This study aims to describe the dynamics of school leadership at a primary school affected by limited leadership experience and health-related constraints. Using a descriptive qualitative approach and in-depth interviews with several teachers, the findings reveal that the principal adopts a situational leadership style characterized by flexible and delegative practices. The principal places significant trust in senior teachers to carry out daily operational functions and decision-making processes. While this strategy fosters teacher autonomy and ensures the continuity of school activities, it also reveals weaknesses in supervision, quality control, and the symbolic presence of leadership. The lack of direct supervision results in unclear performance evaluations and weak program coordination. The study concludes that the effectiveness of situational leadership relies heavily on the strength of interpersonal relationships among staff and the existence of supportive internal systems. It is recommended that the principal strengthen the management team and establish a more structured communication system to sustain leadership quality and educational standards.

The 21st century is marked by rapid technological developments, increasingly open global access, and increasing complexity in social life. This requires significant changes in the education system, especially in terms of the role and competence of teachers. Therefore, teachers are required to be able to adapt to the times, including in terms of the use of technology that continues to develop. In this era, teachers need to master technology well, for example by creating ICT-based learning media, utilizing learning applications, and various other forms of innovation. This study uses a qualitative research method with a descriptive approach. This article emphasizes that to face the challenges of education in the 21st century, teachers are not enough to only act as conveyors of material. Teachers must also be able to be facilitators, guides, and innovators in the teaching and learning process. With this broader role, teachers are expected to be able to improve the quality of basic education and respond to the needs of the times effectively.

The scientific approach is an approach that conveys students' understanding of knowledge and uses a scientific approach to understand the scientific approach that does not depend on direct information from the teacher, anytime, anywhere, anytime (Daryanto, 2015). Through this approach, learning is aimed at students who are centered on interactive, encouraging students to improve their thinking skills. According to Permendikbud (2013), students carry out five main activities to learn: observation, questioning, gathering information, connection and communication. When using a scientific approach, the question aspect is the most difficult aspect. Many students have low enthusiasm, curiosity, and motivation to follow the PPKN compartment. The area of ??study is considered boring and student life is lost. Low skills in critical thinking, problem solving and decision making also interfere with the learning process (Fischer et al 2012 Murawski 2012 Wang & Zheng, 2016). To answer or ask questions, students must have the ability to analyze, evaluate, integrate, and apply acquaintances.

This study aims to analyze the use of the representative documentary Jalanan produced in 2013 as a learning medium in Pancasila education subject through the Piloting a Constructive Feedback (PCF) approach for tenth-grade students at SMA Muhammadiyah 2 Paciran. A qualitative descriptive method was employed, with data collected through observation, closed and open questionnaires, and informal interviews. The results indicate that the documentary effectively facilitates students’ understanding of Pancasila values, particularly social justice, humanity, and the rights and responsibilities of citizens. The implementation of the PCF model encourages active student engagement in providing feedback, critical thinking, and reflecting on the meaning of the film both personally and socially. Student responses revealed an increase in empathy and awareness of social issues that were previously underappreciated. This study confirms that social-reality-based documentary media can serve as a contextual learning alternative relevant to the characteristics of Generation Z and Alpha, and is effective in strengthening value-based learning in Pancasila Education.

This article aims to investigate the importance of instilling Pancasila values ??in grade IV elementary school students as the main basis for children's moral development. This study was conducted using a literature review method through analysis of various articles from sources such as academic journals and Google Scholar, using the keywords "Instilling Pancasila Values ??in Elementary Schools" that are relevant to the topic discussed. Pancasila functions as the nation's philosophy of life, which builds national identity while providing guidelines for acting morally and ethically for all individuals. Therefore, Pancasila values ??must be instilled from an early age so that children can develop personalities that are in line with these values. The results of this study show that instilling Pancasila values ??has a significant impact on the formation of behavior, character, and ethics of students at the elementary school level.

