This study aims to describe the empowerment strategy of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) implemented by the Kebab Kenzatha MSME operating in Bukittinggi City. The background of this study is based on the important role of MSMEs in driving the local economy, particularly in creating jobs, increasing community income, and strengthening the domestic economic structure. MSME empowerment is a vital strategy in ensuring the sustainability and competitiveness of small and medium enterprises amidst increasingly competitive market competition. There are various dimensions in MSME empowerment, such as strengthening the capacity of individual business actors, increasing access to markets, access to capital, utilization of technology, and adequate policy or institutional support. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach. This method was chosen because it is considered most appropriate to comprehensively and objectively describe the various empowerment strategies that have been or are being implemented by MSME actors, particularly Kebab Kenzatha. Through observation and in-depth interviews with MSME owners, researchers obtained information about business activities and marketing strategies implemented. Based on the results of observations, it is known that the Kebab Kenzatha MSME is still managed independently by its owner without the involvement of employees or additional labor. This indicates that its organizational structure is still very simple. Meanwhile, in terms of marketing strategy, this MSME utilizes its closest social networks, such as friends of the business owner and students at Campus V of Padang State University (UNP), as its primary target market. This approach reflects a marketing strategy based on social relationships and word-of-mouth promotion, commonly employed by MSMEs with limited resources. Therefore, the empowerment of the Kebab Kenzatha MSME is still in its early stages and requires further support for optimal long-term development.

Criminal money substitution is a very important instrument and has a crucial role in efforts to recover state losses caused by corruption crimes. Through this mechanism, the state seeks to recover losses incurred due to corruption. Although there are provisions that regulate the crime of substitute money, the implementation of the substitute money policy in Indonesia is considered ineffective in restoring state losses due to corruption. The main problem in this study is how the substitute money policy in corruption in Indonesia today and how the construction of the substitute money criminal policy in the perspective of criminal law reform. The methods used in this study are normative juridical and empirical juridical which are research methods that combine normative legal elements with the addition of empirical data. The data sources used in this study are primary data and secondary data. Data was collected through literature studies and field studies. Based on the results of this study, it can be seen that the policy is considered not to clearly explain how the mechanism for recovering state losses through the penalty of substitute money is related. In practice, currently the return of state losses through the imposition of penalty money in lieu has not been effective. This is because there are still many obstacles. Some of the obstacles in the implementation of this substitute money crime are the limitations of law enforcement officials, lack of coordination between institutions, and the inability to trace and confiscate the assets of perpetrators of corruption crimes. In addition, another obstacle faced at the time of execution is the inability of the perpetrator to return state losses caused by corruption crimes. This is what causes the maximum implementation of the substitute money criminal policy. The construction of the substitute money criminal policy in the perspective of criminal law reform, namely the substitute money policy must be able to enforce the law in Total Enforcement or at least in Full Enforcement, namely demanding the return of all state losses caused by corruption crimes as a whole without any legal loopholes that allow convicts to evade.

This study aims to descriptively explore the role of facility and infrastructure management in enhancing learning effectiveness at the elementary school level, viewed from the perspective of School-Based Management (SBM). SBM is an educational management approach that emphasizes school autonomy in planning, implementing, and evaluating all learning activities as well as managing available resources, including educational facilities and infrastructure.This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collection techniques including in-depth interviews, direct field observations, and document analysis. The subjects of this study include the principal, teachers, and administrative staff responsible for managing school facilities and infrastructure at a selected public elementary school. The main focus is to examine how management processes are carried out and how these contribute to the continuity and quality of the learning process.The findings indicate that the management of facilities and infrastructure is conducted systematically through four main stages: needs planning based on situational analysis, procurement through collaboration with school committees or third parties, optimal utilization of facilities to support learning activities, and regular maintenance to ensure continued functionality. This process involves active participation from various stakeholders, both internal and external to the school, and is guided by the principles of transparency, accountability, and efficiency .Adequate availability of facilities and effective management were shown to create a conducive learning environment, increase student motivation, and support teachers in delivering lessons effectively. Furthermore, well-maintained facilities contribute to fostering a culture of discipline and a sense of responsibility among students. This study recommends enhancing the managerial capacity of principals and staff in facility management and strengthening cooperation between the school, the school committee, and the wider community to support the delivery of quality and sustainable education

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Think Pair Share (TPS) learning model in improving problem solving skills in fractional materials for grade V students at SD Negeri 3 Mantingan. The background of this research is the low ability of students to solve fractional problems, mainly due to procedural misconceptions and lack of opportunities to discuss and construct understanding collaboratively. The method used is the Kemmis and McTaggart model Class Action Research (PTK), which consists of four stages: planning, action, observation, and reflection. The research was conducted in one cycle, involving 28 students as subjects. Data collection was carried out through evaluation tests (pre-cycle and cycle I) as well as observation of student learning activities. The results of the study showed a significant increase in problem solving ability. The average score of students increased from 36.43 in the pre-cycle to 93.21 in the first cycle, with a t-test of 25.18 and a p< value of 0.001, indicating a high significance. Learning completeness increased from 0% to 100%. The TPS model has been proven to be able to overcome misconceptions, especially through the peer scaffolding process in the "pair" stage, which helps students in identifying variables and choosing the right calculation operations. In addition, there was an increase in students' collaborative skills in terms of expressing opinions and asking questions, with an achievement range between 68% to 75%. The main obstacles faced in the implementation of polling stations are the management of discussion time and class noise. However, this was successfully overcome through the use of timers and Student Worksheets (LKPD) equipped with scaffolding questions. It can be concluded that the TPS model is an innovative and effective approach in improving mathematical problem solving skills contextually, in line with the principles of the Independent Curriculum.

The digital era has significantly transformed the external environment of educational institutions, demanding swift, strategic, and innovative adaptation to remain relevant to societal needs. Key external factors such as rapid technological advancement, evolving government policies, globalization of education, and disparities in digital access pose substantial challenges to maintaining educational quality. Institutions that fail to adapt risk falling behind in both learning quality and graduate competitiveness. This study aims to explore effective adaptation strategies for educational institutions amid these digital dynamics. Employing a literature review with a descriptive qualitative approach, the research analyzes various sources discussing educational responses to technological and policy developments. The findings highlight essential strategies such as integrating a technology-based curriculum, adopting digital learning platforms, enhancing educators’ digital literacy, and improving technological infrastructure to support distance learning. Strengthening institutional capacity to manage digital transformation also becomes a vital component. Furthermore, collaboration with stakeholders—government, private sector, and society—is vital for building an inclusive educational ecosystem. Community involvement and industry partnerships can support resource development and ensure curriculum relevance. However, implementation barriers remain, including insufficient teacher training in digital pedagogy, unequal internet access in remote areas, and limited funding. These issues necessitate digital-oriented education policy evaluations and stronger regulatory frameworks to bridge the digital divide. The study concludes that successful adaptation goes beyond merely adopting technology. Sustainable transformation also depends on continuous evaluation and support systems. By implementing the right strategies and addressing key obstacles, educational institutions can effectively navigate digital challenges and foster sustainable, future-oriented learning environments aligned with contemporary demands.

This study aims to describe the effectiveness and efficiency of the management of School Operational Assistance (BOS) funds at SMAN 2 Sidrap. BOS funds are a government program aimed at supporting the financing of school operational needs at the elementary and secondary education levels. This program is expected to improve access and quality of education, but its implementation is still faced with various obstacles such as delays in disbursement of funds, lack of transparency, and a suboptimal reporting system. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach, with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation studies. Informants in this study consisted of the principal, treasurer, teachers, and BOS fund management staff. The results of the study indicate that in general the management of BOS funds at SMAN 2 Sidrap has been running quite effectively and efficiently. Effectiveness is reflected in the use of funds that contribute to improving the quality of educational services, such as the procurement of learning facilities and the implementation of extracurricular programs. Efficiency is seen in the use of funds that refer to the priority scale of school needs. However, obstacles are still found such as delays in disbursement of funds from the central government that impact the smooth implementation of school activities, and financial reporting that has not been fully documented systematically and periodically. This research provides an important overview of the real conditions of BOS fund management in schools and is expected to provide input for related parties in order to improve the education financial governance system to make it more transparent, accountable, and sustainable.

This study aims to determine the effect of picture matching activities on the development of children's fine motor skills at RA Darun Najah. Fine motor skills are skills that involve coordination between small muscles, especially the hands and fingers, which play an important role in children's daily activities and academic readiness. Picture matching activities were chosen as a method to train children's fine motor skills through fun, creative, and educational activities. This study used a quantitative approach with an experimental design involving samples of early childhood children at RA Darun Najah. The instruments used were observation and assessment of fine motor skills before and after participating in picture matching activities. The results showed that there was a significant effect of picture matching activities on improving children's fine motor skills, such as grasping skills, placing objects with precision, and hand-eye coordination. In addition, this activity also contributed to improving children's concentration, focus, and problem-solving abilities. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that picture matching activities are an effective method in supporting the development of fine motor skills in early childhood children at RA Darun Najah.

This research focuses on the application of the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) learning model to enhance student participation at SMAN 6 Pandeglang. This topic is significant because many students exhibit low engagement in collaborative learning environments. TGT, as a cooperative model, involves students in competitive games that encourage their active involvement. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method, following five steps of TGT implementation: information delivery, team formation, games, tournaments, and group awards. The findings indicate that the application of the TGT model successfully improved student participation and motivation. Students reported feeling more engaged and enthusiastic during the learning process. In conclusion, the TGT model is effective not only in increasing student participation but also in fostering 21st-century skills such as collaboration and communication.
 
 

Effective educational planning requires a data-driven approach to optimize time, resources, and decision-making. Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) is a project management method that can support this, especially in large-scale educational projects. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of PERT in educational planning, with a focus on time optimization, resource efficiency, and data-based decision-making. The method used is a literature study, by reviewing various library sources such as journals, books, and research reports. The results of the study indicate that PERT is able to reduce project implementation time, improve resource efficiency and PERT supports data-based decision-making. In conclusion, PERT is an effective method to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of educational planning. Successful implementation requires training, technology support, and good coordination between stakeholders.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on the world of education, forcing a massive transformation of learning from face-to-face to the virtual world. In this article, we emphasize how technology, digital media, and online learning strategies have changed during the pandemic and how they are applied at various levels of education. In the online learning process, both teachers and students face challenges and opportunities, according to literature research conducted in several recent books and journals. Information technology is very important to convey information and encourage students to learn. This transformation not only affects learning methods but also requires innovation in curriculum and teaching methods to be more flexible and adaptive. The digital era has encouraged the use of technology in education. This is despite many obstacles, such as limited infrastructure and lack of human resources. This study shows that the readiness of the education system to face the crisis is very important. In addition, in the future, educators and students must be strengthened in digital skills.

Many problems during the learning process result in a decrease in student learning motivation which has a negative impact on academic achievement and makes students less active. This can be seen from (1) the rarity of students asking or responding to questions (2) students rarely communicate difficulties to teachers (3) students are also often late in submitting assignments. With these problems, researchers tried to apply the project based learning model with a constructivist approach analysis implemented at SMA Negeri 1 Majene. The subjects of this study were 38 grade X MIPA students of PAI subjects and one of the PAI subject teachers. The method used is descriptive qualitative, data collection techniques are observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis techniques by means of data collection, data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results of this study students have been faced with a problem and have the ability to analyze complex problems, investigate, evaluate, viewpoints and draw conclusions based on evidence and reasoning coupled with the spirit of student collaboration is very compact in each group, where a collaboration is a process of achieving a goal that is done together helping each other, and the most supportive thing in the learning process activities is the extrinsic factor of students which is the stimulation from outside, namely the people around them. In the application of constructivism in learning, it is expected that students are more active and teachers as facilitators become more innovative.

This research examines the effectiveness of using Kahoot as a learning evaluation medium for mufradat (vocabulary) in Arabic language at LKP Kampung Arab Al-Azhar Pare. The research background indicates that mastering mufradat is crucial in Arabic language learning, yet conventional teaching and evaluation methods are often monotonous and less motivating for students. The objective of this study is to test the effectiveness of Kahoot as an evaluation medium in Arabic language learning for students of Takallam 1 Program. The method used is a combination of qualitative and quantitative with a one-group pre-test-post-test experimental design on 24 students. Research findings show a significant increase in students' average scores from pre-test (35.6250) to post-test (83.5417) after using Kahoot , as well as positive responses from students stating that Kahoot is enjoyable, easy to use, and engaging. The implication of this research is that the use of Kahoot is effective in increasing motivation and learning outcomes of Arabic.

Bullying in elementary schools is a social problem that negatively impacts children’s psychological, social, and academic development. This study aims to examine the various forms of bullying occurring in elementary school settings, the underlying causes, and effective, sustainable prevention strategies. The research employs a qualitative descriptive approach, collecting data through observation, interviews, and document analysis. Findings reveal that bullying in elementary schools includes physical, verbal, social, and cyberbullying forms, which often go undetected due to underreporting. Contributing factors involve family environment, parenting styles, school supervision, and weak character education. Effective bullying prevention requires a comprehensive approach involving character education based on empathy and tolerance, teacher training, parental involvement, and firm yet educative anti-bullying policies. In conclusion, collaboration among all stakeholders in creating a safe and inclusive school environment is crucial to reducing bullying behaviors and supporting children’s optimal development.

This study aims to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of podcast-based learning media through the Spotify application in improving listening skills (Maharah al-Istima’) of 8th-grade students at SMP Muhammadiyah 06 Dau. A quantitative research method with a quasi-experimental approach was employed, involving two groups: the experimental class using podcast media and the control class using conventional methods. Data were collected through observation and tests (pretest and posttest), and analyzed using normality, homogeneity, and independent sample t-test with SPSS 26. The results revealed that the use of podcasts significantly enhanced students’ listening skills. Students in the experimental class demonstrated higher enthusiasm, independence, and active participation compared to those in the control class. Thus, Spotify podcasts can be considered an effective and engaging alternative learning medium for Arabic language education. The study also recommends further research on a broader scale to examine long-term impacts and other influencing variables.

The development of methods in Arabic language learning in Islamic educational institutions has undergone various innovations, one of which is through the implementation of the qira'ah method using the Al-Arabiyyah Baina Yadaik textbook. This research aims to examine how the qira'ah method is implemented using the Al-Arabiyyah Baina Yadaik textbook for students in class 2A at Salafiyah Wustha Islamic Centre Bin Baz Yogyakarta. The qira'ah method, which emphasizes the ability to read and understand Arabic texts, becomes a strategic approach in comprehensively mastering the Arabic language. The Al-Arabiyyah Baina Yadaik textbook, as a systematic and integrated learning reference, is often chosen to develop students' language skills. Through the structured and contextual approach offered by this textbook, it is highly expected that students' ability to read and understand Arabic texts can increase significantly. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach with observation, interview, and documentation techniques. The research findings show that the implementation of the qira'ah method using the Al-Arabiyyah Baina Yadaik textbook has successfully improved the reading ability and understanding of Arabic texts among the students in class 2A. In conclusion, the selection of appropriate methods and teaching materials plays an important role in improving the effectiveness of Arabic language learning, particularly in developing reading and text comprehension skills in pesantren-based educational institutions such as Islamic Centre Bin Baz Yogyakarta.
 
