This study aims to improve listening skills to aural texts in grade III elementary school students through the use of audio-visual media. With the presence of audio-visual media, it is hoped that students' motivation and concentration levels during the learning process can increase. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method, with data collection techniques through tests that assess cognitive aspects and non-test methods such as observation and documentation. The use of audio-visual animated films is expected to help students concentrate more and pay full attention to the material being taught. In addition, a fun learning approach is also expected to increase students' interest and enthusiasm in participating in learning activities.

This study explores learning strategies implemented by educators in handling students with speech delay at the third-grade level of SDIT Ulil Albab. The research urgency stems from the need for personalized and adaptive learning strategies to accommodate the unique characteristics of students with communication challenges. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, the study employs observation, interviews, and document analysis as data collection methods. The findings reveal the effectiveness of several strategies, including systematic instructional communication, learning approach adjustments, and continuous mentoring. The implementation of these strategies not only impacts verbal competency enhancement but also strengthens students' psychosocial aspects within regular learning contexts. Research implications highlight that organized and adaptive learning strategies contribute significantly to creating an inclusive and supportive learning environment for students with speech delay. These findings are projected to serve as constructive references for education practitioners and policymakers in developing more optimal inclusive learning models.

?????? ?????: ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ?? ???????  ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??????. ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ”???? ????? ???????“ ???? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? 2 ????  ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ? ??????? 24 ??????. ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? PTK (???????? ??????). ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????: ???????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? 83% ?? ????? ????? ?100% ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? 88% ?? ????? ?????  ?100% ?? ????? ?????? .??? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?????  ????????? educaplay ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????.

The purpose of this study is to explore the application of just and civilized humanitarian principles in an effort to address the problem of socioeconomic disparities in modern urban societies. Socioeconomic disparities are an important issue that impacts people's access to education and other social services. The study identified various factors that cause imbalances in the distribution of resources, especially in the education sector, which in turn leads to increasingly stark social and economic disparities. Using a qualitative approach and descriptive methods, this study collects data from various sources such as journals, articles, and public policy. The results of the analysis show that the application of Pancasila values, especially the principles of just and civilized humanity, has a significant role in creating social justice and economic equity. From the results of the study, it is concluded that the application of fair and civilized humanitarian principles in education and social policies needs to be improved so that every individual has equal opportunities to access education. This study recommends strategies that include collaboration between sectors and increased understanding of Pancasila values to encourage a sense of collective responsibility in society. With these measures, it is hoped that they can reduce socioeconomic disparities and realize common prosperity.

????? ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????. ??? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???????. ???? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ????????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????. ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??????????. ?? ??? ????? ?? 15 ????? ????? ?? ?????? 30 ????? ?????? ?? ????????. ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????. ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??? ?????? ????????. ????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????. ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????????. ????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???.

Student-Centered Learning (SCL) is a learning approach that is centered on students, in this approach educators act as facilitators in the learning process. This approach focuses on the active involvement of students in the teaching and learning process, encouraging them to build their own knowledge through exploration, discussion, and collaboration. Therefore, the author conducted a study on how the Student-Centered Learning approach can increase student self-confidence. The research method used is a quantitative research method with a questionnaire as the main instrument for collecting data. The questionnaire was compiled using a Likert scale, which allows respondents to provide an assessment of various statements related to the effectiveness of the student-centered approach in learning. The majority of students support the implementation of Student-Centered Learning because it increases their confidence in speaking, asking questions, expressing opinions, completing academic assignments, and helps overcome feelings of insecurity through discussion methods and group work.

This study aims to analyze the language development of early childhood through measuring Mean Length of Utterance (MLU) and identifying word classes, word types, and sentence patterns produced by children. The background of this research focuses on the importance of language as a communication tool and foundation in children's cognitive and social development. The method used was descriptive qualitative involving two subjects, Cheira Arumi Nasution and Abram Berger, aged 3 years and 2 months and 2 years and 7 months respectively. Data were collected through indirect observation techniques by recording children's speech and analyzing 100 utterances from each subject. The findings show that Cheira Arumi has an MLU of 3.48, which places her at stage IV, while Abram Berger has an MLU of 1.76, which indicates that he is at stage II. Both subjects showed that their word length was still not in line with their age standard according to MLU. This study emphasizes the importance of parents' role in providing more intensive language stimulation and reducing the use of gadgets to support children's language development.