The education system in Indonesia comprises a series of interconnected components and educational activities aimed at achieving national education goals. With the growing demands for educational reform, policies related to education have undergone several modifications. Every individual in the country has the right and obligation to attain a decent life; however, in reality, many are still unable to experience genuine well-being. This situation arises because the government and leaders tend to prioritize rights over fulfilling their responsibilities. The methodology employed is qualitative, The research findings indicate that the education policies implemented have not yet fully reached all segments of society, particularly vulnerable groups, despite the presence of public participation in forums such as Musrenbang. Moreover, the success of implementation largely depends on effective coordination between central and regional governments, as well as adequate socio-political support.

Indonesia is a multicultural country facing serious challenges related to intolerance, social conflict, and identity polarization. This study aims to examine the strategic role of Civic Education as a means of strengthening national insight in building a tolerant society. Using a qualitative approach through literature review methods, this research analyzes various relevant sources on education, tolerance, and nationalism. The results show that Civic Education contributes to shaping students’ democratic character, inclusiveness, and appreciation of diversity. It not only transfers civic knowledge but also instills social skills and human values. However, challenges in implementation remain, such as cognitively-centered curricula and the negative influence of digital technology. Therefore, a contextual learning approach that emphasizes real-life experiences and active student participation is needed. The findings indicate the importance of synergy between schools, families, and communities in creating a conducive environment for nurturing tolerant attitudes. The implications of this research highlight the need to revitalize Civic Education as a key medium for building a peaceful, inclusive, and civilized nation amid complex social dynamics.

Corruption is one of the biggest problems facing Indonesia. Education plays an important role in building the character of the younger generation with integrity and anti-corruption. This research aims to identify the effectiveness of anti-corruption literacy in forming a corruption-free character of the younger generation at the Darel Hikmah Islamic Boarding School, which is one way to instill anti-corruption values ??from an early age among students. Apart from that, this research also evaluates the application of a religion-based approach in tackling corrupt behavior and provides recommendations for developing similar programs in other Islamic boarding schools. The method used in this research is literature study, which involves a series of library data collection activities, reading, taking notes, and managing data objectively, systematically, analytically, and critically. The focus of this research is on The Power of Two learning model which aims to improve students' critical thinking skills at the Darel Hikmah Islamic Boarding School. The results of the research show that the anti-corruption literacy program implemented at the Darel Hikmah Pekanbaru Islamic Boarding School has proven to be quite effective in instilling the values ??of integrity and honesty in its students. However, this research also identified challenges in implementing the program that require further attention. This shows the importance of continuous evaluation and development to ensure the success of the program in achieving the expected educational goals.

This research discusses the impact of modernization on the dynamics of community culture in Indonesia and efforts to preserve cultural values ??amidst the flow of change. The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of modernization on social and cultural changes in society and to identify strategies that can be carried out to maintain the existence of local culture. The method used is a literature study with a qualitative approach, based on various scientific literature and secondary data. The results of the study indicate that modernization has positive impacts such as the development of science, changes in values ??and attitudes that are more rational, and improvements in communication technology. However, modernization also contributes to the erosion of local cultural identity, especially among the younger generation who are more influenced by global culture. This study emphasizes the importance of cultural experience and cultural knowledge as preservation strategies, as well as the active role of families, schools, and communities in instilling cultural values ??from an early age.

The results of observations and research on November 06 2023 are about students' learning motivation in learning Indonesian using pantun board media. The research method used is a descriptive quantitative method and uses nominal questionnaire data which only contains simultaneous results and facts from the truth produced by the researcher. From the results of this research, the student data obtained was 23 (twenty three) students and it was found that 3 (three) of the 23 (twenty three) students in class IV of SD Negeri 101744 Klambir Village had low motivation and interest in learning in particular learning. Indonesian language. The aim of this research is to describe students' learning motivation in learning Indonesian in class IV. The method used in this research is descriptive quantitative research. Meanwhile, data collection techniques include observation, interviews, questionnaires and documentation. This process is carried out by collecting data directly at the research location. Next, the data analysis process was carried out on a nominal scale only. This research uses source triangulation techniques. From the results of data analysis, it is known that students' learning motivation in learning Indonesian in class IV of SD Negeri 101744 Klambir Village is still low, as can be seen from the low interest of students in learning Indonesian both in class and at home, as evidenced also by the results of the assessment of the distributed questionnaire data, which shows that some class IV students got grades that were less than expected, and this was due to several factors, namely 1). Self factor 2). Environmental factors 3). Family factors. The impact of the causes of low student learning motivation internally is due to a lack of motivation in their enthusiasm for learning and externally due to 1). Teacher performance 2). Infrastructure 3). Surrounding environment.

