This research have intenions to show and understand the legal principles of engagement in agreements when entering into agreements. know about the implementation of the principles of engagement, especially the principle of consensualism in realizing an engagement. The writing of this article applied through the normative legal research method where the author employs a legislative approach and a system of legal concept. The study results indicate that when making an agreement, several principles serve as the foundation of legal proceedings, guiding decisions and actions within the judicial system, as a legal basis this principle can provide an overview of the contract. Numerous guiding principles are available for reference and implementation in various contexts and situations. The principles of association include the principle of freedom of contract, the principle of good faith, the principle of pacta sunt servada, and the principle of consensualism. In implementing consensualism in a contract such as an online buying and selling agreement. Buying and selling online from the point of view of contract law in Indonesia uses Paragraph (1) of Article 18 of the Electronic Information and Transactions Law. There is also a lease agreement where the parties make an agreement. The legal basis for renting a house is explained in Government Regulation no. 44 of 1994, which guarantees legal protection for home owners or tenants. The regulation also explains that a rental agreement can be said to be valid if there is approval or permission from the owner of the dwelling. In accordance with the basic law of renting a house, there are 3 (three) clauses in the house rental agreement

The aim of this research is to determine the implementation of public service accountability and the inhibiting and supporting factors in the implementation of public service accountability in East Towuntu Village, Pasan District. The approach in this research is qualitative descriptive research. This research was chosen because it presents data systematically, factually and accurately regarding the facts in the field. The object of this research is Public Services. This research was conducted at the Towuntu Village Office as an extension of the central government and provider of services to the community. The informants in this research were all Towuntu Village officials, Pasan District. In providing services to the community, the Towuntu Village Government has demonstrated performance accountability/accountability in order to maintain community trust. This is demonstrated by the existence of a flow of accountability starting from the lowest level, namely village officials, to their leaders, namely Old Law. There are several factors that can influence the accountability/accountability process, where these factors originate from within the individual as a Village Apparatus and the environmental influence of Towuntu Village. However, as the experience of Towuntu Village officials increases, the level of understanding of the importance of performance accountability can be increased so that the process of implementing accountability can run well.

Agriculture plays a crucial role in Indonesia's economy and food security, with subsidized fertilizers being a vital component in supporting productivity and the quality of harvests. The subsidized fertilizer policy, as regulated in Minister of Agriculture Regulation No. 01 of 2024, aims to ensure the targeted distribution of fertilizers. However, issues related to distribution and the misuse of subsidized fertilizers remain significant challenges. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the subsidized fertilizer distribution policy in Jombang Regency based on Minister of Agriculture Regulation No. 01 of 2024. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, the research gathered data through interviews with informants, observations, and documentation at the Agriculture Office of Jombang Regency. The findings show that although the e-RDKK system has improved farmers' access to subsidized fertilizers, administrative barriers and distribution delays remain major issues. Uneven distribution coverage and the misallocation of fertilizers in several areas reduce the policy's effectiveness. Improvements in distribution management and stricter supervision are necessary to ensure the sustainability of the agricultural sector and food security in Jombang Regency. The distribution of subsidized fertilizers in Jombang Regency needs to be improved through more intensive education for farmers and simplification of administrative procedures.

Marriage is a sacred bond that is carried out by a woman and a man to become husband and wife. Basically every religion has its own proisions regarding marriage. In practice, especially in Indonesia, there are still many who practice interfaith marriages so that this practice has become a discussion that until now and in practice there are also many Muslims who still carry out interfaith marriages. This study aims to examine how the Islamic Law Compilation and Human Rights views the practice of interfaith marriage. The results of this study indicate that both according to the Islamic Law Compilation (KHI) and Human Rights (HAM) state that interfaith marriage is an act that is forbidden because it has violated God’s commands, every religion forbids its people to marry people of different religions. The prohibition on interfaith marriage has also been enshrined in the Marriage Law and also the Islamic Law Compilation, so that every citizen is obliged to follow the applicable legal rules. In human rights, the highest human right is divinity so that every people must obey God’s commands.
 