This study aims to determine the effect of using flashcard media in Arabic language learning, specifically in mastering mufrodat (vocabulary), among tenth-grade students at SMA Nurul Jadid. The research employed a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design involving two classes as the experimental and control groups. The instruments used were pretest and posttest assessments. Data analysis results showed a significant increase in posttest scores in the experimental group compared to the control group. The average posttest score of the experimental group reached 83.4, while the control group only achieved 70.5. A t-test indicated a statistically significant difference, suggesting that flashcard media is effective in improving students’ vocabulary skills. These findings suggest that the use of interactive visual media such as flashcards can enhance student engagement and understanding in Arabic learning. This study also implies that teachers should consider using media suited to student characteristics and learning materials. However, the limited scope of participants and time of implementation are important considerations for future research. The researcher recommends developing digital media and conducting further studies at different educational levels or contexts.

Generation Z grew in the midst of rapid technological developments, including the use of Characters. Al, an artificial intelligence-based platform that allows interaction with virtual characters. This article explores the role of Character. Al supports self-expression, trains social skills, and overcomes loneliness in Generation Z. Findings show that this technology can provide significant benefits, especially in aspects of mental health and communication. However, challenges such as potential dependencies and data privacy issues are also a concern. By understanding the role and impact of Character. Al, Generation Z can use this technology wisely to support their social lives.

This study aims to examine the implementation of differentiated instruction in adapting to students' learning styles in the Islamic Education subject at SMP Negeri 1 Patumbak, particularly considering that some Islamic Education teachers have not yet applied this method. Differentiated instruction is an approach that adjusts teaching methods and strategies to meet the needs and characteristics of students, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of learning. The research method used in this study is descriptive qualitative, with data collection through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results indicate that although some teachers have begun to implement differentiated instruction by recognizing students' learning styles and using varied methods, there are still challenges, such as a lack of understanding among teachers about this concept and limitations in supporting resources. The application of differentiated instruction has been shown to improve students' motivation and understanding of Islamic Education material. Therefore, it is recommended that the school provide adequate training and support for teachers to optimally implement differentiated instruction.  

This study aims to improve children's fine motor skills through collage activities using cotton in group B RA Al Hidayah. Fine motor skills are an important aspect in early childhood development, which involves the coordination of small muscles to support various activities, such as writing, cutting, and drawing. The research method used is classroom action research (CAR) which is carried out in two cycles, with each cycle including the planning, implementation, observation, and reflection stages. The subjects of this study were 15 children in group B at RA Al Hidayah. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation, documentation, and interviews. The results of the study showed a significant increase in children's fine motor skills after participating in collage activities using cotton. Children became more skilled in controlling finger movements, tearing, sticking, and arranging cotton according to the given pattern. In addition, collage activities also increased children's creativity and concentration in completing tasks. The conclusion of this study is that collage activities using cotton media can be an effective strategy for developing fine motor skills in early childhood. The recommendation given is for teachers to integrate collage activities more often in learning, and to utilize various simple materials that are easy to find to stimulate optimal fine motor development.