 

Reading delays and low learning focus in grade 3 elementary school students are significant challenges in primary education. This study aims to analyze the factors that cause reading delay and decreased learning focus in grade 3 elementary school students, as well as explore effective learning strategies to overcome them. The method used is a literature study by reviewing various related scientific sources. The results of the analysis show that internal factors such as low reading interest and lack of motivation, as well as external factors such as lack of family support and a less conducive learning environment, contribute to reading delays and decreased study focus. Learning strategies involving phonic methods, multisensory approaches, and the use of educational technology have proven to be effective in improving students' reading and focus skills. The implications of these findings emphasize the importance of the role of teachers and parents in creating a supportive learning environment and implementing appropriate learning methods to address reading delays and improve students' focus on learning.

Literary works are expressions of the author's creativity that reflect the complexity of the author's life and the existing socio-cultural dynamics. Literary psychology functions to understand the psychological aspects contained in literary works, as well as how the author's background and experiences influence the process of creating the work. Drama as a performing art displays conflict, emotions, and interactions between characters that convey messages about social and cultural life. This study analyzes the drama "Ayahku Pulang" by Usmar Ismail, which raises emotional and social themes about the loss of a head of the family, and the psychological impact it has on family members. Abraham Maslow's psychological theory is used to analyze the psychological needs of the characters in this drama, focusing on the hierarchy of human needs, from physiological needs to achieving self-actualization. This study aims to provide insight into the relationship between psychology and literature and to enrich understanding of characters in literary works through a psychological approach.

Identify the effect of the Deans model on improving students' mental motivation compared to students who learn by the methods used, measuring the extent to which the Deniz model affects learning the skills of preparation and receiving volleyball transmissions. The researchers used the experimental method, and the research sample included students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Anbar for the academic year 2024/2025, numbering (40) students; the following research tests were used for the purpose of achieving the research objectives Test the skill of receiving the transmission of the arms from the bottom, testing the skill of preparation from the top with the fingers, mental motivation test The skill tests and mental motivation were conducted after the research sample was completed after it completed the implementation of the program, and at the same time, the method and conditions in which the pre-tests were conducted.  The following statistical parameters were used. Calculates both the percentage values and the mean. And standard deviation. Torsion coefficient and T-test for correlated samples. Through the analysis of the evidence and its statistical processing, it was found that the values of (T) calculated for the test of the skill of receiving the transmitter, preparation, and mental motivation are all significant values when compared to the tabular value of (2.02) at the degree of freedom (39) and the level of significance (0.05). The research results showed that applying the Deniz model had a significant positive effect on mental motivation. It increased students' motivation and self-motivation, which contributed to improved mental performance and concentration during performance. The study also showed that using the Deniz model in training had a major role in improving the skills of receiving transmissions and preparation in volleyball. The ability to receive transmissions with greater accuracy has improved, allowing the ball to be directed more effectively for setup.

Creativity is an important aspect of children's development, especially during their golden age of growth. Pertiwi Kindergarten (TK) in East Piruko Village, Nagari Sitiung is one of the agents that contributes to the formation of children's creativity through various approaches, one of which is with mural media. The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of murals in supporting the development of early childhood creativity and its impact on the learning environment. The study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach that includes observations, interviews with teachers and parents, and documentation of the mural manufacturing process. The results of the study show that murals are not only a sweetener for the school environment, but also an effective learning medium. It provides visual stimuli that enhance children's imagination and creativity, increase the active participation of teachers, parents and the community, and create a sense of belonging to the school environment. The challenges in implementing murals are budget and deadlines, but these can be overcome through collaboration with the community. Overall, murals at Pertiwi Kindergarten serve as creative learning tools that increase children's motivation and participation in the learning process. This study recommends the use of murals as one of the innovative ways of early childhood education.

Understanding scientific concepts in elementary school, particularly the topic of Earth's layers, remains a challenge due to its abstract nature. Low student interest and difficulty in visualizing geospheric structures highlight the need for more contextual and engaging learning media. This study aims to examine the effect of using audiovisual media on fifth-grade students' understanding of science concepts. A quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design was employed, involving two groups: an experimental class using audiovisual media and a control class using conventional methods. The analysis revealed a significant difference in concept comprehension between the two groups. Students exposed to audiovisual media demonstrated greater improvement in understanding compared to those taught through traditional methods. These findings suggest that audiovisual media effectively support students in grasping abstract concepts through engaging visual and auditory presentations. The study implies that integrating interactive learning media is essential to enhance the quality of science education in elementary schools.

This study aims to clearly describe the main character's character education contained in the Novel Cantik Itu Luka by Eka Kurniawan. The main reason the researcher chose the title of this research is to provide an overview to the reading public that novels are not only a medium of entertainment for readers, but furthermore, novels have an important role in instilling the value of character education for novel connoisseurs in general. This study used the descriptive-qualitative method. The data collection technique used by the authors in this study was the reading and note-taking technique. Data analysis techniques used in this research are data reduction techniques and data presentation. The results showed that there were 7 types of character education values, including the values of responsibility, religious values, social care values, independent values, never giving up, romantic characters, and friendly and communicative.

This study analyzes the implementation of the Holistic Integrative Early Childhood Education (PAUD) policy in Surabaya as a strategic step to improve the quality and equity of PAUD services through intersectoral collaboration. Recognizing the significance of integrating education, health, nutrition, and child protection services, this study aims to analyze implementation strategies, challenges, and local innovations in providing holistic services in PAUD institutions in urban areas. This study applies a qualitative descriptive approach, collecting data through policy document analysis, semi-structured interviews with PAUD administrators, teachers, local officials, and parent representatives, and direct observation at several PAUD institutions. The research findings indicate that policy implementation is carried out through structured socialization, the formation of intersectoral coordination teams, and the provision of additional services such as routine health checks and parenting classes. However, challenges remain, such as uneven facilities and infrastructure among PAUD institutions, differences in teachers' understanding of the holistic integrative concept, and a lack of practical collaboration between PAUD institutions and health or child protection agencies. The study also identified local innovations, such as the use of social media to communicate with parents, enriching teaching materials with local cultural insights, and collaborating with universities to support activities. These findings emphasize that successful policy implementation depends not only on national regulations but also on local leadership skills, stakeholder collaboration, and responsiveness to community needs. Therefore, the study recommends improving ongoing training for educators, providing an adaptive policy framework to support local innovation, and developing digital infrastructure to facilitate more efficient communication and coordination.

The purpose of this study is to analyze Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory in the drama performance entitled Ayahku Pulang by Usmar Ismail. In this study, the author uses a qualitative method, because this study is a descriptive presentation in presenting the results of the data studied. Then, considering the breadth and depth of this research, the author uses this research method. Then the data in this study uses YouTube content from an account named Kuddus. The data in this study shows that the psychological system in Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory is found in the personalities of the characters in the drama performance Ayahku Pulang by Usmar Ismail, namely the Id system in the character of Ayah (Raden Saleh), the Super ego system in the character of Ibu (Tina), Maimun and Mintarsih then, the Ego system in the character Gunarto.

The COVID-19 pandemic has drastically changed the way people communicate, especially in the world of education. Learning that previously took place face-to-face has shifted to a virtual system in response to government policies regarding social distancing. This study aims to examine the culture of virtual communication during the COVID-19 pandemic using a literature study approach and secondary data analysis from various trusted sources, including national journals. The results of the study show that virtual communication has become an important part of the learning process during the pandemic. Various platforms such as Zoom Meetings, Google Classroom, and Google Meet are widely used by educators and students to support interaction and the effectiveness of the teaching and learning process. This study also highlights changes in communication patterns, challenges faced by users, and the importance of technological readiness and digital literacy in supporting effective virtual learning during a crisis such as a pandemic.

This study aims to explore the influence of the Discovery Learning model on student learning outcomes and to assess the level of student learning activity on the material of light properties. The type of research used is Quasi Experiment. The study population included all fifth grade students of SDN 060928, with samples taken from 30 students of class VA who applied the Discovery Learning model, while class VB used the conventional learning model. The study began with a pretest, followed by a posttest after the implementation of the Discovery Learning model. The instruments used consisted of a test in the form of 20 multiple-choice questions to measure learning outcomes and an observation sheet to assess student activity. Data analysis tools include validity, reliability, discrimination, and difficulty level tests. Statistical analysis techniques include normality tests, homogeneity tests, two-mean difference tests, and hypothesis tests. Based on the results of the hypothesis test, the average learning outcome in the experimental class was 77.66, higher than the control class which only reached 62.16. In addition, student learning activities in the experimental class using the Discovery Learning model showed a significant level of activity with an average value of 76.30. The use of the Discovery Learning model has a positive effect on student learning outcomes and activities in science learning on the properties of light.
 

Character education is very important to form a strong generation, especially in facing the challenges of the digitalization and globalization era. The purpose of this article is to investigate how character education is incorporated into the national curriculum and how it functions to build students' morals and ethics. This study analyzes literature from various journals, books, and articles that discuss the theory, implementation, and policies of character education in elementary to secondary schools. The results show that character education has become an important part of the national curriculum by strengthening values ??such as honesty, responsibility, cooperation, and anti-corruption. However, the implementation continues to face problems such as lack of teacher instruction, inconsistent implementation, and the strong influence of digital culture. Therefore, schools, families, and communities must work together so that character values ??can be instilled properly. It is hoped that this study will help efforts to improve the quality of character education in Indonesia.

Inclusive education in North Sumatra faces various challenges in its implementation, especially in meeting the needs of children with special needs (ABK). This study aims to identify the challenges and needs of educational units in implementing inclusive education for ABK. The research method used is qualitative with a case study approach, involving in-depth interviews with teachers, principals, parents, and education stakeholders. The results of the study indicate that the main challenges include the lack of understanding and readiness of teachers in handling ABK, limited supporting facilities and infrastructure, and minimal adequate training and resources. On the other hand, the main needs identified are increasing teacher capacity through special training, providing accessible facilities, and strong policy support from the local government. This study concludes that to achieve successful implementation of inclusive education, collaboration between the government, schools, parents, and the community is needed in overcoming challenges and meeting existing needs. Recommendations submitted include strengthening teacher training programs, increasing budget allocation for facilities and infrastructure, and more intensive socialization of the importance of inclusive education for all levels of society.

Bullying in the campus environment is a problem that can disrupt the psychological and academic well-being of students. This article discusses bullying prevention strategies through the use of social media as an effective tool in creating a safe and inclusive campus environment using the library research method. Social media has an important role in students' lives, so it can be used as a medium for bullying campaigns and forming a support community for victims of bullying. In addition, clear and firm campus policies and the active role of lecturers and staff in preventing bullying are also discussed as part of a comprehensive strategy. After combining these various approaches, it is hoped that a campus environment that is free from bullying, supports positive development, and improves overall student well-being can be created.

This research discusses the role of humanistic teaching strategies in enhancing students' learning motivation in Islamic Religious Education (PAI). Humanistic teaching strategies focus on the holistic development of students, addressing cognitive, emotional, and spiritual aspects. Through this approach, students are given opportunities to relate learning material to their personal experiences, which in turn increases their engagement and intrinsic motivation to learn. This research uses the library research method to collect and analyze various literatures related to humanistic teaching, learning motivation, and its implementation in PAI. The findings of this study indicate that the application of humanistic strategies in PAI teaching can create a more inclusive environment, improve positive interactions between teachers and students, and encourage students to learn more meaningfully and with greater motivation.

The creation of this project is based on the Practice-led Research approach through a practical study of casual fashion design with a focus on “Bromo’s Sand as an Idea Source for Casual Wear Creation”. This creation practice study aims to convey design ideas that can add different types of clothing than before. This creation was based on the beautiful and unique idea source of Bromo’s Sand, which is still very minimal to be used as a source of ideas in fashion making. To achieve the goal of creation, the practical method of creation is used through four stages, namely: exploration, design, realization and presentation. The results of this creation are 2 women's casual outfits and 1 men's casual outfit with manipulating fabric denim slashing attached to clothing using application techniques. The results of the creation were presented in a fashion show event in the courtyard of the Surabaya State University rectorate building with the concept of theatrical fashion show which raised one of the tourist and cultural destinations in the Tengger Tribe area, East Java.

The writing of this thesis is motivated by the low creativity found in students, educators have not used a variety of learning models in learning Natural and Social Sciences. The purpose of this research is to increase the creativity of students in Natural and Social Sciences subjects using the project-based learning model for classV. This research is a class action research of two cycles, each cycle consists of two meetings. Each cycle consists of four stages, namely planning, implementation, observation and reflection. The subjects of this research were Class V students of State Elementary School 192/1 Kampung Baru. This research was conducted in the second semester of the 2024/2025 school year. At State Elementary School 192/1 Kampung Baru. The results of the research data analysis show that using the project-based learning model can increase student learning motivation in Natural and Social Sciences subjects in class V of State Elementary School 192/1 Kampung Baru. Details of the results of observations of students using the project-based learning model have increased from cycle I to cycle II with an average value of 66.66% in the less creative category and increased to 93.33% in the Creative category. It is concluded that using the Project-based Learning Model can increase student creativity in Natural and Social Sciences subjects in class V of State Elementary School 192/1 Kampung Baru.

The problem experienced by teachers is that teachers have limitations in conducting assessments during learning due to the lack of teacher insight in accessing creative and interactive assessment support applications by utilizing technology. The main problem in learning based on LCD projector technology in schools is the incompatibility between innovative learning methods and assessments that are still commonplace. The purpose of this study was to analyze the implementation of interactive assessments based on quizizz. The type of research is descriptive qualitative, the research subjects are homeroom teachers and students. Data collection methods through observation, interviews, documentation of learning outcomes, recordings of the learning process, journals and books. The results of the study showed that there was an assessment of the development of elementary school children's learning. The results of the study showed a significant positive influence from the use of quizizz on increasing learning motivation and achieving minimum student competencies. The impact after the evaluation activity of using the quizizz paper mode application was carried out increased student learning motivation and student participation during the activity.
 

The inquiry learning strategy is a learning approach that places students at the center of the learning process by emphasizing the development of critical thinking skills, analysis, and independent concept discovery through a question and answer process, exploration, and investigation. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the inquiry learning strategy in improving students' conceptual understanding and critical thinking skills in certain subjects. The method used is quantitative research with a quasi-experimental design involving an experimental group that applies the inquiry strategy and a control group with conventional learning methods. Data were collected through conceptual understanding tests and critical thinking skills assessment instruments before and after treatment. The results of the study showed that the application of the inquiry learning strategy significantly improved students' conceptual understanding and critical thinking skills compared to conventional learning methods. In conclusion, the inquiry learning strategy is effectively used as an alternative learning method that can improve the quality of the process and student learning outcomes. The implications of this study suggest that teachers integrate inquiry strategies in learning to encourage students to become active and creative learners and improve high-level thinking skills.