According to a UNESCO report, more than 80% of industrial wastewater containing hazardous substances is discharged without treatment. This research aims to understand the implementation of Permen LHK Number 6 of 2021 in the management of hazardous waste at PT Bina Guna Kimia and the role of the Semarang Regency Environmental Agency (DLH). The research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with empirical juridical methods. Data were obtained through observation, interviews, documentation, and literature studies, and validated by source triangulation and analyzed qualitatively. The results showed that PT Bina Guna Kimia has implemented Permen LHK No. 6 of 2021 well, although there are still challenges such as the lack of understanding of employees about waste classification. The B3 waste management system in this company is quite effective with strict procedures in identification, storage, transportation, recording through logbooks, and real-time monitoring through the SIMPEL application. The company also regularly conducts training and works with certified vendors. DLH Semarang Regency plays an active role through supervision, socialization, compliance audits, coaching, and education to businesses to increase environmental awareness and compliance. This study suggests that DLH and PT Bina Guna Kimia improve education and training programs, and encourage industry players to seek alternative funding for the implementation of environmentally friendly technology. In addition, collaboration between stakeholders needs to be improved to create effective and sustainable hazardous waste management.

The world has entered the era of modernization and affects increasingly sophisticated technology and information, but this has resulted in many individuals who abuse the internet as a means of committing crimes, one of which often occurs is cyberbullying  or (cyberbullying). The crime of cyberbullying  has been regulated in Law Number 19 of 2016 concerning Amendments to Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning the ITE Law and the Criminal Code (KUHP) which is elaborated to become the basis for authorized law enforcement in enforcement efforts. This research is an empirical juridic research. The location of the research in the East Nusa Tenggara regional police area, the data collection method is by interviews, documentation studies and observations. The collected data is then analyzed and then presented in a qualitative descriptive manner. The results of the research on law enforcement through 2 stages, among others, preventive efforts and repressive efforts, then inhibiting factors in law enforcement, among others, limited budget and tools for investigation and investigation so that it is difficult to find evidence if the perpetrator uses a fake account without personal data or phone number, besides that Article 74 of the Criminal Code has regulated the expiration of the complaint offense so that the victim must immediately report the crime he has experienced. As for the suggestion, it is hoped that the consistent active role of law enforcers to socialize rules and ethics in the use of social media and maximize law enforcement efforts for perpetrators of criminal acts to the court stage. The government can make a special formula related to the expiration of complaints for cyberbullying  cases in the ITE Law. It is hoped that the public will have a high legal awareness in the use of social media so as to prevent criminal acts committed through cyberspace.
 
 

This study examines the comparative analysis of customary law and positive law in the context of harmonizing public policy in Indonesia. The main objective is to explore the characteristics of each legal system and their interaction in the formulation of inclusive policies. Customary law, rooted in traditional norms, plays a significant role at the local level, while positive law focuses on formal regulations applied at the national level. Through literature review and analysis, this research identifies key aspects of both legal systems and their contributions to the harmonization of public policy. The findings indicate that the integration of customary law and positive law can strengthen fair and inclusive policies at various levels of governance.

This research aims to describe the application of law number 16 of 2019 concerning amendments to law number i of 1974 concerning marriage regarding marriage dispensations in the Tuban religious courts. This research is qualitative research with a type of field research. Data collection techniques use interviews, observation and documentation. Analysis uses data reduction. data display and drawing conclusions. checking is done by data triangulation. The results of this research are that the Tuban religious court has implemented law number 16 of 2019 after the law was passed. With steps to provide outreach to the government concerned and the community. However, requests for marriage dispensation increased to 57% after the enactment of Law No. 16 of 2019, therefore it can be said that the implementation of Law No. 16 of 2019 is still not effective.
 
 

Corruption has been a well-known problem in Indonesia for a long time. News of corruption cases often becomes a hot topic, especially in this digital age where information spreads rapidly. Unfortunately, statistics show that public reaction to corruption cases in 2024 was more permissive than in the previous year. This is undoubtedly a hindrance in realizing the vision of Indonesia Gold 2045. Therefore, as one of the efforts, a socialization on law enforcement and anti-corruption was conducted at SMA Negeri 34 Jakarta on October 15, 2024, aiming to create a young generation that is law-abiding and anti-corruption. In this activity, students were invited to understand corruption in depth, including the legal basis, the impact of corruption, and how to prevent the seeds of corruption from an early age. Using an interactive and engaging approach, as well as examples of familiar corruption cases, students not only learned about the law, but also developed an awareness of the importance of maintaining integrity in their daily lives.

