This research is based on the fact that literary works are a reflection of real life. Therefore, this research aims to see the form of representation of life in the short story Wangon Jatilawang by Ahmad Tohari. The method used is descriptive qualitative. The results of the study show that there are four representations of life shown by various characters in the short story Wangon Jatilwang, namely (1) Marginalization, (2) Stereotype, (3) Caring and (4) Religious. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that life is inseparable from the bad and good sides. However, as short story lovers, we can learn from the good things.
 

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Ritual Malabuh In Banjar Community of South Kalimantan. This study aimed to determine the structure, function, and to analyze the ritual of malabuh meaning in Banjar community, South Kalimantan. In examining this problem, researchers used a qualitative research with descriptive method. Sources of data in this study were some data of ritual that obtained from 10 informants who have experience in performing malabuh ritual. Data collection techniques used interview through recording the spoken by informants. Data analysis used transcription, identification, classification, and inference of data to determine the structure, function, and meaning of ritual. The result of the research concludes that the structure of the malabuh ritual has a structure consisting of one (1) verse, which is a maximum of 7 lines and a minimum of 1 line. This ritual have the complete sentence structure and have structural elements consisting of greeting, intention, and purpose. Ritual of malabuh was functioned as an introduction or a tool to invoke God's power, either directly or through an intermediary by the mystical crocodile which is believed have the power to provide protection or to eliminate the disturbance. The ritual that analyzed with hermeneutic approach performed significantly as a communication medium for serving malabuh ritual offerings.

Apperception activities have an important role in building the foundation for critical thinking in elementary school students, especially in supporting the Pancasila Student Profile. This research aims to explore the urgency of implementing well-designed apperception in encouraging students' critical thinking abilities. This research uses the library research method as the main approach for collecting and analyzing data. Library research is a qualitative research method that does not involve direct field activities, but focuses on collecting information from various written sources, both published and unpublished. The research results show that structured apperception activities can effectively increase students' active involvement, connecting previous knowledge with new concepts, and gradually forming a critical thinking pattern. This study provides valuable insight for educators in designing effective and targeted learning strategies, which emphasize the development of critical thinking skills from an early age.

This research aims to reveal the moral values contained in the play RT 0 RW 0 by Iwan Simatupang using a moral approach. This drama describes the social life of marginalized communities who are full of limitations but still show an unyielding spirit. The method used is descriptive with data analysis techniques in the form of observation of the script text and identification of dialog quotes that contain moral values. The results showed that moral values in the script are divided into three aspects, namely individual moral values, social moral values, and religious moral values. Eight quotations with moral values were found: three individual values, four social values, and two religious values. Social moral value is the most dominant aspect, reflecting the importance of solidarity, compassion, and care among others in the social life of the lower-class community. This research shows that literary works, especially drama, can be an effective means of conveying moral messages to readers and audiences.

Learning difficulties are one of the main challenges faced by elementary school students and have a direct influence on the achievement of learning outcomes. These difficulties can come from internal factors, such as low motivation and cognitive abilities, as well as external factors such as a less supportive family environment and less varied learning methods. This article aims to examine the strategies implemented by teachers in overcoming students' learning difficulties based on literature studies. This research uses a literature study method with a qualitative descriptive approach, which utilizes various scientific sources such as journals, books and relevant articles from the last five years. The results of the study show that the strategies used by teachers include providing remedial learning, individual approaches, using varied and fun learning methods and media, providing motivation through rewards, and collaborating with parents to support the learning process at home. Teachers also act as facilitators, motivators and mentors who understand students' characteristics and learning needs. The implications of this research show the importance of increasing teacher capacity and cross-party collaboration to create an adaptive, responsive and inclusive learning environment to support student academic success.

The folktale "Bawang Putih dan Bawang Merah" is one of the oral cultural heritages that is widespread in the Nusantara region, especially in the Indonesian and Malay language traditions. This study analyzes the narrative structure and moral values ??contained in the story through a structural and hermeneutic approach. The analysis shows that this story has a distinctive structure with a pattern of family conflict, heroic journey, and moral resolution that reflects the traditional value system of the Malay-Indonesian community.
 
 

This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of stimulating creativity in children aged 4-5 years through the use of picture story books. Creativity is an important key in developing the potential of early childhood. This creativity can be increased through interesting and interactive learning media. The research method used is classroom action research with qualitative research. Data was obtained through observation and interviews with one of the teachers who teaches at an early childhood education institution. The research results show that the use of picture story books in learning can stimulate children's imagination, creative thinking abilities, encourage children's curiosity, and enrich their vocabulary. Apart from that, the activity of reading together with the assistance of a teacher or parent has a positive impact on children's social interactions. Thus, picture story books can be an effective alternative medium for stimulating the creativity of early childhood children aged 4-5 years.

The concept of religious moderation in Islamic education becomes very relevant to form individuals who are able to live harmoniously in a multicultural society. However, there are still few studies that deeply examine how the principles of religious moderation reflected in the verses of the Qur'an and Hadith can be integrated in Islamic education. This study aims to analyze the concept of religious moderation in the Qur'an and Hadith and its implications in Islamic education. The method used is library research by analyzing the relevant texts of the Qur'an and Hadith, and connecting them with the theory of Islamic education. The results show that religious moderation, manifested in the balance between rights and obligations and the avoidance of extremism, can be a strong basis for developing a more inclusive and tolerant Islamic education curriculum. Moreover, the application of these moderation values has the potential to reduce social polarization and promote harmony in society. This research makes an important contribution to the development of moderation-based Islamic education theory and opens up opportunities for further research involving empirical approaches and the implementation of a religious moderation-based curriculum. The social and ethical implications of this research also demonstrate the importance of using digital technology in supporting the dissemination of religious moderation values to create a more peaceful society.

This research examines the psychological aspects of language in the use of language in the character Hendra in the film My Idiot Brother. This research aims to analyze how the language of an individual with severe intellectual disabilities, especially idioty, is depicted through Hendra's speech patterns. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative, by analyzing Hendra's verbal expressions in the film. Data collection was carried out by watching, recording and noting relevant speech examples from films. Research findings indicate that Hendra's language use reflects significant challenges in understanding complex instructions, producing clear speech, and interacting socially, which is consistent with characteristics of severe intellectual disability. This research contributes to understanding language difficulties in individuals with severe cognitive impairment, especially in relation to their ability to communicate and process information. The implications of this research are relevant for educational and therapeutic practice for individuals with similar conditions, emphasizing the importance of providing a supportive environment to meet their communication needs.

In Erich Fromm’s psychosocial, there are constructive instincts (biophilia) and destructive instincts (necrophilia). In the romance film ‘Bumi Manusia’, the psychological elements that looks very contrasting is the necrophilia behavior of the main character Robert Mellema. This qualitative research takes the source from the roman ‘Bumi Manusia’ which is adapted from the phenomenal novel by Pramoedya Ananta Toer (1980). After successfully capturing the attention of many literary art lovers, the same storyline was also made into a film in 2019 with a duration of 3 hours 1 minute. The research data are in the from of quotes from the film ‘Bumi Manusia’ (2019), more specifically about the necrophilia behavior of the character Robert Mellema. In this case, destructive behavior is more interesting to study because it is in line with the reasons for the initation of Erich Fromm’s theory, namely: demeaning others, discriminating, immoral behavior, impolite, addicted to sinful women, and other of destructive behavior.

This article discusses the use of persuasive language in cosmetic advertisements on the TikTok application. Persuasion is a text that aims to invite or persuade others to take a certain action. In other words, Persuasion is used to convey a certain Intention so that the audience can carry out or accept the ideas of the author of the text. This means that persuasive writing has the ability to generate certain stimuli that are important to the author. In this study, the researcher chose a qualitative method to conduct research on the use of persuasive language in cosmetic advertisements on the TikTok application. In data collection, researchers used techniques such as capturing images, listening, and taking notes. The data used in this study were cosmetic advertisements viewed on the TikTok application which included persuasive techniques. In this study, researchers found two of the seven types of persuasive language. There are two techniques used, namely rationalization which explains the content, and the results after using cosmetics and suggestions are influencing and persuading others to accept a certain position without providing a basis for trust.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of active learning strategies in enhancing the understanding of Islamic values in schools. Active learning provides space for students to actively engage in the learning process, allowing Islamic values to be understood, internalized, and applied in daily life. Through a literature review, this study examines various literatures discussing the concept of active learning, types of active learning strategies, and their impact on students’ understanding and practice of Islamic teachings. The results show that active learning strategies, such as discussions, simulations, religious projects, and reflections, significantly improve students' understanding of Islamic values in a deeper and more contextual manner. Furthermore, the teacher’s role as a facilitator is crucial in creating a conducive learning environment that supports the internalization of Islamic values. This study concludes that active learning not only enhances the cognitive aspects of students but also strengthens their Islamic character.

This study examines the effectiveness of using the local legend “The Origins of Kudus City” as a learning medium to improve reading skills in elementary school students. This legend was chosen for its three unique features: first, it contains the historical narrative of Sunan Kudus, rich in Islamic-Javanese acculturation values; second, it has strong geographical relevance to students’ daily lives in Kudus; third, it presents potential for character visualization and cultural settings that are engaging for early-age readers. The study aims to analyze the influence of local legends on students’ reading development. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted by analyzing seven relevant articles sourced from academic databases such as Google Scholar, DOAJ, and Scopus. The inclusion criteria focused on reading skills, elementary school students, learning media, and the legend of Kudus City. The results indicate that illustrated storybooks based on local legends can significantly enhance reading comprehension, increase student motivation, and encourage active classroom participation. Additionally, this learning media enables the integration of local cultural values into the educational process, making learning more contextual and meaningful. Thus, illustrated storybooks based on the legend of “The Origins of Kudus City” are proven effective as an innovative learning tool that not only strengthens reading skills but also preserves local wisdom in elementary education.