The religion of Islam, revealed to the Prophet Muhammad, continues to evolve over time, with Indonesia being a Muslim-majority country with a population of approximately 229.62 million people (87.2% of the total population). With the world's Muslim population projected to reach 2.2 billion by 2030, Indonesia accounts for around 13.1% of the global Muslim population. This study aims to examine the role of social media as a means of da'wah, the challenges faced, and solutions to overcome these challenges. Through a survey involving 76 respondents, it was found that the utilization of social media for Islamic da'wah content is still relatively low; the majority of respondents only occasionally search for and rarely share da'wah content. Challenges in da'wah in the era of globalization include laziness to access content, diverse preferences for preachers and methods, and the existence of invalid content. The findings suggest the need for more effective strategies to increase public interest and participation in da'wah through social media

This study discusses the implementation and impact of the Sipenduk Online system in Dasun Village as part of the digital transformation of population administration services. The purpose of this system is to accelerate and improve the accessibility of public services at the village level. In the era of e-government, this system is a response to various challenges of conventional services such as long queues, slow processes, and geographical barriers. The research method used is qualitative, with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews and direct observation. The results of the study show that Sipenduk Online has a positive impact, such as the efficiency of the administrative process, increased transparency, and ease of access to services without the need for physical presence. The real-time application tracking feature also increases public trust in the system. In addition, the flexibility of time in submitting documents is very helpful for residents with limited mobility. However, several challenges are still encountered, including limited internet infrastructure, low digital literacy among the elderly, and technical glitches in the notification feature. Therefore, it requires upgrading of technological infrastructure, community training, and sustainable system development. Support from the village government and active participation of the community are the keys to the success of this system. The study concludes that the digitalization of public administration in villages can encourage the creation of more responsive and inclusive governance, while contributing to improved service quality, data accuracy, and better development planning.

Academic stress is a common challenge experienced by students due to the burden and pressure in higher education environments. This study conducted a systematic literature analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based psychological interventions and social support in addressing academic stress. By reviewing various empirical studies from leading journals, it was found that mindfulness—through techniques such as Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR)—is beneficial in reducing stress, anxiety, and improving students' emotional regulation and learning focus. In addition, social support from family, friends, and the campus environment acts as a stress buffer by providing emotional support and a sense of connectedness. An approach that combines mindfulness and social support has shown more effective results in helping students manage academic stress. Therefore, it is recommended that higher education institutions develop programs that integrate these two interventions to improve students' mental well-being sustainably.

This study aims to describe the use of YouTube-based instructional videos in optimizing students' learning interaction on Sociology material in Social Studies learning for Grade VII at MTsN 2 Kota Blitar. The research employed a qualitative approach with a case study design. The subjects consisted of a Social Studies teacher and seventh-grade students involved in the learning process using instructional videos. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The findings show that the use of YouTube-based instructional videos enhances students' attention, participation, and engagement in the learning process. Visually engaging and relevant videos help students become more active in discussions, asking questions, and responding to the lesson. Teachers also find it easier to connect the material with real-life contexts through the visualizations provided by the videos. Although challenges such as limited internet access and infrastructure issues were encountered, they were addressed through careful planning. In conclusion, the use of YouTube-based instructional videos proves effective in optimizing students’ learning interaction and provides a more meaningful and enjoyable learning experience.

This study aims to analyze the pricing mechanism based on sharia economic principles implemented at Ayukdiah Store in Sangatta Utara. The research employed a descriptive qualitative method with a case study approach. Data collection techniques included observation, interviews, and documentation. The findings reveal that the pricing at Ayukdiah Store combines cost-based pricing and competitor-based pricing methods, while adhering to sharia principles such as tawhid, justice, accountability, honesty, mutual consent, and the prohibition of usury. This strategy not only maintains business competitiveness but also builds customer loyalty and avoids unethical business practices.

This study aims to explain the urgency of character education as noble values in shaping individual integrity. The research method used is a literature study, focusing on in-depth analysis of literature reviews, journal articles, and books that discuss the relationship between character education and integrity formation. This research started with the selection of a specific research topic, namely the role of character education in the context of noble values. Furthermore, relevant literature sources were identified and critically analyzed to understand the concept and impact of character education on individual integrity. The results show that character education plays a central role in building the foundation of integrity. Through noble values such as honesty, responsibility, and compassion, individuals can form a solid and responsible personality. The literature study also revealed that the implementation of character education is not only relevant in the context of formal education, but also important in the scope of family and society. The conclusion of this study is the importance of character education as an effective strategy in shaping individual integrity. By detailing key concepts and key findings from the literature, this article provides an in-depth look at how character education, especially those based on noble values, can be a strong foundation in building individuals with high integrity. The implications of this study can provide valuable contributions in the development of character education policies that are more effective and relevant in supporting the formation of an ethical generation.
 
 

character has an important role in forming students' personalities from an early age, especially at elementary school level. One of the main character values ??that needs to be instilled is discipline education, which is the basis for forming a responsible and orderly attitude in everyday life. This research aims to examine the implementation of disciplined character education in elementary schools as well as the factors that support and hinder its implementation. The method used is qualitative research with the aim of exploring, studying and describing the implementation of character education in elementary schools. Data was collected through observation, interviews with teachers. And data on all students of SDN KUBANG LABAN SERANG DISTRICT, totaling 40 students consisting of 20 male students and 20 female students who have different characters and SDN KUBANG LABAN SERANG DISTRICT has rules and regulations where the rules must be carried out by female students.  The results of the research show that disciplined character education can be incorporated into the educational process effectively (successfully achieving goals) through habituation activities, teacher example, and rules. However, the implementation of character education also faces obstacles such as lack of parental involvement. application outside the school environment. This research recommends the need for synergy between schools and teachers to instill disciplinary character on an ongoing basis.

This study explores various factors relating to the implementation of digital learning tools intended to inspire excitement among fourth-grade students. The motivation for this research stems from the noticeable lack of student participation, which is associated with the limited availability of diverse and stimulating educational resources. It is proposed that the adoption of digital educational tools can create a more engaging and relevant learning environment, subsequently boosting students' drive to learn. The investigation follows a qualitative framework, utilizing a case study method where data is gathered through the observation and documentation of fourth-grade students in elementary education. Findings from this research indicate that the incorporation of digital educational materials, including teaching videos, interactive assessments, and online learning platforms, markedly enhances students’ engagement and participation in their educational experience. The utilization of digital content fosters a more vibrant classroom atmosphere, aiding students in grasping the material more effectively. In summary, digital educational resources have the potential to significantly improve student motivation, especially within primary schooling.

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of group counseling in improving students' social skills in schools through an analysis of 20 articles that meet the inclusion criteria. The results of the review show that group counseling is effective in developing various aspects of students' social skills, including interpersonal communication, cooperation, empathy, and confidence. Various approaches are applied in the implementation of group counseling, such as modeling techniques, role playing, assertive approaches, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and group discussions. The program also creates a safe space for students to share experiences, gain emotional support, and learn to manage emotions and build positive social relationships. Factors that support the success of the program include counselor skills, a good program structure, and support from teachers, parents, and the school environment. Based on these findings, group counseling can be considered as one of the effective strategies to support students' social and emotional development and improve the quality of learning in schools.

This study aims to determine the influence of the Project Based Learning (PjBL) learning model on students' creative thinking skills in Social Sciences (IPS) subjects at SMP Negeri 8 Gorontalo. Creative thinking skills are one of the 21st century skills that need to be developed in the learning process, especially in social studies lessons that require analysis and solving social problems. This study employed a quantitative approach utilizing primary data from questionnaires distributed to students at SMP Negeri 8 Gorontalo. The sample consisted of 30 respondents, and the data analysis was performed using simple linear regression. The analysis shows that the t-count for the project-based learning model variable is 6.060. To determine whether Ho is confirmed or rejected, the t-table was calculated at a 5% statistical significance level, resulting in a t-table of 1.701. The comparison indicates that the t-count is greater than the t-table. This leads to the rejection of Ho, implying a significant effect of the project-based learning model on students' creative thinking skills.

This study aims to explore the importance of learning media in increasing students' interest and motivation to learn at SDN Pasirbatang. The method used is descriptive qualitative with semi-structured interviews as the main instrument. The results show that varied, creative, and innovative learning media, such as videos, interactive apps, and other aids, can significantly increase students' interest and motivation to learn. Teachers at SDN Pasirbatang implement technology-based learning strategies and methods such as Problem-Based Learning (PBL) and Cooperative Learning to create an interesting and relevant learning atmosphere. However, limited facilities, technology constraints and senior teachers' lack of skills in using technology are the main challenges. Solutions implemented include individualized approaches, learning media innovation, and student empowerment in media making. Based on the questionnaire results, 82% of students supported the use of learning media, showing the effectiveness of visual and interactive media in improving students' understanding and participation. This research confirms the importance of the role of teachers in utilizing learning media to create more meaningful, effective, and efficient learning, so as to improve the quality of education in primary schools, especially in areas with limited facilities.

The natural tourism and cultural arts greatly affects the interest of tourists to enjoy natural attractions and learn about the local art and culture of the Besemah tribe. Its tourist destinations offer a green concept to its natural tourism and provide a unique experience to its local arts and culture. This article aims to dig deeper into the influence of natural tourism and local cultural arts and can find out what aspects affect tourist interest. Through this analysis, it is hoped that it can be understood how natural tourism and cultural arts of the Besemah tribe can influence tourist interest and review related to tourist development. In addition, this article also explains how the impact of natural and cultural tourism affects the economy of local communities. This article was written through a descriptive qualitative method in the form of non-participant observation. The results of the research contained in the article are the great influence of natural tourism and local cultural arts of the Besemah tribe on the interest of the tourists because of the beauty, philosophy behind art and culture, as well as Besemah's typical handicrafts that can be used as souvenirs from Besemah and have an economic impact on the local community. Therefore, there is a need for a form of awareness for local and foreign communities to maintain and preserve nature and cultural arts and continue to improve development so that natural tourism and cultural arts can be known abroad and benefit the local community.

Speaking skills are very important skills for students to master in an era of increasingly high demands. However, there are still many students who experience difficulties in speaking. The main factor that influences speaking ability is the level of self-confidence in students. The purpose of this research is to analyze the impact of self-confidence on students' speaking abilities and to find ways to overcome these problems. The research method used is a qualitative method using interview data collection techniques and literature studies. Interviews were conducted with teachers to obtain empirical data regarding the relationship between self-confidence and students' speaking abilities, while literature studies were used to strengthen the findings with relevant theories. The research results show that students with high self-confidence will actively speak and be able to express their ideas and opinions clearly. Meanwhile, students with low self-confidence will find it difficult to speak to express their thoughts or have the courage to speak in public. Speaking skills greatly influence students' activity during the learning process so that if left untreated it will hinder their academic and social development.
 
 

This research aims to improve student learning outcomes by using a true or false strategy. This type of research is classroom action research. Data collection techniques use observation, documentation, interviews and tests. The data analysis technique uses quantitative data analysis with simple statistics and classroom action research procedures using 2 cycles of the Kurtlewin model. This research was able to obtain learning results in cycle I of 58.33%. After reflection, learning activities in cycle II became 83.33%, resulting in an increase of 25%. Then, the percentage of students who completed cycle I was 59.02% and students who completed cycle II was 77.08%, resulting in an increase of 18.06%.

Teacher welfare is a crucial factor in determining the quality of teaching, especially at the elementary school level which is the foundation of children's education. This article aims to examine the relationship between teacher welfare and improving the quality of teaching. Through a qualitative approach with literature study and descriptive analysis, it was found that welfare which includes financial, emotional, social, and professional aspects has a direct impact on teacher motivation, performance, and interaction in the classroom. The results of this study recommend increasing attention to teacher welfare as a key strategy in elementary education reform.

This article discusses the influence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) usage in the evaluation of Indonesian language learning among university students. The study explains that AI is used by students to help understand the material, improve assignments, and receive feedback more quickly. Using a descriptive quantitative approach, the article also explores students’ perceptions of the effectiveness of AI in supporting academic evaluation. It highlights ethical and technical challenges that arise, such as technological dependency and the low level of lecturer involvement in the use of AI. In addition to outlining key survey findings, the article provides an overview of the benefits, drawbacks, and potential of AI in enhancing the quality of educational evaluation.

Communication is a very important activity in life, including in the context of education. This study aims to explore the level of communication between students and teachers and its impact on the learning atmosphere. In education, effective communication between teachers and students plays a key role in forming a smooth and conducive learning process. This study shows that a two-way relationship between teachers and students can improve students' understanding of the material and learning motivation. The results of the study convey that communication barriers, such as language disparities and an unsupported learning environment, can interfere with the learning process. Therefore, it is crucial to identify these barriers in order to apply effective tactics to overcome them and improve the quality of learning. A friendly, concise, and attentive teacher communication style has been shown to create a more enjoyable and productive learning experience. This study also emphasizes the importance of shared communication that can influence students' emotions and empathy, as a result of creating a conducive and effective learning atmosphere. Overall, this study is needed to contribute theory and practice to understanding the dynamics of communication in education, and as a basis for teachers to improve the quality of communication in the learning process.

The integration of English language teaching with contemporary Islamic educational values is an innovative approach that combines language mastery with character development based on Islamic principles. This approach aims to address dual needs: fostering global competencies while preserving cultural and religious identity. Integrating values such as honesty, responsibility, respect, and tolerance into the English curriculum enriches the learning experience and promotes character building among students. Teachers play a vital role as facilitators, utilizing creative and culturally relevant materials, such as Islamic texts, Qur'anic stories, and historical narratives, to create a meaningful learning environment. This approach not only enhances language skills but also instills ethical and spiritual dimensions in education. Despite challenges such as limited teacher training and the availability of suitable teaching materials, the integration of Islamic values into English language teaching offers a holistic framework for shaping individuals who are both globally competent and morally grounded. This study emphasizes the importance of aligning educational practices with Islamic principles to prepare students for a connected modern world while preserving their religious and cultural heritage.
 
 
 

This study discusses the analysis of cyber literature in the poem "Asmaraloka di Sepotong Senja" by Ibnu Fatih through a semiotic approach. This study aims to reveal the meaning contained in the poem using Roland Barthes' semiotic approach, such as denotative, connotative, and mythical meanings, while analyzing how digital elements such as hypertext and hyperlinks. The method used is qualitative descriptive with semiotic theory as the basis for analysis. Data were obtained from words in the poem that were analyzed in depth. The results of the study show that this poem contains longing in the twilight atmosphere with poetic emotional nuances. Denotatively, the poem describes hope and separation, connotatively there is a deep meaning about the steadfastness of love. Meanwhile, the myth implied in the poem is related to spiritual values in meetings and separations. This study confirms that cyber literature is able to expand the meaning of poetry and the semiotic approach is an effective tool in describing the meaning.

West Java is a province rich in history, culture, and traditions that form an essential part of Indonesia's national identity. Culture-based education plays a strategic role in shaping the character and cultural appreciation of younger generations toward the nation's heritage. This study employs a qualitative approach by introducing elements of West Javanese culture to students at SDN Sepang, Serang City, through visual learning media. The visuals depict cultural elements such as Jaipong dance, Wayang Golek puppetry, Angklung musical instruments, traditional clothing, and regional cuisine. The findings indicate that visual media effectively enhances students' interest and understanding of local culture while fostering a sense of pride and love for cultural heritage. The pedagogical approach, inspired by the Montessori method, offers students the freedom to explore, thereby promoting creativity and independence in learning about culture. This cultural learning not only preserves traditional values but also serves as a means of social transformation in addressing the challenges of globalization. The study emphasizes the importance of integrating local culture into the formal education curriculum, the need for teacher training, and community involvement to support sustainable cultural education. Therefore, culture-based education can serve as a strong foundation for cultivating knowledgeable, culturally-rooted, and character-driven future generations, contributing to sustainable national development.