This study aims to examine the implementation of Regional Regulation Number 4 of 2014 concerning the Protection and Empowerment of Farmers and Fish Farmers in Sidoarjo Regency. Focusing on Gisik Cemandi Village as the case study, this research employs a qualitative descriptive approach with Grindle’s policy implementation theory as the main analytical framework. The findings reveal that while various programs such as skill training, fuel subsidies, fishing equipment aid, and institutional strengthening have been carried out, there are still obstacles in equitable distribution, budget constraints, and continuity of the programs. Nevertheless, strong inter-agency coordination, responsiveness of the implementers, and active participation from the fishermen community contributed positively to the overall implementation. This study underscores the importance of aligning public policy with community needs to achieve sustainable development in coastal areas.

This study aims to determine the effect of supervision and work discipline on employee productivity at the Social Service Office in Ambon City. This research uses a quantitative method with a descriptive approach. Data was collected through questionnaires distributed to 35 respondents working at the Social Service Office in Ambon City. Data analysis techniques used include validity tests, reliability tests, and multiple linear regression analysis. The results indicate that supervision has a positive and significant effect on employee productivity. In addition, work discipline also significantly influences employee productivity. Therefore, it can be concluded that good supervision and a high level of work discipline can improve employee productivity at the Social Service Office in Ambon City. This study provides important implications for organizations to pay attention to effective supervision and efforts to enhance work discipline to improve employee productivity.

The sea fence in Tangerang Regency, Banten, has become a complex issue involving violations of spatial law, environmental impacts, and the rights of coastal communities. This research analyzes the social and environmental impacts of the case and examines the protection and restoration of victims' rights based on a greenvictimology perspective. Using an empirical juridical approach, data collection was conducted through interviews with fishermen and legal aid organizations, as well as secondary data from legal literature. The results showed that sea fences disrupt fishermen's activities, damage marine ecosystems, and violate regional spatial regulations. Ecological impacts include changes in ocean currents, decreased water quality, disruption of fish migration, damage to coral reefs, and coastal abrasion. Protection and restoration of victims' rights in the Pagar Laut case to date have not been fully fulfilled and realized by the responsible parties. This can be seen from the absence of concrete policies and concrete actions in the form of providing compensation or compensation to fishermen who are directly affected by the installation of the Sea Fence which hampers their access and space for fishing activities. In addition, efforts to restore the marine environment have also not been carried out optimally, especially in terms of dismantling sea fences that have not been carried out thoroughly and assistance programs from the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries have not been implemented.

This study aims to analyze the factors contributing to the success of e-government implementation through the Wargaku application as a digital-based public service innovation in the city of Surabaya. The Wargaku application is designed to facilitate the community in submitting complaints, aspirations, and service needs in a faster, more efficient, and transparent manner. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques including observation, interviews, and documentation. Analysis is conducted using an interactive model. The results of the study indicate that the success of the Wargaku application in supporting public complaint services is determined by five key factors: information and data, information technology, organizational and managerial aspects, legal and policy frameworks, and institutional or environmental factors. These five factors are interrelated in forming an effective and adaptive digital-based public service system. Although the application has achieved significant results with a complaint resolution rate above 90%, challenges remain, such as limited access for iOS users, technical system constraints, and the need to improve public digital literacy. This study recommends strengthening technological infrastructure, expanding cross-device accessibility, and enhancing user capacity as strategic steps to support the sustainability of local e-government.

This study focuses on examining the comparison between the principles of general criminal law and military law applied in the justice system, through a comparative method with a normative juridical approach used as a comparative identification process of the two legal systems which includes the process of examination, trial, sentencing and consideration of legal principles. The difference in nature between general criminal law and military law is that general criminal law (Commune delicta) which anyone can carry out, is the opposite of Military Law as a special crime (Delicta proparia) which can only be carried out by certain people, in this case by a military man. Based on a literature study to see the principles of implementing the two laws, this study aims to show how the comparison of the two systems is applied, reviewing aspects of Human Rights, Justice and Legal Certainty in the legal justice system in Indonesia.

