This research is motivated by the low ability to write short stories in students, which is thought to be caused by the use of learning methods and media that are less varied and have not been able to stimulate students' imagination and creativity optimally. To overcome this problem, the application of innovative learning strategies is needed, one of which is the use of storyboard techniques. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of storyboard techniques on the ability to write short stories of class X students of SMK Tritech Informatika Medan. The method used in this study is a quantitative method with a quasi-experimental design, specifically the Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. The sample in this study amounted to 42 students who were divided into two groups, namely the experimental group who were given treatment using the storyboard technique and the control group who used conventional methods. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation, interviews, short story writing tests, and documentation. The data obtained were analyzed using normality tests, homogeneity tests, and t-tests (independent samples t-test). The results showed that there was a significant difference between the posttest scores of the experimental group and the control group. The experimental group experienced an average score increase of 18.81 points, while the control group only increased by 9.76 points. The t-test results showed a t-value of 2.677 and a significance level of p = 0.011 (p < 0.05), indicating that the storyboard technique had a significant effect on students' short story writing skills. Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of the storyboard technique is effective in improving students' creative writing skills. The implication of this finding is that the storyboard technique can be used as an alternative, creative and innovative learning strategy in writing instruction at the Vocational High School (SMK) level.

The use of slang among teenagers in Medan City has become a compelling social phenomenon to study. Slang, which tends to be informal and expressive, now dominates the communication patterns of youth, even in contexts that should require the use of standard language. This research aims to describe the forms of slang used by teenagers, identify the challenges in fostering standard language, and propose strategies to harmonize the use of slang and standard Indonesian. The method used in this study includes literature review and simple observations of teenagers' daily language use in Medan. The results show that slang serves as a means of expressing identity and group solidarity but also raises concerns about the decline in the ability to use proper and correct Indonesian. The main challenges include the dominance of social media, lack of role models in standard language use, and low motivation among youth to use formal language. Therefore, innovative and communicative strategies are needed so that the younger generation can shift language contexts appropriately without abandoning the richness of standard Indonesian.
 

Indonesian as a national language seeks to be internationalized through the teaching of BIPA, which requires subject matter that includes linguistic and cultural elements. Teaching often focuses on vocabulary and grammar, neglecting the important cultural context. Javanese culture, particularly the performing art of Reog Ponorogo, can be used as an effective medium of communication and teaching. Through this approach, BIPA teaching can be integrated with immersive cultural experiences, enhancing the understanding of Indonesian language and culture among foreign speakers. In this study, we aim to develop BIPA teaching materials by using local culture such as Reog Ponorogo. In qualitative research, the results emphasize meaning rather than generalization, data collection methods are triangulated, and data analysis is done inductively. The data used were sourced from various books, scientific journals, and the results of a survey of the needs of BIPA teaching materials for foreign speakers at Yale University. The integration of culture in teaching materials, such as the traditional art of Reog Ponorogo, not only enriches the learning experience, but also helps learners understand the social context and values underlying language use. Reog Ponorogo, with its deep symbolism and philosophy, provides an opportunity for learners to not only acquire language proficiency, but also develop Indonesian cultural values and character.

This design project is motivated by the declining interest of society, especially the younger generation, in the traditional art of Wayang Kulit Ramayana as part of Indonesia’s cultural heritage, which is being eroded by globalization. The lack of awareness regarding the importance of cultural preservation drives the need for innovative efforts that are relevant to today’s lifestyle. The aim of this project is to create batik motifs inspired by scenes from the Ramayana epic, to be applied to handbag products, thus reintroducing cultural values to society through functional and aesthetic media.The design process involves transforming visual representations of Ramayana scenes each containing deep moral messages and philosophies into batik motifs by combining stylization and the characteristic stylir technique of Wayang Kulit. The design method follows SP. Gustami’s theoretical approach, which includes three stages: exploration, design, and realization.This project has resulted in twelve batik motif designs, with twelve final works materialized as handbags made of mori cloth using the hand-drawn batik technique. It is hoped that this work can become a contemporary innovation in hand-drawn batik that not only enhances personal style but also serves as a means of preserving the cultural heritage of the Wayang Kulit Ramayana.

This study aims to determine the effect of smartphone use on the moral formation of students at MTs Hikmat Tuttulu, Tapango District, Polewali Mandar Regency. The background of this study is based on the phenomenon of increasing smartphone use among adolescents, including students at the junior high school level, which has a direct and indirect impact on their behavior and moral formation. The method used in this study is a quantitative method with a descriptive approach. Data were collected through observations, questionnaires, and interviews with students and teachers at MTs Hikmat Tuttulu. The results of the study indicate that smartphone use has a significant influence on the moral formation of students, both from the positive side such as access to Islamic information and increased insight, as well as the negative side such as a tendency towards deviant behavior, reduced social interaction, and neglect of adab values in daily life. Therefore, an active role is needed from parents, teachers, and schools in guiding the wise use of smartphones to support the formation of noble morals in students.

Religious education plays a crucial role in shaping students' character and instilling moral and spiritual values. This study aims to analyze the implementation of religious education policies in schools, focusing on the effectiveness of implementation, challenges faced by teachers and institutions, and its impact on students. The research employed a qualitative descriptive method with data collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. The findings indicate that although religious education policies are formally included in the curriculum, their implementation in practice still faces several obstacles, such as limited resources, lack of teacher training, and diverse religious backgrounds of students. Recommendations include improving teacher training, strengthening the curriculum, and adopting an inclusive approach that respects religious diversity.
 

Moral crisis and educational challenges in the era of globalization are hot issues currently being faced by the world of education in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to examine the urgency of teacher professionalism in Indonesia for solutions to the moral crisis and educational challenges in the global era. In the midst of rapid social change, globalization, and the degradation of moral values ??among students, the teaching profession is expected not only to be limited to teaching, but also to build national character. This study uses a library research method with a descriptive-qualitative approach, through a review of various literature such as books, scientific journals, and previous relevant research. The results of the study indicate that teacher professionalism which includes pedagogical, professional, social, and personality competencies has an important role in creating an adaptive, moral, and quality education system. Strengthening teacher professionalism is the first strategic step in forming a generation with character that is able to face global challenges without losing the nation's identity.

Technological advancements have significantly influenced learning methods, including the implementation of digital-based learning. This study aims to analyze the impact of digital-based learning implementation on students' learning motivation. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were obtained through observations, interviews, and documentation with teachers as research subjects. The findings indicate that digital-based learning positively affects students' learning motivation by increasing their engagement through interactive media such as educational videos and gamification platforms. However, challenges such as infrastructure limitations and potential digital distractions were also identified. Therefore, appropriate strategies are needed to optimize the use of digital technology to enhance learning effectiveness and student motivation optimally.

Elementary school teacher performance plays a pivotal role in enhancing the learning process. This study investigates key elements that affect teacher performance, including personal (internal) aspects, environmental (external) influences, leadership from school principals, and levels of teacher professionalism. Using a literature review approach, the study compiles data from relevant sources. The results reveal that teacher performance is shaped by motivation, satisfaction at work, support from school management, and both pedagogical and professional competence. This suggests that improving teacher effectiveness requires a holistic strategy. The study implies the importance of formulating education policies that continuously support teacher development and strengthen leadership to foster a productive educational climate.

This study aims to improve children's fine motor skills through collage activities using cotton in group B RA Al Hidayah. Fine motor skills are an important aspect in early childhood development, which involves the coordination of small muscles to support various activities, such as writing, cutting, and drawing. The research method used is classroom action research (CAR) which is carried out in two cycles, with each cycle including the planning, implementation, observation, and reflection stages. The subjects of this study were 15 children in group B at RA Al Hidayah. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation, documentation, and interviews. The results of the study showed a significant increase in children's fine motor skills after participating in collage activities using cotton. Children became more skilled in controlling finger movements, tearing, sticking, and arranging cotton according to the given pattern. In addition, collage activities also increased children's creativity and concentration in completing tasks. The conclusion of this study is that collage activities using cotton media can be an effective strategy for developing fine motor skills in early childhood. The recommendation given is for teachers to integrate collage activities more often in learning, and to utilize various simple materials that are easy to find to stimulate optimal fine motor development.

Generation Z grew in the midst of rapid technological developments, including the use of Characters. Al, an artificial intelligence-based platform that allows interaction with virtual characters. This article explores the role of Character. Al supports self-expression, trains social skills, and overcomes loneliness in Generation Z. Findings show that this technology can provide significant benefits, especially in aspects of mental health and communication. However, challenges such as potential dependencies and data privacy issues are also a concern. By understanding the role and impact of Character. Al, Generation Z can use this technology wisely to support their social lives.

This study aims to improve listening skills to aural texts in grade III elementary school students through the use of audio-visual media. With the presence of audio-visual media, it is hoped that students' motivation and concentration levels during the learning process can increase. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method, with data collection techniques through tests that assess cognitive aspects and non-test methods such as observation and documentation. The use of audio-visual animated films is expected to help students concentrate more and pay full attention to the material being taught. In addition, a fun learning approach is also expected to increase students' interest and enthusiasm in participating in learning activities.

This study aims to determine the effect of using flashcard media in Arabic language learning, specifically in mastering mufrodat (vocabulary), among tenth-grade students at SMA Nurul Jadid. The research employed a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design involving two classes as the experimental and control groups. The instruments used were pretest and posttest assessments. Data analysis results showed a significant increase in posttest scores in the experimental group compared to the control group. The average posttest score of the experimental group reached 83.4, while the control group only achieved 70.5. A t-test indicated a statistically significant difference, suggesting that flashcard media is effective in improving students’ vocabulary skills. These findings suggest that the use of interactive visual media such as flashcards can enhance student engagement and understanding in Arabic learning. This study also implies that teachers should consider using media suited to student characteristics and learning materials. However, the limited scope of participants and time of implementation are important considerations for future research. The researcher recommends developing digital media and conducting further studies at different educational levels or contexts.