This study aims to improve the early reading and writing skills of first-grade students at SDN 101280 Gunung Tua Tonga in the 2024/2025 academic year through the implementation of the Inkaber model (Inductive Picture-Word Model). The background of this research is based on the low early literacy skills of students, indicated by an average score of 1.39 on a 1–4 scale, as well as the minimal use of media and engaging learning approaches. This research is a Classroom Action Research (CAR) using the Kemmis & McTaggart model, conducted in two cycles, each consisting of planning, action, observation, and reflection stages. The objectives of this study are to describe the initial conditions of students' reading and writing skills, to portray the learning process using the Inkaber model, and to explain the improvement in literacy performance after the implementation. The results showed that the application of the Inkaber model significantly improved students’ reading and writing skills. In the initial condition, the average writing score was 58.5 and the reading score was 60.2, with most students not meeting the Minimum Competency Criteria (MCC). After two cycles of implementation, all students met the MCC with an average writing score of 85.24 and reading score of 84.70. The conclusion of this study is that the Inkaber model is effective for use in early literacy learning. The combination of visual media, interactive approaches, and contextual learning strategies made the lessons more engaging and meaningful for lower-grade students. This model is recommended as an alternative for improving early reading and writing skills in elementary schools.

The problem in this study is the Influence of Letter Box Media on Literacy Skills of 5-6 Year Old Children at PAUD Harapenta Namuseng. This study aims to determine the influence of letter box media on literacy skills of 5-6 year old children. The method used in the study is a quantitative method, with a one group pretest-posttest design. The research sample was 10 children aged 5-6 years. The data collection technique used was observation. Using the Wilcoxon test, namely by comparing Tcount with Ttable N = 10 ? = 0.05 Ttable = 8 where Tcount> Ttable (55> 8), which means the hypothesis is accepted. So it can be stated that there is an influence of the use of letter box media on literacy skills of 5-6 year old children at PAUD Harapenta Namuseng T.A 2024/2025.

Elementary school teacher performance plays a pivotal role in enhancing the learning process. This study investigates key elements that affect teacher performance, including personal (internal) aspects, environmental (external) influences, leadership from school principals, and levels of teacher professionalism. Using a literature review approach, the study compiles data from relevant sources. The results reveal that teacher performance is shaped by motivation, satisfaction at work, support from school management, and both pedagogical and professional competence. This suggests that improving teacher effectiveness requires a holistic strategy. The study implies the importance of formulating education policies that continuously support teacher development and strengthen leadership to foster a productive educational climate.

Technological advancements have significantly influenced learning methods, including the implementation of digital-based learning. This study aims to analyze the impact of digital-based learning implementation on students' learning motivation. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were obtained through observations, interviews, and documentation with teachers as research subjects. The findings indicate that digital-based learning positively affects students' learning motivation by increasing their engagement through interactive media such as educational videos and gamification platforms. However, challenges such as infrastructure limitations and potential digital distractions were also identified. Therefore, appropriate strategies are needed to optimize the use of digital technology to enhance learning effectiveness and student motivation optimally.

Connectivism is a learning theory that emphasizes the importance of networks and connections in the learning process, especially in the context of modern digital and technology. Learning is no longer limited to physical classrooms, but involves various sources of information spread through the internet network. In this digital era, tools and applications such as Canva are very relevant. Canva is a graphic design platform that allows users to create a variety of visual content easily and collaboratively. Through connectivism, applications such as Canva allow students to work together on design projects, share ideas, and access various visual resources from all over the world. By using Canva, students not only learn graphic design skills, but also develop the ability to collaborate effectively, access information quickly, and integrate knowledge from various disciplines. This reflects the principles of connectivism where learning occurs through dynamic interactions between learners and technology, creating a richer and more connected learning environment.

Analyzing errors is very important for ESP students because they can relate to their work, it also provides ESP students with corrections Errors in learning behavior. This research aimed to investigate the errors, the most prominent type, and the causes of errors in using English articles in academic writing. The Researcher examined the academic writing by the ESP students. The researchers use an analytical parameter developed based on Biber et al. (1999) to analyze article errors. The causes of errors were obtained through a questionnaire developed based on the categories proposed by Brown (2007). After analyzing the data, the Researcher found 30 errors in Addition, Omission, and substitution categories. The most prominent type of Error is omission error, with a frequency of 293 occurrences or 76%. The main type of omission error is an omission of the definite article "the" before nouns or noun phrases. In contrast, the major cause of errors is mother tongue influence, with an average mean of 4.17 in the questionnaire responses. This study's findings indicate the need for teaching strategies and materials to prevent common article usage errors.
 
