgets. In addition, the completeness of the products offered by URBN Kopi also increases consumer interest in choosing this product. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the combination of a strategic location and affordable prices play an important role in purchasing decisions, which in turn has the potential to increase consumer loyalty and repurchase interest among students.

As the ideological and philosophical basis of the Indonesian state, Pancasila plays an important role in the formation of national laws and regulations. This journal examines three main aspects of the function of Pancasila in law. First, Pancasila serves as a normative framework to ensure that laws are in accordance with basic values such as justice, humanity, and unity. Second, Pancasila strengthens legal legitimacy and political consensus in the midst of modern political dynamics that are often polarized. Third, there are problems in implementing Pancasila values in law, such as inconsistencies between positive laws and people's aspirations, as well as bureaucratic constraints. In addition, the journal discusses how the values of Pancasila should be instilled and taught, how it helps strengthen constitutional democracy, as well as its relationship to economic law, human rights, environmental issues, and international law. This journal emphasizes how important it is to apply the principles of Pancasila in facing global challenges and maintaining the integrity of the nation. The research method used in this article is a qualitative approach with document analysis and literature studies on laws, court decisions, and other legal sources. The results of the study show that the application of Pancasila in law in Indonesia still faces various challenges, but it has great potential to strengthen the national legal system, especially in the aspects of social justice and constitutional democracy.

Assertive communication plays a key role in building positive and productive working relationships in an organization. This research aims to explore the influence of assertive communication on work effectiveness and productivity in the context of work relations in companies. The method used in this research is a qualitative approach by collecting data through interviews and observations in various organizations. The research results show that assertive communication, which prioritizes respect for the rights and feelings of other people while expressing opinions openly and firmly, can reduce conflict, increase cooperation, and improve the work atmosphere. Apart from that, assertive communication also contributes to reducing stress, increasing self-confidence, and clarifying expectations between team members. By implementing assertive communication techniques, such as active listening, stating expectations clearly, and providing constructive criticism, work productivity in an organization can increase significantly. This research provides recommendations for organizations to develop assertive communication skills among all members to create a more harmonious work environment and support the achievement of common goals.

This research evaluates the effectiveness of citizenship legislation in Indonesia, focusing on Law No. 12 of 2006. The background of this study is based on the importance of protecting citizenship rights within the context of evolving social and political dynamics. The aim of the research is to identify discrepancies between regulations and practices, as well as to analyze the impact of policies on social integration and the protection of individual rights. The methodology employed is normative legal analysis, which includes legislative, conceptual, and comparative approaches, along with data collection through literature review and interviews with legal experts. The findings indicate that although Law No. 12 of 2006 has brought positive changes, the implementation of policies still faces challenges such as inconsistency and administrative obstacles. The implications of this research highlight the need for reforms in citizenship policy that are fairer and more responsive, which can enhance the protection of individual rights and create a more inclusive system for all citizens.
 

This paper explores the difficulties of unblocking the operations of Black Sea ports that remain under Ukrainian control, as well as the geopolitical dynamics between Russia and Ukraine in the area. There are two primary obstacles: first, Ukraine must preserve its coastal defense capabilities against the threat of Russian invasion without undermining the security of its land; second, it is crucial to ensure that Russia adheres to the regulations that safeguard freedom of navigation in the Black Sea. Since Russia's annexation of Crimea in 2014, Russia's influence in the Sea of Azov and the Black Sea has expanded, jeopardizing the security interests of Ukraine as well as Western partners, such as the US and NATO. The analysis suggests measures that NATO and other allies can implement to enhance maritime security in the region, including bolstering Ukraine's navy and augmenting NATO's presence in the Black Sea. This dispute not only impacts relations between Ukraine and Russia, but also influences regional political and security stability in Southeastern Europe as well as broader international diplomacy.

This study highlights the importance of implementing human relations principles in creating a harmonious and productive work environment. Open communication, empathy, and constructive conflict management were found to be key factors in building positive work relationships between employees and managers. Employees who feel valued and listened to tend to be more engaged in their work, increasing motivation and morale, which ultimately impacts the performance of the team and the organization as a whole. In addition, effective conflict management can strengthen interpersonal relationships and create a work atmosphere that is more conducive to collaboration and innovation. This study also shows that poorly managed conflict can damage work relationships and reduce productivity. In such situations, a tense work environment can lower employee morale, increase turnover rates, and hinder the achievement of organizational goals. Therefore, organizations need to actively develop strategies that support clear and effective communication, as well as pay attention to employee emotional well-being. Building an inclusive work culture and providing constructive conflict resolution mechanisms are essential to maintaining the stability and sustainability of productivity in the long term.

Human relations are a fundamental aspect of human social life, including in the student sphere. This research explores the role of human relations in creating a harmonious friendship environment on campus. Using Human Relations theory, this study highlights the importance of interpersonal communication, empathy, and conflict management in improving the quality of students' social interactions. A qualitative approach through participatory observation and literature review was used to deeply understand the phenomenon. The results showed that positive relationships between students can increase security, happiness, and productivity, as well as promote intellectual and emotional development. Conversely, poorly managed conflict can have a negative impact on academic performance and mental health.

This research discusses the communication strategy between sellers and buyers on social media as part of an effective marketing strategy. Social media has become a key platform in modern marketing due to its ability to create direct interaction and build relationships between sellers and buyers. The communication strategies applied include the use of relevant content, personal approach, quick response, and utilization of interactive features of social media. The results show that effective communication can increase customer engagement, build trust, expand market reach, and drive increased sales. However, there are challenges in maintaining communication consistency and facing increasing competition in the digital world. Therefore, an innovative and customer-focused approach is required to achieve success in marketing through social media. Communication strategies between sellers and buyers on social media play an important role in supporting the success of marketing strategies in the digital age. Social media has evolved into a major platform for direct interaction between sellers and buyers, offering ease of access, wide reach, and cost-effectiveness compared to traditional marketing methods. This research explores the various communication strategies used by sellers to build relationships with buyers, including the use of relevant and engaging content, a data-driven personalized approach, and prompt responses to customer needs and questions. This research concludes that an effective communication strategy on social media serves not only as a promotional tool, but also as a means to build long-term relationships between sellers and buyers. With the right approach, social media can be a powerful platform to support marketing success, increase customer satisfaction, and achieve overall business goals.