This study aims to analyze the language development of early childhood through measuring Mean Length of Utterance (MLU) and identifying word classes, word types, and sentence patterns produced by children. The background of this research focuses on the importance of language as a communication tool and foundation in children's cognitive and social development. The method used was descriptive qualitative involving two subjects, Cheira Arumi Nasution and Abram Berger, aged 3 years and 2 months and 2 years and 7 months respectively. Data were collected through indirect observation techniques by recording children's speech and analyzing 100 utterances from each subject. The findings show that Cheira Arumi has an MLU of 3.48, which places her at stage IV, while Abram Berger has an MLU of 1.76, which indicates that he is at stage II. Both subjects showed that their word length was still not in line with their age standard according to MLU. This study emphasizes the importance of parents' role in providing more intensive language stimulation and reducing the use of gadgets to support children's language development.

Student-Centered Learning (SCL) is a learning approach that is centered on students, in this approach educators act as facilitators in the learning process. This approach focuses on the active involvement of students in the teaching and learning process, encouraging them to build their own knowledge through exploration, discussion, and collaboration. Therefore, the author conducted a study on how the Student-Centered Learning approach can increase student self-confidence. The research method used is a quantitative research method with a questionnaire as the main instrument for collecting data. The questionnaire was compiled using a Likert scale, which allows respondents to provide an assessment of various statements related to the effectiveness of the student-centered approach in learning. The majority of students support the implementation of Student-Centered Learning because it increases their confidence in speaking, asking questions, expressing opinions, completing academic assignments, and helps overcome feelings of insecurity through discussion methods and group work.

This study explores learning strategies implemented by educators in handling students with speech delay at the third-grade level of SDIT Ulil Albab. The research urgency stems from the need for personalized and adaptive learning strategies to accommodate the unique characteristics of students with communication challenges. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, the study employs observation, interviews, and document analysis as data collection methods. The findings reveal the effectiveness of several strategies, including systematic instructional communication, learning approach adjustments, and continuous mentoring. The implementation of these strategies not only impacts verbal competency enhancement but also strengthens students' psychosocial aspects within regular learning contexts. Research implications highlight that organized and adaptive learning strategies contribute significantly to creating an inclusive and supportive learning environment for students with speech delay. These findings are projected to serve as constructive references for education practitioners and policymakers in developing more optimal inclusive learning models.

?????? ?????: ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ?? ???????  ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??????. ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ”???? ????? ???????“ ???? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? 2 ????  ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ? ??????? 24 ??????. ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? PTK (???????? ??????). ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????: ???????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? 83% ?? ????? ????? ?100% ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? 88% ?? ????? ?????  ?100% ?? ????? ?????? .??? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?????  ????????? educaplay ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????.

The purpose of this study is to explore the application of just and civilized humanitarian principles in an effort to address the problem of socioeconomic disparities in modern urban societies. Socioeconomic disparities are an important issue that impacts people's access to education and other social services. The study identified various factors that cause imbalances in the distribution of resources, especially in the education sector, which in turn leads to increasingly stark social and economic disparities. Using a qualitative approach and descriptive methods, this study collects data from various sources such as journals, articles, and public policy. The results of the analysis show that the application of Pancasila values, especially the principles of just and civilized humanity, has a significant role in creating social justice and economic equity. From the results of the study, it is concluded that the application of fair and civilized humanitarian principles in education and social policies needs to be improved so that every individual has equal opportunities to access education. This study recommends strategies that include collaboration between sectors and increased understanding of Pancasila values to encourage a sense of collective responsibility in society. With these measures, it is hoped that they can reduce socioeconomic disparities and realize common prosperity.

????? ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????. ??? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???????. ???? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ????????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????. ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??????????. ?? ??? ????? ?? 15 ????? ????? ?? ?????? 30 ????? ?????? ?? ????????. ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????. ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??? ?????? ????????. ????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????. ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????????. ????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???.

This study aims to examine the implementation of differentiated instruction in adapting to students' learning styles in the Islamic Education subject at SMP Negeri 1 Patumbak, particularly considering that some Islamic Education teachers have not yet applied this method. Differentiated instruction is an approach that adjusts teaching methods and strategies to meet the needs and characteristics of students, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of learning. The research method used in this study is descriptive qualitative, with data collection through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results indicate that although some teachers have begun to implement differentiated instruction by recognizing students' learning styles and using varied methods, there are still challenges, such as a lack of understanding among teachers about this concept and limitations in supporting resources. The application of differentiated instruction has been shown to improve students' motivation and understanding of Islamic Education material. Therefore, it is recommended that the school provide adequate training and support for teachers to optimally implement differentiated instruction.  

This study aims to improve the early reading and writing skills of first-grade students at SDN 101280 Gunung Tua Tonga in the 2024/2025 academic year through the implementation of the Inkaber model (Inductive Picture-Word Model). The background of this research is based on the low early literacy skills of students, indicated by an average score of 1.39 on a 1–4 scale, as well as the minimal use of media and engaging learning approaches. This research is a Classroom Action Research (CAR) using the Kemmis & McTaggart model, conducted in two cycles, each consisting of planning, action, observation, and reflection stages. The objectives of this study are to describe the initial conditions of students' reading and writing skills, to portray the learning process using the Inkaber model, and to explain the improvement in literacy performance after the implementation. The results showed that the application of the Inkaber model significantly improved students’ reading and writing skills. In the initial condition, the average writing score was 58.5 and the reading score was 60.2, with most students not meeting the Minimum Competency Criteria (MCC). After two cycles of implementation, all students met the MCC with an average writing score of 85.24 and reading score of 84.70. The conclusion of this study is that the Inkaber model is effective for use in early literacy learning. The combination of visual media, interactive approaches, and contextual learning strategies made the lessons more engaging and meaningful for lower-grade students. This model is recommended as an alternative for improving early reading and writing skills in elementary schools.

The problem in this study is the Influence of Letter Box Media on Literacy Skills of 5-6 Year Old Children at PAUD Harapenta Namuseng. This study aims to determine the influence of letter box media on literacy skills of 5-6 year old children. The method used in the study is a quantitative method, with a one group pretest-posttest design. The research sample was 10 children aged 5-6 years. The data collection technique used was observation. Using the Wilcoxon test, namely by comparing Tcount with Ttable N = 10 ? = 0.05 Ttable = 8 where Tcount> Ttable (55> 8), which means the hypothesis is accepted. So it can be stated that there is an influence of the use of letter box media on literacy skills of 5-6 year old children at PAUD Harapenta Namuseng T.A 2024/2025.

Extracurricular sports activities are an important element of the success of school sports, which is one of the educational methods that provide students with many benefits targeting different skills, and the aim of the research was to identify social interaction in terms of practitioners of extracurricular sports activities among middle school students, and to identify any extracurricular sports activities (basketball - volleyball - football) have preference in social interaction,  The researcher used the descriptive approach on a sample of students of Al-Mughira Preparatory School bin Division practicing extracurricular activities in basketball, volleyball, and football, and their number is (37) students, using the scale of social interaction, and after collecting data and processing them statistically, the research concluded that there are no differences between the three measurements among practitioners of extracurricular activities in social interaction in basketball and volleyball games. Moreover, football, as a practitioner of extracurricular activities, is characterized by high social interaction.

This study aims to explore how TikTok content is related to elementary school students' learning motivation. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data was collected through interviews, observations, and documentation from five students, three teachers, and two student guardians at SDN 02 Serang. The results show that TikTok content has mixed effects on students' learning motivation; some students feel motivated by educational content, while others experience a decline in learning enthusiasm due to watching too much entertainment content. In addition, TikTok also plays a role in shaping students' social aspects, such as self-confidence and interaction skills. Proper mentoring is needed so that the use of TikTok can optimally support the learning process.

The purpose of this research is to understand how visual media is used in fourth-grade elementary education, and how visual media affects students' engagement and understanding of learning activities. This research is important as it highlights the benefits of visual learning to enhance knowledge transmission, especially in elementary schools. Data for this descriptive qualitative research was collected through documentation, interviews, and observations. The results show that teachers and fourth-grade students at one elementary school in Padang can help students remember, become more focused, and understand more complex concepts. According to the teacher, the use of visual media makes lessons more engaging and interactive. Thus, visual media is a useful teaching strategy to enhance learning in fourth-grade elementary classrooms. Teachers are encouraged to use more creativity and variety when selecting and creating visual materials that are appropriate for the curriculum and the needs of the students.

Instilling cultural values in elementary school students is one of the important strategies in character education based on local wisdom. Local legends, such as the singocandi legend, can be integrated into learning through interesting media, one of which is digital comics. This study aims to systematically examine how local legends are used in digital comic media to instill cultural values in elementary school students. The method used is the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) by following the stages of identification, screening, eligibility, and synthesis of data from relevant articles. The results of the study indicate that folklore in digital media can instill cultural values such as courage, honesty, and responsibility. In addition, the study shows that digital comics have the ability to increase student engagement and understanding of local cultural content. So, digital comics based on local legends are a good learning strategy for the younger generation.

The values contained in folklore such as patriotism and non-patriotism values of Si Pitung story have an important role in character education and literature learning. This research aims to analyze the values of patriotism and non-patriotism in the folklore of Si Pitung, as well as its implementation in literary education. The location of this research is Tanjung Priok, North Jakarta. The subjects of this research are Si Pitung as the main character and Mr. Salasa Dharma Utama as a historical figure. The research method used is descriptive qualitative research method. The results of this research are patriotism values contained in the folklore of Si Pitung are love for the country, self-sacrifice, courage, never give up, volunteerism, and justice and equality. While the non-patriotism values contained in the folklore of Si Pitung are violence, criminal, and betrayal. The patriotism and non- patriotism values of Si Pitung folklore can be implemented in literature learning through several learning methods, namely analysis model, inductive model through class discussion, strata mode, synectic model, sociodrama model, and presentation.

Self-confidence is a crucial aspect of student development and academic success. However, many students still struggle with low self-confidence. This article reviews the effectiveness of group counseling through a literature review of 22 journals (2013–2025). Findings show that group counseling effectively enhances self-confidence across various educational levels. Techniques used include REBT, bibliocounseling, self-instruction, and role play. Success also depends on the stages of implementation. Group counseling provides a reflective and supportive space, making it a suitable intervention strategy in guidance and counseling programs.

This literature study examines the influence of teacher competence on student learning outcomes at various levels of Senior High Schools (SMA) in Indonesia. To improve student learning outcomes, teachers must be able to develop their competence in every learning process. The teacher competence in question includes pedagogical, professional, social, and personality competence. This study applies the literature review method through analysis of various relevant scientific sources. The results of the study revealed that teacher competence influences the improvement of student learning outcomes, although in some cases there are other variables such as student learning motivation and learning facilities that also contribute. Therefore, improving teacher competence needs to be a concern in efforts to improve the quality of education.

?? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????????? ?? ??????? ????????????. ?? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? A  ????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? . ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? (KKM). ?? ???? ????? ?????????? Gallery Walk ?? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? A. ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?) ?????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ???????  Gallery Walk ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ? ????. ?) ?????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ??????? Gallery Walk  ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????. ??????? ?????????? Gallery Walk . ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????? A  ????? ?????? ????. ????? ????? ????????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? (Class Action Research) ???????? ?????kemmis  Taggart  ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??????: ???????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????. ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ?? ?? ????. ????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????.

This article explores the optimization of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning strategies through a scientific approach as an effort to improve integrative, reflective, and contextual learning quality. The scientific approach comprising five main steps: observing, questioning, reasoning, experimenting, and communicating plays a significant role in shaping students who not only cognitively understand Islamic teachings but also internalize spiritual values through critical and scientific thinking processes. This study employs a library research method by reviewing academic literature and relevant previous studies. The findings reveal that the scientific approach is effective in enhancing the quality of Islamic education, although its implementation faces several challenges, such as limited pedagogical competence among teachers, insufficient learning facilities, and resistance to critical thinking in religious education. Therefore, comprehensive optimization strategies including teacher capacity development, the design of scientific-based learning tools, technological integration, and the creation of a school culture that supports active and reflective learning are urgently needed. This article emphasizes that the scientific approach does not secularize religious learning but rather serves as a means to integrate faith and reason in shaping rational, religious, and adaptive Muslim generations.

This article explores the effectiveness of the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) approach in group counseling services to address various psychological issues experienced by students, such as anxiety, academic stress, low self-efficacy, and procrastination. Through a literature review of 20 articles published between 2015 and 2024, the study highlights that CBT-based group counseling has a positive impact on enhancing educational awareness, career maturity, self-confidence, self-control, and body image. Techniques such as cognitive restructuring, role playing, symbolic modeling, and active music therapy further reinforce the effectiveness of these interventions. However, the success of implementation greatly depends on the counselor’s skills, the intensity of sessions, and the participants’ active engagement. Therefore, CBT is considered a relevant and adaptable approach to be applied in group counseling within educational settings.

This research aims to analyze the Politeness and Speech Acts of the Community (Ojol Community). This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive method. Data were obtained through direct observation and recording of conversations between online ojek drivers and customers in real situations. Recording is done naturally without intervention to reflect authentic speech acts. The audio data is then transcribed and analyzed using Searle's speech act theory. The analysis is done descriptively qualitative by classifying and interpreting the form and function of utterances in the context of the conversation. The results show that nonstandard language is more dominantly used in informal communication, such as conversations between online ojek drivers and passengers, because it is considered more familiar, relaxed, and efficient. However, mastery of standardized language is still important, especially in official contexts, to maintain clarity and politeness. People are expected to be able to adjust the use of language according to the context so that communication remains effective and in accordance with linguistic norms.
 
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Phubbing behavior, a combination of the words "phone" and "snubbing," refers to a social phenomenon in which individuals focus more on their smartphones than interacting directly with the people around them. This behavior is increasingly widespread among students along with the rapid development of communication technology. This research aims to provide a general overview of phubbing behavior in students, identify the factors that influence it, as well as its impact on social relationships and the quality of communication between individuals. Literature studies conducted show that phubbing can be triggered by various factors, such as social media addiction, boredom in social interactions, low self-control, and the influence of social conformity. The impacts include a decrease in the quality of social relationships, communication disorders, and reduced academic productivity. Solutions that can be provided are based on analysis of several cases, such as increasing awareness through education and strengthening self-control, creating gadget-free zones, as well as developing empathy and social involvement in students. This research is expected to provide insight for academics and practitioners in overcoming phubbing problems in higher education environments.

Indonesian has a long historical journey as a means of communication as well as a symbol of national identity. This study discusses the dynamics of the development and position of Indonesian using the library research method. Library research used in this study can be in the form of books, articles and journals, which are based on various historical references and academic studies. Originating from the Malay language which has long functioned as a lingua franca in the Nusantara region, Indonesian was then inaugurated as a unifying language through the Youth Pledge in 1928 and was confirmed in the 1945 Constitution as the state language. The discussion also covers the important role of Indonesian in various sectors, such as the world of education, government bureaucracy, mass media, and the realm of technology. Based on the results of the literature review, it can be concluded that Indonesian plays a role not only as a means of communication, but also as an important element in the formation of national identity and the integration of a pluralistic society. This study emphasizes that the existence and function of Indonesian continue to develop in line with social change and progress.

This study aims to explore the impact of interactive learning media on elementary school students' learning outcomes in the context of the Merdeka Curriculum. Interactive learning media includes educational videos, game-based applications, and digital platforms that encourage active participation and more meaningful learning. This study uses a literature review method involving 11 studies from 2016 to 2024. The results show that interactive media positively influence students' cognitive, affective, and psychomotor achievements. It is also proven effective in supporting differentiated learning and increasing learning motivation. These findings provide important implications for the development of more relevant, adaptive, and responsive learning strategies to students' needs in the digital era.

This research aims to examine the relationship between moral education and obedience to parents and teachers in elementary schools.Through literature review and quantitative analysis, this research reveals that the influence of moral education on obedience to parents and teachers at school has a significant impact on students' ethics and actions in participating in social activities.In this regard, the challenge in the Indonesian education sector is to improve the quality of learning to produce graduates who are competitive, able to adapt to changes, and creative in solving the challenges they face.The process of moral education needs to be nurtured from an early age and should be maximized starting from elementary school.The goal of moral education in elementary school is to shape students' character to be good, ethical, responsible, and capable of making decisions based on positive values, as well as living harmoniously in society.This is done so that students have personal and social competencies, and become good citizens.The function of moral education in schools is to shape students' character to be integrity-driven, socially responsible, and ethical.Moral education also helps students understand the importance of moral values in everyday life.

Amid the fast and easily accessible digital information flow, hoaxes pose a serious threat to society, especially in religious contexts. This article explores the importance of implementing problem-based learning strategies to develop Islamic digital literacy, particularly among Islamic Religious Education (PAI) students and future religious educators. Through this approach, students not only learn to filter and verify information but also internalize Islamic values in their digital media use. Islamic digital literacy developed through problem-based learning helps foster a healthy and responsible digital space and strengthens the role of students as change agents in combating the spread of hoaxes

In the midst of the development of information technology and globalization, character education is very important to form a young generation with integrity and noble character. This study aims to explore the role of character education in the national curriculum in Indonesia, as well as the challenges faced in its implementation. The method used is descriptive qualitative with literature study, collecting data from various related literature. The results of the study indicate that character education not only focuses on developing noble morals, but also functions as a pillar in creating a just and civilized society. Although there are supportive policies, challenges such as limited time, resources, and the phenomenon of 'disconnect' in the digital era are still obstacles. Therefore, it is necessary to integrate character education into all subjects and extracurricular activities, increase training for teachers, and collaboration between schools, families, and communities to create an environment that supports character formation. This study concludes that character education must be an integral part of a curriculum that is adaptive to changing times, with a relevant approach to teaching digital ethics and in-depth social skills.

Every student must have personal problems both from behavior to emotional, especially in the context of education, so that these problems can interfere with the process of self-development. This can be overcome with the help of group counseling. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of group counseling in finding solutions to students’ personal problems. The method used is the literature study method, which obtains research from various reading sources such as journals. This research produces evidence from various literatures that group counseling is very effective in finding solutions to students’ personal problems both from behavior to emotional problems. Therefore, group counseling services are highly recommended for guidance and counseling in schools to be carried out regularly and periodically to help students overcome their problems effectively.

Persuasive writing is a skill that students need to master in conveying ideas in a structured and convincing manner. However, initial observations showed that the majority of students had difficulty in developing ideas and constructing logical arguments in persuasive writing. Several factors caused this, 1) lack of student motivation in writing, 2) lack of variation in learning strategies, and 3) limited use of media and learning resources that are relevant to the world of students. This study uses a qualitative-descriptive research method, namely observation which aims to improve students' persuasive writing skills using a multiliteracy learning model that can improve students' understanding and knowledge. The subjects of the study were several fifth grade elementary school children. The results of the interim study showed that the application of a significant multiliteracy learning model can improve students' understanding and ability in writing persuasive texts as indicated by an increase in the average score of students' writing compared to the results of previous studies in persuasive writing.

The ability to speak English is an essential skill for students, yet many face challenges in this area, particularly due to low self-confidence and limited vocabulary. This research aims to analyze the influence of self-confidence and vocabulary mastery on the speaking skills of Class D students in the English Language Education program, Stambuk 2023, Medan State University. The research method employed is qualitative descriptive with data collection techniques through a questionnaire completed by 15 respondents. The research results indicate that students with high self-confidence and good vocabulary mastery are more fluent in speaking, while students who lack confidence or have limited vocabulary tend to experience difficulties in expressing ideas. These findings emphasize that enhancing self-confidence and enriching vocabulary can improve students' speaking skills. Therefore, a communication-based learning approach and more interactive speaking practice are recommended to enhance students' speaking abilities.

The concept of selecting the student council president in schools that implements democratic values ??is still often found to be misunderstood in practice. The continuity of the student council president election which should be carried out freely, honestly, and fairly but often there are still influences from irresponsible parties. Democratic values ??that should uphold the rights of every human being are tarnished by dirty practices that often occur in the election of the student council president in schools. This study uses a research method with data collection through library studies from various literature such as articles, websites, the internet, news and others that are credible and trusted.