 

This study examines the application of speech acts in communication between doctors and patients at the Pratama Haji Medan-Pancing Clinic, focusing on the use of various types of speech acts, such as expressive, representative, directive, and commissive in medical interactions. Speech acts are understood as the smallest unit of speech activity that has a specific function, and in the medical context, this includes providing information, instructions, as well as expressions of empathy and emotional support. According to the findings from observations and interviews, effective communication between doctors and patients plays a crucial role in building trust and increasing patient satisfaction with healthcare services. According to the findings from observations and interviews, effective communication between doctors and patients plays a crucial role in building trust and increasing patient satisfaction with healthcare services. The use of appropriate speech acts, such as giving instructions on healthy lifestyles, showing empathy, and expressing care and support, plays a major role in reducing patient anxiety and improving social-emotional relationships in the hospital environment. Politeness in communication is a key element in improving the quality of health services. Therefore, the development of communication skills for medical personnel is essential to create a better experience for patients and be responsive to their needs.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Duolingo in improving vocabulary mastery related to procedure texts among 26 seventh-grade students at MTSS Daarul Ulum Margomulyo Blitar. The researchers employed a pre-experimental design using a one-group pre-test and post-test approach. The research process included three key steps: 1) administering a pre-test, 2) providing treatment, and 3) conducting a post-test. Data was collected through testing and analyzed using SPSS25. The results indicated that students' vocabulary achievement increased from an average of 61.15 in the pre-test to 83.65 in the post-test. The analysis revealed a significance value (sig2-tailed) of 0.001, which is below 0.05, indicating that Duolingo effectively enhanced the vocabulary achievement of the seventh-grade students at MTSS Daarul Ulum Margomulyo Blitar. Based on these findings, it is recommended that English teachers consider using Duolingo as an alternative instructional tool, particularly for teaching vocabulary and potentially other language skills or subskills.

This research aims to identify the forms of slang used by the Windah Basudara Community on application X, the functions of slang usage on application X, and also the reasons why slang is more frequently used by the Windah Basudara Community on application X currently. This research uses slang language analysis as the subject and the Windah Basudara Community as the object. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method. The topic of this research is the use of slang language on application X. The data collection methods used in this research are reading, note-taking, and screenshots. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher analyzes the slang language used by the Windah Basudara Community on application X. Data analysis is conducted by observing the language in the Windah Basudara Community, focusing on the use of language that does not conform to KBBI, and seeking the meaning of the language used.

This study aims to analyze the perception of sounds in Arabic language learning at SMA Negeri 3 Medan. Sound perception refers to students' ability to recognize and produce sounds in Arabic, which often differ from sounds in the Indonesian language. This research identifies phonological difficulties experienced by students, the factors influencing their sound perception, and the teaching methods employed to address these challenges. The research methodology used is qualitative with a case study approach, involving observations, interviews, and phonology tests with 30 students and several Arabic teachers at SMA Negeri 3 Medan. The results show that students face major difficulties in distinguishing and producing certain sounds, such as the letters " ? " (ain) and " ? " (qaf), which do not exist in Indonesian. Psychological factors, such as lack of self-confidence, as well as teaching methods that lack structure in phonological instruction, exacerbate the difficulties students face. This study recommends giving more attention to phonological teaching, utilizing technology, and implementing blended learning methods to enhance students' sound perception in Arabic.

This study aims to explore speech acts in the statement of AI with disabilities who is a suspect in a sexual harassment case. The object of research refers to voice recordings that become digital forensic evidence and are uploaded by YouTube tvOneNews as news of the development of the case. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques of observing information related to the development of the case which is then analyzed. The data collection technique uses a digital media observation system. The results and discussion found that there are locution, illocution, and perlocution speech acts. The locution is in the form of AI's statement to the speech partner (potential victim). The illocution contained 3 assertive verbs, 2 directive verbs, 2 commissive verbs, 1 expressive verb, and 2 rogative verbs. The perlocution contained is convincing so as to cause the effect of speech partners to feel sad. Emotional manipulation is present through the diction used by AI to influence its victims. In this context, it is also evident that anyone can commit acts of sexual harassment as long as they have mastery of language and regulation of thinking to manipulate victims.