This study explores ethnographic research methods in education, focusing on their characteristics, types, advantages, and limitations. The study aims to provide a systematic understanding of ethnographic research in education and identify steps to enhance its validity and reliability. A library research approach was used, analyzing various academic sources. The findings reveal that ethnography provides deep insights into school culture, classroom social interactions, and student-teacher communication patterns. Identified types of ethnographic research include realist, critical, and case study ethnography. While this method offers a holistic understanding of educational contexts, it also has drawbacks, such as researcher subjectivity and extended time requirements.

This study develops audio-visual teaching materials to enhance secondary school students’ understanding of conditional sentences in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) instruction. Adopting the Borg and Gall Research and Development (R&D) model, the study involves information gathering, planning, prototype development, field testing, and product revision. The materials include animated videos and interactive exercises designed to engage students and simplify complex grammatical concepts. Data collected through questionnaires, interviews, observations, and tests reveal improved student comprehension and engagement after using the materials. Teachers noted that these resources align with curriculum requirements and support effective grammar teaching. This study highlights the potential of audio-visual media in addressing challenges in EFL grammar instruction, offering practical and innovative solutions for educators.

This study aims to reveal the character values contained in the lyrics of the song Sangu Batulak by Anang Ardiansyah. This traditional Banjar song not only functions as entertainment, but also as a medium for conveying moral and cultural messages to the community. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, this study analyzed the contents of the song lyrics to identify the character values contained therein. The results of the analysis show that the song Sangu Batulak contains a number of important character values, including religious, responsible, independent, compassionate, family, and sincerity. These values are conveyed through the diction and language style typical of Banjar which is full of meaning, and reflects the culture and outlook on life of its people. Thus, Banjar songs have great potential as a contextual and effective character learn-ing medium in forming individuals who are moral and responsible.
 
 

Forests are a vital element in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem because they provide various needs for living things, such as a source of oxygen, carbon dioxide absorber, food provider, climate regulator, and biodiversity conservation place. However, along with the times, deforestation is increasingly rampant and threatens the sustainability of forest ecological functions. One potential approach to preserving forests is local wisdom-based conservation by involving indigenous communities. This study aims to analyse forest conservation practices carried out by the indigenous people of Kampung Naga in Tasikmalaya through a zone division system based on local wisdom values. Using qualitative methods and a case study approach, this research examines how the Kampung Naga community maintains ecosystem balance through structured land management and preservation of forest ecological functions. In addition, this research also explores customary values and norms that shape community behaviour in environmental management, such as the use of natural materials in house construction, sustainable management of agricultural land, and the application of silviculture principles in maintaining forest areas as a life support. The results of this study show that local wisdom can be a strong basis for sustainable natural resource management.

Mental disorders, particularly schizophrenia, are psychological phenomena that are widely addressed in literary works because they can reflect the inner conflicts of individuals as well as the social problems surrounding them. This study aims to uncover how schizophrenia is represented in the main character of the novel "Skizofrenia" by Disadisso using a psychological literary approach based on Lev Vygotsky's sociocultural theory. The method used is descriptive qualitative, with data collection techniques involving reading and noting the text of the novel. Data are analyzed through the grouping of schizophrenia symptoms, tracing causes, and examining the influence of social interactions on the character's development of the disorder. The results show that the main character, Fara, experiences various symptoms of schizophrenia such as hallucinations, delusions, social withdrawal, and thought disorders, which arise from psychosocial stress, childhood trauma, and a lack of social and family support. The conclusion of the study This research emphasizes that schizophrenia is not only a mental disorder from a purely medical perspective, but also a result of the failure of social and repressive cultural relationships, which is clarified through the literary psychology approach of Lev Vygotsky.

This study was conducted because there are still many fifth grade elementary school students who still have difficulty in understanding the contents of the reading, especially when asked to think critically or evaluatively. They have not been able to assess or give opinions about the reading properly. In addition, their reading ability is still low. The purpose of this study was to determine students' ability to understand reading evaluatively. This study used a case study method with a qualitative approach. The researcher involved five fifth grade elementary school students as research subjects. The data for this study were obtained through observation, evaluative reading comprehension ability tests, and documentation. The results of this study indicate that fifth grade students still have low evaluative reading comprehension abilities. Students have not been able to answer questions or complete exercises related to the contents of the reading correctly, have difficulty assessing ideas or ideas conveyed by the author based on their experience and knowledge, cannot state reasons for choosing certain ideas or ideas, and have not been able to compare the main ideas in the text with personal experiences properly. Several factors that cause this low ability are students' difficulty in maintaining concentration while reading, lack of interest and motivation in reading activities, and support provided by the family environment.

This study aimed to identify the impact of designing agility ladder drills and their role in developing types of speed and improving the skill performance of the setup skill in volleyball. The researcher adopted an experimental method using pre- and post-tests over an 8-week training program, with a sample of 10 players from Al-Sahaf Al-Oula Intermediate School in Najaf Al-Ashraf. Statistical analysis (SPSS) revealed that the agility ladder drills contributed to developing specific types of speed among the research sample. Additionally, improvements were observed in speed test results and in the volleyball setup skill performance. The researcher recommends implementing the designed agility ladder exercises for their effectiveness in enhancing agility, flexibility, and coordination, as well as diversifying training methods to develop physical attributes.

This study aims to analyze the intrinsic elements in the novel KKN (Kuliah Kerja Ngebaper) by Nurul Vidya Utami. This novel was selected because it contains various aspects of human life during the Community Service Program (KKN), wrapped in a light yet meaningful romantic and comedic theme. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method with a structural approach, focusing on the analysis of intrinsic elements, which include theme, plot, setting, characters and characterization, point of view, language style, and moral message. The results show that the intrinsic elements in this novel are closely interconnected and together form a coherent narrative structure. The main theme presented is the dynamics of friendship, love, and personal conflict during the KKN activities. A chronological plot is used to portray the story in an orderly manner, with settings that enhance the atmosphere of the narrative. The characters are depicted with diverse and realistic traits. The third-person point of view provides an objective narrative distance, while the moral message conveys deep values about love and sacrifice. This study is expected to contribute to literary studies, particularly in understanding the structure and meaning embedded in modern literary works.
 
 

In the era of society 5.0, advances in digital technology have developed rapidly in the lives of the Indonesian people. One of the current digital technologies is artificial intelligence or better known as Artificial Intelligence (AI). DeepL is one of the popular online translator websites used because it utilizes Artificial Intelligence (AI) in deciphering writing. DeepL has become a very useful tool for individuals and organizations in overcoming language barriers. This study aims to analyze the Deepl Write AI platform that is often used by students for foreign language improvement in writing assignments and scientific papers. The research method using descriptive explanatory qualitative type was chosen to convey facts by providing explanations from the data obtained. The results of this study show that DeepL which uses AI contributes to improving students' writing skills and confidence.

This study explores the educational values ??and internal and external musical elements contained in Randai art, one of the traditional performing arts typical of Minangkabau. Randai art not only functions as entertainment, but also as a medium for learning social, cultural, and moral values ??for the community. This study uses a literature review approach and the initial step taken is to conduct a comprehensive literature review of educational values ??and internal and external music in Randai art. The results of the study show that educational values ??in Randai include teachings about togetherness, leadership, respect for customs, and social ethics. Meanwhile, internal music in Randai consists of traditional instruments such as saluang, gendang, and talempong which are integrated with dialogue and silat movements. External music plays a role in supporting the dramatic atmosphere and conveying moral messages to the audience.

This article discusses the linguistic structure of Indonesian with an emphasis on the importance of morphology as one of the main aspects in learning and understanding language. Morphology, as a branch of linguistics, studies the internal structure of words and the process of their formation through affixation, reduplication, and composition. This study aims to analyze the types of morphemes—including free, bound, derivational, and inflectional morphemes—and to understand the morphological process and grammatical classes in Indonesian systematically. Through this study, it is also explained how affixation (prefix, suffix, infix, and confix), reduplication in various forms, and compound word composition play a role in forming meaning. This study highlights the importance of morphology in language teaching, communication, and development, and emphasizes that understanding morphological structure will improve language skills accurately and effectively, both in formal and informal contexts, and strengthen the sense of familiarity and awareness of the richness of Indonesian.

Modern teaching strategies are among the most important programs that aim to improve the performance of students in the field of physical education, which contributes to enhancing the roles of learners from negative to positive in general or in particular, so many teachers seek to motivate their students towards learning and mastering sports skills and improving them and the success of the educational process. The research aims to identify the impact of the mobile correspondent strategy in improving some basic football skills for middle school students. The researcher chose the experimental research method because it is appropriate for designing and controlling the research problem. Experimental groups with 20 students for each group, the research sample represented the students of Anbar Vocational Secondary School for Physical Education and Sports Sciences in the city of Ramadi - the fourth stage, the researcher followed a set of field procedures such as sample homogeneity and equivalence procedure to control the influencing factors, educational units were prepared with the mobile correspondent strategy for a period of (6) at a rate of one educational unit per week applied by the experimental group, and after processing the results, the researcher concluded the superiority of the mobile strategy over the traditional method followed, as it showed that the calculated (T) values ????of (2.92-5.42- 6.17) for basic skills tests and respectively the largest correspond (T) table value, but the most important recommendations were to emphasize the use of modern strategies by physical education teachers based on cooperative learning of football skills, and to provide teachers with courses and provide them with information about the mobile reporter strategy and modern strategies in the field of teaching sports skills. bstract should be self-contained, meaning there are no citations are included. It should concisely inform the reader of the manuscript’s purpose, methods, findings, and significance. The abstract should be written in relatively nontechnical language, yet clear enough for an informed reader to understand the manuscript’s contribution. The abstract contains approximately 100-200 words.