Film serves as a vital medium for reflecting cultural values and functions as an effective tool for intercultural communication. This study explores the differences in communication styles between the Korean and Indonesian adaptations of Miracle in Cell No. 7, focusing on how culture influences the expression of emotions, authority, and moral values through verbal and nonverbal elements. Employing a mixed-method approach, this research integrates qualitative thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2006) to examine key scenes, along with quantitative coding to statistically compare communicative elements. Hall’s (1976) theory of high-context and low-context communication provides the main theoretical framework to understand the intercultural distinctions between the two versions. The results show that the Korean adaptation relies more heavily on gestures (53.33%), such as physical aggression and exaggerated movements, while the Indonesian version (42.86%) places greater emphasis on verbal articulation and religious expression. Dramatic tonal shifts are more common in the Korean version (26.67%), whereas the Indonesian adaptation (28.57%) maintains a more controlled tone of voice. Facial expressions are more exaggerated in the Korean version (6.67%), particularly in scenes involving authority, while the Indonesian characters (9.52%) display subtler and more restrained expressions. Implicit communication, including religious symbolism, is more prominent in the Indonesian adaptation (19.05%), incorporating Islamic prayers and teachings, whereas the Korean version (13.33%) subtly includes Christian elements. This study reveals that while both adaptations reflect high-context communication cultures, the Korean version emphasizes physical expressiveness and hierarchical interaction, while the Indonesian version highlights verbal communication, religious themes, and emotional restraint. These findings reinforce the role of cinema as a medium for identity representation and cross-cultural understanding.

This study aims to describe the ability of sixth-grade elementary school students in understanding and writing explanatory texts. The method used in this research is a qualitative approach with descriptive techniques. The subjects of the study were five sixth-grade students selected purposively. Data were collected through a 10-item multiple-choice test. The results showed that three students achieved perfect scores (10 correct), one student answered 9 correctly, and another answered 8 correctly. In the writing task, all students were able to compose explanatory texts with appropriate structure. However, weaknesses were found in the linguistic features, particularly in the use of causal conjunctions and scientific terminology. These findings indicate that students have a good grasp of the basic concept of explanatory texts but require further guidance in mastering linguistic elements.

The implementation of inclusive education in Indonesia aims to provide educational facilities and services for children with special needs (ABK). Inclusive education has been implemented in various schools, especially in big cities, but still faces various challenges in its implementation. This study aims to describe the problems faced by schools that provide inclusive education in North Sumatra and their resolution efforts. The objects in this study include public schools and special schools that integrate inclusive education. This study uses a qualitative approach, with data collection techniques through interviews, observations, and documentation. The data obtained are explained through the process of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Various problems arise, ranging from the lack of number and competence of special guidance teachers (GPK), difficulties for students in following lessons, lack of school readiness to run inclusive programs, to limited facilities and infrastructure that do not support the needs of children with special needs (ABK). In addition, low cooperation between schools, education offices, and parents is also an obstacle to the implementation of effective inclusive education.
 

In the learning process in class X of SMK majoring in Fashion Design, there are Basic Elements of Fashion Design which cover various topics. One of the topics taught is about the parts and forms of clothing. The teaching method applied is appropriate, but there needs to be development of the learning media used, namely e-modules, to make it easier for educators and students during the teaching and learning process. For this study, the Research and Development method was used by applying the ADDIE model through a series of steps, namely analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. These stages are carried out to collect information about user needs, followed by development activities to create products. The findings of this study indicate that the level of validity of the e-module based on the assessment of media experts, material experts, and language experts reached an average of 3.28, falling into the very valid category. The results of classical student learning on the use of e-modules as learning media got 93.3% and were categorized as very good. Student responses to the e-module learning media regarding parts and forms of clothing recorded a score of 79.8% which was also in the very good classification. Therefore, it can be concluded that the e-module on clothing parts and forms is very valid for use in teaching because it is able to optimize student learning outcomes.

This study looks as how much the community's perceptions of SDN 006 Teluk Pandan's school image are impacted by educational service advertising tactics. Purposive sampling was utilized to gather data from parents of kids utilizing a quantitative method and basic linear regression analysis. With a F value of 175.239 and a significance level of 0.000 at the 95% confidence level, the results of the ANOVA test demonstrated a significant relationship between the school's brand image and the education promotion variable. According to regression research, school marketing tactics were 53.6% responsible for the public's favorable perception of the institution. With a correlation rating of 73.2%, the correlation results also showed a strong association between the two variables, indicating that the public's perception of the institution improves with more successful marketing campaigns. However, 46.4% of other factors—such as the caliber of professors, students' academic performance, facilities, administrative services, and the reputation of the educational institution—also affect the school's image but were not the subject of this study.

This study aims to improve the narrative writing skills of third grade students of MI Rahmatullah Jambi City through the application of the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) method. This research is a Classroom Action Research (PTK) conducted in two cycles, each consisting of two meetings. Each cycle includes the stages of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. Data were collected through observation of educators' and learners' activities, as well as assessment of students' narrative writing results. The results showed a significant increase in learning activities and students' narrative writing skills. The average score of teacher activity increased from 42.9 in Cycle I Meeting I to 96.5 in Cycle II Meeting II. Learners' activities also increased from a score of 54.5 to 80.4 at the end of the cycle. In addition, the average score of students' narrative writing skills increased from 44.9 at the pre-cycle stage to 89.5 at the end of Cycle II. These findings prove that the CTL method is effective in creating active, meaningful learning and improving narrative writing skills. Thus, CTL method is recommended as an innovative learning strategy in Indonesian language learning.

This study aims to determine the application of personal hygiene in food processing in the main kitchen of Harris Hotel & Conventions Bundaran Satelit Surabaya. The type of research used is descriptive quantitative, data collection methods with observation and interviews. The results of the study obtained are from the scope of cleanliness with a percentage of 87% so that it is categorized as very good seen from grooming that runs well such as shaving mustaches, shaving beards, cutting nails when they are long and using an apron when working in the kitchen to maintain cleanliness when processing food. From the scope of habits/behaviors, it gets a percentage of 97% so that it is categorized as very good seen from the use of hand gloves when touching food, not wearing work clothes during the trip then work clothes start to be worn in the locker room before entering the kitchen, using safety shoes when working, washing hands before and after work, using a mask when coughing, using napkins or rags that are used separately such as for cleaning the working table and rags for cleaning plates before serving, not wearing jewelry when working, always washing knives when finished to avoid contamination. From the health sector, the percentage of 80% is categorized as very good, seen from the provision of sanitation hygiene training, especially personal hygiene and medical check-up examinations.

This study aims to examine the digital divide in learning access among 10th-grade students at SMAN 2 Sungai Tarab. Data were collected using a closed questionnaire containing 20 items with positive and negative statements on a 4-point Likert scale. The study was conducted over four days (May 21–24, 2025) and focused on four aspects: ownership of digital devices, internet signal quality, digital literacy, and academic achievement. The findings indicate that all four aspects fall within the moderate category of digital divide, with average scores as follows: digital device ownership (2.66), signal quality (2.57), digital literacy (2.76), and academic achievement (2.50). Digital literacy showed the highest level of disparity, highlighting that some students still struggle to use digital devices effectively. Academic achievement showed the lowest disparity but is still influenced by the other factors. This study reinforces previous research that the digital divide remains a barrier to equitable education, especially in non-urban areas. Collaborative efforts are needed to improve infrastructure and enhance students’ digital skills to ensure more inclusive and equitable access to digital learning.

Advances in technology have led to an increase in gadget use among students, including the activity of using electronic devices before bedtime. This study used a qualitative approach, collecting data through student questionnaires and in-depth interviews with classroom teachers. The study involved 10 Year 5 students as main respondents and 1 class teacher as a supporting respondent. The results identified four themes: (1) students' habits in using gadgets before bedtime, (2) students' views on the impact on sleep quality, (3) teachers' views on the impact on students' learning, and (4) parents' role in supervision. The results showed that the majority of 5th grade students use gadgets 30-120 minutes before bedtime, with the habit of using gadgets to play games, watch videos and use social media. This study also found that students with good parental regulation and supervision of gadget use had better sleep quality and more stable academic performance. The results of this study highlight the importance of education on the wise use of gadgets, as well as the active role of parents and schools in regulating and supervising students' digital activities, especially before bedtime, to support optimal academic development.

This study aims to examine the relationship between teacher-student attachment and learning motivation of 3rd grade students at SDN Kaligandu Serang. Teacher-student attachment plays a crucial role in creating a supportive learning environment that nurtures students’ psychological development and academic enthusiasm. Employing a quantitative correlational approach, the study involved 40 elementary students as samples. Data were collected using a Guttman-scale questionnaire, validated and tested for reliability. The analysis was carried out using Pearson Product Moment correlation with SPSS assistance. The findings indicate a strong and significant positive relationship (r = 0.840) between teacher-student attachment and students' learning motivation. These results highlight the importance of fostering strong emotional bonds between teachers and students to enhance student motivation in the classroom context.

This study aims to implement the simulation-role playing method in fostering students' positive habits towards the social environment in learning the material of ghibah implementing tabayun in class VII students at SMPN 2 East Karawang. The research was conducted through two cycles, where each cycle included four stages, namely: planning, action implementation, observation, and reflection. Data collection was carried out using an instrument in the form of a multiplechoice test of 20 questions that focused on the material of avoiding gibah and carrying out tabayun. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively quantitatively to determine the improvement of student learning outcomes. The Minimum Completeness Criteria (KKM) set in this study is 70. This study is considered successful if at least 70% of all students get a score ?70. This finding shows that the use of the Simulation-Role Playing method is effective during learning and fosters positive habits towards the social environment. Thus Simulation-Role Playingf can be a relevant alternative in learning Islamic Religious Education at the junior high school level.

This study aims to explore the features of Praktika application for teachers’ speaking skills and teachers’ perceptions of the feature of Praktika application. This research was conducted in September 2024. The research used descriptive qualitative method with observation, interview, and questionnaire as the instruments. The respondents English teachers. Data were gathered by observation, interview, and questionnaire. The researcher conducted the study in several stages, starting with selecting qualified participants and observing their prior knowledge of the application. Participants then practiced speaking English using the application, while data was collected through participants perceiving learning to speak English in the Pratika application as self-learning. Finally, the researcher analyzed the gathered data using existing methods. Findings indicate that the Praktika application effectively supports English teachers in improving their pronunciation, sentence structures, and confidence in speaking. Additionally, teachers expressed positive perceptions of the application, highlighting its role in increasing motivation, engagement, and technical usability. The results suggest that Praktika can be a valuable self-learning tool for teachers and a recommended resource for students.

Psychological assessment is an essential component in the guidance and counseling process, as it serves as a tool to help counselors comprehensively understand the dynamics of an individual. Through various assessment techniques, both quantitative—such as psychological tests—and qualitative—such as interviews and observations—counselors can identify psychological factors that influence the behavior, thoughts, and emotions of the counselee. The purpose of this article is to explore how psychological assessment can be effectively used by counselors to understand an individual’s internal condition, as well as how it supports the accuracy of counseling interventions. The findings indicate that the ethical and professional use of assessments can enhance understanding of the counselee and serve as a foundation for developing personalized and effective counseling strategies.

