Indonesia has a large population of internet users, with more than 175 million active internet users in 2021 to 2024. This provides a strong foundation for the development of social media in the country. The increasing use of smartphones in Indonesia also has an impact on the development of social media and online buying and selling (e-commerce). The Indonesian government has issued laws and regulations regarding the use of social media with a focus on online buying and selling and handling infringing content. This research uses normative juridical methods. One of the challenges in buying and selling transactions via social media is security and trust. Because these transactions are often conducted between individuals who do not know each other, it is important to be careful and verify the seller or buyer before making a transaction. Consumer law in Indonesia is regulated by Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection (Consumer Law). This Consumer Law provides a legal basis and legal protection for consumers in carrying out buying and selling transactions, both conventionally and via social media.
 

Korganization in nation building is very significant. Corporations can be said to be pillars of the nation's economy. Corporations are very influential not only on economic aspects, but also social, political and other aspects. As time goes by, crimes committed by corporations arise. The Criminal Code which does not recognize corporations as legal subjects opens up opportunities for individuals to take advantage of this legal loophole. The regulations governing corporate responsibility currently in effect are considered less effective and efficient. Provisions that clearly regulate "corporate criminal liability" are still at the Draft Criminal Code stage. Based on the research results, it was found that the corporate responsibility system has several doctrines or theories in determining responsibility. These theories include "identification doctrine, aggregation doctrine, reactive corporate fault, strict liability and vicarious liability." This research aims to increase knowledge regarding criminal responsibility by corporations. This research supports the immediate ratification of the Draft Criminal Code as an answer to legal problems regarding criminal acts committed by corporations. The method used in this research is normative juridical, with data collection techniques namely literature study. The data obtained in this research comes from writings or scientific works in the form of books, journals, dissertations and other literature.
 
 
 

Villages play an important role in realizing development and community welfare, which is supported by the issuance of new statutory policies, namely Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages. This law aims to accelerate rural development, improve the welfare of village communities and equalize development in Indonesia. Apart from that, this law is also the basis for granting the broadest possible authority to village or village governments to regulate their own areas as autonomous villages. To achieve this goal, the government since 2015 has disbursed village fund budgets to every village throughout Indonesia. This research uses normative legal research methods, using a statutory approach. This research reveals that community participation in Tanjungsari Village in every village fund management shows optimal participation. At the planning stage, community participation can be seen during the musdus and musdes determining village expenditure priorities, at the implementation stage, community participation takes the form of property participation and mutual cooperation participation and participating in various training programs properly, and at the accountability stage, the community participates during the LPJ APBDes deliberations. Community participation in managing village funds in Tanjungsari Village is at the fifth level of participation, namely placement according to Arnstein's theory or the degree of Tokenism.

Maritime law enforcement in Indonesian waters, especially in the Riau Islands, is a complex challenge considering the breadth of the territory and the variety of maritime threats faced. The Maritime Security Agency of the Republic of Indonesia (BAKAMLA RI) has an important role in maintaining security and enforcing the law in Indonesian waters. This study aims to analyze the role and authority of BAKAMLA RI in enforcing maritime law and evaluate the effectiveness of the implementation of its duties in the waters of the Riau Islands. This study uses a normative juridical method with a case approach to collect empirical data. The data was obtained through literature studies, analysis of legal documents, and interviews with BAKAMLA RI personnel and related agencies. The analysis was carried out using John Rawls' theory of justice, Lawrence M. Friedman's theory of legal system, and Sudikno Mertokusumo's theory of legal certainty to understand the obstacles and find solutions to improve the effectiveness of maritime law enforcement. The results of the study show that maritime law enforcement by BAKAMLA RI in the Natuna Riau Islands has not been optimal. The main obstacles faced include limited resources, the complexity of maritime crimes, and ineffective inter- agency coordination. Despite having a strong legal foundation, BAKAMLA RI effectiveness in carrying out its duties still needs to be improved through greater budget support, the procurement of advanced technology, and personnel training and capacity building programs. Based on these findings, it is recommended that BAKAMLA RI strengthen coordination with related agencies through the establishment of a joint command center and information system integration. The government needs to provide adequate budget support and strengthen the regulatory framework to support maritime law enforcement. The public is also expected to increase awareness and active participation in maintaining maritime security. With these steps, it is hoped that the effectiveness of maritime law enforcement by BAKAMLA RI can be improved, so that the security and sovereignty of Indonesian waters, especially in the Riau Islands, can be better maintained
 

Indonesia needs to get rid of terrorism once and for all. This journal aims to describe and analyze using the approach of various efforts to counter terrorism crimes in Indonesia. The research method used in this study uses a descriptive qualitative approach to present an overview of terrorism and several strategies to combat this crime in Indonesia. The formulation of the problem based on the description of the background above is as follows: what are the factors of terrorism crimes in Indonesia and how to overcome terrorism crimes in Indonesia. Terrorism is a disturbing phenomenon. Efforts to counter terrorism crimes carried out by the Government are implemented through repressive efforts. There are five factors that cause terrorism crimes in Indonesia, namely: tribalism, nationalism/separatism, poverty and inequality and globalization, non-democracy, violations of human dignity and religious radicalism.
 

The Tanjung Pura Class IIB Detention Center is one of the UPTs under the Ministry of Law and Human Rights which carries out Medical Rehabilitation and Social Rehabilitation. Rehabilitation is an effort to restore and restore narcotics abuse/addiction to health in the sense of physical, psychological, social and spiritual/religious (faith) health. With this healthy condition, it is hoped that they will be able to function normally again in their daily lives. The aim of this research is to find out the legal basis for providing rehabilitation sanctions in legislation, implementing rehabilitation. In accordance with statutory regulations and the effectiveness of rehabilitation implementation at the class IIB Tanjung Pura detention center. This research is included in analytical descriptive research with a type of empirical juridical research using qualitative analysis methods. Based on the research results, it is known that the legal basis and regulations related to rehabilitation of convicts and drug abusers are Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics, Law Number 12 of 1995 concerning Corrections, Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 46 of 2012 concerning Procedures for Implementing Rehabilitation Medical for addicts, abusers and victims of narcotics abuse. SEMA Number 4 of 2010, concerning the placement of drug abusers, victims of abuse, and narcotics addicts into medical and social rehabilitation institutions and SEMA Number 3 of 2011 concerning the placement of victims of narcotics abuse in medical and social rehabilitation institutions, implementation of rehabilitation in class IIB prisons in Tanjung Pura refers to statutory regulations related to the rehabilitation of perpetrators of criminal acts of narcotics abuse, including medical rehabilitation and social rehabilitation, until the inmates have completed their criminal term. Implementation. Rehabilitation at the Tanjung Pura class IIB detention center is quite effective in healing, educating and sensitizing prisoners, where prisoners are cured of addiction with medical rehabilitation and their personality and psychology are restored with social rehabilitation. So that after completing their prison term, inmates can return to living a normal life in society.