A Foodcourt Baseball facility held by the surabaya state university (unesa) held in the middle of the ketintang campus. This study aims to determine 1) the location of the building, 2) analysis of sanitation facilities and 3) kitchen sanitation analysis and Baseball Foodcourt dining room. The study was a descriptive qualitative study aimed at illustrating the sanitation conditions at the foodcourt Baseball of surabaya state university, at the ketintang campus in September 2023. The population in this study is the entire stan in the Foodcourt Baseball is by 30 stan. Data recording This research uses the observation method accompanied by documentation and the collecting instrument of the data is the observation sheet. The results of the study show that location of buildings, sanitation facilities, kitchens and foodcourt baseball dining room had not fully qualified according to the decision of the Indonesian ministry of health no. 1098/ menkes/sk/vii /2003. With the study, the surabaya state university business administration, traders' and baseball court sanitation companies are expected to improve the application of sanitation and renew inadequate sanitation facilities.

This study uses a qualitative descriptive method to explore the potential of Lake Toba as an open-ended material in learning Indonesian for Foreign Speakers (BIPA). The research findings show that the geographical uniqueness of Lake Toba as a tourist destination offers opportunities for enriching relevant vocabulary for BIPA learners. In addition, the cultural elements typical of Lake Toba, such as traditions, arts, and customs, are rich learning resources in supporting language and culture teaching simultaneously. To maximize this potential, teaching materials are developed through interactive modules, learning videos, and virtual tours that present an immersive learning experience. This approach not only improves learners' language skills but also creates a deep emotional connection with the material, because learners can experience the beauty of Indonesian culture directly through the media provided.

This study aims to determine the character in the short rose's character finding her husband. The method used is qualitative. The data source from this study are from Dian Savitri's short story. The data analyzed in this study are sentence words. Paragraph, or quote related to the character's character in the short story of Dian Savitri. Data collection techniques are reading and observing Dian Savitri's short stories, and drawing conclusions. The result of this analysis shows that in the short story contains a character like antagonist and the protagonist.

Siomay is one of the types of dim sum that is widely found in the Indonesian food industry, with siomay skin as one of the main components to be an attraction on the outside of siomay. In general, siomay skin consists of wheat flour, water, salt, and tapioca.  In this study, there is an innovation in siomay skin, namely by adding  clover puree in the manufacture of siomay skin. The purpose of this study is to determine the organoleptic quality of siomay skin with the addition of clover leaf puree, nutritional content in siomay skin, and selling price per siomay seed. This type of research is an experiment with the addition of clover leaf puree of 20 g, 30 g, and 40 g, respectively. The collection of organoleptic test data was carried out by observation methods by 30 trained and semi-trained panelists. Organoleptic test data analysis using a single anova test. The results of the addition of clover leaf puree in the manufacture of siomay skin have a real effect on the color and texture of siomay skin, the best results on siomay skin with the addition of clover leaf puree in the amount of 30 grams, the nutritional content of siomay skin with the addition of clover leaf puree is protein 11.05%, antioxidants 98.65 mg, water 33.80%, crude fiber 4.08% and the selling price of one siomay seed is known to be Rp. 3,500.

This study examines the use of feminist language in the film Barbie and the Three Musketeers (2009) from a sociolinguistic perspective. The film raises the theme of women's empowerment through the main character, Corinne, who struggles to prove that women can also be knights. In this context, the film utilizes dialogue and narrative to challenge gender stereotypes and depict solidarity between women in achieving common goals. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with a note-taking technique in collecting data from conversations in the film. The results of the analysis show that the language used in the film reflects feminist values, including gender equality, courage, and cooperation between women. In addition, the film also successfully breaks down social barriers that hinder women and inspires viewers, especially the younger generation, to fight against norms that limit their potential. This study suggests the need to develop media content that supports women's empowerment to form a more inclusive and equal perception in society.