Indonesian language plays a crucial role as both a national and state language, serving as a unifying tool for the nation, a national identity, and a means of communication in various aspects of life. This paper aims to explain the functions of Indonesian as a national and state language, as well as to identify its variations based on usage context, communication media, and fields of application. The research method employed is a literature review, analyzing various sources related to the functions and variations of the Indonesian language. The findings reveal that Indonesian has dual functions: as a symbol of national pride and an official state communication tool. Additionally, the variations of Indonesian are classified into formal, non-formal, and casual based on usage context; spoken and written based on communication media; and academic, legal, literary, journalistic, and advertising based on fields of application. The implication of this research is the importance of public understanding of the functions and variations of Indonesian to ensure its appropriate use in different contexts, thereby enhancing communication effectiveness and preserving Indonesian as a national identity.

?? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????????? ?? ???????. ?? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ???????. ??? ??? 14 ?????? ?? ??? 17 ??? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? (KKM). ????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????. ????? ????? ??: 1) ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? 2) ?????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????.  ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? (PTK) ??? ????? ?????-??? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?????: ???????? ???????? ????????? ?????????. ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????. ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ????????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????. ????? ???????: 1) ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? 48% ?? ????? ?????? ??? 86% ?? ????? ??????. 2) ???? ????? ?????? ?? 35% ????? 49.70 ?? ????? ????? ??? 82% ????? 81.47 ?? ????? ??????. ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ???????? ???????.

This research aims to analyze the dynamics of the role of Indonesian language among Generation Z, with an emphasis on the use of slang language in the context of social media. Language as a means of communication holds crucial significance in social life, and its development reflects the changes in time and technology Generation Z, born between the mid-1990s and early 2010s, is a group that is highly exposed to digital media and actively engages in content creation. A descriptive qualitative method is employed to explore the impact of slang language usage on the practice of formal Indonesian language communication. The findings indicate that while slang supports the expression of identity and creativity, there is a risk of diminished understanding of formal Indonesian language. This research recommends the implementation of innovative educational campaigns and collaboration with influencers to raise awareness of the importance of proper Indonesian language usage. With the application of appropriate strategies, it is hoped that the Indonesian language can remain relevant and be effectively used by Generation Z, positioning them as agents of change in the preservation of language in the digital era.

. ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ????????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????. ???? ??? ????????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ????????: ????????? ??????? ???????? ????????.
???? ??? ????? ??: 1) ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????. 2) ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????.
?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ???????? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????. ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????.
??????????? ?? ??? ????? ??: 1) ???? ??????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ????????? ????????.2) ???? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????. ???????? ??? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? (BTA) ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ????????.
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This community service activity aims to introduce the innovation of processed sambel green squid as an alternative to a healthy family menu based on local potential in RT 4, Pantai Amal Village. This program is carried out through a participatory approach by involving housewives in training, preparation, and nutrition education related to processed squid. The results of the activity showed an increase in participants' knowledge and skills in processing squid into nutritious, hygienic, and visually appealing dishes. In addition to providing health benefits, this innovation also opens up home business opportunities that support family food security. By making optimal use of local marine products, this program strengthens the economic and nutritional value of the daily consumption of coastal communities.

This study aims to describe the implementation of game-based learning through the Kahoot platform as a form of learning innovation in the digital era, especially in history teaching at the Junior High School (SMP) level. In the era of the Kurikulum Merdeka, which emphasises differentiated and participatory learning, the use of interactive digital media is a strategic solution in increasing student engagement and motivation to learn. Kahoot, as a game-based quiz platform, offers interactive features that teachers can utilise to deliver material engagingly, conduct formative evaluations, and create a fun and competitive learning environment. This study was compiled using a descriptive approach through a literature review from various scientific sources related to the use of Kahoot in learning. The results of the survey indicate that implementing Kahoot can increase students' enthusiasm, enhance their understanding of the material, and foster the development of 21st-century skills, including collaboration and digital literacy. Additionally, the technical steps for using Kahoot, including account creation, quiz design, and student participation, are explained in detail to provide educators with practical guidance. Thus, the integration of Kahoot in history learning is considered relevant and effective as part of an adaptive and meaningful digital education transformation.
 
 

 
Abstract. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the impact of the use of artificial intelligence on improving athletic performance. Articles were selected through searches in various electronic databases, with those included following pre-established eligibility criteria. A narrative synthesis was performed. The electronic search resulted in 2,300 articles at first. After checking the titles, abstracts, and exclusion of duplicates, 52 were selected for full reading. After that, 33 articles were excluded. 19 articles were included in this systematic review. The included articles assess both the influence of artificial intelligence on improving team sports performance and individual sports performance. Forty percent of the articles found were observational, with the remaining 60% represented by quasi-experimental articles, indicating that few scientific methods were employed when testing interventions in the samples presented. The results indicate that the use of artificial intelligence has been more frequent in the study of team sports, with few studies using both commercial technologies. Studies demonstrate that despite the increase in research waves and the emergence of artificial intelligence products, many are still poorly understood. Moreover, the lack of proper control patterns also makes the comparison of results difficult. However, given the advances and the numerous possibilities for use, it is important to continue investing in research on artificial intelligence to improve the effectiveness and performance of athletes.

This study was conducted due to the low interest of seventh-grade students in learning Islamic Education (PAI) at SMP Al-Mushlih Telukjambe Timur, Karawang. The purpose of this research is to determine the improvement of students’ learning interest through the use of visual learning strategies. The method used was classroom action research conducted in two cycles. Contextual learning strategies were applied using visual media, and students’ interest was assessed through observation sheets. The results showed a significant increase in interest, from 50% before the action, to 70% in the first cycle, and 95% in the second cycle. In conclusion, the use of contextual visual learning strategies effectively improves students’ interest in learning Islamic Education. This approach offers benefits for both educators and students in creating more engaging and interactive learning environments.
 

Connectivism is a learning theory that emphasizes the importance of networks and connections in the learning process, especially in the context of modern digital and technology. Learning is no longer limited to physical classrooms, but involves various sources of information spread through the internet network. In this digital era, tools and applications such as Canva are very relevant. Canva is a graphic design platform that allows users to create a variety of visual content easily and collaboratively. Through connectivism, applications such as Canva allow students to work together on design projects, share ideas, and access various visual resources from all over the world. By using Canva, students not only learn graphic design skills, but also develop the ability to collaborate effectively, access information quickly, and integrate knowledge from various disciplines. This reflects the principles of connectivism where learning occurs through dynamic interactions between learners and technology, creating a richer and more connected learning environment.

This study examines the use of feminist language in the film Barbie and the Three Musketeers (2009) from a sociolinguistic perspective. The film raises the theme of women's empowerment through the main character, Corinne, who struggles to prove that women can also be knights. In this context, the film utilizes dialogue and narrative to challenge gender stereotypes and depict solidarity between women in achieving common goals. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with a note-taking technique in collecting data from conversations in the film. The results of the analysis show that the language used in the film reflects feminist values, including gender equality, courage, and cooperation between women. In addition, the film also successfully breaks down social barriers that hinder women and inspires viewers, especially the younger generation, to fight against norms that limit their potential. This study suggests the need to develop media content that supports women's empowerment to form a more inclusive and equal perception in society.

Siomay is one of the types of dim sum that is widely found in the Indonesian food industry, with siomay skin as one of the main components to be an attraction on the outside of siomay. In general, siomay skin consists of wheat flour, water, salt, and tapioca.  In this study, there is an innovation in siomay skin, namely by adding  clover puree in the manufacture of siomay skin. The purpose of this study is to determine the organoleptic quality of siomay skin with the addition of clover leaf puree, nutritional content in siomay skin, and selling price per siomay seed. This type of research is an experiment with the addition of clover leaf puree of 20 g, 30 g, and 40 g, respectively. The collection of organoleptic test data was carried out by observation methods by 30 trained and semi-trained panelists. Organoleptic test data analysis using a single anova test. The results of the addition of clover leaf puree in the manufacture of siomay skin have a real effect on the color and texture of siomay skin, the best results on siomay skin with the addition of clover leaf puree in the amount of 30 grams, the nutritional content of siomay skin with the addition of clover leaf puree is protein 11.05%, antioxidants 98.65 mg, water 33.80%, crude fiber 4.08% and the selling price of one siomay seed is known to be Rp. 3,500.

This study aims to determine the character in the short rose's character finding her husband. The method used is qualitative. The data source from this study are from Dian Savitri's short story. The data analyzed in this study are sentence words. Paragraph, or quote related to the character's character in the short story of Dian Savitri. Data collection techniques are reading and observing Dian Savitri's short stories, and drawing conclusions. The result of this analysis shows that in the short story contains a character like antagonist and the protagonist.

This study uses a qualitative descriptive method to explore the potential of Lake Toba as an open-ended material in learning Indonesian for Foreign Speakers (BIPA). The research findings show that the geographical uniqueness of Lake Toba as a tourist destination offers opportunities for enriching relevant vocabulary for BIPA learners. In addition, the cultural elements typical of Lake Toba, such as traditions, arts, and customs, are rich learning resources in supporting language and culture teaching simultaneously. To maximize this potential, teaching materials are developed through interactive modules, learning videos, and virtual tours that present an immersive learning experience. This approach not only improves learners' language skills but also creates a deep emotional connection with the material, because learners can experience the beauty of Indonesian culture directly through the media provided.

A Foodcourt Baseball facility held by the surabaya state university (unesa) held in the middle of the ketintang campus. This study aims to determine 1) the location of the building, 2) analysis of sanitation facilities and 3) kitchen sanitation analysis and Baseball Foodcourt dining room. The study was a descriptive qualitative study aimed at illustrating the sanitation conditions at the foodcourt Baseball of surabaya state university, at the ketintang campus in September 2023. The population in this study is the entire stan in the Foodcourt Baseball is by 30 stan. Data recording This research uses the observation method accompanied by documentation and the collecting instrument of the data is the observation sheet. The results of the study show that location of buildings, sanitation facilities, kitchens and foodcourt baseball dining room had not fully qualified according to the decision of the Indonesian ministry of health no. 1098/ menkes/sk/vii /2003. With the study, the surabaya state university business administration, traders' and baseball court sanitation companies are expected to improve the application of sanitation and renew inadequate sanitation facilities.