This research is motivated by the implementation of the Full Day School system which has a significant impact on students' learning motivation. The formulation of the problem in this study is: (1) How is the implementation of the Full Day School system at SMA Negeri 1 Ngunut? (2) What is the strategy in increasing the motivation to learn history subjects for class X students at SMA Negeri 1 Ngunut? (3) What are the obstacles or barriers to the implementation of the Full Day School system in increasing the motivation to learn history subjects for class X students at SMA Negeri 1 Ngunut? The objectives of this research are (1) to find out the implementation of the Full Day School system at SMA Negeri 1 Ngunut, (2) to find out the strategies for increasing motivation to learn the subject of History for class X students at SMA Negeri 1 Ngunut, (3) to find out the obstacles or barriers to the implementation of the Full Day School system in increasing motivation to learn the subject of History for class X students at SMA Negeri 1 Ngunut. This study uses a qualitative-descriptive approach with data collection through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis is carried out through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The informants of this study include History teachers and grade X students at SMA Negeri 1 Ngunut and all parties involved. The results of the study indicate that there are 2 strategies in increasing student learning motivation by History subject teachers at SMA Negeri 1 Ngunut, namely Intrinsic Motivation and Extrinsic Motivation. The obstacles or barriers experienced include: 1) Physical fatigue, 2) Mental saturation, 3) Teacher capacity and varied learning methods.
 
 

This study aims to address the low interest in learning among students in the Social Studies subject at SMPN 1 Ngunut, caused by monotonous conventional teaching methods. The field trip method is implemented to provide direct learning experiences, linking theory to real practice. The research problem includes the influence of the field trip method on the interest in learning Social Studies among eighth-grade students. Using an associative quantitative approach, the research population consists of 386 students, with a sample of 40 students selected randomly. Data were collected through interviews, questionnaires, and documentation, and analyzed using simple linear regression. The results indicate a positive and significant influence of the field trip method on students' interest in learning Social Studies, with a strong effect of 64.2%. The t-value (7.935) exceeds the critical t-value (2.02439) with a significance level of 0.00, thus the alternative hypothesis is accepted. The correlation coefficient (R) of 0.790 indicates a strong relationship, meaning that the application of this method increases students' interest in studying Social Studies.

This study was motivated by the decline in the cleanliness quality of the school environment due to students’ low awareness and concern for environmental preservation. The Adiwiyata Program is expected to cultivate a culture of environmental care in schools, although its implementation has not been optimal. This study aims to analyze the influence of the Adiwiyata Program implementation on the environmental awareness and concern of seventh-grade students at UPT SMPN 1 Sanankulon, as well as the relationship between awareness and concern. The research used a quantitative approach with a causal-comparative method. A total of 26 students were selected as the sample using the Slovin formula. Data collection was conducted using questionnaires, and data analysis involved simple linear regression and correlation coefficient tests. The results showed that the implementation of the Adiwiyata Program had a significant influence on environmental awareness (67.1%) and environmental concern (82.4%). Furthermore, there was a strong and positive relationship between environmental awareness and concern, indicated by a Pearson correlation value of 0.762. These findings imply the importance of optimizing the Adiwiyata Program to enhance students' environmental awareness and concern within the school environment.

This study aims to determine the influence of teachers‘ teaching variation skills and learning interest on student’ learning activities, both partially and simultaneously, in the subject of Social Science for class VIII at SMP Negeri 1 Atinggola. The study adopted a quantitative approach utilizing a correlational method. The Primary data were obtained through questionnaire. The sample of the study consisted of 64 respondents. Furthermore, the data was performed using multiple linear regression. The findings indicate that both teaching variation skliss and learning interest significantly influence students’ both patially and simultaneously. The partial influence of the teaching variation variable on learning activities is 29.6%, whereas the partial influence of learning interest on learning activities is 27,9%. The simultaneous influence of teaching variation and learning interest on learning activities is 57,5%, with the remaining 42.5% influenced by other unexamined variables.

This study focuses on the development of reading comprehension skills through the implementation of critical thinking strategies in Grade V elementary school students. Reading comprehension is not merely about decoding texts but involves understanding, interpreting, and analyzing the content. The integration of critical thinking aims to encourage students to become active readers who can question, evaluate, and make inferences based on the information they read. This research employs a qualitative descriptive approach by observing teaching practices and student responses in the classroom setting. Findings reveal that using critical thinking techniques—such as asking higher-order questions, making predictions, and drawing conclusions—helps students engage more deeply with the text. These strategies also improve their ability to connect prior knowledge with new information, fostering a more meaningful reading experience. Teachers play a vital role in guiding students to think reflectively and independently. The study concludes that consistent application of critical thinking in reading lessons significantly enhances students’ comprehension and supports the development of lifelong learning skills.

This research examines students’ difficulties in conveying English diphthongs, especially closing and middle diphthongs. This study was conducted qualitatively with a phenomenological approach through interviews with students in the first semester of the English Language Education Study Program at the State Islamic University of North Sumatra. The research results show that the influence of mother tongue is very significant on the accuracy of different pronunciations. The main factors include difficult vowel transitions, differences in phonological systems between Indonesian and English, and the substitution of diphthongs for pure vowels. Closing diphthongs such as /e?/, /a?/, and /o?/ were found to be more difficult to pronounce than middle diphthongs because they require faster and more accurate vowel movements. Apart from that, internal factors such as lack of self-confidence also contribute to pronunciation errors. This study suggests the use of intensive practice, learning technology, and immediate feedback to improve diphthong pronunciation accuracy.

This research aims to explore the use of digital maps in enhancing the local geography understanding of elementary school students. (SD). Digital maps, which offer geographic information interactively and visually, have great potential in helping students understand geographic concepts related to their surroundings. The use of digital maps in local geography education in elementary schools is an increasingly popular educational innovation in Indonesia. Digital maps help students understand geography concepts and support educational principles. Local geography learning, which includes knowledge about location, distance, and the relationship between humans and nature in the surrounding area, can be better understood through the use of digital maps. This research uses the Library Research method. The results of the study show that digital maps help students more easily recognize and identify various elements of local geography, such as geographical location, topographical differences, and the distribution of natural and human resources. Additionally, the use of digital maps also increases students' motivation and engagement in learning, as the teaching materials are presented in a more interesting and interactive manner. Thus, this research concludes that the integration of digital maps in local geography learning can enrich students' learning experiences, clarify their understanding of geographical concepts, and improve the quality of geography education at the elementary school level.

The aim of this research is to evaluate the performance of educators and education staff at MTS Negeri 2 Jember using the interview method. Performance evaluation is an important aspect in measuring the performance of educators and education personnel in order to improve the quality of education and the effectiveness of school management. This research uses interview techniques to collect direct data from stakeholders regarding their perceptions of the evaluation system implemented, challenges faced, and suggestions for improvement. The findings show that even though the evaluation was carried out formally, there are several aspects that still require improvement, such as communication, consistency of implementation, and understanding of evaluation metrics. Therefore, better research is needed, dissemination of evaluation criteria, and a more collaborative evaluation approach.

This research aims to analyze the social and cultural elements contained in the novel Laskar Pelangi by Andrea Hirata. As a literary work that reflects the reality of life in the Belitong Malay community, this novel contains various social values, such as solidarity, the importance of education, and social inequality, as well as cultural values, including local traditions, religiosity, and local wisdom. The research uses a qualitative descriptive method with content analysis techniques. The research results show that the novel Laskar Pelangi not only presents an inspiring story about the struggle for education, but also becomes a medium for preserving and representing the social and cultural identity of the Belitong Malay community. This makes this novel relevant as study material in understanding the social and cultural dynamics of Indonesian society.

The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of teachers' pedagogical competence on elementary school students' reading and writing skills through a literature review method. The review was conducted on five scientific articles published in the last five years (2020-2024) and discussed the relationship between pedagogical competence and students' literacy skills. The results suggest that teachers with high pedagogical competence, which consists of teachers' understanding of students' characteristics, lesson planning and implementation, and evaluation, are able to improve students' literacy skills more effectively. The application of varied, contextual and student-centered learning strategies contributed to improving students' reading and writing skills. Although external factors such as the family environment are also influential, the role of the teacher remains the main factor in the literacy learning process at the primary level. The findings confirm the importance of developing teachers' pedagogical competencies through continuous training in order to improve the quality of literacy education in primary schools.

The purpose of this study is to examine the values of local wisdom when used in cooperative learning in fourth grade elementary school classrooms. Contextual learning that aligns with students’ cultural environment plays a crucial role in enhancing their engagement in the learning process. This study uses qualitative and descriptive methods. Data collection methods include documentation, in-depth interviews, and observation. This study explores the integration of local cultural values—such as consultation, mutual assistance, mutual respect, and traditional games in cooperative learning. The results show that applying local wisdom in cooperative learning can improve the learning atmosphere, create better social interaction, and increase student participation. The results indicate that local wisdom can serve as a strong foundation for building learning that is relevant, contextual, and rooted in students' culture.
 

The aim of this research is to study and analyze the language styles contained in the lyrics of Nadin Amizah's song "All I'm Celebrated" using stylistic studies. Song lyrics are a type of literature that aims to be expressive and beautiful and contain deep emotional messages. In the lyrics, figures of speech such as personification, metaphor, repetition, symbolism and hyperbole are analyzed using qualitative descriptive methods. The research results show that this language style functions to strengthen meaning, create a reflective atmosphere, and create emotional closeness between the singer and the listener. The lyrics of this song show a poetic message about self-acceptance and the unique beauty of language through the stylistic approach used. According to this research, "All of Me is Celebrated" is an example of a musical that is stylistically and can be analyzed like a literary work.
 
 

This article delves into the challenges of low reading interest and comprehension skills among primary school students, emphasizing the need for collaborative efforts to address these issues. Reading interest plays a pivotal role in academic development, making its enhancement a shared responsibility among students, teachers, and parents. Through a comprehensive literature review of relevant journals sourced from Google Scholar, the article identifies effective strategies to foster reading interest and improve comprehension skills. Key findings suggest that employing engaging instructional techniques can significantly boost students' reading interest and comprehension abilities. Additionally, cultivating reading habits from an early age by providing appealing reading materials has been shown to establish lasting reading habits into adulthood. Proficient reading skills not only broaden knowledge but also stimulate imagination and creativity. Consequently, educators are encouraged to actively implement effective reading strategies to support literacy development in primary schools.

This research aims to determine the influence of painting with natural materials on the development of elementary school children's creativity. Through literature studies, this research analyzes various relevant publications to identify the concept of creativity, the benefits of using natural materials in art learning, as well as the results of previous research related to this topic. The research results show that painting activities with natural materials have great potential in stimulating children's creativity through various aspects, such as critical thinking skills, imagination and self-expression. Apart from that, this activity can also improve fine motor skills, hand-eye coordination, and environmental awareness in children. The use of a variety of natural materials and their multisensory nature can provide a fun and meaningful learning experience for children, thereby encouraging their interest and motivation to learn.

This research aims to analyze the implementation of cooperative learning strategies in developing students' collaboration skills in learning in SD/MI based on a literature review. Cooperative learning is considered relevant because learning requires students to work together in groups to find solutions to problems given to them. The method used in this research is a literature study, where researchers collect and analyze various literature sources related to contextual learning and its application in learning. These sources include books, scientific journals, and previous research that supports contextual learning theory and practice. The results of this literature review show that cooperative learning strategies can increase student involvement and student collaboration skills in learning. Thus, this strategy can encourage student involvement in group activities and collaboration, forming a learning environment that supports the development of various crucial skills.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of reading habits at home on elementary school students' reading comprehension skills using a literature review approach methodology (library research). Reading comprehension skills are a significant factor in learning activities, and early reading habits in the family environment are considered to have a great influence in improving them. Based on the results of studies from various literature sources, it was found that students who regularly carry out reading activities at home tend to have better levels of reading comprehension, more vocabulary, and higher reading interest compared to students who do not have these habits. Many influencing factors such as parental involvement, variety and availability of reading materials, and special time for reading at home, foster this influence. Thus, improving reading culture at home is an important strategy to support the literacy success of elementary school students.

Aggressive behavior in adolescents is a complex problem and can have an impact on emotional, social, and psychological development. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors that influence individual aggressiveness and evaluate effective forms of intervention in dealing with it. This study used a literature study approach by analyzing 30 accredited national journals in the last five years. The results showed that aggressive behavior was triggered by external factors such as authoritarian parenting, excessive use of social media, and online game addiction. On the other hand, internal factors such as low self-control and inability to manage emotions also play a role. Early detection is an important step to identify risks early on. Interventions that have proven effective include educational programs, self-management-based group guidance, and individual counseling services. Collaboration between parents, education, and professionals is needed to create an environment that supports positive adolescent maturity and development.
 
 

The objectives of this study are: (1) To analyze the extent to which the effectiveness of online business contributes to increasing sales turnover, and to analyze the factors that influence the success of online business strategies in increasing company profits. (2) To optimize market reach through appropriate digital marketing strategies. (3) To create added value or unique products to compete in the market. (4) Increase sales through a variety of products that suit market needs.The type of research that the author uses in this study is field research where to obtain accurate data, the author comes directly to the research location, namely the Zareen kebaya rental shop, Jalan Poros Kabo, Swarga Bara housing complex, extension block I no. 2, North Sangatta. The informants in this study were the shop owner and employees of the Zareen kebaya rental shop. In data collection, the researcher used interview, observation, documentation techniques and the data obtained, collected and processed descriptively qualitatively.Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that online promotion at zareen kebaya rental is effective in increasing turnover through social media strategies, attractive promotions through video and photo content, customer testimonials, and responsive services that build loyalty. This method has been running well even though there are still obstacles. The obstacles experienced by the store are up and down sales, namely, monitoring demand patterns through social media, working with suppliers to increase stock, providing collections that can be worn at many events, and adjusting collections based on market trends. This strategy allows the store to continue to meet customer needs and increase sales.

This study is motivated by the low learning outcomes of students in science subjects, particularly in the topic of energy transformation in fourth-grade elementary school. The lack of student engagement during conventional teaching methods is considered a major factor contributing to poor conceptual understanding. Therefore, this research aims to examine the effectiveness of interactive learning in improving students’ academic performance on the topic. A quantitative approach with a descriptive method was employed. The participants were fourth-grade students at a public elementary school, with data collected through learning outcome tests and classroom observation. The results showed that the implementation of interactive learning significantly enhanced student participation, clarified the concept of energy transformation, and promoted deeper understanding. Students’ average test scores demonstrated a notable improvement after the interactive learning approach was applied. These findings suggest that actively engaging students in the learning process can serve as an effective strategy to address low academic performance in specific science topics. The implications highlight the importance for teachers to adopt more varied and engaging teaching methods to improve the quality of elementary science education.