This research is an experimental research with a type of quasi-experiment with a pretest-posttest non-equivalent control group research design. This study consists of the dependent variable, namely mastery of I'rab nawhu and the independent variable, namely spinner learning media. The samples of this study were 26 students of class 8D as the control class and 25 students of class 8F as the experimental class. The instruments used are tests and documentation. The data analysis technique used is descriptive statistics and inferential analysis on the Wilcoxon test. The media chosen in this study is spinner learning media for mastery of I'rab of students in class 8F PPMI Assalam. In this study, the average pre-test score was 54% and the average post-test score rose to 78%, with an increase of 24%. However, the hypothesis test obtained a value of 0.000 which is greater than 0.05 which means H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted.
 
 

This article examines the role of literature as a medium for social criticism. Literature is not merely a collection of beautiful words; it also functions to convey emotions, ideas, and criticism regarding social issues. Literature can portray societal conditions and various issues veiled in public discourse, fostering debate, reflection, and acting as a catalyst for social change. This article specifically analyzes W.S. Rendra's poem "Orang Kepanasan" (People Overheated) as a clear example of how literature can serve as a medium for social critique.Using a descriptive qualitative approach and documentation method, this study identifies various forms of injustice, including social inequality, legal injustice, and political injustice, as represented in the poem. Rendra employs symbolism and precise language to express public dissatisfaction, even if not explicitly. The per-stanza analysis of the poem reveals sharp criticism that depicts the limited lives of the marginalized confronting luxury and power. Thus, this article affirms that literary works have a cumulative role in shaping public opinion, fostering critical thinking about surrounding circumstances, and disseminating critical ideas, even if change does not occur instantaneously.
 
 

This research analyzes phonological disorder patterns in the pronunciation of the /r/ consonant among university students with rhotacism. The study focuses on Wardah Zahra, a 20-year-old student who has experienced difficulty pronouncing the /r/ consonant since childhood. Using a descriptive qualitative approach with interview techniques and pronunciation analysis, the research reveals consistent substitution patterns where the /r/ consonant is pronounced as /l/ and /w/, particularly in medial and final word positions. Phonetic and phonemic analysis uncovers pronunciation variations that are consistent across initial, medial, and final word positions. Psychological factors such as self-confidence also influence the development of pronunciation disorders. Research findings indicate that adult rhotacism patients develop adaptive communication strategies and exhibit relatively stable pronunciation patterns. Although there are variations in disorder severity, consistency is found in phonological substitution patterns. This research provides an in-depth understanding of phonological disorder characteristics in adult rhotacism patients and can serve as a foundation for developing more effective interventions.

The purpose of this study was to find out the meaning with the semiotic approach of Roland Barthes, that is, the meaning of denotations, connotations, and myths in the lyrics of the song “Nina” by Adnan Satyanugraha Putra which comes from the music group .Feast. The method applied in the research is a descriptive qualitative method by describing the results of the research through words. The objects in this study are two: material objects in the form of song lyrics and formal objects in the form of meaning of song lyrics. Data analysis techniques in this study were performed using auditory observation techniques by observing sounds in music and data analysis by analyzing song lyrics in each stanza. The results of this study found a deep meaning about the feelings of a father who loves his daughter very much..
 
 

This research is entitled Application of Project Based Learning (PjBL) Model in Improving Writing Skills in Indonesian Language Learning with a focus on the application of project-based learning methods in improving students' writing skills. The Project Based Learning (PjBL) model is a learning approach that emphasizes the active involvement of students through real projects that are relevant to everyday life. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of the application of PjBL in improving students' writing skills in Indonesian language learning. The research method used is qualitative with a literature review approach, analyzing ten scientific articles published in the period 2022 to 2024. The results showed that the implementation of PjBL significantly improved students' writing skills, as well as encouraged the development of creativity, collaboration, and critical thinking skills. In addition, students reported increased motivation and engagement in the learning process. Nonetheless, challenges in implementing PjBL, such as the need for thorough preparation from teachers and effective time management, need to be considered. The conclusion of this study confirms that PjBL is an effective method to improve students' writing skills, and can be integrated in Indonesian language learning to create a more interesting and meaningful learning experience. The results of this research emphasize that PjBL is an effective, innovative and relevant learning method for equipping students with 21st century skills.

This paper examines the conflict between nature and humanity in Tere Liye’s novel “Hujan” using the ecocritical approach proposed by Greg Garrard. The study focuses on how human actions impact the environment and how nature responds to these actions. Employing a qualitative descriptive method, data was collected from the novel’s text and analyzed using ecocritical theory. The analysis reveals that the novel depicts various forms of pollution, habitat destruction, and the catastrophic consequences of unsustainable human exploitation of nature. 1 Pollution resulting from the use of environmentally unfriendly energy sources and harmful environmental policies emerges as the central theme. Additionally, the novel portrays the decline of wilderness areas as sources of ecosystem balance and biodiversity due to destruction. Ecological disasters, both natural and human-induced, give rise to conflicts between human needs and the carrying capacity of natural resources. By emphasizing the reciprocal relationship between humans and the environment, this study aims to raise awareness about the importance of environmental conservation through the lens of literature.

This study explores the management strategy of Sikkola Rakyat to increase student engagement in learning. Important issues related to student participation in Sikkola Rakyat are discussed, and an innovative model for an inclusive participatory management system is proposed. It is hoped that this model can make a major contribution to improving the quality of education by empowering students, strengthening community collaboration, and creating a more effective and sustainable learning atmosphere. The approach used in this study is qualitative with the Miles and Huberman model. Data collection techniques include observation and interviews. Observations were carried out directly at Sikkola Rakyat to see how education management takes place. Interviews were conducted with the Head of Education Division at Sikkola Rakyat and the Partnership Manager at Sikkola Rakyat Pusat at the Jalur Hijau learning house. The research findings indicate that Sikkola Rakyat implements student-focused learning strategies, including interactive methods, ice breaking, and giving small awards to motivate children. The decision-making process is internal but remains open to feedback from the community. Teaching methods are adjusted to the age of the child, and teaching materials are adapted according to the abilities of the students. Volunteers are trained through regular micro teaching as well as social observation and analysis stages. Although the facilities are limited, the learning atmosphere remains fun by using games, quizzes, prizes, and casual discussions. There are positive changes in children after they join Sikkola Rakyat, such as the implementation of the "3 magic words." Cooperation with the community and parents needs to be further strengthened. Overall, Sikkola Rakyat has successfully implemented participatory, responsive, and sustainable education strategies, as well as integrating learning, human resource development (volunteers), and community empowerment synergistically.

This article explores the significance found in the lyrics of the song "Paris Berantai" by Anang Ardiansyah through Paul Ricoeur's hermeneutic approach. This song is among the plethora of traditional Banjar music that not only provides enjoyable melodies but also incorporates social imagery that mirrors the values of Banjar society, including love, yearning, struggle, identity, and social dynamics. The methodology employed is qualitative descriptive with hermeneutic research methods, which involve a thorough interpretation of song lyrics as social works. This research seeks to uncover the implications within the lyrics that musically and artfully express the intricacies of local culture. The findings reveal that this song is not merely a traditional musical composition but also serves as a medium for conveying the character and intellect of Banjar society. This analysis indicates that each lyric of the song holds a philosophical significance that reflects the perspectives of the Banjar people on time, social relationships, nature, and the impact of external societies. Furthermore, this song portrays the experience of profound love and acts as a channel for conveying moral, spiritual, and social messages within a sophisticated context.

A field of linguistics called phonology investigates the sound system of language, especially how sounds function to distinguish the meaning of words. The purpose of this study is to improve our understanding of the phoneme analysis of Indonesian. As the smallest units of sound, phonemes play an important role in distinguishing the meaning of words. The study of phonology includes the perception and production of sounds, their role in distinguishing meaning, and how sounds are used to create words and sentences. Phonology also investigates sound transformations such as assimilation, dissimilation, metathesis, and elision, which have an impact on the sound structure of language. Suprasegmental elements such as intonation, stress, and pauses are also discussed because they contribute to a clearer understanding of speech. In order to learn correct pronunciation and understand how sounds change as language develops, an understanding of phonology is essential.

The progress of a country can be supported by the quality of its human resources. The use of Science and Technology (IPTEK) continues to expand along with the development of the times, thus providing implications for the development of education. The progress of technology and science are two things that greatly influence the development of a country. The use of Science and Technology (IPTEK) in education has become the main focus in improving the quality of learning and teaching effectiveness. This study aims to increase readers' insight into the importance of improving the quality of human resources by improving education in Indonesia, one of which is through the development of an education curriculum based on science and technology. This study uses qualitative research with a literature study type. The results of this study include (1) The Foundation of Science and Technology (2) The Development and Sustainability of Science and Technology (3) The Impact and Influence of Science and Technology (4) Utilization of Technology (5) Utilization of Science and Technology (6) The Role of Technology in Education (7) The Importance of Science and Technology.