This article aims to provide an explanation of creative methods for inclusive education, especially for students at the Sukoharjo State Special Elementary School who prioritize motor skills and the ability to interact with other people. Data was collected through interviews and observations, and qualitative methods were used to compile this article. Literature review is the basis of process analysis. The findings from this study indicate that educators have the potential to enhance the utilization of educational resources, objectives, tools, techniques, assessments, and learning atmospheres through the implementation of innovative teaching methods. Diverse instructional approaches, ranging from remedial and deductive to inductive and heuristic techniques, can be employed to accommodate elementary-level students with special needs. Collaborative learning, behavior modification, and other methods are also beneficial. Moreover, it is suggested that teachers explore alternative learning aids like puzzles to cater to the unique needs of these students.

National defense is a concept regulated in a country's legislation, which refers to the patriotic attitude of individuals and groups in the context of citizenship. This study aims to explore the application of the concept of national defense, especially in the context of Pancasila education learning among elementary school students. The research method used in this study is a qualitative method with a literature study approach as a data collection technique. The results of the study indicate that Pancasila education learning has an important role in increasing awareness of national defense among elementary school students. Seeing the low level of public understanding, especially among students, regarding the importance of national defense, prevention efforts can be made by providing education through Pancasila Education subjects. In this lesson, students will be taught about the basic values ??of national defense, so that the threat of radicalism to the younger generation can be suppressed early on starting from elementary school level. Sustainable national defense can be carried out through education, training, and socialization in schools to strengthen the foundation of the Indonesian State.

This study aims to describe the strategies used by PPKn teachers of grade VII at MTs Negeri Samarinda in fostering students' disciplined character during learning. This study uses a qualitative research type with research subjects consisting of 1 PPKn teacher of grade VII and 6 students of grade VII through the stages of observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that the development of disciplined character carried out by PPKn teachers went well where the teachers implemented various strategies, namely: Development of discipline in dressing is carried out through role models, conditioning at the beginning of learning, and giving sanctions. Development of time discipline is carried out through role models, giving tiered sanctions, and arranging activities and duration of activities in the classroom according to estimates. Development of task discipline is carried out by giving assignment deadlines, clear assignment guidelines, and feedback on student assignment results. Meanwhile, development of behavioral discipline is carried out through role models, setting behavioral rules during learning, and giving tiered sanctions. During the implementation of the above strategies, it was seen that students had shown their discipline well.

Anti-corruption education is one of the important elements in building the character and integrity of the younger generation. Given the negative impact of corruption that damages the country's social, economic, and political order, this education is an effective preventive means to avoid corrupt practices in the future. This paper aims to explore the concept of anti-corruption education, its role in shaping a generation with integrity, as well as its challenges and implementation strategies. The concept of anti-corruption education involves teaching the values of ethics, honesty, and responsibility that must be instilled from an early age. This education must be applied consistently through formal and non-formal curricula, and involve various parties, including educators, the government, and the community. The challenges faced in the implementation of anti-corruption education include a lack of understanding and awareness of the importance of this education, as well as a culture of corruption that has been internalized in various sectors of life. To overcome these challenges, it is necessary to adopt various implementation strategies, such as the use of technology and social media, as well as collaboration between educational institutions and civil society organizations. Through effective anti-corruption education, it is hoped that a young generation can be created who have integrity, are able to prevent corruption, and contribute to the development of a clean and transparent country.

