This study aims to describe the effectiveness and efficiency of the management of School Operational Assistance (BOS) funds at SMAN 2 Sidrap. BOS funds are a government program aimed at supporting the financing of school operational needs at the elementary and secondary education levels. This program is expected to improve access and quality of education, but its implementation is still faced with various obstacles such as delays in disbursement of funds, lack of transparency, and a suboptimal reporting system. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach, with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation studies. Informants in this study consisted of the principal, treasurer, teachers, and BOS fund management staff. The results of the study indicate that in general the management of BOS funds at SMAN 2 Sidrap has been running quite effectively and efficiently. Effectiveness is reflected in the use of funds that contribute to improving the quality of educational services, such as the procurement of learning facilities and the implementation of extracurricular programs. Efficiency is seen in the use of funds that refer to the priority scale of school needs. However, obstacles are still found such as delays in disbursement of funds from the central government that impact the smooth implementation of school activities, and financial reporting that has not been fully documented systematically and periodically. This research provides an important overview of the real conditions of BOS fund management in schools and is expected to provide input for related parties in order to improve the education financial governance system to make it more transparent, accountable, and sustainable.

A Research has been conducted on the production of roselle flower fruit leather using stevia as a natural sweetener substitute for sucrose and pectin as a stabilizing agent. This study involved variations in the amount of stevia sweetener (0.2 ml and 0.3 ml) and pectin concentrations (1% and 2% of the ingredient weight). Sensory evaluation of the fruit leather product included parameters such as color, aroma, taste, texture, and overall preference. The sensory test results showed that sample 620 was the best product, with a composition of 0.3 ml stevia sweetener and 2% pectin concentration. This product was characterized by a deep red color, a fresh sour aroma distinctive of roselle, a pliable texture that could be rolled, and a balanced sweet-sour taste that was preferred by the panelists. Nutritional content analysis of the best product, based on laboratory testing, revealed the following per 100g of fruit leather: 105.80 mg of antioxidants, 19.88 mg of vitamin C, 26.55% total sugar, 1.02% ash content, and 21.05% moisture content. Additionally, the selling price of the roselle flower fruit leather product was determined to be IDR 45,000 per 100-gram package.

The purpose of this study is to describe: (1) Customer Relationship Management (CRM) at Andalas University Library; (2) user loyalty at Andalas University Library; (3) the effect of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) on user loyalty at Andalas University Library. This type of research is quantitative with a descriptive method. The population in this study were all visitors to Andalas University Library as of 2023, totaling 140,928 and a sample of 100 people. Sampling using simple random sampling technique. Data analysis was carried out through the stages of examination, tabulation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study indicate that: (1) the implementation of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) at Andalas University Library has been implemented well, this can be seen from the responses given by respondents who stated that the completeness of technology-based services at Andalas University Library is relatively complete and makes it easier for users to get the books or references they need. In addition, the service process involving officers and users can be carried out quickly and accurately, in addition, the Andalas University library has also been supported by officers who are creative, responsive and able to serve the needs of users; (2) the level of loyalty of users who visit the Andalas University library is also relatively high, this can be seen from the existence of repeat purchases that occur repeatedly, in addition, users have a high level of retention, this can be seen from their actions to always want to visit the library almost every day, in addition, users are also concluded to have a high level of referrals, this can be seen from the number of respondents who choose to agree to invite friends to come and read books at the Andalas University Library; (3) according to the results of the hypothesis testing through the t-statistic test, it was found that Customer Relationship Management (CRM) has a positive and significant effect on user loyalty in visiting the Andalas University Library. These findings indicate that the better the implementation of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) felt by users, the more their loyalty will increase. The results obtained at the first hypothesis testing stage are in line with the proposed hypothesis, so the first hypothesis is accepted.