In the classroom, learning outcomes are significantly impacted by the diversity of learners. Differentiated learning is a tactic that educators can employ to enhance students' learning outcomes. The purpose of this study was to enhance students' learning results in Indonesian language courses, particularly in transitive and intransitive sentence construction. Three components—visual, auditory, and kinesthetic—were used in this study's diversified learning approach. This study started with pre-cycle activities and used a two-cycle classroom action research approach. Planning, carrying out, observing, assessing, and reflecting were all done in each cycle. Based on the pre-cycle tasks, only four students (40%) completed them, while six students (60%) did not, with an average score of 65. The percentage of complete students increased to five (50%) in cycle I , whereas five (50%) of the students with an average score of 75 were not complete. There was a rise once more in cycle II, with an average score of 78, and 8 students (80%) who were complete and only 2 students (20%) who were not. The study's findings suggest that tailored instruction can enhance students' learning outcomes in Indonesian classes, particularly in class IV transitive and intransitive phrases. SDN Nglambangan 01.

The aim of this research is to determine the use of Quizizz media in increasing students' interest in learning about the characteristics of living things. This research method uses qualitative methods. The population and participants in this research were grade 3 students at MI Salafiyah 1 Kauman. The results of this research are concluded by an increase in students' interest in learning after using Quizizz as a learning medium. This can be seen from the results of questionnaires and interviews where students are happier and more enthusiastic about learning using Quizizz media. Based on the results of observations of student learning activities, there was an increase in learning, namely 75% and categorized as very good, while the results of student tests showed that out of 36 students, 32 students completed it. With these results, it can be shown that Quizizz media is indeed an effective medium for increasing students' interest in learning.

This research examines illocutionary speech acts according to Searle's theory in the short story Robohnya Surau Kami by A.A. Navis. This research aims to describe the form of illocutionary speech acts in the short story Robohnya Surau Kami by A.A. Navis, describes the contextual meaning in the short story Robohnya Surau. This research uses qualitative research with a stylistic approach. The research data used are dialogues in the form of words, phrases, clauses, and even discourse that indicates illocutionary speech acts. The source of research data is the short story Robohnya Surau Kami by A.A. Navis. The results of this research found utterances that were indicated as illocutionary speech acts in the short story Robohnya Surau Kami by A.A. Navois as many as 15 stories. Based on 15 speech data, four types of illocutionary speech acts and their forms were found, namely assertive speech acts totaling 8 utterances (stating 5 utterances, suggesting 3 utterances, and complaining 1 utterance), directive speech acts totaling 2 utterances (ordering 1 utterance and giving orders 1 utterance), expressive speech act of 1 utterance (blame 1 utterance), and declarative speech act of 3 utterances (surrender 1 utterance, decides on 1 utterance, and permits 1 utterance). The meaning of the speech is adjusted to the context of the speech. From these results, the form of assertive speech acts is most often found in the short story Robohnya Surau Kami by A.A. Navis.

????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????. ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????. ?? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ????????? ??????????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ???????.  ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? (KKM) ??? 7.2 .???????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?????????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????. ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ???? (Hangman). ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? : 1) ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? "?" ??? ???? ?? ??????????%  74? ??? ?????? ?? ??????????? ???%  93? ??????? ?? ??????????? ???%  99. 2) ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? "?"? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???%  69 ?????7,07 ,??? ?????? ?? ??????????? ???%  96 ????? 9?15 ? ?????? ?? ??????????? ??? %100 ????? 9?92.

The phenomenon of bilingualism and diglossia often occurs in societies that have more than one language, where individuals can choose a language based on the situation and the person they are talking to. This study aims to understand the perception of the use of regional languages by the Batak Toba and Mandailing ethnic groups in everyday communication. Qualitative methods were used with observation and interview techniques with students of the Geography Education Department at Medan State University. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the Batak Toba ethnic group more often uses regional languages in communication with fellow ethnic groups, both on and off campus. Meanwhile, the Mandailing ethnic group shows flexibility in language use, with a tendency to use Indonesian more often, especially in the campus environment. Keywords: Batak Toba ethnicity, communication, Language choice, Mandailing ethnicity, sociolinguistics.

This study aims to analyze the proper and correct use of Indonesian, focusing on syntactic and semantic aspects, as well as identifying language errors that are common among speakers. As the national language, Indonesian has a significant role in education, communication, and culture. However, there are still various challenges in its mastery and application, especially at the elementary school level. The method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collection techniques through observation of written documents, interviews with language experts, and literature studies. The data obtained will be analyzed using a thematic approach to identify patterns of language errors and the factors that cause them. The results show that errors in language use often occur in syntactic structures, including phrases, clauses, and sentences, as well as in semantic aspects related to understanding meaning. Most of these errors are caused by a lack of understanding of grammar rules and weak language teaching at the primary school level. This study recommends strategies to improve the quality of Indonesian language learning through the development of more effective teaching methods, which are based on the analysis of language errors. It is hoped that the findings can contribute to the improvement of students' language competence as well as to the improvement of the quality of Indonesian language learning.

The cultivation of character education values is an important aspect in the learning process at school. One of the effective and fun approaches to develop student character is through literary works, especially drama. This article aims to analyze the values of character education contained in the Sangkuriang drama and examine its potential as a learning medium in the classroom. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method with the content analysis technique of the Sangkuriang drama script. The results of the analysis show that the drama contains various character education values such as responsibility, honesty, and critical attitude. These values are conveyed through conflicts between characters and storylines that contain deep moral messages. By adapting this drama into learning activities, teachers can shape students' characters in a contextual and fun way. Therefore, Sangkuriang drama deserves to be used as an alternative learning media based on local wisdom.
 

Literature as a medium to express ideas, emotions, or social problems that occur. This study aims to reveal the representation of romance in the poem "Aku Ingin" by Sapardi Djoko Damono by examining the use of figures of speech that contain romantic values. This poem is known as a work that is simple in structure but full of deep emotional meaning. Using a descriptive qualitative approach and content analysis method, this study analyzes the text of the poem to explore the elements of romance implied through diction, metaphors, and natural symbols. The results of the analysis show that Sapardi presents the concept of love that is calm, sincere, and does not demand explicit reciprocation. The representation of romance in this poem is seen in the simplicity of expressing feelings of love that emphasizes more on proof through actions and symbols rather than direct words. The use of metaphors in this poem strengthens the subtle romantic nuances, making love a form of devotion that is full of sincerity. The poem "Aku Ingin" reflects a unique dimension of romance that is different from classical romance, which is usually full of turmoil.
 
 

Psychological assessment has an important role in supporting guidance and counseling services. Through assessment, counselors can understand the potential, needs, and problems of students objectively. This article aims to examine how assessments help counselors understand counselees and describe assessment techniques commonly used in schools. The method used is a literature study by reviewing various journals and scientific sources. The results show that assessment serves as a diagnosis, prediction, monitoring, and evaluation tool in counseling. Non-test techniques such as interviews, observations, and questionnaires are used more often because they do not require special licenses. Meanwhile, test techniques such as achievement, interest, and aptitude tests are used in a limited context. The selection of appropriate assessment techniques and their ethical and professional implementation will help counselors develop appropriate interventions. Therefore, improving counselors' competence in conducting assessments is necessary.

This article aims to explore and understand the relationship between Arabic teachers' pedagogical competence and students' interest in learning Arabic among seventh grade students at Fatimah Azzahra Magelang Islamic Junior High School. This research is expected to provide in-depth insight into how the quality of Arabic teachers' teaching can affect students' interest and engagement in the learning process. This study used a correlational quantitative approach with data collection tools in the form of a questionnaire consisting of 16 questions for each variable. The research population was all seventh grade students totaling 66 people and at the same time served as the research sample. Data analysis was carried out using the Pearson correlation test. The results showed that there were 16 indicators on each variable (X and Y), with a normal distribution value of Asymp. Sig. 0.222 which indicates that the data is normally distributed. The linearity test produces a significance value of 0.033 which means that the data has a linear relationship. While the Pearson correlation test shows a significant value of 0.021 and a correlation coefficient value of 0.263. This indicates a weak but statistically significant relationship between Arabic teachers' pedagogical competence and students' interest in learning Arabic.

Literary works are works of art written using beautiful language and words to convey the author's thoughts and ideas to the audience. The stories in the novel raise many life values ??such as religious values ??and moral values. One novel that contains religious values ??and presents an inspiring story that is appropriate to the lives of today's teenagers is the novel Tekad by Wahyudi Pratama. The aims of this research are (1) to describe Islamic family culture in the novel Tekad, and (2) the relevance of the novel Tekad as an alternative literary teaching material in SMA/MA. This research is a type of text study using a literary sociology approach. Text study is one of the methods within the scope of qualitative research. Researchers use a literary sociology approach in analyzing Islamic family culture in this novel. Literary sociology is a literary study that views works as representations of society. There are two sources of data in this research, namely the novel Tekad by Wahyudi Pratama and Indonesian language teachers. The values ??in the novel teach good behavior and etiquette such as courtesy, mutual respect and mutual cooperation. This novel can be used as an alternative teaching material for learning to listen to literature for class

Motivation is very important for improving learning. Achieving learning goals requires motivation. Motivated students will definitely improve the quality of their learning and achieve better. In the learning process, of course, there are peers and lecturers as educators. This research examines how peers and lecturers' teaching skills influence the learning motivation of Economics Education students at PGRI Wiranegara University, especially for the Class of 2021–2022. This research uses quantitative research methods. The data collection technique uses a questionnaire with a Likert scale. There were 20 students as respondents for this research. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression techniques. The results of the research show that the simultaneous influence of peers and lecturers' teaching skills on learning motivation is 43.8%. Partially, the peer variable (X1) does not influence learning motivation because the significance value is 0.400 which is greater than 0.05. Meanwhile, the lecturer's teaching skills variable (X2) significantly influences learning motivation because its value is 0.001 which is smaller than 0.05.