This study aims to analyze the potential of Indonesian culinary "Gulai" as a BIPA teaching material and to introduce Indonesian culture through traditional food. The method used in this study is a qualitative approach with data collection techniques in the form of interviews, observations, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that through the culinary learning media "Gulai" in the BIPA program can overcome the lack of teaching materials. Through the culinary teaching material "Gulai" in addition to promoting Indonesian language and culture, it can also add educational value and cultural value to BIPA teaching materials to be introduced to BIPA learners. This study focuses on the development of internationalization studies of the Indonesian language by utilizing traditional culinary as a learning medium by considering the global appeal, historical value, and diversity of traditional food flavors.

Apart from having an eclectic, universal nature, Tagmemik studies can also be used to analyze language such as the phrases "banana chips" and "tiwul rice". So, the aim of this research is to describe the tagmemes in the phrase banana chips and describe the tagmemes in the phrase nasi tiwul. This research method uses a qualitative research approach and descriptive research type. The researcher's presence will be in May, June 2024. The research setting is this research. The research data is language in the form of banana chips phrases and tiwul rice phrases. The research data source is a researcher who lives in Punung subdistrict, Pacitan district with the name Yeni Utami. Secondary data sources are Mrs. Suparni who has made tiwul rice, Mrs. Suwatmi who sells tiwul rice at the Margo Mulyo Punung market, the internet pacitanku.com, and prabangkanews.com as sources for the phrase tiwul rice while the secondary source for the phrase banana chips is the written language of banana chips "sweet crunchy" Mrs. Sri Wahyuni ??Pagutan, Pringkuku, Pacitan. The data collection procedure is by listening through field observations and internet observations. Then also use advanced note-taking techniques by using the data as the research object in the title. Data analysis technique by connecting tagmem theory with the data or research object stated in the title, namely banana chips and tiwul rice. Data validity techniques using theory triangulation and research method triangulation. Presentation of data using ordinary or formal language. The results of the research describe how slot, class, role, and cohesion are in the phrase "banana chips" and the phrase "tiwul rice" and the result is that it is true that a phrase is a noun phrase. Each phrase "banana chips" and the phrase "tiwul rice" in the slot section has a core and extra-core function. The class dimension has the form of basic morphemes, nouns, and has a subclass of noun phrases. The dimension of the role as a perpetrator or sufferer which has a function as a subject with the role of sufferer. The cohesion dimension can function as a filler for clauses that are transitive, intransitive or equative. Both as fillers for subject and object clauses. Suggestions for further research are that language researchers should use research objects in the form of data on phrases or clauses that are commonly used in everyday life, whether culinary, cultural, religious and social. So, research directly examines the language or uses research objects in the form of language.

This study aims to describe the self-defense mechanism taken from Sigmund Freud’s theory used by the main character in the literary work of the novel entitled Rain by Tere Liye. The problems studied are how the female main character in the novel faces the problems of her life and what forms of self-defense are used when the main character faces problems. The approach taken from this research uses a qualitative approach that focuses on the main character with the research method used, namely using a literary psychology approach. The results obtained show that the main female character in the novel uses forms of self-defense mechanisms in dealing with the problems of her life.

This research began with problems in science learning in class IV of SD Inpres Koperapoka II where the majority of students had difficulty understanding science learning material, so that the learning outcomes obtained by students were low. Therefore, to improve student learning outcomes in science learning, a discovery learning model assisted by image media is used for fourth grade students at SD Inpres Koperapoka. This research is classroom action research (PTK) using a qualitative approach. This research was carried out on fourth grade students at SD Inpres Koperapoka II with a total of 24 students. The instruments used to collect data are observation sheets, documentation and learning outcomes tests. The data obtained in the research was analyzed using qualitative and quantitative data analysis. This research was carried out in two cycles and each cycle consisted of one meeting. The results of research from each cycle that has been carried out using the discovery learning learning model assisted by image media show an increase in both the learning process and student learning outcomes. This can be seen from students' achievements in learning, where in cycle I the average score obtained by students only reached 70.8% completeness with an average student score of 68.75, while in cycle II showed quite a high increase with completeness reaching 87.5% and the average student score is 82. Thus it can be concluded that the use of the discovery learning learning model assisted by image media can improve student learning outcomes in science learning in class IV of SD Koperapoka II.
 