This study aims to explore speech acts in the statement of AI with disabilities who is a suspect in a sexual harassment case. The object of research refers to voice recordings that become digital forensic evidence and are uploaded by YouTube tvOneNews as news of the development of the case. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques of observing information related to the development of the case which is then analyzed. The data collection technique uses a digital media observation system. The results and discussion found that there are locution, illocution, and perlocution speech acts. The locution is in the form of AI's statement to the speech partner (potential victim). The illocution contained 3 assertive verbs, 2 directive verbs, 2 commissive verbs, 1 expressive verb, and 2 rogative verbs. The perlocution contained is convincing so as to cause the effect of speech partners to feel sad. Emotional manipulation is present through the diction used by AI to influence its victims. In this context, it is also evident that anyone can commit acts of sexual harassment as long as they have mastery of language and regulation of thinking to manipulate victims.

This study aims to analyze the perception of sounds in Arabic language learning at SMA Negeri 3 Medan. Sound perception refers to students' ability to recognize and produce sounds in Arabic, which often differ from sounds in the Indonesian language. This research identifies phonological difficulties experienced by students, the factors influencing their sound perception, and the teaching methods employed to address these challenges. The research methodology used is qualitative with a case study approach, involving observations, interviews, and phonology tests with 30 students and several Arabic teachers at SMA Negeri 3 Medan. The results show that students face major difficulties in distinguishing and producing certain sounds, such as the letters " ? " (ain) and " ? " (qaf), which do not exist in Indonesian. Psychological factors, such as lack of self-confidence, as well as teaching methods that lack structure in phonological instruction, exacerbate the difficulties students face. This study recommends giving more attention to phonological teaching, utilizing technology, and implementing blended learning methods to enhance students' sound perception in Arabic.

This research aims to identify the forms of slang used by the Windah Basudara Community on application X, the functions of slang usage on application X, and also the reasons why slang is more frequently used by the Windah Basudara Community on application X currently. This research uses slang language analysis as the subject and the Windah Basudara Community as the object. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method. The topic of this research is the use of slang language on application X. The data collection methods used in this research are reading, note-taking, and screenshots. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher analyzes the slang language used by the Windah Basudara Community on application X. Data analysis is conducted by observing the language in the Windah Basudara Community, focusing on the use of language that does not conform to KBBI, and seeking the meaning of the language used.

This study aims to analyze the potential of Indonesian culinary "Gulai" as a BIPA teaching material and to introduce Indonesian culture through traditional food. The method used in this study is a qualitative approach with data collection techniques in the form of interviews, observations, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that through the culinary learning media "Gulai" in the BIPA program can overcome the lack of teaching materials. Through the culinary teaching material "Gulai" in addition to promoting Indonesian language and culture, it can also add educational value and cultural value to BIPA teaching materials to be introduced to BIPA learners. This study focuses on the development of internationalization studies of the Indonesian language by utilizing traditional culinary as a learning medium by considering the global appeal, historical value, and diversity of traditional food flavors.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Duolingo in improving vocabulary mastery related to procedure texts among 26 seventh-grade students at MTSS Daarul Ulum Margomulyo Blitar. The researchers employed a pre-experimental design using a one-group pre-test and post-test approach. The research process included three key steps: 1) administering a pre-test, 2) providing treatment, and 3) conducting a post-test. Data was collected through testing and analyzed using SPSS25. The results indicated that students' vocabulary achievement increased from an average of 61.15 in the pre-test to 83.65 in the post-test. The analysis revealed a significance value (sig2-tailed) of 0.001, which is below 0.05, indicating that Duolingo effectively enhanced the vocabulary achievement of the seventh-grade students at MTSS Daarul Ulum Margomulyo Blitar. Based on these findings, it is recommended that English teachers consider using Duolingo as an alternative instructional tool, particularly for teaching vocabulary and potentially other language skills or subskills.

This study examines the application of speech acts in communication between doctors and patients at the Pratama Haji Medan-Pancing Clinic, focusing on the use of various types of speech acts, such as expressive, representative, directive, and commissive in medical interactions. Speech acts are understood as the smallest unit of speech activity that has a specific function, and in the medical context, this includes providing information, instructions, as well as expressions of empathy and emotional support. According to the findings from observations and interviews, effective communication between doctors and patients plays a crucial role in building trust and increasing patient satisfaction with healthcare services. According to the findings from observations and interviews, effective communication between doctors and patients plays a crucial role in building trust and increasing patient satisfaction with healthcare services. The use of appropriate speech acts, such as giving instructions on healthy lifestyles, showing empathy, and expressing care and support, plays a major role in reducing patient anxiety and improving social-emotional relationships in the hospital environment. Politeness in communication is a key element in improving the quality of health services. Therefore, the development of communication skills for medical personnel is essential to create a better experience for patients and be responsive to their needs.

Analyzing errors is very important for ESP students because they can relate to their work, it also provides ESP students with corrections Errors in learning behavior. This research aimed to investigate the errors, the most prominent type, and the causes of errors in using English articles in academic writing. The Researcher examined the academic writing by the ESP students. The researchers use an analytical parameter developed based on Biber et al. (1999) to analyze article errors. The causes of errors were obtained through a questionnaire developed based on the categories proposed by Brown (2007). After analyzing the data, the Researcher found 30 errors in Addition, Omission, and substitution categories. The most prominent type of Error is omission error, with a frequency of 293 occurrences or 76%. The main type of omission error is an omission of the definite article "the" before nouns or noun phrases. In contrast, the major cause of errors is mother tongue influence, with an average mean of 4.17 in the questionnaire responses. This study's findings indicate the need for teaching strategies and materials to prevent common article usage errors.
 
 

The condition of stunting in rural areas reflects the challenges faced by many rural areas in Indonesia. Various complex factors such as inadequate nutrition, limited access to health services, poor sanitation, and low levels of public awareness about the importance of nutrition during growth. This type of research is qualitative descriptive research. The research subjects were Posyandu cadres in rural areas and the community (mothers of toddlers). This research uses narratives or words to discuss problems, the aim is to describe and explain the situation or phenomenon regarding the implementation of the posyandu program in reducing stunting rates in rural areas. This research uses primary data obtained from direct sources surveyed and secondary data obtained from books, records and related documents from Village Posyandu, Puskesmas and other appropriate sources. Data collection techniques include: (a) Observation, which uses a type of passive observation carried out by researchers when visiting research locations to observe and collect data, (b) Interview, which is a method used by asking questions to informants who are considered interested. understand the focus of the research. The stunting prevention program includes (1) providing additional nutrition (PMT); (2) giving vitamin A in addition to breast milk; (3) giving blood supplement tablets (TTD) to pregnant women; (4) providing complete basic vaccinations; (5) monitor the baby's development; (6) environmental cleanliness.

This study examined the Basic English ommunication skills of the Students of Clinical Nutrition Study Program at Politeknik Negeri Jember, especially in the first semester of the 2024/2025 academic year who are taking the Basic English Class. Using a quantitative and descriptive research approach, data was collected through tests designed to assess students' knowledge of English expressions used in everyday life. The test consists of 71 questions covering four topics. The test results showed good scores with most of the scores were categorized good and very good. Beside that, the difficulty index for each part of the test showed that students can answer the questions of the test that were categorized easy and very easy. The results of this study showed that students have good Basic English communication skills to prepare the students in entering the workplace in globalization era.

This article discusses improving speaking skills in undergraduate PGSD students at Muhammadiyah University of Makassar (Unismuh Makassar), especially in Advanced Indonesian Language Learning courses. This research aims to identify the challenges faced by students in improving their speaking skills and propose solutions that can be applied in the learning process. The method used is qualitative research with a case study approach, which involves observation, interviews and document analysis. The research results show that the main challenges faced by students are lack of self-confidence, limited vocabulary, and the inability to organize arguments systematically. The proposed solutions include the application of effective communication techniques, the use of technology-based learning media, and the habit of speaking in public to increase self-confidence. It is hoped that this research can make a positive contribution to the development of speaking skills of PGSD students at Unismuh Makassar, as well as becoming a reference for teaching Indonesian in tertiary institutions.

The research aims to analyze the novel Rain by Tere Liye using an expressive literary criticism approach. This approach focuses on how the author’s personal experiences, feelings, and ideas contained in the work are reflected in the characters, plot, and language style used in the novel. This research uses qualitative methods with text analysis techniques and literature study to understand the meaning and messages contained in the novel. The result of the analysis show that the novel Rain contains the author’s emotional expression through dialogue, characters and narrative structure, which reflects the author’s inner struggles and life experiences. This research provides deeper insight into how literary works can be a medium for the writer’s personal expression that is able to influence readers emotionally.

The research aims to identify the level of job satisfaction among physical education teachers in the General Directorate of Anbar Education, as the researcher used the descriptive approach for its suitability and the nature of the research problem, the research community was represented by (380) teachers in the General Directorate of Anbar Education, as for the research sample, it was divided into a sample of the exploratory experience (60) teachers with a percentage of (15.78%) and the main experiment sample (320) teachers and a percentage of (84.21%) of the total research community, and the researcher concluded that the scale proved effective to measure the variable of job satisfaction For physical education teachers in the General Directorate of Anbar Education from their point of view and obtaining all areas of the job satisfaction scale on high and close grades and according to the answers of the sample except for the last field, and the researcher recommended the need to pay attention to physical education teachers through the development of material and moral incentives for creative ones to satisfy their needs to achieve job satisfaction and work to activate the physical education lesson in schools and the diversity of its activities and events and provide professional and educational needs.
 

Literary work is an expression of the representation of the author's mind using language as a medium, where the human or author's feelings here are personal in the form of experiences, thoughts, feelings, ideas, enthusiasm and beliefs which are formed in a picture of life that can brings out the charm that uses language tools in written form. According to Teeuw (1988:23) in (Asria Fera Nurnazilia et al., 2022) literature comes from the root word "sas" (Sanskrit) which means to direct, teach, give guidance and instruction, while the suffix "tra" means tool, means. So, lexically, literature means a collection of tools for teaching, manuals or good teaching books, such as silpasastra (architectural manual), kamasastra (love manual). Literature is a form of representation of an author's thoughts. Literary works are an art that has a human element in it that involves feelings. This research uses a qualitative descriptive research method. The main data of this research is a literary work in the form of poetry in the form of the lyrics of the song "Nia Anak Surga" by Erwin Chan with research data in the form of words, quotes and sentences whose meanings are analyzed using a mimetic approach. Data collection techniques use documentary techniques. The data analysis technique uses content analysis techniques. The aim of this research is to describe the meaning and mimetic evidence contained in the song "Nia Anak Surga" by Erwin Chan seen from mimetic studies.