This research is motivated by the importance of understanding children's language development as an indicator of their cognitive and social abilities. The study aims to analyze language acquisition in a 6-year-1-month-old child through Mean Length of Utterance (MLU) measurement, focusing on phonological, morphological, and syntactic aspects. The method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques including observation, recording, and conversation transcripts. The results show that the research subject has MLU values appropriate to their age development stage. They have good phonological ability in pronouncing almost all Indonesian phonemes, morphological mastery including basic affixes usage, and syntactic ability in forming compound sentences. This study concludes that MLU is an effective measurement tool for children's language acquisition and recommends using this method for monitoring language development in preschool-aged children.

For citizens who support democracy, ethics and human rights (HAM), civic education is an important instrument to shape their character and mentality. In the era of globalization and openness of information, the value of education which places a strong emphasis on strengthening human rights (HAM) values is very important. The design of civic awareness for theoretical approaches and literature research may actively involve the formation of citizenship, as discussed in this paper. This article examines the application of incorporating human rights (HAM) ideals into civic education instruction in educational settings using a descriptive qualitative approach. Civic education is an important instrument in shaping the character and mindset of citizens who uphold democracy, ethics and human rights (HAM). The political consequences of this research include the need for curriculum renewal, institutional support, teacher training and the idea that civic learning is a process rather than a means to achieve civic and human ideals.

This study investigated the impact of the educational complexes method on developing cognitive motivation among students, specifically aiming to show improvements in the experimental group's post-test results. An experimental methodology was employed, chosen for its effectiveness in controlling independent variables and accurately measuring their influence on dependent variables. The research sample comprised 86 second-year students from the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at Al-Maaref University for the 2024-2025 academic year, selected via purposive sampling. The study focused on two crucial handball skills: dribbling and shooting. Data were collected using a cognitive motivation scale questionnaire, a skill test around a rectangular field, and a shooting accuracy test. Following pre-tests and the main experimental intervention, post-tests for skill and cognitive motivation were administered. Analysis of the data (Tables 1, 2, and 3) revealed a noticeable improvement in learning levels for both cognitive motivation and handball skills across both the experimental and control groups when comparing pre-test to post-test results. The findings conclude that the educational complexes method effectively increases students' cognitive motivation and significantly enhances the learning process for handball dribbling and shooting skills.

Psychological assessment is an important part of the guidance anc counseling process, because it provides a comprehensive picture of the condition, potencial, and needs of the client. However, behind the assessment process that apperars scientific and systematic, there is an ethical responsibility that cannot be ignored andforgotten in it’s handling, especially in maintaining the confidentiality of information and the client’s identity and ensuring that the assessment is fair and objective. In this discussion, there are two crucisl issues that are often overlooked by counselors in a daily basis, namely how to maintain the client’s trust through the protection of assessment information data, and how to avoid bias or judgment influenced by subjective factors. Through a literature study, this discussion is expected to be able to emphasizw the importance of emplementing basic principles of professsional ethics, such as informed consent, transparency of the assessment process, and restrictions on access to result that can only be approved bt authorized parties. On the other hand, this discussion also raises the challenges faced by counselors, and there are several solution approaches offered to help counselor perfomance. With a more humane approach, this discussion invites counselors not only to become reliable users of test tools, but also guardians of humanitarian values in every assessment process carried out.

Folklore is an oral cultural heritage that contains moral values and local wisdom that are important to be transmitted to the younger generation. This study aims to identify and describe the moral values in the folklore "Sultan Hadlirin and At-Taqwa Mosque Loram Kulon Kudus" contained in the book Cerita Rakyat Pesisir Timur by Mohammad Kanzunnudin. The method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques in the form of observing and taking notes and data analysis using the Miles and Huberman model (data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions). The results of the study indicate that this story contains a number of main moral values, namely responsibility, religiosity, social concern, and tolerance. This finding confirms that folklore is not only a medium of entertainment and cultural preservation, but also a means of character education that is relevant to answer the moral challenges of today's young generation. Therefore, the integration of folklore in moral education needs to be encouraged in order to strengthen cultural identity and form individuals with noble character.

One of Jalaluddin Rumi’s poems which is titled “The Guest House” is a poem that shows the richness of figurative language used by the poet from Sufi. This poem was made during the early Islamic world literature era, precisely in the 13th century. This study focused on analysis on Rumi’s brief profile, intrinsic elements such as theme and figurative languages, also extrinsic elements including historical and socio-cultural influences during the creation of the poem where in the context of this poem is the influence of the early Islamic world literature era. This research will examine how figurative languages used by Rumi like metaphors and personifications contribute to the poem’s emotional impact, and how the poem effectively engages the readers to adopt an attitude of acceptance toward life experiences and emotions. Through literature structuralism theory, this research aims to uncover Rumi's brilliance in crafting words to send deep spiritual messages and to provoke self-reflections to the readers.

In this day and age, social media has become one of the important platforms for communication, especially among young people. One of the phenomena that has emerged is the use of slang, especially from the South Jakarta area, which combines elements of Indonesian and English. This study aims to explore how this variety of slang affects the way people communicate on social media. By understanding this influence, it is hoped that we can see changes in the good and correct use of Indonesian among the use of Instagram social media.

This study aims to comprehensively examine ethics in psychological assessment withim the field of guidance and counselling. Ethics in psyshological evaluation serve as a fundamental basis to ensure services are professional, respectful and compliant with prevailing legal standards. Ethical principles such as confidentiality, objectivity, fairness, and competence are essential foundations that help clients feel comfortable and conflident in expressing their problems. Counsellor and psychologists are required to maintain the confidentiality of assessment results and avoid conflicts of interest in their duties. However, the implementation of ethical codes in psyschologis assessment still faces various challenges, including lack of understanding, limited training, and knowledge about ethics is crucial so that counsellors and psyshologists can provide superior and high-integrity psyshological assessment services. Ethics in psychological assessment not only serve to protect clients’ rights but also uphold the profession’s reputation and improve the overall quality of guidance and counselig services.

This research was motivated by evaluating the effectiveness of Pancasila education learning in the last hour, considering that at this time students often experience a decrease in concentration and energy. The aim of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of the allocation of Pancasila education learning time in the last hour on the discipline of students at SMK Negeri 2 Probolinggo. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative research with questionnaires, observation and documentation. The research samples were students of class X TPM 1, X TPM 4, . The results of the questionnaire also show that learning Pancasila Education is categorized as "effective" because Pancasila Education has basic values ??that emphasize discipline, responsibility and compliance with rules, and is able to shape students' character. Through this learning, students are not only given an understanding of the material but also how to apply Pancasila values ??in shaping student character. This subject can also be an alternative "tool" to maintain student learning discipline.

A positive school environment is essential to support individual learning and growth and create effective and productive learning experiences. Good classroom management is also crucial for creating conducive conditions, removing barriers and providing facilities that support students' development according to their social, emotional and intellectual needs. This study used a qualitative method with questionnaire and interview instruments to collect descriptive data from students and teachers. The results showed that in class XII IPA, a conducive classroom atmosphere plays a big role in supporting learning, while in class XI IPS, effective classroom management is more important to create a safe and comfortable environment. Non-academic activities, such as the JB4 program, increased student engagement and improved the school environment. Overall, the collaboration between teachers, students and school programs creates an environment that supports optimal student development.
 

This study examines illocutionary speech acts according to Austin's theory in the short story Karma Tanah by Ketut Syahruwardi Abbas. This study aims to describe the form of illocutionary speech acts in the short story Karma Tanah by Ketut Syahruwardi Abbas, to describe the contextual meaning in the short story Karma Tanah by Ketut Syahruwardi Abbas. This study uses a qualitative research type with a descriptive method. The research data used are dialogues in the form of words, phrases, clauses, and sentences that indicate illocutionary speech acts. The source of research data is the short story Karma Tanah by Ketut Syahruwardi Abbas. Data was obtained using the first technique, the researcher classified the data obtained during the reading stage, then grouped based on the form and meaning of the illocutionary speech found in the short story Karma Tanah by Ketut Syahruwardi Abbas. Furthermore, the researcher analyzed all groups of data based on the form and meaning of the illocutionary speech and finally the researcher made conclusions or described the data based on the results of the analysis. The results of this study were obtained with 17 speech data found divided into five types of illocutionary speech acts, namely assertive speech acts as many as 4 utterances, directive speech acts as many as 5 utterances, expressive speech acts as many as 3 utterances, commissive speech acts as many as 3 utterances, and declarative speech acts as many as 2 utterances. The meaning of the utterance is adjusted to the context of the utterance. From these results, the form of assertive and directive speech acts states that the most are found in the short story Karma Tanah.
 

This study aims to enable researchers to describe the types of code mixing contained in the KKN Novel (Kuliah Kerja Ngebaper) created by Nurul Vidya Utama. The researcher conducted the study using a qualitative method accompanied by a qualitative descriptive approach. Meanwhile, the method of collecting information and data used a direct method in the form of dialogue analysis in the related novel. The researcher himself acted as the data collection instrument. In addition to the data notebook, the main instrument used in this study was the researcher himself. Through the results of the analysis obtained in the KKN novel (Kuliah Kerja Ngebaper) which included the combination of elements in the form of 25 words, the combination of elements in the form of 18 phrases, the combination of elements in the form of 8 basters, the combination of elements in the form of 1 repetition, and the combination of elements in the form of 1 idiom. Knowing that there are two types of code mixing, which are external and internal code mixing. English, Japanese, Mandarin, and Arabic are classified as external code mixing. While Betawi, Sundanese, and Dawan Amanuban languages are included in languages that experience code mixing. The code-mixing order itself can be divided into three, namely adjectives, nouns, and verbs. It is hoped that in the future researchers can be an alternative reference for subsequent research in the field of sociolinguistics, especially for campus studies of literary greeting codes.