Children are the future generation of the nation that must be protected, especially when dealing with the law. The difficult navigation route passed by children who are suspects of criminal acts has depicted sadness in children that can disturb the child's mental state, in order to avoid this possibility, another method has emerged in child criminal acts, namely restorative justice (diversion) which is in accordance with the principle of ultimum remedy in criminal law. This study aims to understand the concept of implementing restorative justice which is associated with the principle of ultimum remedy, where this study works using qualitative methods and is sorted in descriptive, so that concrete solutions can be found regarding the matter being studied. The results of this study found a match between the concept of restorative justice and the principle in criminal law, namely ultimum remedy where criminal witnesses are the last step in handling child criminal acts. However, in its application, several obstacles were found, one of which was due to the different meanings of justice between the parties.
 
 

The artisanal shipping industry in Indonesia, particularly in Batam and Tanjungpinang, has experienced significant stagnation and decline due to the aging fleet and fleet extinction. The background of this study is based on the importance of the artisanal shipping industry in supporting the local and national maritime economy, as well as the major challenges facing the sector in maintaining efficient and sustainable operations. The purpose of this research is to analyze the juridical factors that cause the non-development of the people's shipping industry in the area, as well as identify legal measures that can support the development of this industry.  The research method applied combines normative and empirical approaches through case studies in Batam and Tanjungpinang. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with boat owners, fishermen, government officials, and maritime law experts, as well as analysis of relevant documents. The research integrates John Austin's positive law theory, Lawrence M. Friedman's legal system theory, and systems theory to analyze interactions within the maritime legal system. The results show that burdensome regulations, lack of access to financing, declining competitiveness, as well as environmental impacts and socio-economic factors are the main causes of the underdevelopment of the community shipping industry. Strict regulations and high operational costs make it difficult for small boat owners to comply with regulations, while limited access to financing hinders fleet rejuvenation and upgrades. An aging and inefficient fleet lowers the industry's competitiveness, and environmental pollution from old vessels worsens operating conditions. Suggestions include revising regulations to simplify and reduce administrative burdens, providing accessible financing and subsidy schemes, improving port infrastructure, and training and certification programs for ship owners and crew. In addition, international cooperation is also needed to adopt technology and best practices in the shipping industry. The implementation of these recommendations is expected to support the development of the small-scale shipping industry in Batam and Tanjungpinang, improve competitiveness, and make a greater contribution to Indonesia's maritime economy.
 
 

Terrorism is a crime related to humanity accompanied by serious threats that have an impact on the integrity and sovereignty of a country. In Indonesia itself, criminal acts of terrorism are a serious problem. Because in their implementation they not only involve adults but also involve children who do not know or understand anything about terrorism. Children as victims of criminal acts of terrorism really need legal protection so that these children can get their rights back. The research method used in this paper uses normative legal research methods. Meanwhile, the technique for collecting legal materials is carried out by conducting a literature study of secondary legal materials. Then, based on legal theories, it is analyzed qualitatively to obtain conclusions from the problem formulations that have been determined. This research aims to find out the process of handling children involved in criminal acts of terrorism and to find out what form of legal protection is given to children involved in criminal acts of terrorism. The results of this research indicate that the process of handling children involved in criminal acts of terrorism is carried out by implementing the Juvenile Criminal Justice System with the conceptrestorative justiceand children will receive protection from violence and discrimination, namely guaranteeing the protection of children's rights to live, grow, develop and participate optimally in accordance with human dignity.

Social innovation is often considered to have great potential to encourage sustainable development and transformation towards more sustainable economic practices. Many companies in preparing community empowerment programs with an orientation that is simply considered good at the start, even just to meet the interests of certain parties, but do not plan what benefits are targeted so that they quickly become obsolete. In order not to be left behind, companies must form a business model, embrace many parties, create sustainable programs from year to year, and prepare an exit strategy carefully. This article discusses social innovation practices in the PT PLN UIK Tanjung Jati B TJSL program based on the social innovation process model and empirical practice. This article contributes to improving the concept of social innovation, how social innovation succeeds and what factors encourage its emergence and growth.
 
 
 

This research is normative legal research that uses a normative judicial approach. The research results show that: (1) There are differences of opinion between judges, e-commers and notaries. regarding the strength of proof of a signature on an electronic document in proving civil procedural law in Indonesia. Judges and e-commers are of the opinion that electronic documents that have been signed with an electronic signature have the same evidentiary power as authentic deeds made by authorized officials, after the issuance of Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions. Meanwhile, the notary is of the opinion that an electronic document signed with an electronic signature only has the power of proof under the hand, because it does not meet the requirements as an authentic deed, that is, it does not appear before an authorized official; and (2) Settlement of disputes resulting from non-fulfillment of the agreement can be resolved using a court or an institution outside the court, but e-comers generally use institutions outside the court because it is considered easier and faster to resolve and the costs are cheaper.The use of an electronic signature on an electronic document can guarantee the security of an electronic information message, which uses a public network, because electronic signatures are created based on asymmetric cryptography technology. From this research, there are differences of opinion regarding the evidentiary power of electronic documents signed with electronic signatures that are used as evidence in trials. The use of an electronic signature on an electronic document can guarantee the security of an electronic information message, which uses a public network, because electronic signatures are created based on asymmetric cryptography technology. From this research, there are differences of opinion regarding the evidentiary power of electronic documents signed with electronic signatures that are used as evidence in trials. Furthermore, electronic signatures need to be certified so that they have evidentiary power such as authentic deeds and there is no need to carry out digital forensic tests in the evidentiary process at trial.
 
 

This research aims to examine the status of DKI Jakarta after the plan to move the National Capital to East Kalimantan. We know that before the plan to move the National Capital, the center of Indonesia, both in terms of government, economy and resources, was centered in the DKI Jakarta area. Of course, after the construction of the National Capital in East Kalimantan, precisely in the North Penajam Paser area, the center of economic government and resources will gradually be moved to the Kalimantan region. This is where the position of DKI Jakarta, which was previously the National Capital, will change status to become a province in general and will give rise to several domino effects that will follow when DKI Jakarta's status no longer becomes the National Capital of Indonesia. The data collection method was carried out by studying literacy and statutory regulations and conducting qualitative descriptive data analysis to find out what the future status of regional autonomy will be for the DKI Jakarta region after the move of the National Capital.
 