The development of technology in the industrial era 5.0 has brought significant changes in various sectors, including banking. Banking digitalization, especially through mobile banking services such as Livin' by Mandiri, provides easy, fast and efficient transactions, which have an impact on customer satisfaction and loyalty. This study aims to analyze the effect of e-service quality and customer satisfaction on customer loyalty of Livin' by Mandiri. Using a quantitative approach and Partial Least Squares (PLS) analysis method, this study collected data from 400 respondents through an online questionnaire. The results showed that e-service quality has a positive effect on customer loyalty, especially among young customers (17-25 years old) who use the application for educational purposes and daily transactions. In addition, customer satisfaction also has a positive effect on customer loyalty, with the majority of respondents feeling satisfied with the ease and efficiency of the services provided. These findings demonstrate the importance of e-service quality and customer satisfaction in building customer loyalty in the digital era. This study contributes to the understanding of the factors that influence customer loyalty in the context of digital banking services in Indonesia.

The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of elementary school teacher education (PGSD) students at Muhammadiyah Makassar University which took place over seven weeks from November to December 2024. This research uses descriptive qualitative research to observe and analyze the listening skills of 5th semester elementary school teacher education students at Muhammadiyah Makassar University. Based on the results of this study conducted by researchers, it can be concluded that the experience of 5th semester students of elementary teacher education is quite satisfactory even though there are several obstacles they experienced when taking the results of the test sheets conducted by researchers.
 

For humans, language functions as a vital communication tool in life because language is a communication tool for humans or society to interact, and words are useful in conversation. The thing that will be discussed in this research is connotative meaning, namely the meaning of impressions or associations that are usually emotional in nature that are evoked by a word regardless of the boundaries of the dictionary or its basic definition. The aim of this research is to explain the connotative meaning contained in Dr. YouTube. Richard Lee: Kiki Putra Exposes UN Fraud. In analyzing YouTube content, researchers used a qualitative approach and the type of research was descriptive qualitative. The results of this research contain 10 statements of connotative meaning, including the following: 1). Silence, 2). Buying a chair, 3). Overslept Hero, 4). You are handsome, you are a wolf, 5). Government eyes, 6). Shoot at UI, 7). Mummy, 8). Humble, 9). If you attend high school, 10). Dropout.

This study aims to examine the perceptions of students in the Elementary School Teacher Education (PGSD) Program at Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar regarding reading instructional strategies implemented in elementary schools. The approach used is descriptive qualitative, with data collection techniques through semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. The respondents of this study were 32 PGSD students currently enrolled in the reading instruction course. The findings reveal that the majority of students have a positive perception of the various reading instructional strategies taught during the course. They believe that the use of diverse strategies grounded in constructivist theory, such as meaning-based word comprehension strategies and the use of interactive media, is highly effective in enhancing elementary students' reading skills. This research makes a significant contribution to the development of more relevant and effective reading instructional strategies in elementary schools and serves as a reference for teaching practices at the university level.

The aim of this research is to determine the process of developing teaching materials for observation report texts in the Merdeka phase D curriculum assisted by Lectora Inspire in class VIII SMP and to determine the feasibility of the resulting product. This research uses research and development methods using the Borg and Gall procedure with stages of potential and problems, data collection, product design, product validation, product revision, and limited trials. The feasibility value is calculated using a Likert scale based on the results of material expert validation, design expert validation, and study teacher assessment. The material development process was carried out to add several contributions in developing the existing observation report text material to be better. The research results show that the product resulting from the research "Development of Teaching Materials for Writing Text Reports on Observations in the Merdeka Curriculum Phase D for Class VIII Students of SMP Negeri 1 Bintang Bayu for the 2023/2024 Academic Year" is included in the "Very Good" category. This is based on the results of validation and material experts which were carried out twice with a score of 89% in the "Very Good" category and media expert validation twice with a score of 93% in the "Very good" category. Thus, the product is said to be suitable for use in the learning process.

The research aims to determine the positive and significant influence of the use of audio-visual media in Christian Religious Education learning on the learning interest of class VIII students at SMP Negeri 1 Pakkat for the 2023/2024 academic year. The research hypothesis is that there is a positive and significant influence between the use of audio-visual media in Christian Religious Education learning on the learning interest of class VIII students at SMP Negeri 1 Pakkat for the 2023/2024 academic year. Descriptive and inferential quantitative research methods. The population of all class VIII students at SMP Negeri 1 Pakkat for the 2023/2024 academic year who are Protestant Christians is 152 people. Random sampling (random sampling) was 35% of the total population, namely 53 people. The research instrument is a closed questionnaire. The results of data analysis obtained: a) The value rcount=0.501>rtabel(n=53)=0.297 and tcount=4.134>ttable(n-2=51)=2.000 shows that there is a relationship between the use of audio-visual media in Christian Religious Education learning and interest studying class VIII students of SMP Negeri 1 Pakkat for the 2023/2024 academic year. b) Regression equation. c) The determination test shows that the magnitude of the effect is 25.10%. d) Hypothesis testing obtained Fcount=16.794>Ftable(n-2=51)=3.15 so H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. The research concluded that there was a positive and significant influence between the use of audio-visual media in Christian Religious Education learning on the learning interest of class VIII students at SMP Negeri 1 Pakkat for the 2023/2024 academic year.

This article discusses the phenomenon of language use by young people in the contemporary era. Through qualitative research combining pragmatic and sociolinguistic theories, we explore various aspects of the language used by young people today. The language used by young people today is a reflection of cultural changes and social trends that affect the way they communicate.In this article, we outline the variety and creativity found in youth language, including the use of slang words, popular terms. Our analysis includes the social context that drives the development of this language, as well as its impact on youth understanding and identity. In addition, the article discusses the potential positive and negative impacts of the evolution of youth language on interpersonal communication and how this language reflects changing values in society. In an effort to understand and appreciate the dynamics of youth language, we invite readers to reflect on the importance of language adaptation in keeping up with the times.

The research approach uses descriptive qualitative using the case study method. Data collection is done through observation, interviews and document analysis. The results of the study are based on data analysis and observations in the field, namely: The First, Curriculum planning and learning of inclusive education begins with making syllabus, lesson plans, and PPI.. Second, Organizing the curriculum and learning of inclusive education starts with grouping and dividing the tasks for the implementers of curriculum and learning plans, Third, the implementation of the curriculum and learning of inclusive education in children with special needs has a special service program for each student's suitability according to the RPP and PPI that has been prepared. Fourth, Curriculum evaluation and learning of inclusive education is carried out by providing a review of the ongoing implementation process and the results of assessments of the curriculum and student learning.

The Merdeka Curriculum is here as a breath of fresh air in the world of Indonesian education, bringing a spirit of independence for teachers and students to learn and teach with creativity. One of the important instruments in realizing the vision of Independent Learning is the Learning Implementation Plan (RPP) which has undergone a significant transformation compared to the 2013 Curriculum RPP (K13). The Independent Curriculum RPP is made more concise and focuses on essential points, so that it is easy for teachers to understand and use. Learning objectives are formulated clearly, measurably and oriented towards Learning Achievements (CP), ensuring learning is centered on the outcomes to be achieved. Teachers are encouraged to understand students’ learning profiles, including their interests, talents, learning styles and learning needs. This allows learning to be designed in a personalized and meaningful way for each individual.

The problem in this research is that some students feel bored when learning Arabic. Apart from that, students also find it difficult to understand and memorize Arabic vocabulary. And also the learning strategies that teachers use are less attractive for elementary school students. The aim of this research is to explain the application of the index card match strategy in improving understanding of Arabic vocabulary for fourth grade students at SDIT Baiturrahim Parik Putuih. The type of research that researchers used in this research is quantitative research. The samples from this research were fourth grade Ar-Rahman as the experimental class and fourth grade Al-Insyirah as the control class. Sampling was carried out using Probability Sampling. The research instrument uses observation and tests. In analyzing the data the researcher used the T test. After the data was analyzed in SPSS, the results obtained were a sig 2-tailed of 0.045 and the value was smaller than 0.05, because the sig 2-tailed of 0.045 was smaller than 0.05, then Ha was accepted. Therefore, the researcher concluded that the influence of the index card match strategy was obtained in improving the understanding of Arabic vocabulary for fourth grade students at SDIT Baiturrahim Parik Putuih.

The results of this research indicate an increase in student learning outcomes in metamorphosis material in class IV SDN 1 Tualang Cut. This is proven by the results of research conducted in the first cycle posttest, 14 students (56%) received a complete score, while 12 people (45%) received an incomplete score, with an average learning result of 69.46. In the second cycle posttest, students' complete learning results increased to 24 people (92%) and 2 students (8%) did not complete it, with an average learning result of 90.11. Furthermore, from observing teachers' activities in implementing learning in cycle I, an average of 76.36% was obtained and in cycle II the results of teacher observations increased to 94.54%. Furthermore, from the results of observations of student activities in cycle I, an average of 69.09 was obtained and in cycle II the results of student observations increased to 94.54. The increase in learning outcomes occurred after improvements in actions in cycle II. The action was stopped in cycle II because it had reached the success criteria. Thus, the conclusion was obtained that by implementing the problem based learning model there was an increase in the learning outcomes of metamorphosis material for class IV students at SDN 1 Tualang Cut.

Abstract. Development is a pattern of changes experienced by an individual from the time they are still in the womb until a certain period of life.  Development generally involves growth (progress) but at certain times it will involve aging.  This development is the result of the maturity process and learning experiences of each individual.  Development is closely related to tempo and rhythm, it is integral to it.  Individuals who experience development can be marked by certain characteristics, but it is not uncommon for individuals to be less aware of the changes that have occurred to them.  This research uses a critical review method, which involves careful examination and evaluation of various sources of information, such as scientific journals, articles and other media.  The main aim of this approach is to improve the reader’s understanding and interpretation skills in the context of prenatal, early childhood and child development psychology while offering a critical assessment of the material reviewed.  In addition, a critical review requires identifying important topics in the literature, analyzing the methodology used, and evaluating the strengths and limitations of the sources studied.  In development, there is a pattern of changes experienced by individuals from the time they are still in the womb up to a certain period of life. In a child’s life there are two processes that have the potential to be continuous, namely growth and development. In this case, both processes have stages, including moral and spiritual stages.