This study aims to analyze the quality of public services at the Marusu Sub-district Office in Maros Regency. The research uses a qualitative method with data collection through interviews and observations. The informants consisted of the Sub-district Head and staff members at the sub-district office. The results show that, overall, the quality of service at the Marusu Sub-district Office demonstrates a strong commitment to meeting community needs. The services provided are perceived as good, particularly in terms of responsiveness and professionalism of the officers. However, there are several areas that need improvement, such as inadequate facilities, suboptimal infrastructure, and the need to strengthen human resources to deliver more efficient and effective services. Overall, despite some shortcomings, the quality of service at the Marusu Sub-district Office meets the service standards expected by the public, with potential for further improvement.

The current global economic situation is facing various complex challenges, including climate change, economic inequality, and technological revolution. The Keynesian theory, which emphasizes the active role of government in stabilizing the economy, remains relevant for designing adaptive and sustainable economic policies. This article discusses the development of Keynesian theory in addressing future challenges, focusing on green investment, equitable redistribution policies, and strengthening technological innovation. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative literature study with thematic analysis of national and international scientific sources. The findings indicate that the renewal of Keynesian theory should not only aim at maintaining short-term stability but also support long-term sustainability by emphasizing the synergy between fiscal policy, technological innovation, and social justice.

This study examines the concept of state finance regulation in emergency situations to address economic crises and support post-Covid-19 recovery in Indonesia. The pandemic has significantly impacted economic stability, requiring swift and effective legal responses in state finance management. This research employs a normative approach by analyzing legislation related to state finance in emergencies and fiscal policies implemented during the pandemic. The findings reveal that while a legal framework for emergency state finance management exists, its implementation often faces challenges in coordination and accountability. This study recommends strengthening regulations to be more adaptive and proactive in managing state finances during emergencies, as well as enhancing oversight to ensure the effectiveness of sustainable economic recovery. The implications of this research provide a better legal framework for the government to handle future crises.

This study aims to analyze the quality of public services at the Marusu Sub-district Office in Maros Regency. The research uses a qualitative method with data collection through interviews and observations. The informants consisted of the Sub-district Head and staff members at the sub-district office. The results show that, overall, the quality of service at the Marusu Sub-district Office demonstrates a strong commitment to meeting community needs. The services provided are perceived as good, particularly in terms of responsiveness and professionalism of the officers. However, there are several areas that need improvement, such as inadequate facilities, suboptimal infrastructure, and the need to strengthen human resources to deliver more efficient and effective services. Overall, despite some shortcomings, the quality of service at the Marusu Sub-district Office meets the service standards expected by the public, with potential for further improvement.

This study aims to analyze and describe the effectiveness of Village Fund Allocation (ADD) management, as well as the supporting and inhibiting factors in Negeri Amahusu, Nusaniwe District, Ambon City. The research employs a qualitative method with in-depth interview techniques for data collection.Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the management of Village Fund Allocation (ADD) in Negeri Amahusu is transparent, but community participation needs to be improved through more effective socialization and communication. The use of ADD aligns with the planned budget, yet challenges persist in fund disbursement and transparency in proposal acceptance. Financial administration is carried out accountably, despite encountering technical difficulties in transaction recording. The capacity of village officials still requires improvement, particularly in understanding updated regulations and financial reporting. Community participation is relatively high in village meetings and mutual cooperation activities, although material contributions remain limited. Coordination between institutions functions effectively, yet formal communication must be enhanced to ensure clearer information dissemination and greater community involvement.
 

Political economic analysis in handling economic inequality in Indonesia reveals that although the Gini Ratio shows a decline, economic inequality remains a serious issue. Inequality is seen from the uneven distribution of income, access to education, and economic opportunities. The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of political economy in handling economic inequality and to open up policies that have been implemented in Indonesia. The research method used is qualitative research with a descriptive analytical approach. The government has launched various policies such as social assistance and infrastructure development, but implementation challenges such as resources, corruption, and lack of coordination between institutions still hamper the effectiveness of these policies.