 

Healthcare services, conflicts often arise between doctors and patients, involving allegations of medical criminal actions. Health laws are designed to provide greater certainty in the administration of healthcare services and to offer protection for both the public and healthcare resources. This research adopts a normative juridical approach, employing qualitative descriptive methodology. Medical professionals may face criminal charges for engaging in illegal abortions, performing reconstructive and aesthetic plastic surgery with the intent to alter someone's identity, refusing healthcare services in emergency situations, committing negligence, and practicing Without a License (STR) and/or Practice Permit (SIP). Medical professionals are obliged to adhere to professional standards, service standards, and operational procedure standards, while upholding the values of professional ethics and exerting their best efforts (Inspanning Verbintenis). Dispute resolution should initially take place through restorative justice mechanisms, utilizing alternative methods outside the court.

Narcotics bring benefits if used according to the provisions of applicable laws and regulations and will be detrimental if misused, especially by children. Unfortunately, cases of narcotics abuse are like an iceberg phenomenon that can only be seen at the surface but the real amount is difficult to measure.This research is a descriptive analysis research carried out to reveal the implementation of Law Number 35 of 2009 and Law Number 11 of 2012 regarding criminal acts of narcotics abuse by children in the work area of BNNK Pematang Siantar. The method used is the normative method used in preparing this thesis. The type of research carried out, in terms of its form, is prescriptive research aimed at getting suggestions about what should be done to overcome certain problems. This research explains the role of BNNK Pematang Siantar in tackling narcotics abuse among narcotics addicts in Pematang Siantar City. Implementation of coordination in the preparation of strategic plans and annual work plans in the field of P4GN in the Pematangsiantar City area, Implementation of technical policies in the fields of prevention, community empowerment, rehabilitation and eradication in Pematangsiantar City area, Implementation of legal services and cooperation within the Pematangsiantar City area. The efforts of the Pematang Siantar City National Narcotics Agency in carrying out rehabilitation efforts are by strengthening rehabilitation institutions.

The office of the prosecutor, in its efforts to combat corruption, needs to collaborate with the Attorney General's Office, the High Prosecutor's Office, and the District Attorney's Office to protect and reclaim state financial losses. The research aims to understand the role of the prosecutor's office in asset recovery to prevent corruption crimes in Indonesia. The research method used is normative juridical. The findings indicate that asset recovery starts from monitoring the wealth of potential suspects and is followed by an investigation. The government should put in place measures to prevent crime, such as verifying the identities of public officials and their families and monitoring their bank accounts to stop the laundering of criminal proceeds. In 2022, the prosecutor's office successfully recovered IDR 39.207 trillion and has recovered by 2024 of IDR 23 trillion. The conquest demonstrates the effectiveness of the prosecutor's office challenges, including a lack of witnesses, limited resources, lengthy audit processes, inadequate indictment applications, differences in understanding between prosecutors and judges, and difficulties in asset seizure and tracking.

The Public Housing Savings Program or what is known as Tapera has become a national polemic which is starting to become unsettling among the Indonesian people. The People's Housing Savings Management Agency (BP Tapera), which until now seems to only collect public funds through savings with a savings scheme that is still unclear. By looking at this problem, the author found that the Additional Service Benefits program that previously existed and could run exactly the same as the Tapera program with income tax cuts for each taxpayer, this shows that it would be more effective if there was just one program so that there would be no inequality. According to the Minister of Manpower's Regulation regarding the procedures for granting, requirements and types of additional service benefits, it is stated that the type of additional service benefit can be in the form of a housing mortgage, which to date not all people use.

This research was motivated by several cases resulting from the actions of naughty debtors which caused significant losses for Indonesia. There is a legal vacuum in Law Number 10 of 1998 concerning Banking, making it difficult for law enforcers to determine criminal acts committed by naughty debtors. The problem formulation taken is how banking law in Indonesia is in the perspective of legal objective theory, and what is the juridical review of bad debtors in the banking law. This research uses a normative legal research approach with a theory and legal principles approach. Several things need to be reviewed due to the impact caused by Law Number 10 of 1998 concerning Banking, namely that there is an article that can only ensnare bank employees if there is some form of criminal liability. Apart from that, there is no clause that regulates criminal sanctions for bank employees who collude with debtors. Bank Indonesia can impose administrative sanctions, but this authority is not regulated expressly and unequivocally in the Banking Law. So that Bank Indonesia has the potential to abuse its authority in determining actions.
 
 

Hajj pilgrims are obliged to carry out their worship in accordance with the provisions of Islamic law, for this reason it is necessary to carry out health checks and health guidance for Hajj pilgrims in the concept of regulating Hajj health istithaah, namely Minister of Health Regulation Number 15 of 2016. Learn from the implementation of the Hajj in 2023 where the death rate for Hajj pilgrims is high , the government is drafting new regulations strengthening standards for determining Hajj health istithaah. This research is normative legal research and is descriptive analytical in nature. The results of the research show that this new regulation does not fulfill the aspect of legal protection for Hajj pilgrims because some of the Hajj pilgrims who are determined to not meet the Hajj health istithaah requirements while not having enough time to improve their health conditions in order to achieve istithaah. Specific and intensive health guidance is needed to prepare the Hajj pilgrims' health istithaah.

Gambling is not only prohibited by Islamic law but gambling is also prohibited by law. Online gambling in Indonesia has a widespread, deep and pervasive impact, like an octopus. The dangers of gambling grip various aspects of individual and societal life, creating complex and layered problems. From financial and mental health losses to family breakdown and increased crime.Online gambling is the act of gambling carried out online via a website or application that provides gambling content. Please note that online gambling is an act that is prohibited based on the provisions in Article 27 paragraph (2) of the ITE Law, namely that every person intentionally and without right distributes and/or transmits and/or makes accessible electronic information and/or electronic documents containing content. Gambling.The largest online gambling market in the world with gross online gambling revenue globally is estimated to reach US$102 billion or the equivalent of IDR 1,563.35 trillion in 2021 (exchange rate IDR 15,327/US$).The UK is recorded as the largest online gambling market in the world with revenues of US$12.48 billion, the United States (US) with revenues of US$10.96 billion, and Australia US$6.55 billion. Meanwhile, the largest online gambling players in Indonesia are in the West Java region, estimated at 535,644 people, with transactions of IDR 3.8 trillion, DKI Jakarta, with 238,568 players with transactions of IDR 2.3 trillion, Central Java has 201,963 players with transactions of IDR 1.3 trillion. Trillion, Banten 150,302 players with transactions of IDR 1.02 trillion, and East Java 135,227 players with transactions of IDR 1.05 trillion.The dangers of Gambling in terms of increased crime, many individuals are trapped in huge debts due to gambling which triggers and spurs them to turn to criminal acts such as theft, fraud, and even violence to earn money, creating an unsafe social environment.