This research began with problems in science learning in class IV of SD Inpres Koperapoka II where the majority of students had difficulty understanding science learning material, so that the learning outcomes obtained by students were low. Therefore, to improve student learning outcomes in science learning, a discovery learning model assisted by image media is used for fourth grade students at SD Inpres Koperapoka. This research is classroom action research (PTK) using a qualitative approach. This research was carried out on fourth grade students at SD Inpres Koperapoka II with a total of 24 students. The instruments used to collect data are observation sheets, documentation and learning outcomes tests. The data obtained in the research was analyzed using qualitative and quantitative data analysis. This research was carried out in two cycles and each cycle consisted of one meeting. The results of research from each cycle that has been carried out using the discovery learning learning model assisted by image media show an increase in both the learning process and student learning outcomes. This can be seen from students' achievements in learning, where in cycle I the average score obtained by students only reached 70.8% completeness with an average student score of 68.75, while in cycle II showed quite a high increase with completeness reaching 87.5% and the average student score is 82. Thus it can be concluded that the use of the discovery learning learning model assisted by image media can improve student learning outcomes in science learning in class IV of SD Koperapoka II.
 

This study aims to describe the self-defense mechanism taken from Sigmund Freud’s theory used by the main character in the literary work of the novel entitled Rain by Tere Liye. The problems studied are how the female main character in the novel faces the problems of her life and what forms of self-defense are used when the main character faces problems. The approach taken from this research uses a qualitative approach that focuses on the main character with the research method used, namely using a literary psychology approach. The results obtained show that the main female character in the novel uses forms of self-defense mechanisms in dealing with the problems of her life.

Apart from having an eclectic, universal nature, Tagmemik studies can also be used to analyze language such as the phrases "banana chips" and "tiwul rice". So, the aim of this research is to describe the tagmemes in the phrase banana chips and describe the tagmemes in the phrase nasi tiwul. This research method uses a qualitative research approach and descriptive research type. The researcher's presence will be in May, June 2024. The research setting is this research. The research data is language in the form of banana chips phrases and tiwul rice phrases. The research data source is a researcher who lives in Punung subdistrict, Pacitan district with the name Yeni Utami. Secondary data sources are Mrs. Suparni who has made tiwul rice, Mrs. Suwatmi who sells tiwul rice at the Margo Mulyo Punung market, the internet pacitanku.com, and prabangkanews.com as sources for the phrase tiwul rice while the secondary source for the phrase banana chips is the written language of banana chips "sweet crunchy" Mrs. Sri Wahyuni ??Pagutan, Pringkuku, Pacitan. The data collection procedure is by listening through field observations and internet observations. Then also use advanced note-taking techniques by using the data as the research object in the title. Data analysis technique by connecting tagmem theory with the data or research object stated in the title, namely banana chips and tiwul rice. Data validity techniques using theory triangulation and research method triangulation. Presentation of data using ordinary or formal language. The results of the research describe how slot, class, role, and cohesion are in the phrase "banana chips" and the phrase "tiwul rice" and the result is that it is true that a phrase is a noun phrase. Each phrase "banana chips" and the phrase "tiwul rice" in the slot section has a core and extra-core function. The class dimension has the form of basic morphemes, nouns, and has a subclass of noun phrases. The dimension of the role as a perpetrator or sufferer which has a function as a subject with the role of sufferer. The cohesion dimension can function as a filler for clauses that are transitive, intransitive or equative. Both as fillers for subject and object clauses. Suggestions for further research are that language researchers should use research objects in the form of data on phrases or clauses that are commonly used in everyday life, whether culinary, cultural, religious and social. So, research directly examines the language or uses research objects in the form of language.

The low learning outcomes and student learning motivation are influenced by learning activities that are less innovative so that students feel bored and bored. The purpose of this study was to improve student learning outcomes and motivation by implementing the Everyone Is A Teacher Here (ETH) learning strategy. The type of research used is experimental research. The population of this study were all students of class XI IPA at SMA Negeri 1 Dolok Batu Nanggar. A sample of 2 classes was selected using a purposive sampling technique which served as the experimental class and the control class. The data analysis technique used the one-sided t-test, namely the right-hand t-test. The results and discussions that have been carried out show that there is an increase in student learning outcomes and motivation in classes that apply ETH learning strategies, this is evidenced in testing learning outcomes, obtained tcount = 14.3 and ttable = 1.67 (? = 0.05) so that tcount > ttable, then Ha is accepted and the N-gain is 0.71 (high category). Meanwhile, in testing student learning motivation, tcount = 7.95 and ttable = 1.67 (? = 0.05), so tcount > ttable, then Ha is accepted and N-gain is 0.65 (moderate category).

Writing Skills is one of the four maharah studied in Arabic. Writing Skills  is a way of expressing language and feelings through writing. In Writing Skills there are three elements that are trained intensively, namely, imla', khat (calligraphy) and insha'. The success of an Arabic written work can be seen from the effectiveness of the Writing Skills studied. The aim of this research is to determine the extent of the effectiveness of Writing Skills on the writing results of Arabic language education students at the North Sumatra State Islamic University Medan. This research uses qualitative methods with data collection methods using interviews and library literature. The results of this research found that the Writing Skills studied by Semester V Arabic Language Education students at the North Sumatra State Islamic University, Medan, was quite effective. Where students already understand the rules of writing Arabic properly and correctly and are able to write an essay in Arabic writing.

This research is motivated by the implicature in the video of Anies Baswedan's first political speech receiving the presidential candidate's declaration for the 2024 presidential election from Nasdem on the YouTube platform. The aim of this research is to describe the types and meaning of implicatures in Anies Baswedan's speech in the video of his first political speech accepting the presidential candidate's declaration for the 2024 presidential election. This research is included in qualitative research using a descriptive approach. The data in this research is oral data in the form of speech which has been classified based on the type and meaning of implicatures contained in the video of Anies Baswedan's first political speech receiving the presidential candidate declaration for the 2024 presidential election from Nasdem. The research results show that there are types and meanings of implicatures in Anies' speech in the video of the declaration of his first political speech. Anies Baswedan received the presidential candidate declaration for the 2024 presidential election from Nasdem. The types of implicatures found in this research are conventional implicatures and conversational or non-conventional implicatures. Meanwhile, the meaning of implicatures found is in the form of referential and non-referential meanings.

Early childhood development is something that will disrupt a child's life, which arises from a mismatch in their development. The research objective of this research is to understand the problems faced by young children, minimize the emergence and impact of these problems, and be able to provide appropriate assistance efforts. Therefore, it is important to know about early childhood development because at this time, children are in a golden age that only comes once and cannot be repeated. As educators and parents, it is mandatory to see children's growth and development from an early age, and what a loss it is for parents who don't care about their children's development. A child's problem is something that is disturbing. Language development disorders are the inability or limitations in using linguistic symbols to communicate verbally or delays in a child's ability to develop speech and language according to their age group, gender, customs and intelligence. Therefore, if speech and language disorders are not treated appropriately, there will be problems with reading ability, verbal ability, behavior, psychosocial adjustment and poor academic ability. Parents/teachers need to understand this problematic behavior because "problem children" are usually seen in the classroom and they even display problematic behavior in all interactions with their environment. Children's lives, which arise due to disharmony in their development.

Apart from be.ing famous for the language of the Koran, Arabic has an important role in entering the current era of globalization, moreover Arabic is also an international language that we should have mastered. Therefore, Arabic has been widely studied in several schools, especially in Islamic educational institutions or Islamic-based schools. To make it easier for educators to convey Arabic language learning, educators should master the methods used in learning Arabic. In this writing, the author will explain a method for learning Arabic, especially the Maharah Al-Kitabah, to make it easier for educators to achieve learning goals. The method for learning Arabic in Maharah Al-Kitabah which will be discussed in this writing is the insyaiyah method. The purpose of this writing is to make it easier for educators or anyone who reads this article to inform and make it easier to choose Arabic language learning methods. The author uses the library research method, namely a series of activities relating to library data collection methods, by collecting as much data as possible through books, journals, the internet and so on, then criticizing and writing it into this paper when he has found it. accurate data.

Language is a tool used to communicate. In Arabic there is a sign known as Harakat. The purpose of the research is to find out how the history of the emergence of harakat in Arabic writing. The research method used is qualitative research method. The data collection technique used is by conducting a literature review on Indonesian literature and Arabic literature. The results of this study indicate that Arabic is a language that is included in the Semitic language and has many speakers in the world in Arabic there is a harakat, the harakat itself means moving, namely the harakat moves dead letters. The kinds of harakat are divided into 3 parts, namely al-Harakat al-Qashiroh, al-Harakat at-tawilah, and al- Harakat al-Ghoribah.  The origin of harakat is due to the spread of Islam to various regions so that the use of the Qur'an is spreading. The initial originator of the harakat was Abu Aswad ad-Duali, then entered the sign on the letter which was then perfected by al-Khalil bin Ahmad al-Farahidi, namely giving the harakat with the inspiration of the hijaiyah letters.

Writing skills (maharah al-kitabah) are the highest of the four language skills. Writing is an activity that is related to the thinking process and expression skills in written form. Maharah Kitabah or also known as applied writing has a very important role in human life. Even in educational institutions, learning a foreign language is the main aim of writing skills. In general, writing skills have unique characteristics compared to other types of skills that have an impact on teaching methods. Therefore, every educator needs to look for effective writing teaching methods to improve student achievement. The most effective is the Total Physical Response method or known as Perfect Physical Response (TPR). In the 1960s, American psychologist James Asher developed the TPR method. This research uses a qualitative method, descriptive research type. In other words, this method provides comprehension practice through the use of physical drawing techniques during foreign language teaching at the initial level. This method has the following principles: First, teaching must reduce productive skills in language learning (spoken and written). Second, delay teaching speaking before the child's understanding has developed. Third, language skills acquired through hearing transfer to other skills (speaking, reading and writing). Fourth, teaching must emphasize the meaning of form.