This research aims to examine the moral values ??contained in the lyrics of the song "For Women Who Are in a Hug" by Payung Teduh using a literary sociology approach. This song was chosen because the lyrics are full of meaning and describe the deep emotional relationship between the male and female characters. Through qualitative analysis, it was found that this song contains the values ??of affection and sincere love, emotional honesty, simplicity, gratitude, and respect for women. These values ??not only reflect healthy personal relationships, but also reflect the social conditions of modern society which is experiencing a crisis of emotional closeness due to the dominance of materialistic lifestyles. The results of this study show that song lyrics as part of popular literary works can be an effective medium in conveying moral and social messages in a subtle but profound manner.

This research aims to identify the use of persuasive language and language elements in food advertisements on the YouTube platform. Food advertising on digital media is an effective means of attracting consumer attention. With a qualitative descriptive approach, this research reveals various persuasion language techniques, such as the use of invitations and suggestions such as "try", "again", "really", and "interesting", which encourage the audience to try the product. In addition, repetition of sentences and use of hyperbole to highlight product advantages were found to be effective in attracting attention and increasing consumer interest. The results of this research indicate that persuasive language in food advertising plays an important role in generating interest and encouraging consumers to buy products. These findings provide insight into language-based marketing strategies that can be used to influence consumer decisions.

Sumingkir and Jadie : Tangis Tanpa Suara are two different novels that share the same theme, namely neurotic anxiety experienced by the main character. Based on this, the study used Sigmund Freud’s literary psychology approach with the comparative methods. The purpose of this study is to explain the neurotic anxiety experienced by each of the main character in the two novels. This study is qualitatively comparative descriptive. Data sources come from two novels, namely Sumingkir and Jadie : Tangis Tanpa Suara. Data is listed from dialogues and narratives depicting the neurotic anxiety of the main character. Data collection techniques are library studies with reading and recording techniques. Research data are identified, classified, analyzed, and summarized according to the problem formulation. The results of the study show that there are two similarities in the forms of neurotic anxiety in the two novels, namely (1) social neurotic anxiety. Then, (2) neurotic anxiety about losing, losing a job in Sumingkir’s and losing a loved one in Jadie’s. In addition, the form of neurotic anxiety in the two novels is different, namely anxiety for the future in Sumingkir’s. Meanwhile, worry about six years old in Jadie’s novels : Tangis Tanpa Suara.

Placement and channeling service management in guidance and counseling is a systematic approach that aims to help individuals find the right path in education, career, and social life. This concept involves several key components, including identification of counselee needs, evaluation of potential, and development of an appropriate placement plan. The method used in this research is qualitative with a type of literature study with activities that include searching, reviewing, reading books or journals relevant to the research. The main purpose of this service management is to facilitate the transition process of individuals from education to the world of work, as well as support their personal development. This involves collaboration between counselors, educational institutions, and industry to ensure that clients receive the necessary information and resources. The findings of this study are to discuss (1) Definition of placement and channeling services, (2) Forms of placement and channeling services, (3) Mechanisms of placement and channeling services, (4) Purpose of placement and channeling services, and (5) Assessment of counseling guidance in placement and channeling services. The purpose of this research is to describe and explain the management of placement and channeling services.

Education is a fundamental aspect in the formation of human personality which continues to develop over time. In Indonesia, education has gone through a long history, with various efforts made to ensure that every citizen has equal and quality access to develop their potential optimally. This research aims to analyze and examine various theories and research results on the development of the Indonesian education system. The research uses qualitative methods with a literature review type. The results of this research include (1) a historical basis that studies past developments, (2) a philosophical basis that examines basic values, (3) a psychological basis that considers individual psychological aspects, (4) a sociological basis that examines social dynamics, (5) the Tut Wuri Handayani foundation which emphasizes support and encouragement from behind, (6) the science and technology foundation which utilizes developments in science and technology, and (7) the juridical foundation which adheres to the applicable legal framework.

The aim of this research is to describe the level of needs of the main character Kinara in the novel entitled Primerose by PenieJingga02. The problem raised in this research is how the character Kinara is able to fulfill Maslow's five levels of needs and whether Kinara is able to achieve the need for self-actualization at the highest level of Maslow's needs. The method used in the research is a descriptive qualitative literary psychology approach. literary psychology approach using the study of Abraham Maslow's humanistic theory. Maslow's five levels of needs that will be analyzed in the character Kinara are the psychological needs (physiological needs), the safety needs (needs for security), the belonging and love (needs for affection), the esteem needs (self-esteem needs) , the actualitation needs (actualization needs). This research shows that the main character Kinara has not been able to actualize herself because of the five needs there are two needs that have not been fulfilled, so the character Kinara has not been able to fulfill the last need, namely self-actualization.

The issue of furu'iyah in the Islamic religion is indeed a very interesting study if we look closely, so sometimes it becomes a striking difference if it is understood one-sidedly, moreover it becomes an arena for endless debate so that sometimes we find groups that are not in line, claiming they do not follow the rules of the Islamic religion as a whole. Correct. Things like this should be straightened out by re-examining the correct legal basis so that those who practice it feel more confident in practicing it, as well as those who don't practice it and don't claim to be heretical or heretical to other groups. Likewise with the implementation of the Qunut prayer in prayer, there are differences within the Muslim community, there are some groups who perform it and also leave it out of the prayer sequence where it is sunnah to recite it. This does not happen without reason considering that there is a lot of Islamic literature that is used as a reference by each group which is indeed different from one group to another, whereas the differences in Islam as long as they do not go outside the corridors of sharia, let alone aqidah, are a blessing for the Islamic ummah itself.

This research aims to explore digital literacy learning strategies aimed at the general public, with a focus on responsible use of technology, as well as overcoming social inequalities that occur in society. Apart from that, digital literacy learning also has a role in supporting the quality of people's understanding of digital media in the era of industrial revolution 4.0 which is marked by advances in the fields of knowledge and technology which will also have an impact on the world of work. This research uses a literature review method to collect and analyze various relevant sources, including journals, books and scientific articles related to digital literacy and implementation strategies in society. It is hoped that the results of this review will provide insight into effective strategies in educating the public about digital literacy, as well as emphasizing the importance of awareness in the use of technology. Thus, this research contributes to providing a strong theoretical basis for the development of comprehensive and responsible digital literacy education programs.
 
 

The use of language is essential to human survival in all aspects of daily life. Language allows us to share our thoughts, feelings, desires, opinions, and information, among other things. Adolescents' proficiency in using proper Indonesian has started to decrease. One of the reasons Indonesian proficiency is declining among adolescents is the influence of slang. When people use Indonesian in formal settings, slang can get in the way, leading to bad grammar and spelling. Using both primary and secondary sources, this study embraces qualitative research methods and journal articles. Methods such as recording, observation, and interviews were employed to gather data. All things considered, these results point to environmental, developmental, and technological factors as the primary causes of the widespread use of slang among adolescents.

This research aims to determine (1) The form of teaching materials in folklore texts (saga) assisted by the Class X Macromedia Flash application (2) The process of developing teaching materials in folklore texts (saga) assisted by the Class on folklore texts (saga) assisted by the Class X Macromedia Flash application (4) effectiveness of teaching materials on folklore texts (saga) assisted by the Class The trial was carried out in class X MIA at MAS Miftahul Falah Diski. The object of this research is folklore text teaching material assisted by the Macromedia Flash application. The results show 1) The validity of the teaching materials developed is included in the valid category with an average value of total material validity of 88.3% from material experts and 87.5% from media experts. 2) The effectiveness of classical completeness reached 86.4%, that is, it had met the completeness criteria, namely ? 85% of students reached the KKM. 3) Student responses show interest in learning with teaching materials developed with the help of Macromedia Flash on folklore (saga) text material seen from the average student response questionnaire score in product trials of 89.20% in the interesting category.

The purpose of this study is to explore the challenges and strategies in dealing with curriculum change at the school level. We will analyze the various factors that can influence the acceptance and implementation of curriculum change. This research is motivated by the existence of curriculum change at the school level, which in its implementation is often faced with complex challenges. So it is necessary for schools to know, then analyze these challenges that are likely to arise. After that, it is necessary for schools and educators to create and carry out effective strategies to overcome these challenges. This research uses a literature study research method in which the data collected and analyzed are secondary data derived from research results such as books, articles, journals, internet sites, and others relevant to this research.  The conclusion in this study is that curriculum changes in schools bring many challenges for teachers and students. Challenges and strategies in dealing with curriculum changes in schools can be understood through the theoretical basis of change management and learning theory. Effective strategies are needed to overcome complex challenges in implementing curriculum change in schools.

 The main problem in this study is to see how far the ability of class VIII students of SMP Unismuh Makassar in determining the class of words in the text of the novel "Mekkah memoir the wound of a TKW" by Aguk Irawan MN. This study aims to describe the ability to identify word classes in the novel "Mecca memoirs the wound of a TKW" by Aguk Irawan MN Class VIII students of SMP UNISMUH Makassar. This type of research is quantitative descriptive research, the data obtained is in the form of answers which are the result of the questions contained in the test. The data obtained from the tests were processed using descriptive statistical techniques. The subjects in this study were students of class VIII which consisted of two classes, namely class VIII A which had 25 students and class VIII B which had 25 students. who obtained a score of 7 and above were (41 people (82%)), while students who obtained a score of 7 and below were (9 people (18%)). This has reached the criteria that become the standard of student ability, namely (80% or 40 students) who get a score of 7 and above.
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Gurindam Dua Belas is a monumental work by Raja Ali Haji, one of the greatest writers in Riau. Even though Gurindam Dua Belas was written about two centuries ago, the depth of its meaning, the stunning beauty of its voice and content are still relevant and can be enjoyed. Gurindam 12 contains instructions for worship so that readers remain close to Allah SWT, the duties of kings, the nature of society, the duties of parents towards children and vice versa. Children's obligations to parents, and so on. This article describes human (moral) values ??to preserve the character of a nation in the millennium era.
 