Many parents are not interested in enrolling their children in Integrated Islamic Elementary Schools (SDIT), particularly in the Pulo Ampel and Kadumerak Districts of Serang City. One of the main contributing factors to this issue is the parents’ economic condition, especially when compared to the affordability of public elementary schools. The lack of enthusiasm among parents toward SDITs, in contrast to public schools, forms the basis of this research. This study employs a qualitative research strategy with a specific research design. The researcher selected a sample of thirty (30) informants using purposive sampling, with the research subjects being parents of school-age children. Data collection tools included observation sheets and questionnaires, and information was gathered through in-depth interviews, systematic observation, and detailed documentation. The data analysis followed the steps outlined by Miles and Huberman: (1) data collection, (2) data reduction, (3) data display, and (4) drawing conclusions. Triangulation and related methods were used to ensure the accuracy of the data. The results showed that 70% of parents from Kadumerak District and 60% from Pulo Ampel District did not choose SDIT due to the high cost of tuition. The primary factor discouraging parents from enrolling their children in SDIT was the mismatch between school fees and the parents’ financial capacity. Additionally, the intensive school schedule often led to student fatigue and reduced time for other activities.

This study aims to describe in depth the role of teachers in shaping the religious values of grade IV students at the Ash-Shiddiiqi Integrated Islamic Elementary School (SDIT) Jambi City. Religious values are an important part of the formation of children's character from an early age, especially in the Islamic-based school environment. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach. Data collection techniques are carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study show that teachers play a major role in the formation of religious values through example, habituation, integration of religious values in learning, and cooperation with parents. The formation of religious values is not only carried out in the classroom, but also through school activities with Islamic nuances such as congregational prayers, memorization of the Qur'an, and daily prayers. The success of religious character formation is greatly influenced by the consistency of teachers and support from the school and family environment.

This article aims to examine the role of visual media in enhancing elementary school students’ understanding of science (IPA) concepts through a literature review approach. The study was conducted by analyzing various references, including academic journals, instructional books, and educational articles related to the topic. The findings indicate that visual media plays a significant role in helping students comprehend abstract scientific concepts by presenting information in an engaging and visually accessible manner. Furthermore, visual media has been shown to increase students’ learning motivation and participation in the learning process. Therefore, the use of visual media is recommended as an effective instructional tool in elementary science education.

This Study aims to describe the implementation of teacher professional ethics at Palangkaraya Christian High School and identify the challenges faced the context of 21st century learning. Teacher professional ethics are a very important moral foundation in carrying out educational tasks, especially in an era marked by technological developments, globalization, and changes in students character. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that most teachers at palangkaraya Christian high school have implemented etchial values such as responsibility, integrity, fairness, and respect for students, However, there are significant challenges such as the digital literacy gap, ethical boundaries in the use of social media, and pressure to adapt learning methods to the characteristics of today’s students. Therefore, a sustainable strategy is needed to strengthen teacher professional ethics through training, character building, and collaboration between schools, parents, and the community.
 
 

This study examined the effect of using Blind Map media on student learning outcomes in Social Science subjects at State 46 Pekanbaru Junior High School. Due to the low level of achievement and understanding of the material, this study used a quantitative experimental approach. Approximately 80 seventh grade students were purposively identified, with grades E and D as the experimental and control groups respectively. The results showed that there was a significant effect of the Blind Map media on learning outcomes, with t observation = 24.670 > t table = 0.304 and t observation = 24.670 > t table = 0.304, indicating the rejection of H?. The effect size of 2.859 indicates a slow rate of change, suggesting that increased use of the Blind Map media can improve student learning outcomes.

Advances in information and communication technology have had a significant impact on the world of education, especially in increasing cultural literacy in elementary schools. Cultural literacy is the ability to understand and appreciate cultural norms, values ??and diversity, which is very important in the era of globalization. One potential technology-based learning media is Educaplay, this interactive platform provides various interesting learning features. This research aims to analyze the use of Educaplay as a cultural literacy medium through the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method. The research results show that Educaplay is able to increase students' interest and understanding of local culture through an interactive, flexible and contextual learning approach. This media also strengthens students' digital skills and encourages attitudes of tolerance and respect for cultural diversity. These findings underline the importance of integrating technology in cultural learning to create a generation that is culturally literate and globally competitive.

This article discusses the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in supporting elementary school (SD) students' understanding of Mathematics subjects. Using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, this research analyzes various literature to describe the potential of AI technology in adaptive, interactive and personalized learning. The results show that AI makes a significant contribution to improving understanding of mathematical concepts, but also faces challenges in its implementation. Therefore, this research recommends a strategic approach to integrating AI into the basic education system.

Inclusive education in Indonesia faces various challenges, including limited teacher competency, minimal facilities and infrastructure, and low community support for Children with Special Needs (ABK). In addition, obstacles such as negative stigma, lack of training for educators, and policies that are not yet optimal also hamper its implementation. To overcome this, training and improving the quality of teachers, provision of adequate facilities, changes in community paradigms through socialization, and collaboration between schools, government, and the community are needed. Inclusive education can only be successful if it is supported comprehensively by all parties, with a strategic and sustainable approach.

Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) technology have brought about significant transformations in various sectors of life, including in the realm of education. In this context, the supervision of Islamic education as a mechanism for fostering and improving the quality of learning based on Islamic values, faces the demand to adapt to the development of technology. This article aims to explore the opportunities and challenges of Islamic education supervision in the AI era. On the one hand, AI offers various opportunities, such as optimizing learning monitoring, analyzing teacher performance data in real-time, and developing more personalized and adaptive learning models. But on the other hand, challenges also arise, including the potential reduction of spiritual values in the digitalization process, the gap in access to technology, and the need to improve digital literacy for Islamic educators and education supervisors. With a qualitative analysis approach and literature review, this article concludes that the integration of AI in Islamic education supervision must remain based on ethical principles and Islamic values, in order to be able to create a supervision system that is not only technologically efficient, but also spiritually and morally meaningful.

This study was motivated by students' understanding of writing and completing letters and words at the early stages of learning to write. The aim is to improve students' understanding of how to write productively and descriptively. Data were collected through observation, practice questions, and documentation with a qualitative case study approach. The results showed that students were able to write loose letters, distinguish similar letters (b, d, p, q), and complete missing letters and words in the context of words and sentences.

Technological developments and changes in the global world are driving rapid transformation in various aspects.The education system needs to undergo fundamental changes to prepare the next generation to face the challenges and opportunities of the 21st century. A new curriculum needs to be designed to teach students the essential skills of this century, such as critical thinking, creativity, collaboration, and understanding digital literacy. The conventional curriculum model that focuses on mastering factual knowledge and basic skills is no longer sufficient.In order to change education, all aspects of the education ecosystem must be evaluated comprehensively, including the government, educational institutions, teachers, parents, and society as a whole. The curriculum must be updated to support project-based learning methods, cross-disciplinary research, and an emphasis on developing 21st century skills. In addition, the way of teaching must shift from a teacher-dominated approach to a student-focused approach, with the help of digital technology.

The purpose of this study was to analyze how effective communication strategies can influence community participation in rural development projects and to identify factors that influence communication success in the local context. The research method used is a qualitative method with a case study approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis related to development projects. Respondents in this study included community members, local stakeholders, and parties involved in project implementation. The results showed that transparent, participatory, and sustainable communication had a significant impact on the level of community participation. Factors such as the active involvement of community leaders, the use of local media, and the existence of discussion forums also influenced the effectiveness of communication. In addition, this study found that two-way communication and involving the community in the planning and decision-making process increased the sense of ownership and support for development projects. The conclusion of this study is that a good communication strategy can significantly increase community participation in rural development projects. Recommendations for the implementation of communication strategies include increasing community involvement from the planning stage, utilizing local communication media, and developing effective feedback mechanisms. This study contributes to the understanding of the role of communication in rural development and can be a reference for planning similar projects in the future.
 
 

This study aims to describe the mark in the novel Dompet Ayah Sepatu Ibu by Jombang santani Khairen published by PT Gramedia Widisarana. The novel totals 200 pages. The object of research is in the form of words, phrases, texts, and sentences in the content of the novel in the form of signs or symbols through a semiotic approach. The method used is a qualitative descriptive method, because data is described in words instead of numbers. Data collection techniques by reading, understanding, and recording important points are analyzed clearly. Data analysis techniques by sorting out data that are in accordance with the formulation of the problem studied in the research.

Teenage dating in schools is a major problem that affects various things, such as academic achievement, social relationships, and emotional well-being of students. This study investigated the use of guidance and counseling services in dealing with cases of teenage dating in schools. This study was conducted through a descriptive qualitative approach and used interviews, observations, and documentation as data collection methods. This study involved BK teachers, homeroom teachers, and grade IX students who were identified as being involved in dating behavior at MTS Al Mubarak. The results showed that BK teachers played an important role in various efforts, such as providing information, offering individual counseling, holding group discussions, and working with parents. These efforts succeeded in supporting healthy relationship management and increasing students' awareness of the negative impacts of dating. These results show the importance of preventive counseling and intervention in.
 

Learning motivation is a fundamental pillar of educational success, especially at the elementary level where children’s curiosity and enthusiasm must be nurtured continuously. This study aims to explore the strategies employed by teachers to foster and enhance students’ learning motivation in the IPAS subject at SDIT Al-Manar Pekanbaru. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through observations, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The findings reveal that teachers implemented a variety of strategies not only focused on academic achievement but also attentive to the emotional and individual needs of each student. Contextual learning, cooperative group activities, and the use of rewards and positive reinforcement effectively encouraged students to be more active and confident in their learning. Parental support and a supportive learning environment also played a crucial role in creating an enjoyable and meaningful learning experience. This study highlights that a humanistic and holistic approach by educators not only enhances students’ learning motivation but also fosters meaningful relationships in the educational process.

Speaking skills are one of the important factors in building students' confidence. Good speaking skills allow students to express ideas, opinions and feelings clearly and effectively. High confidence in speaking can also support students' academic and social success. This study aims to analyze the role of speaking skills as a supporting factor for high school students' self-confidence. The method used is aqualitative method of interview data collection. The results showed that speaking skills are needed in low grade students as well as high grade students. Speaking skills also support students' confidence in their social interactions. This proves that speaking skills are very important in supporting the confidence of elementary school students.

Conflict Management in Education: Strategies to Create a Harmonious Learning Environment" discusses the importance of conflict management in creating a conducive and productive learning environment. Conflict is a natural part of the educational environment, but if not managed properly, it can disrupt the teaching and learning process and damage relationships between individuals. Conflict can arise from various sources, such as differences of opinion, competition, lack of communication, limited resources, and inappropriate behavior. This article emphasizes the importance of effective conflict management as the key to creating a harmonious atmosphere in schools, by outlining proactive and holistic strategies, including conflict prevention, conflict resolution, and building a harmonious atmosphere. This article aims to identify, analyze, and synthesize various sources of literature relevant to the topic of conflict management in education, as well as provide an in-depth understanding of strategies in resolving conflicts to create a harmonious atmosphere. 

This study aims to analyze the role of Self-Regulated Learning (SRL) as a predictor of student learning independence in the digital era, with a case study focus at Mts Hidayadul Muhajirin Palangka Raya. The digital era requires students to be able to learn independently, adaptively, and be responsible for their learning process. SRL, which includes aspects of motivation, cognitive strategies, and self-management, is one of the important factors that can affect the level of student learning independence. This research uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques using observation and interviews. The data were analyzed to obtain research findings. The subjects in this study were Hidayatul Muhajirin Palangka Raya Mts students who had low SRL, but there were also some students who had high SRL. Self-Regulates Learning in these students is independently influenced by several factors, namely 1) self-confidence, 2) internal motivation, 3) direct support from the family while the inhibiting factors are 1) the absence of encouragement from parents to tell their children to study, 2) getting used to the comfort zone.

Instilling politeness values ??in elementary school students is very important to shape their character from an early age. In SD Negeri 16 Langsa City, the picture story book Rico and the Magic Words are used as a learning medium to instill politeness values. This study shows that picture story books can help improve students' character, especially in terms of politeness. This is due to the combination of attractive images, a simple but meaningful storyline, and a moral message that is easy for children to understand. Polite expressions such as "please", "sorry", "thank you", and "excuse me" are used in the story that are fun and related to students' daily lives. They are included contextually in this story. Therefore, this media is very appropriate to be used during learning in educational institutions.

This article discusses the use of technology and learning models on student learning outcomes and interests in elementary schools. In elementary schools, learning innovation is very important to improve education and student learning outcomes. Using technology and implementing innovative learning models as a strategy to make learning more effective, interesting, and meaningful. Interactive applications, digital devices, and online platforms are some of the technologies that help students be more actively involved in class, such as quizz application training, digital dictionaries, educational games, learning videos, and so on that make learning more fun and interactive. In addition, learning models such as project-based learning (also known as Project-Based Learning), cooperative learning Think Pair Share, and problem-based learning are used to improve student learning outcomes and increase their interest in learning in elementary schools. An effective combination of appropriate teaching techniques and technological support has been shown to improve student understanding, enthusiasm, and learning outcomes at the elementary school level. Thus, educators must continue to innovate and keep up with technological advances in order to provide optimal learning experiences for their students.

The moral crisis affecting today’s young generation in Indonesia has become a serious concern in the midst of globalization and digitalization. Traditional values are increasingly marginalized by the rise of instant gratification, hedonism, and individualism. This article explores the role of psychology in supporting the implementation of character education as a strategic solution to address this issue. Using a qualitative approach through literature review, the findings reveal that psychology plays a crucial role in shaping students’ character through understanding cognitive development, self-regulation, emotional intelligence, and experiential learning. However, challenges such as limited educator competence, weak collaboration between schools and families, and the negative influence of social media hinder the implementation process. Therefore, integrating psychological approaches with an adaptive education system is essential to foster a resilient and morally grounded generation.

This research aims to examine the impact of social media on the mindset of children at the elementary school level. The method applied is a literature review by analyzing journals, articles, and books relevant to the topic. The findings indicate that social media significantly affects children’s way of thinking, both in positive and negative ways. Positively, it can improve communication abilities and social interaction. However, when used without proper supervision, it may reduce self-confidence, trigger aggressive behavior, and hinder direct social interaction. This study is expected to enrich understanding of the influence of social media on children’s mindsets and serve as a reference for parents, teachers, and educators in formulating effective strategies to minimize potential negative impacts.

Learning interest is the tendency of students to engage in learning activities driven by the desire to achieve optimal results. However, the learning interest of fifth-grade students at MIS Nurul Yaqin remains low. This study aims to enhance students' learning interest in IPAS subjects through the implementation of the Quantum Teaching and Learning model, which focuses on teachers' management of the learning process, from planning and instruction to evaluation. The research method used is the Kemmis and McTaggart action research model, which consists of four stages. The findings indicate that teacher activity increased from 73% in cycle I to 91% in cycle II, classified as very good. Similarly, student activity improved from 70.53% in cycle I to 86.25% in cycle II, also categorized as very good. These results demonstrate that the implementation of the Quantum Teaching and Learning model effectively enhances students' learning interest in IPAS subjects in fifth grade at MIS Nurul Yaqin.
 

This research aims to examine the impact of using technology-based learning media on class X Software Engineering (RPL) students at SMKN 7 Serang City. In the ever-growing digital era, technology has become an important part of education, offering various forms of learning media that are more interactive and interesting. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method to explore the challenges and impacts of using technology-based learning media on student learning outcomes. Data collection techniques were carried out through literature studies, interviews and direct observation. The research results show that the use of technology-based learning media can improve the quality of learning and understanding of the material by students, as well as motivate them to be more active in learning. Media such as digital tutorials, e-learning, and simulations allow students to learn independently and gain practical skills relevant to the world of work. However, there are significant challenges, such as limited technological facilities and gaps in access between students who have devices and those who do not. Therefore, efforts are needed to improve technological facilities and equalize access for all students. This research contributes to understanding the role of technology in education, especially at SMKN 7 Serang City, as well as providing recommendations for maximizing the implementation of technology-based learning media in vocational education in Indonesia.