This research aims to identify students with special needs (PDBK) with emotional barriers (tunalaras) in elementary schools. Tunalas is a disorder in managing emotions and behavior that has an impact on students' social interactions and learning processes. The method used in this research is descriptive quantitative, with data collection techniques through observation, interviews and documentation. The research results showed that of the 846 students, 11 students (1.30%) were identified as experiencing emotional obstacles. The main characteristics of students with hearing impairments include difficulties in controlling emotions, a tendency to act aggressively, and difficulties in building social relationships. Therefore, a more adaptive and emotional support-based learning approach is needed to help them participate more effectively in inclusive education. By understanding the characteristics of students with disabilities, schools can develop more appropriate learning strategies to improve their academic and social development.
 

This study aims to analyze the representation of Pancasila values ??in the painting Laskar Rakyat setting Siasat by Affandi. This painting is considered to have a strong philosophical meaning related to the struggle of the Indonesian people in maintaining independence. This study uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach (library research), where data is obtained from various written sources such as books, scientific journals, articles, and related documents. The data collection technique is carried out through the documentation method, while the data obtained is analyzed using content analysis techniques to identify symbols, colors, and visual elements that reflect the values ??of Pancasila. The results of the study show that the painting Laskar Rakyat setting Siasat represents the five values ??of Pancasila. The value of Belief in the One Almighty God is seen in the slogan "Once Independent, Always Independent" which reflects the belief that independence is a gift from God. The value of Just and Civilized Humanity is seen in the solidarity of the fighters without distinguishing backgrounds. The value of Indonesian Unity is realized through the togetherness of the fighters who develop a joint strategy. The value of Democracy Led by the Wisdom of Deliberation and Representation is depicted in the discussion scene among the fighters. Finally, the value of Social Justice for All Indonesian People is reflected through the painting of simple war equipment that shows the struggle of the common people in maintaining independence. This study confirms that works of art, especially Affandi's paintings, are able to be an effective medium in conveying moral messages, values ??of friendship, and the spirit of struggle.

This research is entitled "Actualization of the Content and Teachings of the Principles in Pancasila to Increase Unity and Oneness in National and State Life". This study aims to analyze the problems that arise in the process of actualizing Pancasila values, especially in the context of unity amidst social diversity. Identification of problems includes low public understanding of Pancasila, minimal participation in social activities, and social injustice that hinders harmony. This study uses a qualitative approach by collecting data through literature studies and interviews. The results of the study indicate that a shallow understanding of Pancasila often causes people to emphasize differences rather than similarities, thus increasing the potential for division. In addition, the rampant inaccurate information on social media worsens the situation. This study recommends the need to increase education and socialization regarding Pancasila, as well as the development of more inclusive policies to encourage active public participation. With this, it is hoped that Pancasila can be actualized as a guideline for life that strengthens the unity of the Indonesian nation, in accordance with the spirit of Bhinneka Tunggal Ika.

This research uses a qualitative approach to identify societal issues that affect both individuals and communities. At SMP Negeri 17 Malang City, the principal, student representatives, PPKn teachers, and a number of students served as data sources. Data collection methods included observation, interviews, and documentation. The collected data includes both primary and secondary sources. We used both formal and unstructured interviewing methods. This study's data analysis process included three steps: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion/verification. We also used triangulation methods to assess the validity of the data. Pre-field, fieldwork, involvement during data collection, and data analysis are the phases of the study process. To define Pancasila ideals and learn how to apply them using the cooperative learning model at SMP Negeri 17 Malang City, this research set out to ascertain the role that PPKn instructors play in doing so. The study's findings demonstrated that instructors have a responsibility to care for, acknowledge, and counsel pupils who lack motivation or discipline in addition to imparting knowledge. To prevent such issues, it is recommended that future research focus more on the role PPKn instructors play in boosting students' enthusiasm to study and selecting learning models that fit the infrastructure and facility requirements.