Legal protection for victims of sexual abuse of minors is very important to guarantee children's rights and provide justice for them. Sexual abuse of children is an act of violence that can have serious impacts on the psychological, social, and physical development of children. Therefore, the state, through various legal policies, plays a role in protecting children from the threat of sexual abuse. In Indonesia, various regulations have been set to provide protection, such as the Child Protection Law, which regulates children's rights to protection from sexual violence. In addition, clear legal mechanisms and psychological assistance processes are also very necessary to ensure the recovery of victims after the incident. The importance of a child-friendly justice system is also highlighted in legal protection efforts, considering that victims often feel intimidated and marginalized in the legal process. A court process that is sensitive to the psychological condition of children will help reduce further trauma for victims. Legal protection also includes imposing strict sanctions on perpetrators to provide a deterrent effect, as well as educating the public about the importance of protecting children from sexual abuse. The government and related institutions must work together to strengthen this protection system.
 

This article explores the mechanisms of supervision and legal protection within state administration. Ensuring legal protection for citizens is a vital aspect of governance in democratic nations. Laws serve as tools to regulate rights, obligations, and legal entities, enabling them to fulfill their duties and receive fair treatment. Additionally, the law functions as a protective framework for legal subjects. The legal relationship between the state and its citizens can be governed either by state administrative law or civil law, depending on the state's role and position in upholding the law. The government may act as a civil legal entity or a public official, subjecting its legal actions to either the Civil Code or state administrative law. Mechanisms for supervision and legal protection in state administration include embedded supervision, functional supervision, and external supervision. Furthermore, citizens are afforded legal protection through administrative law mechanisms such as administrative law provisions, administrative appeals, and administrative courts.

Purpose of the Study :This study aims to explore the challenges of multiculturalism in Indonesia within the context of citizenship and the recognition of local cultures. It focuses on how cultural diversity can be managed to form an inclusive national identity and address issues such as marginalization, homogenization, and ethnic conflicts. Methodology : The research employs a literature review and qualitative analysis of primary and secondary sources. Data was gathered through a review of existing literature, interviews with community leaders, and observation of public policies related to multiculturalism in Indonesia. Findings : The study reveals that marginalization of local cultures and homogenization due to globalization are major challenges. Conflicts between ethnic groups have also increased due to tensions related to cultural and economic differences. Current public policies do not fully reflect the country's cultural diversity. Conclusion : To address these challenges, it is necessary to strengthen multicultural education, preserve local cultures, and foster intercultural dialogue. Effective management of globalization's impact is also crucial to maintaining cultural diversity. With these measures, Indonesia can build an inclusive and harmonious national identity while reinforcing social cohesion.

This research is a qualitative descriptive study aimed at understanding and analyzing the performance of the Secretariat employees at the Ambon City General Election Commission (KPU) in 2024. The study was conducted at the Ambon City KPU. The data collection techniques used were observation, interviews, and documentation with a total of 10 informants who were considered directly involved in the role of the Secretariat employees’ performance in organizing the local election. The results of this study indicate that the performance of administrative services is not yet optimal or has not been implemented properly. This can be seen from the research findings regarding service standards, which include several indicators: service procedures, completion time, facilities and infrastructure, and the competence of service officers. The study concludes that improvements are needed in discipline, knowledge, skills, and expertise of the officers so that the service process can be carried out effectively.

This study aims to conduct a comparative analysis between national law and Islamic law, focusing on the principles, implementation, as well as the differences and similarities between the two in social, political, and cultural contexts. National law in Indonesia is a combination of customary law, colonial law, and modern law derived from Western legal systems, while Islamic law originates from Sharia, based on the Qur'an and Hadith. In certain areas, such as family law, civil law, and criminal law, these two legal systems exhibit distinct approaches, both philosophically and technically. The study finds that while national law emphasizes secularism and state sovereignty, Islamic law places greater emphasis on moral and divine justice. However, in the Indonesian context, both legal systems sometimes operate in parallel or undergo processes of adaptation and accommodation. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the dynamics of the interaction between national law and Islamic law, as well as how both influence the judiciary and society in general.