This study aims to develop and design the Blooket Game, Blooket is a website-based interactive learning platform in the form of a quiz game that functions as a learning media in class and can increase student learning interest in Fiqh Muamalah material as a learning media at Mts Hidayatul Muhajirin Palangka Raya. The method used is development research (R&D) with the Borg and Gall model, which includes ten stages but the researchers here only take four stages, namely: 1) Identification of Potential and Problems, 2) Data Collection, 3) Product Design, 4) Design Validation and researchers added one more stage, namely 5) Main Trial. So in this study there are five stages developed. The research subjects consisted of 30 students of class IX MTs Hidayatul Muhajirin. Data was collected through Google Forms given to students after the use of the media, as well as feedback on students' learning experiences in the classroom. The results showed that the use of Blooket educational game significantly increased students' interest in learning. With the average score of students' interest in learning before the use of the media was 50%, and increased to 90% after implementation in the classroom. In addition, students also showed higher enthusiasm in following the learning and actively participating in learning activities. This study concludes that Blooket educational game-based learning media can be an alt.

An effective educational process involves three main components: learning, teaching, and learning. Learning is defined as the modification of behavior through experience, which includes changes in individual abilities. Teaching is an activity carried out by educators to transfer knowledge and skills to students, while learning is the interaction between educators and students in creating a conducive learning environment. This article discusses the definition, principles, and general procedures in learning, teaching, and learning. These principles include attention, motivation, activeness, direct involvement, repetition, reinforcement, and use of teaching materials. The learning procedure consists of introductory components, core activities, and closing. By understanding and applying these principles and procedures, it is hoped that the learning process can take place optimally and produce positive changes in students.
 
 

This study aims to improve the understanding of third grade elementary school students on time measurement material through the application of the Numbered Heads Together (NHT) learning model with board game media. The main problem in conventional learning is the low active involvement of students and the difficulty in understanding the concept of time concretely. This research is a Classroom Action Research (PTK) conducted in two cycles using the Kemmis and McTaggart model. The research subjects were 23 third grade students of SDN 1 Langon, Jepara. Data collection techniques included observation, interviews, tests, and documentation. The results showed a significant increase in student understanding, which was marked by an increase in the average score from 65.3 in the pre-cycle to 85.3 in cycle I, as well as an increase in learning completeness from 40% to 68%. Students were more active in discussions, motivated, and able to explain the concept of time independently. The NHT and board game model creates a collaborative and fun learning atmosphere and supports students' cognitive, social and emotional development. These results prove that educational game-based learning strategies are effective in improving the understanding of abstract mathematical concepts, especially time measurement.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the process and results of creating animated video learning media using the Animaker application with the theme "Fit und Gesund" for the Hören A1 subject. This development uses "Animaker" as a learning media for the A1 Listening subject, which adopts Plomp's theory as a development model. The results of this study are learning media for German in the form of a video "Fit und Gesund" using the Animaker application to support the A1 Listening subject. This media was developed based on the Netzwerk A1 book. Material experts gave a score of 95.8 for the learning media based on the Animaker application, which is included in the "Very Good" category. Media experts gave a score of 92.8 for this media. Based on the assessment criteria, this media is also categorized as "Very Good". Therefore, this Animaker application-based learning media is considered a feasible, practical, and effective media for Hören A1 skills.

In today’s digital era, the use of video media in learning has become one of the significant innovations, especially for elementary school children. This article discusses how video media can enhance the teaching and learning process in an engaging and interactive way. By utilizing educational, tutorial and interactive videos, students can more easily understand the concepts being taught. In addition, video media is also able to increase student engagement so that they are more active in its implementation, such as limited access to thechnology and teacher readiness. Therefore, this article also offers solutions to overcome these barriers, including training for educators and improving thechnology infrastructure in schools. Through this approach, it is hoped that learning in schools. Through this approach, it is hoped that learning in primary schools can become more effective and enjoyable for students. 

Gender socialization in the family environment plays an important role in the formation of children's gender identity from an early age. Parents as the main agents of socialization play a significant role through daily interactions, providing examples, and parenting patterns that shape children's understanding of gender roles. This study aims to determine the importance of parents' reflective awareness in supporting a more inclusive and equitable understanding of gender. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach to examine how parents in Medan City introduce gender values ??and norms in daily activities. The findings show that the gender socialization process is still influenced by traditional values ??and fairly rigid gender stereotypes. The division of roles based on gender applied by parents often gives rise to the perception that gender roles are fixed and cannot be changed.

Education plays an important role in shaping the character and intelligence of the younger generation, with discipline as a key value that must be instilled from an early age, especially in elementary schools. Discipline not only maintains order during the teaching and learning process but also shapes students' personalities comprehensively. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach through observation, interviews, and documentation to understand student discipline practices and the role of teachers in instilling this value in the classroom. The results show that discipline significantly contributes to students' academic success and is developed through consistent habituation. The teacher’s role as a behavioral model is crucial in fostering discipline awareness, with strategies involving students in rule-making as well as the implementation of educational rewards and punishments. Conversely, a lack of discipline causes disruptions in the learning process and lowers academic achievement. Therefore, sustainable discipline development involving multiple stakeholders is necessary to create an effective learning environment and strong student character

Character education that combines honesty education into an important component of basic learning. This study aims to explain how the use of e-comic media can improve students' honesty in Citizenship (PKn) subjects at public elementary schools 16 in Langsa City. Qualitative methods were used, with limited observation of the learning process. E-comic media was chosen because it can convey moral values ??visually and attractively for students. The findings of the study indicate that comics can encourage students' interest in learning PKn while instilling honesty values ??contextually. Students find it easier to understand the meaning of honesty in daily routines because the characters and stories in e-comics help them learn. In conclusion, e-comics can be used well as an educational tool to instill honesty in elementary school students.

Pasta dough, or fresh pasta, is a flour-based food product that is popular globally but has limitations in shelf life. This study aims to develop an innovative pasta dough by adding kluwek (Pangium edule), a local Indonesian ingredient, to enhance flavor, texture, aroma, and color. Kluwek was chosen due to its bioactive compounds, such as tannins, healthy fats, and minerals, as well as its potential as a natural flavor enhancer (umami) and preservative. This experimental study used variations of kluwek addition (8%, 10%, 12%) to the basic pasta dough (wheat flour, egg, salt). Data were collected through organoleptic tests by 30 panelists (trained and semi-trained) to evaluate color, aroma, taste, texture, and overall preference, as well as laboratory tests for proximate analysis (moisture, protein, fat, fiber, ash, carbohydrates, and tannins). The organoleptic test results showed that the 12% kluwek concentration produced pasta with a moderately brown color (score: 3.10), a moderate aroma (3.07), a sufficiently savory taste (3.03), and a chewy texture (3.43), which was significantly preferred over the 8% and 10% concentrations (p<0.05). Proximate analysis revealed superior nutritional content, including protein (13.80%), healthy fats (5.10%), fiber (2.05%), and tannins (0.41%). The moisture (24.05%) and ash (0.31%) levels met the SNI 3551:2015 standard for fresh pasta. In conclusion, the addition of 12% kluwek produces pasta with acceptable sensory properties and higher nutritional value. This innovation not only enriches the diversification of locally sourced pasta products but also opens opportunities for the commercialization of functional foods. Recommendations for further research include shelf-life stability testing, cyanide residue toxicity assessment, and formulation optimization with other additives.
 

Scientific literacy is the ability of students to understand, translate, use information, and evaluate scientific problems in everyday life through critical thinking. This study aims to measure the level of scientific literacy of fifth grade students of MIN 1 Balikpapan, including identifying possible misconceptions. Misconceptions themselves refer to errors in understanding or erroneous concepts held by students. For elementary school teachers, understanding misconceptions is very important because it can be a reflection to improve the quality of science learning in the classroom, which ultimately has an impact on students' scientific literacy abilities. The results showed that the level of scientific literacy of fifth grade students of MIN 1 Balikpapan was relatively high, with 63.3% of students understanding the concept of simple machines well, 13.3% of students not understanding the concept, and 23.3% of students experiencing misconceptions. According to Piaget's theory, improving students' cognitive abilities can be achieved through student-centered learning and encouraging active discovery. However, based on the results of the analysis of scientific literacy questions, three indicators were found that still had low scores (below 60%), namely indicators related to scientific design and science experiments.
 

Sports in our current era have witnessed a great development in the lives of people and for various activities, events, ages, and genders, and have become of great importance to countries and governments through the establishment of huge sports facilities for practice, marketing, and investment, thus transforming it into a sports industry managed by international sports companies. The aim of the research is to identify the reality of sports professionalism in the development of Iraqi football from the point of view of sports intellectuals. The researcher used a descriptive approach for its suitability and the nature of the research problem. The research community was represented by (1200) individuals from sports intellectuals, while the research sample consisted of (800) individuals, i.e. (400) individuals were excluded due to incomplete answers. It was divided into a survey sample (50) individuals, a construction sample (350) individuals, and an application sample (400). The results of the tables showed the total degree of answers of the sample members on all areas of the scale, and despite the different names and functions of the research sample, their results were close. These results indicate that all members of the application sample had a positive outlook and full awareness of a high degree towards the legal texts of sports professionalism and its importance in works to improve the good of Iraqi football clubs. The researcher concluded that the scale proved its effectiveness in measuring sports professionalism on the development of football from the point of view of sports intellectuals. The application of regulations and laws in a good and effective manner helped to provide the best for sports professionalism.

This study aims to analyze strategies for popularizing traditional food through the Strengthening the Profile of Pancasila Students Project (P5). Traditional food, as part of cultural heritage, is increasingly marginalized by the popularity of modern food among the younger generation. This research employs a library research method by reviewing relevant literature on P5 and the preservation of traditional food. The findings show that implementing P5 with an entrepreneurship theme in elementary schools can enhance students' awareness of traditional food while fostering entrepreneurial values. Activities such as school bazaars and cooking practices contribute to introducing traditional food to students, engaging them in experiential learning, and instilling values of collaboration and creativity. In conclusion, the strategy of popularizing traditional food through P5 is an effective step to preserve cultural heritage while fostering students' character in line with the Pancasila Student Profile.

This study is a form of character education strategy analysis to form responsible elementary school students through a literature study approach. The data for this study were obtained from a literature review including books, academic journals and previous research related to classroom management and how students' characters are formed. The results of this study explain that effective character education strategies include the development of participatory rules, the application of consistent consequences, and rewards for positive behavior. This approach helps students understand the importance of personal and social responsibility to support the creation of a conducive learning environment. This study provides a conceptual contribution to the development of classroom management strategies as an integral part of character education in elementary schools.

This research aims to analyze the role of literacy activities in increasing students' interest in reading and literacy skills at SMP Negeri 6 Serang City, as well as formulating solutions to factors inhibiting literacy activities as a form of effort to develop activities to be more effective. The literacy activities in question include various reading, writing activities, as well as presenting the results of reading or work both outside teaching and learning activities (KBM) hours (every Thursday) and during teaching and learning activities (KBM). This research uses qualitative research methods with interview data collection techniques and literature studies. This research came up with results that show that literacy activities contribute a positive influence to reading interest and literacy skills, and can explore the interests and talents of students at SMPN 6 Serang City. This research also succeeded in revealing at least 4 factors that support the success of literacy activities in schools and 5 inhibiting factors along with solutions as an effort to overcome obstacles or challenges faced in making the goals of literacy activities a success.

This study investigates the role of expository texts in enhancing critical thinking skills among fifth-grade elementary school students through a qualitative approach. Data were collected by conducting interviews with five fifth-grade students to explore their experiences and perceptions related to reading expository texts. The findings reveal that engaging with expository texts helps students develop reasoning abilities, stimulates curiosity, and supports the formation of argumentation skills. Students expressed that such texts encouraged them to think more deeply and analyze information logically. The study underscores the importance of integrating age-appropriate expository materials into classroom instruction to foster higher-order thinking. It also highlights the need for teaching strategies that actively engage young learners in reflective and analytical thought processes.

The study aimed to design a training program using the Fartlek training method to develop speed and strength endurance among preparatory school students, as well as to investigate the impact of Fartlek training on improving the technical performance of court defense skills in volleyball. The researcher adopted the experimental method with pre- and post-test measurements. The sample was selected purposively and consisted of volleyball players, specifically 18 second-year students. Six students were excluded for participating in the pilot experiment, leaving 12 students as the final research sample. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS)? was used to analyze the results. The findings revealed statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-tests in favor of the post-test. The progressive application of exercises positively contributed to the development of both physical and skill-related variables. The researcher recommended emphasizing physical and skill-related variables due to their importance in enhancing player performance. Additionally, the study advocated for implementing the training program—with its physical and skill-focused exercises—in regular training sessions, given its effectiveness in improving all tested parameters. The use of the Fartlek training method in training units was also encouraged, as it proved impactful in developing the physical capacities of the sample. 

Teenagers, as the future generation of the nation, are facing significant challenges due to the rapid flow of globalization, technological advancements, and the weakening of social control and character education. This study aims to identify the factors contributing to the prevalence of promiscuity among teenagers, analyze its impact on social skills, and propose preventive and educational solutions. Using a literature review method, data were gathered from various relevant scientific sources published in the last five years. The results of the study show that promiscuity has negative effects on the physical and mental health, as well as the social relationships of teenagers, including teenage pregnancies, drug abuse, sexual deviation, and the decline of social skills. The minimal role of the family, the weakness of moral education, low self-control, and inadequate sex education are the main factors exacerbating this issue. On the other hand, the involvement of parents, religious education, and community-based approaches have proven effective in building the moral resilience of teenagers. The implications of this study highlight the importance of synergy between families, schools, and communities in instilling character values and equipping teenagers with healthy social skills to face the challenges of the era.

Fertilization is one of the essential aspects of plant care. It should be carried out in a balanced manner, adjusted to the nutritional needs of the plant. A balanced fertilizer application can positively affect plant growth. This study used the Classroom Action Research method developed by Stephen Kemmis and Robin McTaggart. It was conducted in class XI ATPH 3 at SMKN 1 Purwosari, focusing on the fertilization component of the Fertilization Needs material. The results showed that the Index Card Match Cooperative Learning Model can increase students' learning motivation. Students became more active in every learning activity, including solving problems, discussing with peers, and asking questions to the teacher. Regarding learning outcomes, the Index Card Match Cooperative Learning Model improved the percentage of students who passed classically—from 30.30% in the pre-cycle, to 69.70% in cycle 1, and further increased to 84.85% in cycle 2.