This article discusses the importance of reaching mutually beneficial solutions in international conflicts, focusing on negotiation and mediation as key elements. Negotiation allows both parties to resolve each other's differences, while mediation facilitates dialogue and promotes compromise. This research uses normative legal research methods with a statutory approach and case approach to analyze relevant laws and regulations related to the Indonesia-Malaysia maritime boundary, using the technique of collecting legal materials for literature studies. These disputes also impact social, political, economic, and environmental life, and both countries must accept the consequences of the Indonesia-Malaysia maritime dispute, such as dispute resolution costs, potential conflicts, and environmental impacts. The results of this study show that negotiations aim to achieve mutually beneficial solutions by providing a forum for communication, identifying common interests, constructive negotiations, and dialogue with regional, national, or international organizations such as the United Nations. Meanwhile, mediation plays an important role in reaching mutually beneficial solutions, assisting effective communication, information and education, claims actions, compromises, facilitating the negotiation process, and reaching mutual agreements.
 
 

Violations of quarantine regulations in Batam City continue to occur to this day. Despite the enactment of Law No. 21 of 2019 concerning Animal, Fish, and Plant Quarantine, which replaced Law No. 16 of 1992 on the same subject and introduced stricter criminal sanctions for violations, there has still not been a deterrent effect on those bringing prohibited items without meeting quarantine requirements. This research addresses how the authority and implementation of quarantine investigators' powers are regulated in handling cases of animal entry that have bypassed the designated import and export points in Batam City, what obstacles or challenges quarantine investigators face, and the solutions at the Animal, Fish, and Plant Quarantine Office of the Riau Archipelago at the Hang Nadim and Telaga Punggur Service Units. The research method combines normative legal research with empirical sociological approaches, utilizing both inductive and deductive methods to analyze and clarify the relationship between research variables and the research object. This approach aims to provide a comprehensive understanding that benefits readers, particularly future researchers and academics. The findings reveal ongoing uncertainty among quarantine investigators in enforcing quarantine regulations in Batam City. This issue arises from differing interpretations of Law No. 21 of 2019 among quarantine officers and the shortage of human resources, which affects investigators' focus on legal enforcement actions, including criminal sanctions. In Batam City, the resolution of quarantine regulation violations prioritizes the philosophy of "ultimum remedium" where punishment is seen as a last resort. Administrative sanctions for quarantine violations include quarantine detention, rejection, and/or destruction of the violating items.

White-collar crime has developed to a transnational level that no longer recognises the territorial boundaries of the state. The form of crime is also increasingly sophisticated and neatly organised, making it difficult to detect. Criminals always try to save money from their crimes through various means, one of which ismoney laundering. In this way, they try to launder illegally obtained money into a form that looks legal. With this laundering, criminals can hide the true origin of the funds or money from the crimes they commit. This research is focused on library studies or document studies, because this research is mostly carried out on secondary data, and Primary Data as a complement, the data to be obtained in this study are collected by means of: Library research The library material referred to consists of primary legal materials, namely laws and regulations related to the title of this research and the Criminal Code. Similarly, secondary legal materials are studied in the form of scientific works of experts including research results (including theses and dissertations) related to the title of the researcher and using Qualitative Data.

Terrorism is a theme that invites the attention of many in the academics to examine the main ­aspects of ideology, theology, networks and movements. At this time, terrorism has become a global phenomenon. Terrorism has penetrated almost every country in the world, including Indonesia. As in other areas, terrorism in Indonesia also has the basics of theology and ideology and networks so that it has a strong resistance. Until recently, terrorism became one of the challenges and threats to national security. This article is to examine the development of terrorism in Indonesia, which focuses on aspects of theology, ideology and movement.
 
 
 

The Indonesian state is a state based on law (rechstaats) not a state based on force or arbitrariness. Therefore, everything related to state activities from an economic, political, social and cultural perspective will be regulated by law. This research uses an empirical juridical research method using qualitative techniques and the approach method used in this research is a statutory approach and a conceptual approach using literature studies and interviews. The promulgation of the Job Creation Law and Government Regulation Number 8 of 2021 concerning the Authorized Capital of Companies and Registration of Establishment, Changes and Dissolution of Companies which have requirements for UMK are currently known, namely that an Individual Company can be established by 1 person. Obstacles: Individual companies must comply with complex regulations related to data privacy, consumer protection and taxes in the digital era. Solution: Have a strong understanding of applicable regulations and ensure internal systems and processes comply with required compliance standards. Regularly update policies and procedures to ensure ongoing compliance.

Compensation in the resolution of medical disputes in Indonesia is crucial as it provides financial compensation for patients who have suffered losses due to malpractice. Data shows an increase in the number of complaints and lawsuits related to medical disputes each year. Determining fair and proportional compensation often poses complex challenges as it involves various aspects such as the level of patient loss, healthcare service standards, medical evidence, and socio-economic factors. Therefore, a careful and holistic approach is needed in determining compensation to ensure justice and improve healthcare practices. The aim of this study is to identify the role of compensation in the resolution of medical disputes in Indonesia and to analyze its legal and ethical implications. The research method used is qualitative with a normative juridical and empirical approach. The results show that compensation in the resolution of medical disputes in Indonesia is important to ensure justice for patients and the responsibility of healthcare providers. The process of determining compensation involves mediation, negotiation, and formal legal processes. The Health Law and health regulations require hospitals to have dispute resolution mechanisms and provide patients with legal rights to compensation. Legal and ethical aspects such as integrity and justice are considered in determining compensation, creating a holistic dispute resolution system to maintain justice and the quality of healthcare services.