Literature in general is the creation of poets to express ideas, feelings and dreams in the process of creating beautiful strings of words or arranging strings of inappropriate words. One of the literary theories used to dissect or analyze a literary work and which will be the main focus in this article is Structural Theory. The data analysis technique in this research uses qualitative data analysis techniques. The collection techniques used are observation, reading techniques and note-taking techniques. Observation in research is a data collection method that involves direct observation of an event. This observation process can involve paying attention to elements such as plot, characters, themes, writing style, narrative structure, and other aspects that influence the reading experience and understanding of the novel Jelatik by Riki Utomi. Structuralism analysis of the novel "Jelatik" by Riki Utomi shows that this novel has strong characteristics and elements in building the story, including characters, plot, theme and setting. This makes this novel a literary work that is worthy of being enjoyed and studied further.

The research that has been carried out is entitled "Development of Anecdotal Text Teaching Materials Based on the TikTok  Application for Class This research aims to develop anecdotal text teaching materials based on the TikTok  application for class X2 students at Istiqlal Delitua Private High School. The methodology of this research is RND. The subjects in this research were class X2 students at Istiqlal Delitua Private High School. The data collection techniques are observation, documentation and tests. The assessment aspects used in this research are the appropriateness of the content of the anecdote text, the appropriateness of the structure of the anecdote text, the accuracy of words, the appropriateness of capital letter spelling and writing layout, criticism and humor. The research results show that the development of anecdotal text teaching materials based on the TikTok  application for class X2 students at Istiqlal Delitua Private High School, especially anecdotal text material. The average obtained in general is in the very good category with a score of 90% from the media expert validation results, while from the results of the material expert validation the score is in the very good category with a score of 98% and from the results of student responses the score is in the good category, with a score of 82. 7% Thus, it can be concluded that the development of anecdotal text teaching materials based on the TikTok  application for class

Social media (social media) has now become a part of the life of Indonesian people who are very phenomenal. Various kinds of advantages and conveniences are offered to interact with everyone both in terms of business even from various circles. Not only that, with the development of internet use and communication technology devices such as smartphones that are increasingly advanced, it has become one of the drivers of the growth of new networking sites that offer friends and information online. Social media has also become the backbone as a means of communication in this digital century. This study aims to determine students' perceptions about the extent of the use of social media in helping them learn English. English that is expected to be understood and learned is English in hospitality and also in advertising language. English that is expected to be understood and learned is English in hospitality and also in advertising language. This research is important to find out how students perceive the effectiveness of using social media to support their learning and understanding and creativity in the field of English for Hospitality and in compiling advertising language. A total of 50 students from the English Literature study program of Udayana University will be used as data sources in conducting this research. This research will use qualitative methods with a case study design. The use of questionnaires as well as semi-structured interviews will be carried out in collecting data. In analyzing the data will use a basic statistical model of the results of questionnaires on students. Meanwhile, the results of the interview data will be analyzed with the Flow model from Miles and Huberman.

This study aims to analyze the learning difficulties of fourth grade students on flat building material at SD 1 Gondosari, Gebog, Kudus Regency. The method used is qualitative with a case study approach. Data were obtained through questionnaires and interviews involving students and teachers as research subjects. The results showed that students' learning difficulties were influenced by internal and external factors. Internal factors include negative attitudes towards mathematics, lack of understanding of concepts, difficulties in numeracy skills, and problem-solving ability. External factors include less than optimal use of learning media and lack of attention from parents. The findings show that students' main difficulties are in understanding the concept of the formula, calculating the square area, and solving varied problems. Therefore, it is important for teachers to understand students' development and use innovative learning media and involve parents in their children's learning process.

English is an international language used by many people in various countries. The ability to use English well can open up international standard educational and employment opportunities, because all companies need employees with a certain level of English skills to reach top positions. Currently there is a phenomenon of people who like to mix Indonesian and English in everyday conversations. This happens because it is influenced by the environment, society, education and trends. People who usually speak one language and then switch to another language, either at the beginning, in the middle or at the end of their speech, are called Bilingual. This research aims to identify the most common types of code switching used by Cinta Laura when creating YouTube content with Sandiaga Uno in the Ruang Sandi Podcast on YouTube. This research uses observation techniques, especially non-participatory, and data collection is carried out by watching one of the contents of the Ruang Sandi Podcast in collaboration with Cinta Laura and only focusing on what she said. The research results show that there are 2 speech data from Tag Code Switching, 10 speech data from Intrasentential Code Switching and 8 speech data from Intersentential Code Switching. The resulting percentage is 10% Tag Code Exchange data, 50% Intrasentential Code Exchange data and 40% Intersentential Code Exchange data.

This study aims to determine the meanings of maf'ul mutlaq contained in surah Al-Ahzab, as well as knowing the wazan of each maf'ul mutlaq. the method used is a descriptive qualitative approach, with surah Al-Ahzab as primary data, and journals and relevant books as secondary data.  The result of this research found 9 maf'ul mutlaq. Of these 9, which means to strengthen the fiil (taukid) is found in 3 verses. While the other 6 verses mean to explain the type (naw'). Of the 9 maf'ul mutlaq, there are also 3 maf'ul mutlaq with ???????, 3 with ?????? – ????????,  1 with ????????,  1 with ?????????, and 1 with  ?????? – ????????.

Quality control in the garment industry plays an important role to ensure that the products produced meet high quality standards and satisfy consumers. The Acceptable Quality Level method is a promising approach for optimizing garment product control. This research focuses on the application of the Acceptable Quality Level method in managing garment quality at PT XYZ. The aim is to explore the extent to which this method can be applied efficiently in garment production by considering the existing challenges and opportunities. This study uses the "L Tunic Crinckle" tunic sample from PT XYZ as the research object. Data collection involves primary data from direct interactions and observations, as well as secondary data from related literature and journals. Raw material sampling methods are based on product defects, focusing on attribute data to assess non-compliance with specifications. With an AQL value of 2.5% and general supervision level II, this study took a sample of 125 tunics for inspection. Even though several minor and major defects were found, the total rejects did not exceed acceptance standards, so the tunic product lot could be accepted without re-inspection

Mastering a foreign language becomes a necessity in this globalization era. This is because language is a vital instrument to communicate with people thus in other words, it is called the tool to communicate. In the workplace, one of the requirements that someone must be able to fulfill is that they have to master a foreign language, or at least to understand the foreign language used in books as well as foreign products using foreign languages, especially since the global market has emerged. Therefore, , we are all indirectly required to be able to speak a foreign language in order to keep up with the development of the increasingly advanced era. The formulations of the problem in this research are: (1) How is the effect of the use of English Language KIT tools on the English learning achievement of fourth grade students at State Elementary Schools in Sumbergempol District?; (2) How is the effect of motivation of learning English on the academic achievement of fourth grade students at State Elementary Schools in Sumbergempol District?; and (3) How is the effect of utilizing the English Language KIT tools and the learning motivation as a whole on the learning achievement of English of fourth grade students at State Elementary Schools? This thesis is useful for the author to broaden the insight into the mindset, attitude, experience that is by understanding the nature of the effect of the use of English Language KIT tools and the learning motivation on the student achievement in the process of learning English, especially in elementary schools.

Banda Aceh, a coastal city located in the western most province of Indonesia, has long been known for its stunning natural beauty and vibrant cultural heritage. Situated on the northern tip of Sumatra Island, this bustling city is surrounded by the vast expanse of the Indian Ocean on one side and picturesque hills on the other. However, beneath its picturesque facade lies an alarming reality - Banda Aceh stands perilously exposed to a high risk of disaster.. With the history of disasters in Aceh which is one of the biggest disasters that has caused many casualties, education related to disaster awareness needs to be carried out. People with hearing  disabilities are one of the vulnerable groups in the event of a disaster. Education related to disaster awareness is a form of non-structural mitigation which at this time has been widely carried out both in formal education in schools and campuses and informally in the community. Efforts to increase disaster awareness through education are important, including for groups with disabilities . As a group with hearing impairments, they are at greater risk when a disaster occurs because they cannot hear warnings through sound media and the communications gap. However, with disaster awareness through education, people with disabilities are also expected to be able to carry out independent evacuations and save themselves when a disaster occurs. This research aimed to explore the effectiveness of designing disaster media education for children with disabilities in Banda Aceh, Indonesia. Recognizing the unique vulnerabilities of children with disabilities during disasters, the study focused on developing an inclusive and accessible media-based educational program. The method used in the research is qualitative research and encompassed various stages, including needs assessment, program development and implementation. Designing disaster media education for children with disabilities in Banda Aceh proved to be an effective and essential approach to bridge the education gap and enhance disaster preparedness among this marginalized group. The research outcomes emphasize the importance of inclusive and accessible education in disaster management, aiming to ensure the safety and well-being of all children, regardless of their abilities. The findings of this research contribute to the growing body of knowledge on disability-inclusive disaster education and provide a basis for future program development and policy-making in disaster management in Banda Aceh and beyond.