Abstract. Development is a pattern of changes experienced by an individual from the time they are still in the womb until a certain period of life.  Development generally involves growth (progress) but at certain times it will involve aging.  This development is the result of the maturity process and learning experiences of each individual.  Development is closely related to tempo and rhythm, it is integral to it.  Individuals who experience development can be marked by certain characteristics, but it is not uncommon for individuals to be less aware of the changes that have occurred to them.  This research uses a critical review method, which involves careful examination and evaluation of various sources of information, such as scientific journals, articles and other media.  The main aim of this approach is to improve the reader’s understanding and interpretation skills in the context of prenatal, early childhood and child development psychology while offering a critical assessment of the material reviewed.  In addition, a critical review requires identifying important topics in the literature, analyzing the methodology used, and evaluating the strengths and limitations of the sources studied.  In development, there is a pattern of changes experienced by individuals from the time they are still in the womb up to a certain period of life. In a child’s life there are two processes that have the potential to be continuous, namely growth and development. In this case, both processes have stages, including moral and spiritual stages.

The results of this research indicate an increase in student learning outcomes in metamorphosis material in class IV SDN 1 Tualang Cut. This is proven by the results of research conducted in the first cycle posttest, 14 students (56%) received a complete score, while 12 people (45%) received an incomplete score, with an average learning result of 69.46. In the second cycle posttest, students' complete learning results increased to 24 people (92%) and 2 students (8%) did not complete it, with an average learning result of 90.11. Furthermore, from observing teachers' activities in implementing learning in cycle I, an average of 76.36% was obtained and in cycle II the results of teacher observations increased to 94.54%. Furthermore, from the results of observations of student activities in cycle I, an average of 69.09 was obtained and in cycle II the results of student observations increased to 94.54. The increase in learning outcomes occurred after improvements in actions in cycle II. The action was stopped in cycle II because it had reached the success criteria. Thus, the conclusion was obtained that by implementing the problem based learning model there was an increase in the learning outcomes of metamorphosis material for class IV students at SDN 1 Tualang Cut.

The problem in this research is that some students feel bored when learning Arabic. Apart from that, students also find it difficult to understand and memorize Arabic vocabulary. And also the learning strategies that teachers use are less attractive for elementary school students. The aim of this research is to explain the application of the index card match strategy in improving understanding of Arabic vocabulary for fourth grade students at SDIT Baiturrahim Parik Putuih. The type of research that researchers used in this research is quantitative research. The samples from this research were fourth grade Ar-Rahman as the experimental class and fourth grade Al-Insyirah as the control class. Sampling was carried out using Probability Sampling. The research instrument uses observation and tests. In analyzing the data the researcher used the T test. After the data was analyzed in SPSS, the results obtained were a sig 2-tailed of 0.045 and the value was smaller than 0.05, because the sig 2-tailed of 0.045 was smaller than 0.05, then Ha was accepted. Therefore, the researcher concluded that the influence of the index card match strategy was obtained in improving the understanding of Arabic vocabulary for fourth grade students at SDIT Baiturrahim Parik Putuih.

The Merdeka Curriculum is here as a breath of fresh air in the world of Indonesian education, bringing a spirit of independence for teachers and students to learn and teach with creativity. One of the important instruments in realizing the vision of Independent Learning is the Learning Implementation Plan (RPP) which has undergone a significant transformation compared to the 2013 Curriculum RPP (K13). The Independent Curriculum RPP is made more concise and focuses on essential points, so that it is easy for teachers to understand and use. Learning objectives are formulated clearly, measurably and oriented towards Learning Achievements (CP), ensuring learning is centered on the outcomes to be achieved. Teachers are encouraged to understand students’ learning profiles, including their interests, talents, learning styles and learning needs. This allows learning to be designed in a personalized and meaningful way for each individual.