Illegal mining in Indonesia isn't it things we just heard, In fact, illegal mining has become widespread in almost every region potentially rich in minerals. Illegal mining is the most common found is mining gold. Mining gold illegal or often in short for PETI (Unlicensed Gold Mining) is a mine amount pollution material the mine most tall. In Indonesia, gold mining without a permit is considered an unlawful activity, especially because miners do not have a mining business permit as a business entity. They do not pay taxes and royalties which are sources of state income from mining activities. Their activities also often cause social unrest and environmental damage. One that has gold mines is Jambi Province, precisely in the Merangin Regency area. Gold mines in this district are not only found on land but also in river basins (DAS). Merangin Police have carried out many prevention and law enforcement efforts to deal with mining activities without permits.

One way to restore the lost state corruption is to impose additional punishment in the form of restitution payments. This effort provides results in the form of income to the state treasury from the payment of restitution. Of the several convicts who have been deposited the amount of restitution payments. Restitution as an additional punishment in corruption cases must be understood as part of the efforts to punish those who violate the law that is violated is a further act of corruption. Corruption has resulted in poverty so that the perpetrators of corruption must be sentenced to payment of restitution due to corruption that has occurred so far, in addition to harming state finances and the state economy, it also hampers the continuity of national development.The type of research conducted in the preparation of this research is normative juridical, which is viewed from the object of research is positive law that examines the rules of law governing criminal acts of corruption in an effort to prevent the prevention of criminal acts of corruption. The data obtained in this research will be analysed qualitatively in accordance with the specification of the nature of the research to examine between theory and practice in the form of criminal acts of corruption in an effort to prevent the prevention of criminal acts of corruption. Qualitative data analysis is to explore social facts not only on the surface but also to explore what actually happens behind the real events. Corruption that results in state financial losses in the concept of eradicating corruption is all expenditures or uses that are a burden on state finances where the expenditure or use of state money is based on unlawful acts, including reduced income or income to state finances based on unlawful acts, unlawful acts that result in state financial losses must be caused by acts that contain the nature of criminal law (wederrechtelijk). The imposition of restitution payments in the eradication of corruption as stipulated in Article 18 of the Law on the Eradication of Corruption is a means that can be applied to realise recovery efforts or recovery of state finances caused by corruption, restitution payments are imposed on the perpetrators of corruption in the amount of property obtained from corruption and the amount of property that has been transferred by the perpetrator to other parties where the other party is not prosecuted and does not commit acts against criminal law (wederrechtelijk).

Customs is everything related to the supervision of the traffic of goods entering or leaving the customs area as well as the collection of import and export duties. Based on this definition of customs, the Directorate General of Customs and Excise (DJBC) has a very strategic role in both supervision and service. Economic life between one country and another is increasingly interdependent so that legal provisions in the field of international trade and transnational business are increasingly necessary. As time goes by, the presence of corporations in the economy is like a double-edged sword. On the one hand, it can provide benefits for economic growth through state income in the form of taxes thereby increasing the country's foreign exchange and on the other hand, it can threaten state income because corporations often commit crimes to gain as much profit as possible by falsifying goods export documents. The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia Article 1 paragraph 3 states that Indonesia is a legal state. In accordance with the concept of a rule of law, everything related to processes carrying out aspects of government power is based on law, including the law enforcement process in cases in the customs sector, especially in the export sector. This research uses normative legal research methods. Normative research is research carried out by examining library materials using data sourced from secondary data, namely primary legal materials, secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials. Data collection in this research was carried out by document study and literature study. Then it is described qualitatively to make it easier to draw conclusions from the data. The aim of this research is to determine the factors that cause corporations to commit criminal acts of falsifying export documents and to find out what corporate criminal liability is for criminal acts of falsifying export documents according to Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 17 of 2006 concerning Customs.
 
 

corporation is a group of people and/or assets that are organized, whether legal entities or non-legal entities. Corporate crimes that occur in Indonesia are quite an important note in law enforcement in Indonesia. The discussion of corporate crime is very different from crimes that occur in general (as regulated in the Criminal Code). The problem formulation in this research is the dimensions of corporate crime. And the aim of the research based on the problem formulation above is to determine and analyze the dimensions of corporate crime. This research method is analytical descriptive research which is research to describe and analyze existing research and is included in the type of library research which will be presented descriptively. Corporate crime has special characteristics when compared to other types of crime. The general view has at least 2 (two) main characteristics, namely Non Violent (non-violent) and Corrosive effect (damaging moral standards). Corporate crime is essentially an act that is condemned by law. Its existence is an act prohibited by any law. Therefore, the understanding of corporate crime can be divided based on the understanding of corporate crime as organized crime because it involves all aspects and parts of the corporation, as transnational crime because the scope of acts carried out is not only in one country but across countries . As a white collar crime considering that corporations are parties who have an important position and have certain economic power in society.
 
 

This research is entitled Optimizing the Role of Tourism Villages in Community  Economic Development (Study in Sungai Kakap Village, Sungai Kakap Subdistrict,  Kubu Raya Regency) with the aim of knowing how the role of Sungai Kakap Tourism  Village in the economic development of the local community and raised three problems,  first what factors influence in optimizing the development of Sungai Kakap Tourism Village, Sungai Kakap Subdistrict. second, how is the strategy to optimize the  development of Sungai Kakap Tourism Village, Sungai Kakap Subdistrict optimally and  third, how is the impact of the village in improving the economy for the local community.  This type of research is a qualitative approach, the method used is the method of juridical  sociological approach, the population in this study are business actors around the tourist  village of Sungai Kakap sub-district. Data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation techniques. The results of this study indicate that the  tourist village in Sungai Kakap sub-district has received less attention from the government so that it has not been so optimal in improving the economy of the local  community. The strategy to optimize the development of Sungai Kakap Tourism Village  is the involvement of the local government to promote the tourism village, so that it will  have a good impact on the local community in improving the economy.