The purpose of this study is to describe: (1) Customer Relationship Management (CRM) at Andalas University Library; (2) user loyalty at Andalas University Library; (3) the effect of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) on user loyalty at Andalas University Library. This type of research is quantitative with a descriptive method. The population in this study were all visitors to Andalas University Library as of 2023, totaling 140,928 and a sample of 100 people. Sampling using simple random sampling technique. Data analysis was carried out through the stages of examination, tabulation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study indicate that: (1) the implementation of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) at Andalas University Library has been implemented well, this can be seen from the responses given by respondents who stated that the completeness of technology-based services at Andalas University Library is relatively complete and makes it easier for users to get the books or references they need. In addition, the service process involving officers and users can be carried out quickly and accurately, in addition, the Andalas University library has also been supported by officers who are creative, responsive and able to serve the needs of users; (2) the level of loyalty of users who visit the Andalas University library is also relatively high, this can be seen from the existence of repeat purchases that occur repeatedly, in addition, users have a high level of retention, this can be seen from their actions to always want to visit the library almost every day, in addition, users are also concluded to have a high level of referrals, this can be seen from the number of respondents who choose to agree to invite friends to come and read books at the Andalas University Library; (3) according to the results of the hypothesis testing through the t-statistic test, it was found that Customer Relationship Management (CRM) has a positive and significant effect on user loyalty in visiting the Andalas University Library. These findings indicate that the better the implementation of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) felt by users, the more their loyalty will increase. The results obtained at the first hypothesis testing stage are in line with the proposed hypothesis, so the first hypothesis is accepted.

A Research has been conducted on the production of roselle flower fruit leather using stevia as a natural sweetener substitute for sucrose and pectin as a stabilizing agent. This study involved variations in the amount of stevia sweetener (0.2 ml and 0.3 ml) and pectin concentrations (1% and 2% of the ingredient weight). Sensory evaluation of the fruit leather product included parameters such as color, aroma, taste, texture, and overall preference. The sensory test results showed that sample 620 was the best product, with a composition of 0.3 ml stevia sweetener and 2% pectin concentration. This product was characterized by a deep red color, a fresh sour aroma distinctive of roselle, a pliable texture that could be rolled, and a balanced sweet-sour taste that was preferred by the panelists. Nutritional content analysis of the best product, based on laboratory testing, revealed the following per 100g of fruit leather: 105.80 mg of antioxidants, 19.88 mg of vitamin C, 26.55% total sugar, 1.02% ash content, and 21.05% moisture content. Additionally, the selling price of the roselle flower fruit leather product was determined to be IDR 45,000 per 100-gram package.

The media has a very important role in a learning and teaching activity. Media is divided into several types, including visual media, audio media, audio visual media, and all kinds of media. The media at Arva School of Fashion is often created and developed for use in workshops is prototype media. Prototypes media for materials or coloring topics using the dip dye technique at the Arva School of Fashion are not yet available. Related to this, a prototype media was made from material coloring using the dip dye technique which was applied to making character costumes. The purpose of making this prototype media is of course so that teaching and learning activities can easily achieve something you want, because the media is a good intermediary in communication. This media prototype development research uses the 4D model development method with descriptive data processing methods. The development method with the 4D model approach consists of Define, Design, Development, and Disseminate. The results of this study state the flow of the prototype development process and the results of the prototype.

The purpose of this journal's research is to discuss the development and progress of the automobile industry in the face of technological change, especially through the important role of racing events and exhibitions in Anisa Lim's novel The Mechanics. A positive path for racing events, arousing competitive spirit  and promoting improved vehicle performance. We will promote the development of the latest technology. In addition, automobile trade fairs are considered an important platform for the presentation of consumers and industry representatives. A detailed analysis of the role of these events is expected to provide deeper insights into the dynamics of the automotive industry in the current technological era and provide positive prospects for future development directions. Masu. Quantitative methods are used in this study. The analysis process also considered variable determination and measurement. Identify the variables you want to investigate. B. Improving vehicle performance, sales, or adoption of automotive technology. Quantitative methods are about testing hypotheses against existing theory. Therefore, this research tends to be objective and not deep. Through this study, we will provide deep insights into technology, automobiles, evolution, and progress, in order to expand our experience and knowledge about the innovation process of new jobs, especially in the technology field

The aim of this research is to determine the effect of the cooperative integrated reading and composition learning model on learning motivation for Christian Religious Education & Character Education in class XI of HKBP 2 Tarutung Private High School for the 2023/2024 Academic Year.This research uses a Posttest-Only Control type experimental method. The population is all class XI of HKBP 2 Tarutung Private High School for the 2023/2024 academic year, totaling 160 people. The sample was determined using a technique taken deliberately (purposive sampling) with the specified conditions that the learning material being experimented with was in that class, namely class XI IIS-1 students totaling 32 people as the experimental class and XI IIS-3 totaling 32 people as the control class. The research instrument used a 27 item test. The t test used is the Separated Variance t test according to the test analysis requirements, namely n1=n2 and the variance of the two sample groups is homogeneous. The results of hypothesis testing obtained a value of tcount= 13.9 > ttable (?=0.05; dk=n1+n2-2=62) = ttable 1.669, so H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. This research concludes that students' motivation to learn Christian Religion & Character Education taught using the cooperative integrated reading and composition learning model is higher than that taught using the conventional learning model in class XI of HKBP 2 Tarutung Private High School for the 2023/2024 Academic Year.

The purpose of this research is to find out how much influence the question and answer teaching method used by Jesus in John 4:1-28 has on the learning activity of Christian Religious Education for Class VIII Students of SMP Negeri 4 Tarutung TP 2023/2024, with the hypothesis that there is a positive and significant influence from the method. teaching questions and answers by Jesus in John 4:1-28 on the active learning of Christian Religious Education for Class VIII Students of SMP Negeri 4 Tarutung TP 2023/2024. This research is a population study, namely all 99 students. Data was collected using a closed questionnaire with 45 items compiled by the author based on variable indicators according to the conclusions according to experts' theories. The questionnaire trial was carried out on 48 respondents of class VIII students at SMP Negeri 2 Tarutung using a 45-item questionnaire and after being tested, the results of the validity of the questionnaire trial showed that the value of rcount > rtable = 0.159-0.715 > 0.284 (there were 6 question items that had validity less than rtable = 0.284, namely item numbers 21, 25, 27, 34, 37, 44) and the reliability of the questionnaire trial was at a value of 0.939. It has been tested for validity and reliability. However, in research at SMP N 4 Tarutung, invalid questionnaire items were replaced so that the research was carried out using a new questionnaire. The data analysis technique used is making a distribution table of respondents' answers based on alternative answers, making a distribution table of respondents' answers, looking for the correlation coefficient between X and Y by calculating the Product Moment correlation, testing the real level with the t test, knowing the degree of influence of variable test the hypothesis with the t test. This research concludes that there is a positive and significant influence between the question and answer teaching method by Jesus in John 4:1-28 on the learning activity of Christian Religious Education students in class VIII of SMP Negeri 4 Tarutung TP 2023/2024 with the relationship test obtained rcount>rttable, namely 0.281> 0.195, with a significant test of the relationship between Tcount > Ttable, namely 2.875>1.985. This means that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted.

The aim of this research is to determine the effect of applying the demonstration method on the learning outcomes of Christian Religious Education & Character Education in class VIII of SMP Negeri 1 Sipoholon for the 2023/2024 academic year.This research uses a Posttest-Only Control type experimental method. The population is the entire class VIII of SMP Negeri 1 Sipoholon for the 2023/2024 academic year, totaling 160 people. The sample was determined using a technique taken deliberately (purposive sampling) with the specified conditions that the learning material being experimented with was in that class, namely 32 students in class VIII-C as the experimental class and 32 students in VIII-E as the control class. The research instrument used a 27 item test. The t test used is the Separated Variance t test according to the test analysis requirements, namely n1=n2 and the variance of the two sample groups is homogeneous. The results of hypothesis testing obtained a value of tcount= 13.9 > ttable (a=0.05; dk=n1+n2-2=62) = ttable 1.669, so H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. This research concludes that the learning outcomes of students' Christian Religion & Character Education taught using the demonstration method are higher than those taught using the lecture method in class VIII of SMP Negeri 1 Sipoholon for the 2023/2024 Academic Year.
 
Keywords: Demonstration Method, Learning Outcomes

Children’s education and creativity development program is carried out by the schools around the company areas embodies the company commitment related to the world of education in Samarinda. The aim of this research is to upgrade the service providers in improving the quality of services in Pendikresa Program. The sampling method used is Survey method. The data analysis methods used in this survey were descriptive analysis, customer satisfaction index and importance performance analysis. The results of the analysis illustrated that the survey on Community Satisfaction, underdone by Public Service Delivery Unit shows a figure of 71.20. It can be seen that this number fulfills the category of the value range 60% < IKM ? 80% which illustrates that the IKM value is in the "Good" criteria. The IPA analysis shows what included in the priority quadrant of improvement program, these include indicators such as : the openness of information regarding to program of the implementation procedures;  the ease of program procedures; the accuracy of the implementation program schedule; the effectiveness of program implementation; the technical competency of program implementers; the managerial competency of program managers; the discipline and responsibility of program managers; the clarity of complaints handling procedures; and the clarity of complaint handling time; and) the facilitation procurement of supporting facilities or infrastructure program.

The protection of citizens abroad has become an important issue in contemporary international law. Every country has an obligation to protect its citizens, both inside and outside its territory. However, the implementation of this protection often faces various challenges, especially related to state sovereignty and the principle of non-intervention in international law. This article aims to analyze the international legal basis regarding the protection of citizens abroad, as well as the practices carried out by countries in carrying out these protection obligations. The research method used is juridical-normative with a case study approach. The research results show that the protection of citizens abroad is based on the principles of international law, such as state responsibility, human rights and protection obligations. Countries have developed various mechanisms and legal instruments to realize the protection of their citizens, either through diplomacy, consular or other measures. However, its implementation still faces challenges related to the limitations of state sovereignty and the principle of non-intervention. This article concludes that the protection of citizens abroad is an international legal obligation that must be implemented by every country. Efforts are needed to strengthen the international legal framework and cooperation mechanisms between countries to ensure effective protection for their citizens abroad.

This research aims to improve Learning Achievement in Writing Simple Descriptive Texts Through the STAD Cooperative Learning Model for Class IXB Negeri 6 Sukoharjo Students in Semester 1 of the 2022/2023 Academic Year" The research method uses Classroom Action Research which is carried out in two cycles, each cycle consists of two meetings, with four stages of research: planning, implementation, observation and reflection. The subjects of this study are students of Class IXB Negeri 6 Sukoharjo in Semester 1 of the 202/2023 Academic Year with a total of 36 students. The data collection techniques used are observation, interviews, tests, and documentation. The data analysis used in this study is a qualitative descriptive analysis. The result of this study is to improve Learning Achievement in Writing Simple Descriptive Texts Through the STAD Cooperative Learning model. The results of the success in this study are evidenced by the increase in student learning outcomes in the first cycle of students who managed to get KKM scores, an increase from the initial condition of 18 students (50%) to 23 students (64%) or there was an increase of 14% compared to the initial condition. Meanwhile, in the second cycle, it increased to 32 students (88.8%) or there was an increase of 24.8% from before. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the application of the STAD Learning Model can improve the learning outcomes of Writing Simple Descriptive Texts in Class IXB Negeri 6 Sukoharjo students in Semester 1 of the 2022/2023 Academic Year.
 
 

Pancasila Education plays an important role in shaping the character of Indonesia's young generation amidst the challenges of globalization and technological advancement. The purpose of this research is to understand how Pancasila education can help the younger generation comprehend and internalize the values of Pancasila in their daily lives. The method used is qualitative analysis with a literature study approach. Data were collected from various literary sources, such as books, scientific journals, articles, and other reliable sources. The research results show that more than 70% of the young generation in Indonesia experience difficulties in understanding and applying Pancasila values. The lack of instilling Pancasila values in the educational curriculum has led to a decline in morals and ethics among the younger generation. Therefore, systematic, innovative, and contextual efforts in Pancasila education are needed to attract the interest of the younger generation and help them deeply understand Pancasila values. The conclusion of this research is that Pancasila education is crucial for the young generation of Indonesia to build a strong and moral national character.
 

Curriculum development at SDIT Ananda Prabumulih is important to study from various perspectives. This study will discuss two fundamental aspects of basic curriculum development and curriculum objectives. A discussion of the literature reveals that the curriculum provided by schools is not only limited to subject units and teaching and learning processes but also to all processes that influence the development and formation of students' character as required by national education goals. Curriculum development aims to adapt education and social change and explore untapped knowledge. The curriculum is one of the most crucial components in an education system, therefore the curriculum is a tool for achieving educational goals and at the same time as a guideline in the implementation of teaching at the initial type and level of education. In Islam, the concept of curriculum means manhaj, namely the clear path traversed by educators and their students to develop their knowledge, skills and attitudes. Islamic education curriculum is Islamic educational materials in the form of activities, knowledge and experiences that are deliberately and systematically given to students. in order to achieve the goals of Islamic education.
 

The purpose of this study was to find out how the STAD learning model influences the ability to write readings in 20 grade IV students at SDN 13 Betung, Banyuasin Regency. Through extensive data collection, this qualitative research strategy aims to provide a comprehensive explanation of a phenomenon. The significance of phenomena and the importance of observing them is the main focus of qualitative research methods. In this paragraph, the students' goals for improving their learning of Indonesian are: 1) students can express considerations, presumptions, conjectures, and feelings stored in printed copies in a straightforward manner;(2) Students are able to write about the situation and context in their writing; 3) Students like to write; 4) Students can use linguistic elements in writing literary works. Writing can also be understood as expressing one's feelings, thoughts and intentions to others. Writing is a way to generate ideas and emotions through writing.

The Influence of the POE (Predict-Observe-Explain) Learning Model on Science Learning Outcomes on Changes in the Properties of Objects for Class V Sdn 17 Binamu, Jeneponto Regency. Thesis. Department of Elementary School Teacher Education. Faculty of Teacher Training and Education. Muhammadiyah University of Makassar. Supervisor I Hilmi Hambali and Supervisor II A. Muafiah Nur.This research aims to determine the effect of the POE (Predict-Observe-Explain) learning model on learning outcomes in science material on changes in the properties of objects in class V. This research is a quantitative research using quasi-experimental research design with experimental methods in the form of pretest posttest group control design, with two groups, namely the control group and the experimental group.The data in this research were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis techniques and inferential statistics. The results show that there is an influence of the POE (Predict-Observe-Explain) model in science subjects on science learning outcomes in material on changes in the properties of objects for class V SDN 17 Binamu, Jeneponto Regency. This can be seen in the average posttest score for the control class which only reached 66.74, while the average posttest score for the experimental class reached 82.83. Based on hypothesis testing using the independent sample t test, the tcount value = 6.279, while the ttable value = 2.015. Based on the results obtained because tcount > ttable (tcount = 6.279 > ttable = 2.015), thus Ho is rejected and H1 is accepted.