The research approach uses descriptive qualitative using the case study method. Data collection is done through observation, interviews and document analysis. The results of the study are based on data analysis and observations in the field, namely: The First, Curriculum planning and learning of inclusive education begins with making syllabus, lesson plans, and PPI.. Second, Organizing the curriculum and learning of inclusive education starts with grouping and dividing the tasks for the implementers of curriculum and learning plans, Third, the implementation of the curriculum and learning of inclusive education in children with special needs has a special service program for each student's suitability according to the RPP and PPI that has been prepared. Fourth, Curriculum evaluation and learning of inclusive education is carried out by providing a review of the ongoing implementation process and the results of assessments of the curriculum and student learning.

This article discusses the phenomenon of language use by young people in the contemporary era. Through qualitative research combining pragmatic and sociolinguistic theories, we explore various aspects of the language used by young people today. The language used by young people today is a reflection of cultural changes and social trends that affect the way they communicate.In this article, we outline the variety and creativity found in youth language, including the use of slang words, popular terms. Our analysis includes the social context that drives the development of this language, as well as its impact on youth understanding and identity. In addition, the article discusses the potential positive and negative impacts of the evolution of youth language on interpersonal communication and how this language reflects changing values in society. In an effort to understand and appreciate the dynamics of youth language, we invite readers to reflect on the importance of language adaptation in keeping up with the times.

The research aims to determine the positive and significant influence of the use of audio-visual media in Christian Religious Education learning on the learning interest of class VIII students at SMP Negeri 1 Pakkat for the 2023/2024 academic year. The research hypothesis is that there is a positive and significant influence between the use of audio-visual media in Christian Religious Education learning on the learning interest of class VIII students at SMP Negeri 1 Pakkat for the 2023/2024 academic year. Descriptive and inferential quantitative research methods. The population of all class VIII students at SMP Negeri 1 Pakkat for the 2023/2024 academic year who are Protestant Christians is 152 people. Random sampling (random sampling) was 35% of the total population, namely 53 people. The research instrument is a closed questionnaire. The results of data analysis obtained: a) The value rcount=0.501>rtabel(n=53)=0.297 and tcount=4.134>ttable(n-2=51)=2.000 shows that there is a relationship between the use of audio-visual media in Christian Religious Education learning and interest studying class VIII students of SMP Negeri 1 Pakkat for the 2023/2024 academic year. b) Regression equation. c) The determination test shows that the magnitude of the effect is 25.10%. d) Hypothesis testing obtained Fcount=16.794>Ftable(n-2=51)=3.15 so H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. The research concluded that there was a positive and significant influence between the use of audio-visual media in Christian Religious Education learning on the learning interest of class VIII students at SMP Negeri 1 Pakkat for the 2023/2024 academic year.

The aim of this research is to determine the process of developing teaching materials for observation report texts in the Merdeka phase D curriculum assisted by Lectora Inspire in class VIII SMP and to determine the feasibility of the resulting product. This research uses research and development methods using the Borg and Gall procedure with stages of potential and problems, data collection, product design, product validation, product revision, and limited trials. The feasibility value is calculated using a Likert scale based on the results of material expert validation, design expert validation, and study teacher assessment. The material development process was carried out to add several contributions in developing the existing observation report text material to be better. The research results show that the product resulting from the research "Development of Teaching Materials for Writing Text Reports on Observations in the Merdeka Curriculum Phase D for Class VIII Students of SMP Negeri 1 Bintang Bayu for the 2023/2024 Academic Year" is included in the "Very Good" category. This is based on the results of validation and material experts which were carried out twice with a score of 89% in the "Very Good" category and media expert validation twice with a score of 93% in the "Very good" category. Thus, the product is said to be suitable for use in the learning process.