The background of this research is the importance of the Visum et Repertum (VeR) examination in identifying victims and determining the cause of death, especially in cases of unidentified corpses that are often found in the Riau Islands area. Proper and accurate VeR checks are vital to support the criminal investigation process, provide justice for victims and their families, and maintain the integrity of the criminal justice system. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of the VeR examination conducted at Bhayangkara Batam Hospital in assisting victim identification and supporting criminal investigations. The study also aims to identify the obstacles faced in the examination process and provide suggestions to improve its effectiveness. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of the VeR examination conducted at Bhayangkara Batam Hospital in assisting victim identification and supporting criminal investigations. The study also aims to identify the obstacles faced in the examination process and provide suggestions to improve its effectiveness. The research method used is normative juridical with an empirical juridical approach at Bhayangkara Batam Hospital. The data was collected through in-depth interviews with forensic doctors, police investigators, and analysis of VeR documents and reports. The data obtained were analyzed using positive law theory from John Austin, legal system theory from Lawrence M. Friedman, and evidentiary law theory. The results showed that although the VeR examination at Bhayangkara Batam Hospital was generally effective, although there were several obstacles that affected the quality and speed of the examination, such as limited resources, medical personnel skills, and the condition of the corpses that were often decomposed. Suggested efforts to overcome these obstacles include improving forensic medical facilities and equipment, ongoing training for medical personnel, implementing standard protocols, and increasing cooperation between related agencies. Suggestions include the need for governments to invest more in forensic infrastructure, the importance of public education on missing persons reporting, and the need for increased collaboration and integrated training for investigators and forensic experts. With the implementation of these suggestions, it is hoped that the effectiveness of VeR examinations can be improved, thereby supporting criminal investigations in a more efficient and fair manner.

With the increasing number of child trafficking cases, the government needs to focus on serious efforts to eradicate this criminal offence. These efforts are not only in the form of law enforcement in a preventive, repressive, and responsive manner, but also efforts related to the recovery or protection of children who are victims of child trafficking after the completion of the criminal justice process which aims to restore the child's future. The research used in this journal is normative legal research. Normative legal research is research that examines the laws and regulations that apply to a legal problem. Normative research with the object of study of legislative documents by studying and examining library legal materials or can be called a study of legal science. Normative legal research tends to place law as a perspective discipline that is only seen in a normative perspective whose research themes include several things such as legal principles, legal systematics, vertical and horizontal synchronisation, legal comparisons and legal history.Efforts that can be made in providing legal protection to children as victims of human trafficking offences in the principle of legality have been regulated in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and national legal rules in the form of laws and Presidential Regulations and also regulated in international legal provisions that have been adapted into Indonesian positive law. Efforts that can be made to ensure the legal protection of children as victims of trafficking offences.

The sister city international agreement is an implementation of regional autonomy carried out by local governments in conducting parallel diplomacy. The Surabaya City Government seizes this opportunity and, among others, engages in sister city cooperation with Liverpool City. This study addresses the issue of the authority of the Surabaya City Government in making sister city international agreements and examines the strength and position of sister city international agreements in the form of a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) from the perspective of international law. The type of research used in this study is juridical-normative, thus the approach employed is a statutory approach by examining all statutory regulations related to sister city international agreements. The results of this research indicate that through the analysis of statutory regulations in Indonesia related to international agreements, the Local Government, in this case, the Surabaya City Government, has the authority to make sister city international agreements in an effort to conduct parallel diplomacy with Liverpool City. The position and strength of the sister city international agreement between the Surabaya City Government and Liverpool City in the form of a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) under international law are a valid international agreement with rights and obligations outlined therein and categorized as a treaty contract that only creates legal implications for the parties involved, namely the Surabaya City Government and Liverpool City.

Rape in a relationship has similar effects to rape outside of marriage. It is intended to avoid unnatural sexual behavior in a couple. Although men are considered to have full rights over their wives including in terms of sexual relations, it can worsen the relationship. The problem raised in this paper is to find out how the regulation of marital rape in Indonesia. The research method used is normative legal research, in order to analyze the vague norms related to marital rape in Law No. 23 Thn. 2004 with Law No. 12 of 2022. With the results of the analysis explaining that the factor of marital rape which later became a serious case both in the national and international scope needs regulations on marital rape, especially in Indonesia as a form of affirmation in the gander structure.

Settlement of land cases through mediation carried out by the Land Office of Boalemo Regency refers to Regulation of Agrarian Affairs Minister and Spatial Planning/Head of the National Land Agency Number 21 of 2020 concerning Handling and Settlement of Land Cases. Mediation as an alternative for resolving land cases, it is necessary to popularize "mediator". A mediator must know psychologically the condition of the parties, so that they feel comfortable and the problem is resolved comfortably. In addition, the mediator must have analytical skills and expertise in creating a personal approach for the parties involved in the dispute. The mediator must be able to understand and give a positive reaction to the perceptions of each party. The goal is to build good relationships and trust. The parties' trust in the mediator makes it easier to reach a consensus. The priority regarding the purpose and function of the mediator is to resolve land cases in order to resolve cases without creating new ones. The research method that the author uses in this study is the empirical juridical law method, empirical juridical law is a study in addition to looking at the positive legal aspects, it also looks at its application or practice in the field. Thus the empirical juridical approach is a legal research method that seeks to see the law in a real sense or it can be said to see, examine, how the law works in society. The results shows that the handling and settlement of land cases through mediation at the Land Office of Boalemo Regency Land Office is done and carried out based on the Agrarian Affairs Minister Regulation and Spatial Planning/Head of the National Land Agency Number 21 of 2020 concerning Handling and Settlement of Land Cases. Constraints faced in handling and resolving land cases through mediation at the Land Office of Boalemo Regency are in the form of juridical and non-juridical constraints. The juridical constraint is the technical instructions for the mediation procedure referred to by the regulation have not yet been published, while the non-juridical constraint is in the form of limited qualified human resources as mediators. Based on this, the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/National Land Agency in the future must make structured, systematic and massive improvements to the mediation process by immediately issuing technical instructions and improving the quality of human resources in terms of being a mediator through guidance, training and direction.

Samarinda City is one of the cities located in East Kalimantan Province and is often found to have cases of Domestic Violence. The implementation of Law Number 23 of 2004 concerning the Elimination of Domestic Violence should be a solution to participate in preventing and overcoming acts of Domestic Violence as a law enforcement effort. However, in its implementation it turns out that there are still cases of Domestic Violence. The research approach used in this research is a Social Legal Research approach which aims to examine two main points of discussion, first to examine the handling of victims of Domestic Violence in Samarinda City. Second, to examine the role of the Perempuan Academy program in empowering community groups for Family Welfare Empowerment to prevent Domestic Violence in Samarinda City. The results of the research show that the handling of Domestic Violence in the City of Samarinda is provided both repressively and preventively, not only to deal with it after it occurs and is experienced by the victim, but also to participate in preventing it before the crime occurs in order to reduce cases of Domestic Violence in the City Samarinda and the Women's Academy program is considered sufficient to help the Family Welfare Empowerment group in Karang Anyar Village, Samarinda City to prevent Domestic Violence.