This study aims to determine the influence of learning discipline and peer environment on student learning outcomes in grade VIII social studies subjects at SMP Negeri 2 Kauman Tulungagung both partially and simultaneously. This research uses a quantitative approach with Ex-post Facto research type. The population in this research was grade VIII students at SMP Negeri 2 Kauman Tulungagung and 89 students were billed as a sample with proportional random sampling technique. Data collection techniques use questionnaires and documentation, while the data analysis used is multiple linear regression. The results showed that: 1) Learning discipline has a positive and significant effect on learning outcomes. 2) The peer environment positively and significantly affects learning outcomes. 3) Learning discipline and peer environment simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on learning outcomes. The Coefficient of Determination (R2) of the two independent variables is 0.625 or 62.5% of student learning outcomes in class VIII social studies subjects at SMP Negeri 2 Kauman Tulungagung.
Keywords: Learning Discipline, Peer Environment, and Learning Outcomes

The role of parents in supporting children's learning in the home environment has a substantial impact on children's academic, emotional, and social progress. Starting from the early stages of development, parents' involvement in supporting their children's learning process at home, along with the strategies they implement, plays a crucial role in achieving this goal efficiently. This research applies the literature study method to explore how parents inspire their children to study at home. The research results emphasize the urgency of the role of parents in triggering children's enthusiasm for learning in the home environment. They are not only providers of learning materials, but also as models and facilitators who influence their children's attitudes and enthusiasm for learning. These findings are in line with learning motivation theories which highlight the influence of social and environmental factors in shaping children's enthusiasm for learning internally and externally. Thus, this research emphasizes that parents have an important role in shaping children's learning attitudes and behavior at home. Therefore, it is important for parents to understand their role in stimulating children's enthusiasm for learning at home and to get support in improving the skills needed in this regard.purpose.

Exercise is a body movement carried out by muscles in a planned, structured and repetitive manner, which involves the use of energy to improve fitness.  According to the World Health Organization (WHO), school age children are children aged 7 to 15 years.  Every individual has traits and characteristics or innate characteristics and characteristics obtained from environmental influences.  The research method used in this research is descriptive analysis with a qualitative approach.  This research uses a qualitative approach.  Physical activity is an important aspect in the lives of elementary school age children.  Elementary school age children still have limitations in terms of body endurance and ability to adapt to heavy training loads.  Primary school age children are in a dynamic stage of development, so there is a need for specially designed training programs to increase their motivation and participation in physical activity.  In this way, the benefits of physical activity can be maximized and support optimal growth and development for elementary school students.  This collaborative effort will help create an environment that supports an active and healthy lifestyle from an early age.

This research aims to analyze the discipline of students with special needs (ABK) with a focus on the role of peer influence. The discipline of ABK students is a crucial aspect of inclusive education development, and the role of peers is considered to have a significant impact on their discipline levels. The research method involves a literature review (library research). The results indicate that peer influence can either positively or negatively affect the discipline of ABK students. Peers providing support and understanding can enhance the motivation of ABK students to maintain discipline. On the other hand, peers who are less tolerant or demeaning can hinder the creation of a conducive educational environment. Certain factors such as understanding the special needs of students, teacher training, and family roles have also proven to influence the discipline of ABK students. The importance of integrating inclusive approaches into the school curriculum and the active involvement of peers in supporting ABK students is urgent. In conclusion, this research highlights the importance of understanding and enhancing the role of peers in shaping the discipline of ABK students. By considering factors such as understanding the special needs of students and the role of the family, more effective strategies can be developed to create an inclusive educational environment that supports the discipline of ABK students.

Community Perceptions of Children with Special Physical Needs in Central Rimbo District, Muara Bungo Regency. This research aims to determine the perception of the community in Muara Bungo Regency regarding children with special needs and to determine the support of the community in Rimbo Tengah District, Muara Bungo Regency for children with special physical needs. This research uses a type of qualitative research which is analyzed descriptively. Data collection techniques were obtained using field research through observation, interviews and documentation methods, involving several community leaders. The results of this research show that regarding the perception of the community in Central Rimbo District, Muara Bungo Regency towards children with special needs, no human being is born perfect, because Allah SWT created humans equipped with their respective strengths and weaknesses. Likewise, for people who have physical limitations, children with special needs are stated in the cultural norms and values as well as community support in Central Rimbo District, Muara Bungo Regency for children with special needs. Community sympathy, especially the community in Central Rimbo District, Muara Bungo Regency, always provides support or support for children with special needs. One way of showing this support is social support as the presence of people who personally provide advice, motivate, direct, encourage and show a way out when experiencing problems and when experiencing obstacles in carrying out activities in a directed manner to achieve goals.

By using a problem-based learning (PBL) model supported by flashcard media, classroom action research (CAR) was conducted in two cycles, with observation, reflection, implementation, and planning. The aim was to improve student learning outcomes in the five senses material in grade III. The results showed that, in the first cycle, 44% of students achieved completion, with an average score of 68%; in the second cycle, the percentage of completion increased to 86%, with an average score of 82%. These results indicate that the application of the PBL model with flashcard media can help students understand the five senses material better. As a result, this learning approach can be used as an alternative to improve the quality of learning in elementary schools.

Students often experience boredom during learning activities. This is a common thing to happen, especially because they are bored with the material given. Therefore, teachers need to learn the Ice breaking method. Ice breaking is a strategy used to create a conducive and enjoyable learning environment. The aim of this research is to find out how much influence ice breaking has on students' learning readiness. This research uses a classroom action research method using a quantitative descriptive approach. Data was collected via questionnaire. Based on the research results, there is an influence between ice breaking and readiness to learn, this is because ice breaking can stimulate students to be more ready to receive learning.

The Merdeka Students Exchange (PMM) is one of the programmes of Mardeka Learning Campus Merdeca (MBKM) that has been created by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology. (Kemendikbudristek). During one semester, student exchange programmes enable Indonesian students to study at leading universities in their homeland, bringing diverse cultural experiences and strengthening academic cooperation as well as student learning experiences. The programme has become one of the important initiatives in enhancing academic and cultural cooperation among students. The research is aimed at the effectiveness of PMM programmes in achieving the objectives of academic and cultural exchange. The research methods used in the analysis are qualitative through in-depth interviews with students participating in the PMM program. Research findings show that PMM has successfully facilitated the exchange of academic knowledge and broadened cultural understanding among students. Challenges such as language constraints and cultural adaptation were also identified as factors affecting the effectiveness of the program. The implications of these findings are discussed to provide recommendations for better recommendations in the planning and implementation of future PMM programmes.
 
 

This research was motivated by students' difficulties in writing persuasive speech texts, based on observation results. The aim of this research is to determine students' responses to learning to write persuasive speech texts using Canva media for class IX students at MTs Al-Farisy.  The research method used is descriptive qualitative with an instrument in the form of a questionnaire. The research results show that the application of Canva media in learning to write persuasive speech texts that was carried out in this research found an average gain of 82.65% in the "Very Good" category. This means that in this case students responded well to the use of Canva media in their skills in writing persuasive speech texts
 
 

Education is a crucial process in humanizing individuals, serving as a tool for individuals to interact effectively within their communities and society. Designed to develop self-improvement, enhance quality of life, and elevate individual dignity in pursuit of national goals, education plays a pivotal role. Social institutions, through their role in meeting societal needs, support the quality education process. This literature review highlights the importance of synergy between education and social institutions in shaping competent individuals who contribute positively to society. Utilizing a literature review method, data were gathered from various scholarly sources such as books, academic journals, and official documents. The findings underscore that education and social institutions are intertwined in developing character, knowledge, and skills among individuals. With support from families, communities, and the government, education can enlighten the nation and comprehensively develop the potential of learners. Innovative educational programs like e-books and e-learning, initiated by the government, signify positive steps in overcoming challenges and enhancing educational quality in Indonesia.
 
 

Based on data analysis in the initial reflection which still shows the learning outcomes of students who are still lacking, research was carried out by applying the 4C (Creativity, Critical Thinking, Collaboration, And Communication) oriented Problem Based Learning (PBL) model in learning Balinese, especially cecimpedan material. This study aims to determine the ability of students to write cecimpedan and determine student responses in class X PH 5 SMK Negeri 5 Denpasar in the 2023/2024 academic year with the research subjects being 40 students. This research uses theories including: (1) writing, (2) Balinese paribasa, (3) 21st century learning, (4) 4C in learning, (5) Problem Based Learning (PBL) model. Data were collected using test and observation methods, while the data processing method used descriptive statistics. The results of this study showed that before the application of the 4C-oriented Problem Based Learning (PBL) model (Creativity, Critical Thinking, Collaboration, And Communication) the average student score was 62.55. With clasical learning completeness only 22.5%. In cycle I, it increased to 82.65 with clasical learning completeness reaching 87.5%. Student responses to the application of the 4C-oriented Problem Based Learning (PBL) model (Creativity, Critical Thinking, Collaboration, And Communication) also increased from pre-cycle to cycle I. In the pre-cycle, the average student response was 58.77 with a category of less and increased in cycle I to 86.37% with a good category

Responding to the problem of low critical thinking skills at SMK Negeri 4 Surabaya, this research aims to determine the direct influence of learning independence and self-confidence on critical thinking skills, the indirect effect of learning independence and learning self-confidence on critical thinking skills with learning motivation as an intervening variable. This type of research is explanatory research and uses saturated sampling techniques. The population of this research includes all students in classes X and XI concentrating on Office Management skills at SMK Negeri 4 Surabaya with a total sample of 175 students. The questionnaire data collection technique was analyzed using path analysis with the help of SmartPLS software. The results of the research show that independent learning has a direct positive and significant effect on critical thinking skills. Self-confidence also has a direct positive and significant influence on critical thinking abilities.

This research aims to examine the implementation of entrepreneurship education in building an entrepreneurial spirit at SMK Negeri 3 Palangka Raya. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive method with data collection techniques through interviews, observations, and documentation studies. The results of the study show that entrepreneurship education at SMK Negeri 3 Palangka Raya has been implemented through various programs and activities that support the development of students' entrepreneurial skills and mentality. The program includes entrepreneurship training, student business projects, and cooperation with various external parties such as the industrial world and local businesses. Obstacles faced in implementation include limited resources, lack of support from parents, and lack of awareness among students about the importance of entrepreneurship. Nevertheless, efforts to improve the quality of entrepreneurship education continue to be carried out through increasing teacher capacity, curriculum development, and improving supporting facilities. This study concludes that entrepreneurship education plays an important role in shaping the entrepreneurial spirit among students, but requires more comprehensive support from various parties to achieve optimal results.
 
 
 

Education is a planned and conscious effort to ensure that students receive lessons and actively develop and channel their potential to have good morals, namely religious, noble morals, honest and responsible personalities, as well as skills that will benefit them and society in the end (ABIDIN 2019:184). This research uses qualitative methods with data collection and analysis techniques carried out through literature studies from various books, scientific articles and other trusted sources. Literature study is a research method that involves reading books, articles, journals, websites, and other materials relevant to the research question, with the aim of understanding the assumptions and principles underlying the theory used as the basis for information for identification. Infrastructure refers to the basic infrastructure or facilities that support and enable the running of an activity. Infrastructure is usually fixed and related to a physical structure or larger system. or indirectly infrastructure to support education, for example school buildings, classrooms, laboratories, libraries. Educational facilities and infrastructure have a very important role in supporting the learning process. Facilities are direct tools or facilities used in learning activities, such as books, projectors and whiteboards. Infrastructure is the basic infrastructure that supports the running of activities, such as school buildings, classrooms and laboratories. Good management of facilities and infrastructure aims to create a comfortable, efficient and effective learning environment.

Along with the times, technology in its development certainly brings changes to life, especially in the world of education which will also continue to experience development. This article aims to determine the role of educational technology in improving the quality of education in this progressive era. So it is hoped that educational technologists will no longer feel doubtful and interested in adapting and being able to take advantage of technology with all its benefits in educational life. In writing this article we use a literature review method (library research), where researchers collect materials related to research from books, journals, scientific articles, literature and mass media coverage by describing and describing the data. Based on the discussion, it can be concluded that educational technology was created to solve learning problems by facilitating and providing alternatives and new innovations in the world of education. That way educational technology can make it easier to achieve educational goals.

The curriculum has a major influence on the quality of education in a country. The Indonesian curriculum has changed over time to adapt to the times and needs of society. Qualitative descriptive methods and library approaches are used in this study to find out how changes in the national educational curriculum affect the quality of learning and student performance. On the positive side, students will have a better ability to adapt to the developments of the times, improving the quality of education in schools. On the negative side, students may experience a decrease in performance because they are unable to adjust to the new learning system, and educators or teachers should also reconsider the established curriculum.

Learning media is one of the important roles that learning brings to the successful achievement of educational goals. Books are the most basic media of the learning process as visual media. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the book Al'Arabiyyah Limahaarati Alkitaabah Fii Dhau'I Annadzriyyat Albinaaiyyah as a learning medium on maharah al-kitabah of Arabic Language Education-2 students in the 2021 batch of North Sumatra State Islamic University. This research is qualitative with a field research approach as well as a literature study. The results of the study show that the at-tadriibaat or the exercises themselves have a connection between the nahwu sharaf material and the maharah al-kitabah. Where, students are given the habit of writing ideas or sentences in Arabic through writing amtsilah or examples, at-tadribat or exercises, and insya' or composing assignments given every week.

Land and Building Tax is a levy that must be paid for the existence of land and buildings that provide benefits and socio-economic status for a person or entity who has rights or receives benefits.Collection of Land and Building Tax is revenue from the taxation sector which is the right of the Regional Government as original regional income and is a source of funds to carry out regional development. Cooperation from all implementing officers and the community must be carried out to support an increase in Original Regional Income, especially Land and Building Tax. This type of research falls into qualitative analysis. Qualitative analysis aims to provide an in-depth explanation of a phenomenon by collecting comprehensive data. To understand and explain the land and building tax collection services at the Sukoharjo Regency Regional Revenue and Asset Financial Management Agency, there are several factors that need attention. The results of the research describing the Land and Building Tax collection services during the research show that land and building tax collection by BPKPAD has been carried out in accordance with the expectations of the local community, namely taxpayers. However, maximum results have not been achieved because there is still one problem. This means that there is no definite date for tax collection by the tax collector. It was also found that there were still obstacles in collecting land and building tax at the Financial Management Agency.
 

This paper starts from the activities carried out labour in several periods SP3OR West Java programs undertaken by the government of West Java. It can be seen from the population in some districts in community sports activities. This study aimed to evaluate the extent to which the results and benefits of the program in the district of West Java SP3OR to cultivate and increase the number of Public Participation in sports. This study used descriptive qualitative method, as well as with research subjects labour, SP3OR and districts of Youth and Sports Department of West Java Province. Techniques of data retrieval by means of literature study and field study consisted of observations and interviews triangulation. Triangulation is done to society (the beneficiaries), Electric SP3OR and youth and Sports Department of West Java. These results indicate SP3OR program evaluation that describes the results of the program, the work done in the program, the program's ability to solve the problem of the sport, the distribution of the program at the district level and benefits program for people in the district SP3OR.

This article presents survey data from 21 students from Bachelor’s Degree of Health Administration about the perception of using TED talks. The objective of the study was to know the students’ perceptions of using TED Talks in improving listening skill for the fourth semester of Health Administration students at STIKes RS Husada Academic Year 2022 – 2023. In the perception of convenience, the mean scores for all statements ranged from 2.05 to 2.33, which suggests a positive perception of convenience. The standard deviations were relatively low, indicating a certain level of agreement among the students. In the perception of benefits, the mean scores for all statements ranged from 1.86 to 2.10, indicating positive perceptions of benefits. The standard deviations were relatively low, suggesting a certain level of agreement among the students. In the perception of interests, the mean scores for all statements were around 2.00, indicating positive perceptions of interests. The standard deviations were relatively low, suggesting a certain level of agreement among the students. In conclusion, the findings from the study indicate that the students have positive perceptions regarding the convenience, benefits, and interests associated with using TED Talks for learning and practicing listening skills.