The purpose of this journal's research is to discuss the development and progress of the automobile industry in the face of technological change, especially through the important role of racing events and exhibitions in Anisa Lim's novel The Mechanics. A positive path for racing events, arousing competitive spirit  and promoting improved vehicle performance. We will promote the development of the latest technology. In addition, automobile trade fairs are considered an important platform for the presentation of consumers and industry representatives. A detailed analysis of the role of these events is expected to provide deeper insights into the dynamics of the automotive industry in the current technological era and provide positive prospects for future development directions. Masu. Quantitative methods are used in this study. The analysis process also considered variable determination and measurement. Identify the variables you want to investigate. B. Improving vehicle performance, sales, or adoption of automotive technology. Quantitative methods are about testing hypotheses against existing theory. Therefore, this research tends to be objective and not deep. Through this study, we will provide deep insights into technology, automobiles, evolution, and progress, in order to expand our experience and knowledge about the innovation process of new jobs, especially in the technology field

The aim of this research is to determine the effect of the cooperative integrated reading and composition learning model on learning motivation for Christian Religious Education & Character Education in class XI of HKBP 2 Tarutung Private High School for the 2023/2024 Academic Year.This research uses a Posttest-Only Control type experimental method. The population is all class XI of HKBP 2 Tarutung Private High School for the 2023/2024 academic year, totaling 160 people. The sample was determined using a technique taken deliberately (purposive sampling) with the specified conditions that the learning material being experimented with was in that class, namely class XI IIS-1 students totaling 32 people as the experimental class and XI IIS-3 totaling 32 people as the control class. The research instrument used a 27 item test. The t test used is the Separated Variance t test according to the test analysis requirements, namely n1=n2 and the variance of the two sample groups is homogeneous. The results of hypothesis testing obtained a value of tcount= 13.9 > ttable (?=0.05; dk=n1+n2-2=62) = ttable 1.669, so H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. This research concludes that students' motivation to learn Christian Religion & Character Education taught using the cooperative integrated reading and composition learning model is higher than that taught using the conventional learning model in class XI of HKBP 2 Tarutung Private High School for the 2023/2024 Academic Year.

The purpose of this research is to find out how much influence the question and answer teaching method used by Jesus in John 4:1-28 has on the learning activity of Christian Religious Education for Class VIII Students of SMP Negeri 4 Tarutung TP 2023/2024, with the hypothesis that there is a positive and significant influence from the method. teaching questions and answers by Jesus in John 4:1-28 on the active learning of Christian Religious Education for Class VIII Students of SMP Negeri 4 Tarutung TP 2023/2024. This research is a population study, namely all 99 students. Data was collected using a closed questionnaire with 45 items compiled by the author based on variable indicators according to the conclusions according to experts' theories. The questionnaire trial was carried out on 48 respondents of class VIII students at SMP Negeri 2 Tarutung using a 45-item questionnaire and after being tested, the results of the validity of the questionnaire trial showed that the value of rcount > rtable = 0.159-0.715 > 0.284 (there were 6 question items that had validity less than rtable = 0.284, namely item numbers 21, 25, 27, 34, 37, 44) and the reliability of the questionnaire trial was at a value of 0.939. It has been tested for validity and reliability. However, in research at SMP N 4 Tarutung, invalid questionnaire items were replaced so that the research was carried out using a new questionnaire. The data analysis technique used is making a distribution table of respondents' answers based on alternative answers, making a distribution table of respondents' answers, looking for the correlation coefficient between X and Y by calculating the Product Moment correlation, testing the real level with the t test, knowing the degree of influence of variable test the hypothesis with the t test. This research concludes that there is a positive and significant influence between the question and answer teaching method by Jesus in John 4:1-28 on the learning activity of Christian Religious Education students in class VIII of SMP Negeri 4 Tarutung TP 2023/2024 with the relationship test obtained rcount>rttable, namely 0.281> 0.195, with a significant test of the relationship between Tcount > Ttable, namely 2.875>1.985. This means that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted.