The aim of this research is to examine the legal certainty of deeds of sharing joint rights due to divorce related to blocked land title certificates. The type of research that will be used is normative. The research approach is carried out using the statutory approach, case approach, conceptual approach and analytical approach. Sources of legal materials used in normative legal research consist of primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. Data analysis techniques by collecting legal materials and other sources of legal materials that are relevant to the legal issues being studied. Analysis of legal materials carried out in this research is legal interpretation (interpretation) and legal construction methods, namely grammatical interpretation, systematic interpretation. Legal certainty regarding the Deed of Sharing of Joint Rights regarding divorce is based on the Civil Code, the Marriage Law and legal regulations regarding land so that the process of transferring land rights can be carried out.

East Ciputat District one of the government institutions that has the task of providing community services. In providing services, Ciputat Timur District still has several problems, namely that performance accountability is not yet optimal, the use of information technology has not been optimized to help the smooth running of services, and the pattern of training for officers is not yet oriented towards improving performance. The purpose of this research is to determine the current performance of employees in East Ciputat District, South Tangerang City. The research method used in this research is descriptive with a qualitative approach, with data collection techniques namely observation, interviews and documentation. This research is based on the theory of Employee Performance Indicators by Bernardin (2016), and found several findings that now East Ciputat District employees have experienced an increase in their performance. This is known from the quality of employee performance which satisfies community expectations, and also from employee responsiveness in resolving problems. Apart from that, employees can also responsibly complete 3 cycles of work activities, successfully achieve predetermined performance targets, as well as being disciplined in carrying out their main duties. Apart from that, the employees are agile and have good synergy in working.

Amrul Mukminin. This study aims to analyze the Effectiveness of the Advertising Tax Contribution in Increasing Local Revenue in Palembang City. This research uses qualitative methods with data observation techniques, interviews and documentation. The results showed that the advertisement tax management was an effort to increase PAD in Palembang City, to someone who was trying to be managed properly. However, there are indeed several problems where the supervision and participation of the community with illegal billboards is still happening and the implementation of regional regulations is not running properly, therefore the PAD from the advertisement tax has not been maximized. The supporting factor in this research is the availability of Palembang mayor regulation number 18 of 2011 concerning requirements, and fixed procedures for collecting advertisement tax and then Palembang City Regional Regulation Number 8 of 2004 concerning Development and Retribution for Advertising. In addition, to support the vision, mission and strategic plans of the Tax Management Agency. Two things support the effectiveness of the advertisement tax contribution. Internal and external factors inhibiting factors. Obstacles in internal factors, for example, the application of sanctions for billboards arrears who have just appeared without the knowledge of the officers, and the lack of socialization from the Regional Tax Management Agency so that the public does not know about the existence of regional regulations regarding advertisement tax. Whereas in external factors, for example, the community's low awareness of paying taxes or they tend to avoid and are dishonest in the report on the results of the installation of billboards and taxpayers who live outside the city of Palembang.

Mulya Happenny. This study aims to get an in-depth picture of the effect on improving the performance and motivation of Bappeda employees of Penukal Abab Lematang Ilir (PALI) Regency. The place that became the object of research was the Bappeda of Penukal Abab Lematang Ilir Regency which was located on Merdeka Street, Handayani Mulya Village, Talang Ubi District. The background of the problem in this study is the decline in employee performance from 2019 to 2021. Since 2020 in PALI Regency there are many echelon 2 positions. The Head of Division at Bappeda also holds the position of Head of Service in another place. So the researchers tried to examine whether there is an effect on improving the performance and motivation of employees under these conditions. The method used is a quantitative analysis method using the SPSS v 25 application. Data collection uses a Likert questionnaire. The number of samples taken was 50 employees using the saturated sample method or using the total population. Data analysis used is validity and reliability test, classical assumption test, simple linear regression analysis, and multiple linear regression as well as t-test, F test, and coefficient of determination test (Adjusted R Square). The results of the study indicate that leadership has a varied effect on increasing employee motivation and performance. Leadership in the Infrastructure Sector on improving performance with the magnitude of the influence of 25.67%, 74.5% from the Head of the Ecososbud Sector, and 26.6% from the Head of the Program. The difference in the magnitude of the effect is also shown in the employee motivation variable, namely 27.6% from the Head of the Infrastructure Division, 25.6% from the Division Head, and 30% from the Program Head. The simultaneous influence shows that leadership will affect performance improvement by 90% and 33.4% effect on employee motivation. From the results of the study, it can be suggested to the leadership to improve the quality of good leadership and make improvements in terms of coordination and communication with subordinates.