Corporate Crime or what can be called a criminal act of corruption is a crime committed jointly where the impact can damage democracy, morality, harm state finances, violate the social and economic rights of the community. Nowadays, corporate development seems to be increasingly rapid both in terms of quality, quantity and in the field of business it operates. Corporations operate in fields such as banking, transportation, entertainment, agriculture and so on. The existence of corporations brings many benefits to society and the state, such as: an increase in state treasury income from taxes and foreign exchange, opening up job opportunities, increasing technology transfer and so on. However, there are also negative impacts from these corporations, such as: environmental pollution, exploitation or depletion of natural resources, tax manipulation, exploitation of workers and so on. The emergence of this negative impact is due to corporations pursuing large profits.
 
 

The importance of the role of KSOP in ensuring the security and safety of ports in Indonesia, especially in Batam, which is one of the main ports in Indonesia. Batam Port has dense activities and has the potential to pose various security and safety risks. Therefore, the effectiveness of supervision by KSOP is crucial to prevent incidents that can harm many parties. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of the role of KSOP in the supervision of port security and safety in the Batam Special KSOP area and identify the obstacles faced and efforts that can be made to overcome them. The research methods used are normative juridical and empirical juridical approaches with qualitative analysis. Data was obtained through the study of relevant laws and regulations, as well as interviews with related parties at KSOP Batam. The results of the study show that although KSOP Batam has tried to carry out supervision well, there are several obstacles that reduce its effectiveness. These obstacles include limited human resources and facilities, lack of coordination between agencies, weaknesses in law enforcement, and low awareness and compliance with safety regulations. In addition, challenges in technology and infrastructure also affect the effectiveness of surveillance. Based on these findings, this study provides several suggestions to increase the effectiveness of the role of Batam KSOP. First, increasing the number and quality of human resources through periodic training and certification. Second, strengthen coordination between related agencies through the establishment of an integrated command center. Third, improve the supervision and law enforcement process by implementing stricter and more transparent standards. Fourth, increasing awareness and compliance with safety regulations through continuous education campaigns. Finally, optimizing the use of modern technology and infrastructure to support more efficient and effective surveillance. With the implementation of these suggestions, it is hoped that KSOP Batam can significantly improve the safety and security of the port.

Terrorism is Wrong one crime Which outside normal Because has creating terror creates fear and that's scary has the impression of being cruel to groups or groups. The crime of terrorism has taken away rights basic para human victim Which No know anything about the origin , causes and the purpose of acts of terrorism. Because in in carrying out their actions perpetrators of this terrorism t is indiscriminate. This action is completely contrary to Article 3 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) or Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) Which sounds "Every person entitled on life, freedom and security as an individual”, Article 6 paragraph (1) ICCPR ( International Covenant on Civil and Political Right ) 1999 which states "Every human being is entitled to the inherent right to life himself and every other person must not be deprived of his life arbitrarily", Article 28 A of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia which reads "Everyone has the right to live and the right to defend their life and existence" and Article 28 G paragraph (1) which reads "Everyone has the right to personal protection, family, honor, dignity, property under his control and has the right to a sense of security and protection from the threat of fear of doing or not doing something which is a human right.” This research aims to know How arrangement investigative law t act criminal terrorism in Indonesia And What obstacle investigator in do investigation t act criminal terrorism in Indonesia. This research uses normative legal research research ingredients literature To use get ingredients form theories, concepts, principles as well as regulation law Which related with role investigator in process handling follow criminal terrorism.
 
 

A city is one of the areas heavily populated by people. In Indonesia, there are a total of 98 cities. A city is a complex area because it has various zones such as central zones, industrial zones, and suburban zones. Additionally, a city should also have green open spaces. Green open spaces can help minimize global warming and the greenhouse effect in urban areas. Moreover, cities often grapple with waste issues. Urban residents should develop good mental attitudes and habits, such as not littering. Cooperation between the government, which builds proper and appropriate urban planning by providing green areas, and the public's awareness to maintain city cleanliness by disposing of waste properly, is necessary.

Terrorism is a criminal act that poses a serious threat to the sovereignty of every country which can pose a danger to security, world peace and disrupt the welfare of society. A crime that has an extraordinary traumatic impact on the victim so that it requires efforts to recover from the crime of terrorism. In this case, the role of the state is really needed in order to provide the rights of the victims of this crime. The purpose of this research is to find out what efforts are being made to help the recovery of victims of criminal acts of terrorism in Indonesia and to find out what obstacles are faced when making efforts to recover victims of criminal acts of terrorism in Indonesia. The research method used is a normative legal research method which uses library materials as main data, namely secondary legal materials. Then the legal materials are analyzed descriptively qualitatively to obtain results and conclusions from the problem formulations that have been determined. The results of this research indicate that efforts to recover or medically treat victims of terrorism continue to use the same legal basis as the disaster law which has the authority to provide assistance to victims in hospitals. Because all victims of criminal acts of terrorism are the responsibility of the government, which in practice always faces many obstacles.
 
 

The widespread movement of terrorism throughout the world is clear evidence that terrorist organizations are always developing and adapting to phenomena that occur globally. deradicalization is needed to neutralize the threat of terrorism from individuals who are motivated by religious ideology. In this writing, we will focus on the deradicalization of terrorism convicts in Indonesia. Radicalism is political ideas that are rooted and based on doctrines developed in opposition to the status quo . The deradicalization program in Indonesia consists of various approaches aimed at terrorism convicts. Terrorist groups continue to spread their radical beliefs through various means. Deradicalization as a form of special guidance for terrorism convicts is in accordance with the aim of the correctional system to return inmates to become good citizens so that they can be accepted back into society.
 
 
 

The land holds significant importance for the people in Indonesia and is one of the country's natural resources. As an agricultural country, a large portion of the Indonesian population relies on agriculture as their primary source of livelihood. Farming, which involves cultivating land to produce food, has long been a cornerstone of rural economies. Notaries and Land Deed Officials (PPAT) play a critical role in Indonesia’s legal and land administration systems. Notaries, governed by Law No. 2 of 2014 and Article 1868 of the Indonesian Civil Code (KUHPerdata), are authorized to create authentic deeds, ensure legal certainty, and maintain document custody. Meanwhile, PPATs, under Government Regulation No. 37 of 1998 and Law No. 4 of 1996, are responsible for drafting deeds related to land registration and mortgage rights, including transactions involving the sale, purchase, and transfer of land rights. The distinct authority of notaries and PPATs is clearly defined by the relevant regulations, with the Constitutional Court Decision No. 5/PUU-XII/2014 affirming that their jurisdictions do not overlap, thereby safeguarding legal certainty in land administration.