The aim of this research is to determine the effect of applying the demonstration method on the learning outcomes of Christian Religious Education & Character Education in class VIII of SMP Negeri 1 Sipoholon for the 2023/2024 academic year.This research uses a Posttest-Only Control type experimental method. The population is the entire class VIII of SMP Negeri 1 Sipoholon for the 2023/2024 academic year, totaling 160 people. The sample was determined using a technique taken deliberately (purposive sampling) with the specified conditions that the learning material being experimented with was in that class, namely 32 students in class VIII-C as the experimental class and 32 students in VIII-E as the control class. The research instrument used a 27 item test. The t test used is the Separated Variance t test according to the test analysis requirements, namely n1=n2 and the variance of the two sample groups is homogeneous. The results of hypothesis testing obtained a value of tcount= 13.9 > ttable (a=0.05; dk=n1+n2-2=62) = ttable 1.669, so H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. This research concludes that the learning outcomes of students' Christian Religion & Character Education taught using the demonstration method are higher than those taught using the lecture method in class VIII of SMP Negeri 1 Sipoholon for the 2023/2024 Academic Year.
 
Keywords: Demonstration Method, Learning Outcomes

Children’s education and creativity development program is carried out by the schools around the company areas embodies the company commitment related to the world of education in Samarinda. The aim of this research is to upgrade the service providers in improving the quality of services in Pendikresa Program. The sampling method used is Survey method. The data analysis methods used in this survey were descriptive analysis, customer satisfaction index and importance performance analysis. The results of the analysis illustrated that the survey on Community Satisfaction, underdone by Public Service Delivery Unit shows a figure of 71.20. It can be seen that this number fulfills the category of the value range 60% < IKM ? 80% which illustrates that the IKM value is in the "Good" criteria. The IPA analysis shows what included in the priority quadrant of improvement program, these include indicators such as : the openness of information regarding to program of the implementation procedures;  the ease of program procedures; the accuracy of the implementation program schedule; the effectiveness of program implementation; the technical competency of program implementers; the managerial competency of program managers; the discipline and responsibility of program managers; the clarity of complaints handling procedures; and the clarity of complaint handling time; and) the facilitation procurement of supporting facilities or infrastructure program.

The protection of citizens abroad has become an important issue in contemporary international law. Every country has an obligation to protect its citizens, both inside and outside its territory. However, the implementation of this protection often faces various challenges, especially related to state sovereignty and the principle of non-intervention in international law. This article aims to analyze the international legal basis regarding the protection of citizens abroad, as well as the practices carried out by countries in carrying out these protection obligations. The research method used is juridical-normative with a case study approach. The research results show that the protection of citizens abroad is based on the principles of international law, such as state responsibility, human rights and protection obligations. Countries have developed various mechanisms and legal instruments to realize the protection of their citizens, either through diplomacy, consular or other measures. However, its implementation still faces challenges related to the limitations of state sovereignty and the principle of non-intervention. This article concludes that the protection of citizens abroad is an international legal obligation that must be implemented by every country. Efforts are needed to strengthen the international legal framework and cooperation mechanisms between countries to ensure effective protection for their citizens abroad.

This research aims to improve Learning Achievement in Writing Simple Descriptive Texts Through the STAD Cooperative Learning Model for Class IXB Negeri 6 Sukoharjo Students in Semester 1 of the 2022/2023 Academic Year" The research method uses Classroom Action Research which is carried out in two cycles, each cycle consists of two meetings, with four stages of research: planning, implementation, observation and reflection. The subjects of this study are students of Class IXB Negeri 6 Sukoharjo in Semester 1 of the 202/2023 Academic Year with a total of 36 students. The data collection techniques used are observation, interviews, tests, and documentation. The data analysis used in this study is a qualitative descriptive analysis. The result of this study is to improve Learning Achievement in Writing Simple Descriptive Texts Through the STAD Cooperative Learning model. The results of the success in this study are evidenced by the increase in student learning outcomes in the first cycle of students who managed to get KKM scores, an increase from the initial condition of 18 students (50%) to 23 students (64%) or there was an increase of 14% compared to the initial condition. Meanwhile, in the second cycle, it increased to 32 students (88.8%) or there was an increase of 24.8% from before. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the application of the STAD Learning Model can improve the learning outcomes of Writing Simple Descriptive Texts in Class IXB Negeri 6 Sukoharjo students in Semester 1 of the 2022/2023 Academic Year.
 