This study aims to explore the development of student character through the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project at SMA Takhasus Al Quran Wonosobo. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method, which involves data collection through interviews, observations, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of this project was carried out in two stages, namely the training stage and the work presentation stage, which effectively developed student character in accordance with Pancasila values. In the training stage, students are trained to work together and collaborate, while in the work presentation stage, they are given the opportunity to display work that reflects creativity and independence. In addition, this study also identified supporting factors such as adequate facilities and infrastructure and available budget, as well as inhibiting factors such as the lack of interest of some students in project activities. These findings indicate that the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project is an effective strategy in shaping student character at SMA Takhasus Al Quran Wonosobo, with the hope that it can make a positive contribution to the development of character education in Indonesia.

This research aims to instill and strengthen the spirit of democracy and nationalism in every student. When they have the spirit of democracy and nationalism, their love for the nation and enthusiasm for fighting for this nation will be strong and great. One effort to instill a spirit of democracy and nationalism in the next generation is by learning Pancasila and citizenship education. The type of method used in this article is a literature review. The writing of this literature review adopts national articles published on various journal provider platforms on a national scale which discuss the importance of increasing democratic values ??and nationalism in students through learning Pancasila and citizenship education. The results of the research show that increasing democratic values ??and nationalism in students through learning Pancasila and citizenship education shows a positive direction. This means that students who have received Pancasila and citizenship education material have experienced a good improvement in their democratic attitudes and nationalist feelings. This learning is implemented in Indonesia with the aim of forming students into individuals who have strong character and are based on the values ??of Pancasila, who have faith and devotion to God Almighty, have global diversity, mutual cooperation, independence, critical reasoning and creativity. Apart from that, through Pancasila and citizenship education we are present to provide in-depth understanding from teachers about the essence of Pancasila and the urgency of citizenship education.

This research aims to identify factors that influence the formation of a clean and honest personality and to instill these values from an early age to form a positive character. The method used is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), by investigating 30 journal articles published from 2020 - 2024. This research shows that strengthening the value of honesty must start from an early age through character education in families and schools, and is supported by government policies that are firmly against corrupt practices. The results of this research can be a basis for further research in this field and can help develop an understanding of the complexity of anti-corruption issues in Indonesia. Future research could focus on developing anti-corruption education strategies from an early age and evaluating the effectiveness of existing policies

Accreditation is the act of measuring the eligibility of education programs using a number of predetermined criteria. In its implementation, school accreditation uses instruments and criteria that are guided by the National Education Standards. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of accreditation assessment instruments on improving school performance. The accreditation instrument, which is based on the National Education Standards, acts as a tool for evaluation to measure the quality and eligibility of schools in organizing education. This research uses a qualitative method with a normative approach and literature study. The results show that the accreditation instrument is effective in providing a comprehensive picture of school performance, ranging from aspects of learning, management, to facilities and infrastructure. This instrument assists in determining the school's strengths and weaknesses to guide the development of a sustainable improvement strategy. This study concludes that the accreditation assessment instrument is not only an assessment tool, but also a catalyst for the development of overall school performance.

This study highlights the importance of differentiated learning in the educational context, particularly for equivalency program students. Education serves as a process for delivering culture that supports the development of attitudes and knowledge. Within the framework of the Merdeka Curriculum, teachers are expected to innovate in delivering material and instilling character values. The goal of differentiated learning is to meet the diverse needs of students, considering the unique characteristics of each individual that influence their learning styles. There are four main components of differentiated learning: differentiation of content, process, product, and learning environment. This research employs a qualitative approach using a case study method to explore the implementation of differentiated learning in writing expository texts. The findings indicate that despite challenges such as a lack of training for teachers, the application of appropriate strategies can enhance students' writing skills. This study recommends further support for teachers to effectively implement differentiated learning, creating meaningful and inclusive learning experiences for students.

This research aims to explain the cultivation of character education through making videos with the theme of love for the country. Love for one's country involves elements of loyalty, appreciation and concern for the nation. Character education, especially love of the country, needs to be implemented from an early age in a fun way, one of which is in the form of videos. This is also an answer to challenges and technological developments. Students are not only provided with theory, but practical and meaningful learning through video making projects. The results of making the video show the diversity of students in expressing their love for their country. These results show that students are able to adapt to the latest science and technology by applying various latest applications on their devices.