Examined through the prism of national security, the imperative emerges for the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI) to play a central role in addressing conflicts in Papua, harmonizing effectively with their fundamental mission of promoting the well-being of the local populace. This study aims to establish that achieving resolution in Papua necessitates the implementation of two parallel approaches. In this study, the researcher employs a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The data is systematically, factually, and expeditiously collected following the contextual conditions prevalent during the research period. The findings underscore the viability of conflict resolution in Papua through the dual avenues of military operations for war and military operations other than war, both executed by the TNI soldiers.

Countries in the Indo-Pacific region are increasingly actively using digital diplomacy to build relationships Countries use digital diplomacy by referring to foreign regulations and policies used for countries in conducting multilateral diplomacy, namely the 1964 Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations. Apart from the main guidelines that have arisen, the main problem arises, namely in the practice of international relations, is the lack of regulations and arrangements for digital diplomacy practices for middle power countries such as Indonesia who want to strengthen their role in supporting their country's defense and security. By using the type of normative legal research and the analysis approach, this study produces findings that the need for regulations and arrangements for digital diplomacy that can support Indonesia's role in strengthening the country's defense and security

The development of housing credit provided by the North Lampung Matrix Housing Developer sometimes gives rise to bad credit problems, where the realization of the credit provided does not reach the predetermined target. This can affect North Lampung Matrix Housing activities and impact developer accountability. What is the developer's responsibility for credit in accordance with Law Number 1 of 2011 concerning Housing and Settlement Areas in Matrix Housing in North Lampung? The research results show that the developer's responsibility for credit in accordance with Law Number 1 of 2011 concerning Housing and Settlement Areas at Matrix Housing in North Lampung includes the obligation to collect debtors who experience problematic credit who collaborate with the developer. North Lampung Matrix Housing Partners Bank, basically this obligation has not been specifically regulated in the banking law and still uses general rules such as the Banking Law, Civil Code and Law Number 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies. The absence of special "lex specialis" regulations is a weakness in responsibility when bad credit occurs. All components of North Lampung Matrix Housing have juridical responsibility for all operational activities. Resolving problem loans at Matrix Housing in North Lampung can be done in two ways, namely litigation efforts through the courts and non-litigation efforts through preventive measures such as anticipating the emergence of bad credit, early warning and negotiation.

Students play professional and appropriate roles in society and education as intellectuals and value-added members of society. The purpose of this study is to identify the role of students in protecting the constitution and the role of students in building socio-political awareness and optimism. The research method used in this study is theoretical research, using conceptual methods and legal methods. In preparing this article, the author used Google Schoolar to put library resources online. The conclusion of this study is that upholding the Constitution is not only the task of the Constitutional Court or a few special individuals and institutions, but also of students. Therefore, students must not only play the role of defenders of the Constitution, but also integrate the character of young intellectuals. This oversight may be accomplished in a variety of ways, including through student submission of judicial reports. How important it is for students to work to build public trust in politics. One of the most serious problems for our country and nation today is the issue of public trust in politics.

A nil sentence is very appropriate to apply to defendants whose verdict is sentenced to death, such as in the case of Muhammad Natsir and Heru Hidayat. However, the Dimas Kanjeng case certainly raises a different problem, where the panel of judges imposed a maximum prison sentence of 20 years, so if there are other cases the verdict must be nil. This means that the defendant, who was previously sentenced to 20 years in prison, was not increased to life imprisonment. Another problem is the lack of integrated administration between courts which results in overlapping criminal sanctions that exceed 20 years. Tstelsel's absorption in a sharpened realist concursus states that it is necessary to review the level between crimes that have permanent legal force and crimes that have just been revealed based on higher criminal threats, so that the implementation of a nil sentence achieves the principles of legal certainty, justice and expediency. The implementation of the nil sentence must be socialized to the wider community, especially in the case of Dimas Kanjeng and Muhammad Natsir, who in their decision were sentenced to a nil sentence because they had previously been sentenced to death. The aim of the outreach is to ensure that there is no misunderstanding of the defendant's release from criminal sanctions, because a zero verdict arises because the verdict has been maximum and can no longer be handed down. Judges need to interpret in more depth the basic reasons for giving a nil verdict which is linked to SEMA No. 1 of 2022 to better ensure justice and benefits for society, which of course is adjusted to the legal facts obtained during the trial period.

Debtor bankruptcy is a critical issue that has a significant impact on the performance of credit payments in the banking sector, especially at the BRI Batam Branch Office. This study aims to analyze the juridical impact of debtors' bankruptcy on credit payment performance in BRI Batam, focusing on the direct influence of bankruptcy on bank liquidity, asset quality, and bank operations. In the legal context, debtor bankruptcy is regulated by Law Number 37 of 2004 concerning Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations, which provides a framework for the bankruptcy process and its settlement. The research method used is normative juridical, with a case approach to collect empirical data from the BRI Batam Branch Office. Data was collected through interviews with bank management, analysis of bankruptcy documents, and literature review related to bankruptcy laws and regulations. Data analysis was carried out in a descriptive analytical way to understand the legal implications and operational impact of debtor bankruptcy on credit payment performance.The results of the study show that debtor bankruptcy significantly affects the liquidity and credit payment performance in BRI Batam, with direct consequences in the form of an increase in bad loans and a decrease in interest income. Delays in legal proceedings and asset liquidation also add to the bank's operational burden. Based on these findings, it is recommended that BRI Batam should improve its credit risk monitoring system and adopt a more effective risk management strategy to anticipate and overcome potential bankruptcy. The government is expected to accelerate the legal process related to bankruptcy to minimize the negative impact on the banking sector and the economy as a whole.
 
 

Knowing how legal remedies are in the use of social media, social media has become a phenomenal and inseparable need for the Indonesian people. Some of the features possessed by social media include uploading statuses, sharing news pages, chatting, audiovisual communication and other features. Even though all people's behavior on social media platforms has been regulated by law, criminal acts as cybercrime still occur. Cybercrime is an unusual form of crime, in fact this crime can not only harm society, but can cause losses, and the peak can even destroy a country. This information age is often referred to as the digital revolution through technological developments and the development of communication tools. The internet is an information and communication technology that is most often encountered in human activities. The internet is one for surfing in cyberspace without any restrictions, a network that is very easy to access. The Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP) and the Law on Information and Electronic Transactions (UU ITE), namely Law Number 19 of 2016 Amendments to Law Number 11 of 2008 have been applied to cyber crime.