 

Pancasila Education plays an important role in shaping the character of Indonesia's young generation amidst the challenges of globalization and technological advancement. The purpose of this research is to understand how Pancasila education can help the younger generation comprehend and internalize the values of Pancasila in their daily lives. The method used is qualitative analysis with a literature study approach. Data were collected from various literary sources, such as books, scientific journals, articles, and other reliable sources. The research results show that more than 70% of the young generation in Indonesia experience difficulties in understanding and applying Pancasila values. The lack of instilling Pancasila values in the educational curriculum has led to a decline in morals and ethics among the younger generation. Therefore, systematic, innovative, and contextual efforts in Pancasila education are needed to attract the interest of the younger generation and help them deeply understand Pancasila values. The conclusion of this research is that Pancasila education is crucial for the young generation of Indonesia to build a strong and moral national character.
 

Curriculum development at SDIT Ananda Prabumulih is important to study from various perspectives. This study will discuss two fundamental aspects of basic curriculum development and curriculum objectives. A discussion of the literature reveals that the curriculum provided by schools is not only limited to subject units and teaching and learning processes but also to all processes that influence the development and formation of students' character as required by national education goals. Curriculum development aims to adapt education and social change and explore untapped knowledge. The curriculum is one of the most crucial components in an education system, therefore the curriculum is a tool for achieving educational goals and at the same time as a guideline in the implementation of teaching at the initial type and level of education. In Islam, the concept of curriculum means manhaj, namely the clear path traversed by educators and their students to develop their knowledge, skills and attitudes. Islamic education curriculum is Islamic educational materials in the form of activities, knowledge and experiences that are deliberately and systematically given to students. in order to achieve the goals of Islamic education.
 

The purpose of this study was to find out how the STAD learning model influences the ability to write readings in 20 grade IV students at SDN 13 Betung, Banyuasin Regency. Through extensive data collection, this qualitative research strategy aims to provide a comprehensive explanation of a phenomenon. The significance of phenomena and the importance of observing them is the main focus of qualitative research methods. In this paragraph, the students' goals for improving their learning of Indonesian are: 1) students can express considerations, presumptions, conjectures, and feelings stored in printed copies in a straightforward manner;(2) Students are able to write about the situation and context in their writing; 3) Students like to write; 4) Students can use linguistic elements in writing literary works. Writing can also be understood as expressing one's feelings, thoughts and intentions to others. Writing is a way to generate ideas and emotions through writing.

The Influence of the POE (Predict-Observe-Explain) Learning Model on Science Learning Outcomes on Changes in the Properties of Objects for Class V Sdn 17 Binamu, Jeneponto Regency. Thesis. Department of Elementary School Teacher Education. Faculty of Teacher Training and Education. Muhammadiyah University of Makassar. Supervisor I Hilmi Hambali and Supervisor II A. Muafiah Nur.This research aims to determine the effect of the POE (Predict-Observe-Explain) learning model on learning outcomes in science material on changes in the properties of objects in class V. This research is a quantitative research using quasi-experimental research design with experimental methods in the form of pretest posttest group control design, with two groups, namely the control group and the experimental group.The data in this research were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis techniques and inferential statistics. The results show that there is an influence of the POE (Predict-Observe-Explain) model in science subjects on science learning outcomes in material on changes in the properties of objects for class V SDN 17 Binamu, Jeneponto Regency. This can be seen in the average posttest score for the control class which only reached 66.74, while the average posttest score for the experimental class reached 82.83. Based on hypothesis testing using the independent sample t test, the tcount value = 6.279, while the ttable value = 2.015. Based on the results obtained because tcount > ttable (tcount = 6.279 > ttable = 2.015), thus Ho is rejected and H1 is accepted.