This research examines the cinematization of poetry on Thefadlyma's youtube channel by using a semiotic approach to analyze the signs in the videos Aku; Jatuh Hati and Selamat Jalan, Kanda. The purpose of this study is to describe how the semiotics of poetry cinematization on Thefadlyma's youtube channel and the relevance of the results of this study to poetry writing skills in the era of independent learning. The method used is descriptive qualitative, which focuses on icon, index, and symbol signs in accordance with Charles Sanders Pierce's semiotic analysis. The results show that the cinematization of poetry enriches the aesthetic experience and increases appreciation among the younger generation who are more connected to technology. In addition, this poetry cinematization is relevant in learning to write poetry, as it can be used as a medium that supports the development of students' creativity, self-expression, and writing skills. This research provides theoretical benefits by enriching semiotic literature in the context of digital poetry cinematization, as well as practical benefits for students, communities, and future researchers in understanding and applying semiotic concepts in poetry works in the digital era.
 

The main problem in this study is whether the use of flashcard media can improve letter recognition for second grade students in the Indonesian language subject at SD Inpres Malakaya, Gowa Regency. Based on the observations, several problems were found which were identified as the cause of the low recognition of letter shapes in class II students, namely the teacher still used one learning method and used less interesting media, so that learning became boring. This study aims to determine the use of flashcard media to improve letter recognition for class II students in the Indonesian language subject at SD Inpres Malakaya, Gowa Regency.This research uses Classroom Action Research (CAR) with individual learning models. CAR is carried out in two cycles where each cycle is held in three meetings with one evaluation. The subjects in this study were 25 grade II students of SD Inpres Malakaya, 15 male students and 10 female students.The data source is class II students, amounting to 25 students. CAR carried out in cycles I and II. The use of flashcard media in Indonesian subjects is proven to be able to improve the recognition of letter shapes for class II students. This can be seen from the results of the percentage of student completeness in cycle I by 24% and increased in cycle II by 92%. So it can be concluded that the use of flashcard media can improve the recognition of letter shapes for class II students of SD Inpres Malakaya, Gowa Regency.

Social media has become an integral part of Indonesian life. Platforms like Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and TikTok have revolutionized the way we communicate, consume information and do business. The impact of social media on Indonesian society is complex and varied, some positive and some negative. In Indonesia, social media has also become one of the alternatives to improve public literacy, as Indonesians prefer to read using gadgets, especially videos and interesting posts. The research method we use is qualitative, and the author understands the importance of phenomena that occur in Indonesia in relation to the impact of social media on Indonesian society, especially the advantages and disadvantages of increasing Masa literacy. The author compiled this article by analyzing various sources of information regarding the influence of social media. These are the main sources of information that the author consulted when writing this article. Furthermore, the author's environment was analyzed from the point of view of the influence of social media. The purpose of publishing this article is to inform readers that social media can be a medium to improve literacy in Indonesia. Furthermore, readers can find out Indonesia's literacy rate at the global level, which indicates that Indonesia is still among the countries with the lowest literacy rate globally.

This research aims to (1) Analyze the poetry writing ability of class X students at SMA Negeri 4 Binjai before using the blended learning model assisted by Quipper School; (2) Analyzing the poetry writing ability of class X SMA Negeri 4 Binjai students after using the blended learning model assisted by Quipper School; (3) Analyze the influence of the blended learning model assisted by Quipper School on the ability to write poetry in class X SMA Negeri 4 Binjai. The method used in this research is an experimental method with a one group pre-test post-test design research design. The population in this research is all students of class X SMA Negeri 4 Binjai, totaling 110 people and the sample in this research is students of class The data analysis technique used in this research is quantitative data by testing analysis requirements, homogeneity testing, homogeneity testing and hypothesis testing. The research results showed that the average score for students' poetry writing ability before using the blended learning model assisted by Quipper School was 57.77. The average score obtained by students after using the blended learning model assisted by Quipper School was 82.77% and was classified as good. Based on the results of the t test that was carried out, a value was obtained at a significant level of a = 0.05, the value of the t table provisions was 2.46  and the result of t = 13.06. So tcount ? ttable is 13.06 > 2.46, so ho (null hypothesis) is rejected and ha (alternative hypothesis) is accepted. Overall, it can be concluded that teaching using the blended learning model assisted by Quipper School has a positive effect on the results of the poetry writing ability of class X SMA Negeri 4 Binjai students.

This language error analysis aims to describe language errors in terms of phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics and spelling contained in descriptive texts made by X-11 students at SMAN 2 Tasikmalaya as well as providing corrections to these errors. The researcher used a descriptive analysis method by carrying out several stages in the research process, including: (1) collecting data, (2) describing the data, (3) analyzing the data, and (4) drawing conclusions. The research techniques used in this research are observation, interviews and literature studies or literature studies by conducting a review study of books, literature, notes and reports that are related to the problem being solved. The results of the analysis regarding language errors in descriptive texts made by X-11 students at SMAN 2 Tasikmalaya can be concluded that there are forms of language errors in the areas of phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics and spelling. Linguistic-morphological category errors include errors in affixation. Syntactic errors consist of errors in sentence construction. There are also semantic errors which consist of errors in the meaning of a sentence which can make the reader misinterpret the sentence. Then there are errors in the use of spelling or phonology, these spelling errors consist of spelling errors in usage and writing capital letters.

Managing work productivity is an important process in achieving organizational success. In the era of globalization and intense competition, managing work productivity is becoming increasingly important. Organizations that are able to optimize their work productivity will have a significant competitive advantage. Therefore, a good understanding of the concepts and practices of work productivity management is very important for managers and organizational leaders. This research aims to discuss the importance of managing work productivity. This research uses a qualitative method, descriptive research type. The results of the research are that private companies and those in government will always try to improve the performance of their employees or workforce to produce productivity that is in line with the company's ideals, which always increases at all times.
 

Modernity has brought quite significant changes and impacts, especially on social and economic changes. Pedicab drivers are one of the units in society that is experiencing a major impact from the modernization process, they are threatened with losing their jobs, causing the problem of not being able to meet their daily needs. This research aims to provide insight regarding the analysis of pedicab drivers in facing modernity, so that they are expected to have good knowledge regarding the social and economic changes that occur in the community of pedicab drivers at Jember stasion. This research uses qualitative research methods through a phenomenological approach. The basic theory used in this research is the functional structural theory proposed by Talcott Parson. Data collection in this research used interviews, observation, and documentation.

. Character is a value related to a person's personality, based on religious, socio-cultural, and customary norms. A strong nation is a nation of good character and personality. A character is a real portrait of a person. Everyone's character is different and becomes a good and bad picture of someone, especially the character of a student in the school environment. Character education must continue to be developed in schools and refer to the example of the leaders of school institutions or madrasahs. The head of the madrasah is an example for school residents, especially students, therefore the leadership of the head of the madrasah must be able to set an example to be emulated by educators and students. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of charismatic leadership examples to build the character of students in MTs Azzainiyyah Sukabumi Regency. The research approach uses qualitative with a descriptive type. The research instrument is the researcher himself. Data collection through interviews, observation and documentation. This research shows that charismatic leadership can shape the character of students. All efforts to increase the value of charismatic leadership will improve the character of students.

Leadership is a complex and unique phenomenon of social interaction, anyone will show leadership behavior when interacting in a format that influences others. Even in personal capacity, in the human body there is capacity or potential as a controller, which essentially facilitates a person to be able to lead himself.This research journal was conducted at SMKS Sagaranten which is located on the cigadog highway km.2 sagaranten sukabumi and produces the influence of the principal's leadership to increase the quantity of students.Leadership is often given the meaning of degree of influence, while the leader is the person who has the most potential to influence. Leaders who cannot actualize their influence do not have the character of true leadership. Then we must know how educational leadership is so the purpose of this article is to dig deeper into leadership and complete the task. Articles are made with techniques for gathering resources such as reading material and books on leadership.So that we can draw the conclusion that educational leadership as "one ability and process of influencing, guiding, coordinating and mobilizing other people who are related to the development of the science of education and the implementation of education and teaching, so that the activities carried out can be more efficient and effective in achieving educational and teaching goals.

Language is unique and universal. Unique means that every language has the same characteristics that are owned by every language in the world and universal means that it has its own characteristics that are not owned by other languages. This study aims to compare the similarities and differences in meaning found in Chinese proverbs and Indonesian proverbs that use the word "heart". Researchers used a qualitative descriptive research design. The data collection technique was carried out using documentation techniques and the data sources for this research were the X?nhuá chéngy? cídi?n dictionary and the 7700 Indonesian Proverb Dictionary. The results of this study indicate that there are 10 similar meanings in Chinese proverbs and Indonesian proverbs, such as anxiety, honesty, very close relationships and others. Besides that, there are 28 different meanings in Mandarin proverbs and Indonesian proverbs, such as not concentrating, being loyal, being wise and so on. Most describe the state, feelings, behavior and character of a person.

In the 1930s, African-American male athletes faced segregation and discrimination due to their skin color. Modern biographical films now offer a more accurate representation of their struggles and achievements. This research examines how the movie “Race” (2016) portrays Jesse Owens, a male African-American athlete from the 1930s, and its implications for present-day US race relations. Through qualitative analysis using Narrative and Non-Narrative methods, we apply Stephen Greenblatt’s New Historicism to explore the movie's depiction of Owens. By comparing the film to historical records, we find that "Race" neglects to show Owens’ dedication to sports, education, work, and the significant influence of his Irish first coach. These omissions are connected to the continued exclusion of African-Americans in contemporary American society. This study reaffirms the persistence of white supremacy beliefs and stereotypes surrounding African-American athletes, portraying them as solely focused on sports. The portrayal of Jesse Owens in the movie mirrors the current experiences of African-American male athletes, who still grapple with stereotypes and racial discrimination, even in the aftermath of President Obama’s tenure.