This legal research aims to examine the provisions of criteria/circumstances that are casuistic in the termination of prosecution based on restorative justice. Prosecutor's Regulation Number 15 of 2020 concerning the Termination of Prosecution Based on Restorative Justice mentions the provisions of a quo in Article 5 Paragraph (2) and Article 5 Paragraph (5). The a quo provision in the regulation does not have clear indicators so it is prone to multiple interpretations. The research method used is normative juridical by examining literature materials or secondary data. There are two approaches, namely the legislative approach and the case approach. Data collection techniques are also used interview techniques in the form of questions and answers with the Public Prosecutor of the District Attorney's Office to obtain information that supports this research. The results of the study show that there are no clear indicators of criteria/circumstances of a casuistic nature in the termination of prosecution based on restorative justice has implications for the results of the public prosecutor's decision to consider the application for Restorative Justice. The absence of explanation of the provision was returned to the consideration of the public prosecutor with discretionary authority.
 

Pancasila, aspthe foundation ofpthe Indonesianpstate, serves as thepultimate source ofpall sources ofplaw in the country. Although often a topic of daily discussion, Pancasila does notpseem to be explicitly mentioned in the Indonesian constitution. Therefore, this article aims to examine thepposition of Pancasila aspthe foundation of allpsources ofplaw, as well as formulatepsteps forpits application in buildingptheprule ofplaw in Indonesia. Thepresearch method appliedpin this article ispa literaturepstudy approach, usingpdata and referencespfrom various sources suchpas scientific journals,pe-books,particles, and relevantpmagazines. The purpose ofpthis writing ispto explorepmore deeply the conceptpof Pancasila aspthe basispof the entire framework of legislation in the Indonesian legal state, explain how Pancasilapis applied aspthe mainpsource ofplaw in the process of forming apstate ofplaw inpIndonesia, so that it can be understood the positionpof Pancasila aspthe foundation ofpall laws andpregulations, andphow it is applied as the main source ofplaw.

Elections serve as a crucial pillar of democracy, allowing citizens to participate in the selection of leaders and shaping national policies. In Indonesia, the General Election Commission (KPU) is responsible for organizing elections, ensuring that the process is transparent, fair, and accountable. Understanding public perceptions of the KPU's performance is vital for evaluating the success and legitimacy of the democratic process, particularly in regions like Benowo District, Surabaya, which reflects the broader dynamics of local democracy. This study employs a qualitative methodology to explore and interpret the views and experiences of the public regarding the KPU's performance in the 2024 Election. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews with community leaders and direct observation of the election process. The qualitative approach allows for a comprehensive analysis of the complex and nuanced perceptions held by the community. The findings reveal that the public in Benowo District generally holds a positive perception of the KPU's performance, appreciating the orderliness, transparency, and efficiency of the electoral process. However, challenges such as logistics management were identified, indicating areas where the KPU can improve in future elections. These insights are crucial for enhancing the quality of electoral administration and strengthening the democratic process in Indonesia.

The use of fossil energy in the maritime industry has become a major source of carbon emissions and vulnerability to fuel price fluctuations. In an effort to overcome these challenges and move towards a more sustainable future, the use of solar energy has emerged as a significant potential solution. Batam City, with its strategic location and rapidly growing maritime interests, has great potential to adopt solar energy in its maritime operations. This study aims to investigate the potential and challenges of developing solar-based sustainable electrical energy in the maritime sector in Batam City. We identify the most suitable locations for solar panel installations, explore efficient energy storage technologies, and analyze reliable maritime grid system integration. Additionally, we discuss personnel training and environmental awareness efforts necessary to support this transition. This study also reviews the role of policy and regulation in encouraging investment in solar energy and encouraging collaboration with relevant stakeholders. The research results show that the use of solar energy in maritime governance in Batam City can reduce carbon emissions, increase energy security and reduce operational costs in the long term. This study provides valuable insights for decision making and strategic planning for local governments, industry players and academic institutions interested in realizing sustainable and future-oriented maritime governance.
 