This study aims to determine the influence of learning discipline and peer environment on student learning outcomes in grade VIII social studies subjects at SMP Negeri 2 Kauman Tulungagung both partially and simultaneously. This research uses a quantitative approach with Ex-post Facto research type. The population in this research was grade VIII students at SMP Negeri 2 Kauman Tulungagung and 89 students were billed as a sample with proportional random sampling technique. Data collection techniques use questionnaires and documentation, while the data analysis used is multiple linear regression. The results showed that: 1) Learning discipline has a positive and significant effect on learning outcomes. 2) The peer environment positively and significantly affects learning outcomes. 3) Learning discipline and peer environment simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on learning outcomes. The Coefficient of Determination (R2) of the two independent variables is 0.625 or 62.5% of student learning outcomes in class VIII social studies subjects at SMP Negeri 2 Kauman Tulungagung.
Keywords: Learning Discipline, Peer Environment, and Learning Outcomes

The role of parents in supporting children's learning in the home environment has a substantial impact on children's academic, emotional, and social progress. Starting from the early stages of development, parents' involvement in supporting their children's learning process at home, along with the strategies they implement, plays a crucial role in achieving this goal efficiently. This research applies the literature study method to explore how parents inspire their children to study at home. The research results emphasize the urgency of the role of parents in triggering children's enthusiasm for learning in the home environment. They are not only providers of learning materials, but also as models and facilitators who influence their children's attitudes and enthusiasm for learning. These findings are in line with learning motivation theories which highlight the influence of social and environmental factors in shaping children's enthusiasm for learning internally and externally. Thus, this research emphasizes that parents have an important role in shaping children's learning attitudes and behavior at home. Therefore, it is important for parents to understand their role in stimulating children's enthusiasm for learning at home and to get support in improving the skills needed in this regard.purpose.

Exercise is a body movement carried out by muscles in a planned, structured and repetitive manner, which involves the use of energy to improve fitness.  According to the World Health Organization (WHO), school age children are children aged 7 to 15 years.  Every individual has traits and characteristics or innate characteristics and characteristics obtained from environmental influences.  The research method used in this research is descriptive analysis with a qualitative approach.  This research uses a qualitative approach.  Physical activity is an important aspect in the lives of elementary school age children.  Elementary school age children still have limitations in terms of body endurance and ability to adapt to heavy training loads.  Primary school age children are in a dynamic stage of development, so there is a need for specially designed training programs to increase their motivation and participation in physical activity.  In this way, the benefits of physical activity can be maximized and support optimal growth and development for elementary school students.  This collaborative effort will help create an environment that supports an active and healthy lifestyle from an early age.

This research aims to analyze the discipline of students with special needs (ABK) with a focus on the role of peer influence. The discipline of ABK students is a crucial aspect of inclusive education development, and the role of peers is considered to have a significant impact on their discipline levels. The research method involves a literature review (library research). The results indicate that peer influence can either positively or negatively affect the discipline of ABK students. Peers providing support and understanding can enhance the motivation of ABK students to maintain discipline. On the other hand, peers who are less tolerant or demeaning can hinder the creation of a conducive educational environment. Certain factors such as understanding the special needs of students, teacher training, and family roles have also proven to influence the discipline of ABK students. The importance of integrating inclusive approaches into the school curriculum and the active involvement of peers in supporting ABK students is urgent. In conclusion, this research highlights the importance of understanding and enhancing the role of peers in shaping the discipline of ABK students. By considering factors such as understanding the special needs of students and the role of the family, more effective strategies can be developed to create an inclusive educational environment that supports the discipline of ABK students.