The use of learning media can increase enthusiasm and make it easier for students to understand the material, so that students can obtain good learning results. However, there are still teachers who rarely use media and only use textbooks and blackboards. This makes students less interested in paying attention to learning and student learning outcomes become low. The aim of this research is to determine the increase in thematic learning outcomes by using flipchart media for class III students at SDN 010 Sungai Beringin. This type of research is Classroom Action Research (PTK). This research was carried out in two cycles, where each cycle consisted of 3 meetings with 4 stages, namely, planning, implementation, observation and reflection. The subjects in this research were class teachers and class III students at SDN 010 Sungai Beringin. The data in this research was collected using observation techniques, tests, field notes and documentation. In this research, to analyze the data using the presentation formula. From the results of the analysis it can be concluded that in the pre-cycle student learning outcomes reached a percentage of 43%, including in the "fairly good" category. After implementing the use of flipchart media in cycle I, the completion percentage was 64%, which was included in the "fairly good" category. The results of observations in cycle II reached a completion percentage of 92%, including in the "Very good" category. So, student learning outcomes can be improved through the use of flipchart media for class III students at SDN 010 Sungai Beringin.

This research aims to identify patterns of social media usage, evaluate the effectiveness of social media campaigns, and explore the role of social media in voter education. This research discusses the influence of social media on public participation in the 2024 elections in Indonesia. Social media has become one of the main tools in political communication, both for candidates, political parties, and voters. This study uses a mixed-methods approach with surveys of 500 respondents from various regions in Indonesia, complemented by content analysis of political campaigns on social media platforms such as Instagram, Facebook, and TikTok. The level of voter participation who are actively engaged in online political discussions is also proven to be higher compared to those who are less active on social media. The issues found in the field include: 1. What are the social media platforms most commonly used by the public in the context of elections? 2. How is social media used to educate voters about political issues, candidates, and the electoral process? 3. What are the main challenges faced in using social media for electoral participation? The research method used is the quantitative method. This method involves the collection of data that can be measured and statistically analyzed. The research results show that social media plays a significant role in increasing political awareness among the public, especially among young voters. However, the research also found that information disseminated through social media is often unverified, which can negatively influence public opinion.

This study aims to analyze the improvement of learning outcomes of grade VIII students at SMPN 34 Medan through the application of information technology-based learning media. This study uses the Classroom Action Research (PTK) method. The techniques utilized to gather data include lzearning implementation observation sheets (teacher activities), student activity observation sheets, student response surveys, and learning outcome exams in each cycle. The data gathered were evaluated by quantitative descriptive analysis and qualitative analytical methodologies. While qualitative analysis is used to comprehend the findings of student activity observations, quantitative descriptive analysis is utilized to assess student learning outcomes. As evidenced by the average learning achievement of grade VIII students at SMPN 34 Medan, which was 56.2% in the first cycle and significantly increased to 81.86% in the second, as well as the positive increase in student activity in the learning process despite a number of challenges noted in the student activity sheet during the first cycle the study's findings suggest that the use of information technology-based media in the classroom has the potential to increase the learning interest of grade VIII students at SMPN 34 Medan.

Pancasila is the foundation of the Indonesian state, therefore Pancasila is very important in everyday life, and the existence of Pancasila can make the Indonesian nation have guiding principles for recognizing and resolving social, political, legal, cultural and other problems. The values ??that Pancasila has are good values. Therefore, the values ??of Pancasila for Indonesian people in their activities are very important, and must be instilled into the souls of every community in Indonesia. In this era of globalization, Pancasila values ??are starting to fade. This situation can be observed from the emergence of various kinds of problems arising from the non-application of the values ??of Pancasila, and if they are not immediately addressed, it is possible that the values ??of Pancasila or the meaning of Pancasila itself will disappear. This research aims to show how important it is to strengthen Pancasila values ??in the era of globalization, and the method used in this research is the interview method or what is usually called an interview.