 

UMKM in Jarin Village, Pamekasan Regency face various challenges in developing their businesses. One of the challenges faced is the suboptimal protection and development of their businesses, many of which do not yet have a NIB or even a PIRT. The investigative approach employed is a type of empirical legal inquiry utilizing a field study methodology (Field Research). Data gathering for this investigation involved various techniques such as interviews, observations, and literature reviews. The study's location is situated in Jarin Village, within the Pademawu District of Pamekasan Regency. The data analysis technique applied in this research is descriptive-qualitative. Findings from the study during the MBKM KKNT indicated that the UMKM present in Jarin Village, Pademawu District, Pamekasan Regency are limited in number, only a handful. Among these is an UMKM focused on the Krupuk Opak and Jagung Goreng venture, which maintains a marketing scope that remains at the regional tier. Furthermore, business operators have yet to secure a PIRT certificate, despite the fact that legally, those in the food or snack industry are mandated to acquire PIRT in accordance with the Food and Drug Supervisory Agency Regulation Number 4 of 2024 related to Guidelines for Issuing Certificates of Commitment Fulfillment for Home-Processed Food Production, therefore KKNT participants provide assistance to the Pamekasan Regency Health Office for the issuance of PIRT. It is proven that after obtaining a P-IRT permit, the product marketing network has increased and sales have increased and the legality of the business is strong.
 

The purpose of this study was to find out about the factors that cause disputes in South Bolaang Mongondow. The type of research used by researchers in preparing this study is the type of sociological juridical law research by taking an approach based on norms or legal regulations to study the process of working or interacting with law in society. The results of this study indicate that the factor causing the dispute in South Bolaang Mongondow, from the way it is done does not get a meeting point between the parties to the dispute. So much so that the unfinished permaslahan caused a dispute between the family and the village government. The impact of the dispute to the existing community so as to create conflict between the surrounding communities between the people of Hamlet 1 and Hamlet 3, until now.

The aim of writing this journal is for readers to see more about the perspective of criminaI law in dealing with the specifics of same-sex relationships in Indonesia. The research was carried out using normative legal methods so that it is necessary to criminalize or expand criminal regulations for deviant acts committed by the LGBT community in reforming criminal law. The study results show that same-sex relationships are considered to violate norms in Indonesian society. Many people are uncomfortable with the presence of LGBT in their environment, which makes people question how the law in Indonesia handles cases of same-sex relationships. Meanwhile, same-sex relations carried out by LGBT people are not yet regulated as a criminal offense according to Indonesian criminal law, the regulation is still very limited because it only regulates same-sex sexual relations committed by adults with minors.
 
 
 

This writing has the aim of knowing the Procedures and Requirements to receive a certificate of competence in the preparation of environmental impact analysis. This is very useful, because it will provide illustrations to other people and legal entities who want to be completed if they want to have a certificate of competence in compiling an analysis of environmental impacts. With the explanation of the mechanism and requirements, therefore a person or legal entity can prepare an analysis of environmental impacts by obtaining a certificate of competence for compiling an analysis of environmental impacts. The main objective of the Environmental Impact Analysis is to ensure that business and development activities can run continuously without destroying and damaging the environment, so in another sense, business or appropriate actions from the perspective of environmental aspects.

Orderly and disciplined work and service is everyone's dream, including village officials, of good and correct service.  This article is the result of a literature and empirical study adapted to developments in employee disciplinary law. The purpose of this writing is simply to provide an overview of information about the legal discipline of government agencies in carrying out their duties and responsibilities to improve performance in services to the community. This research uses a literature review and empirical study approach. Discipline of Wanggarsari village officials to improve performance in accordance with Law Number 9 of 2015 as a result of amendments to Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning regional government and Law No. 30 of 2014 concerning Government Administration has not been implemented optimally, because work is not disciplined, not in accordance with the accuracy of completing tasks and so on, so that performance improvements have not been achieved according to expectations, both community expectations and the expectations of the law. The performance of Wanggarsari village officials will improve if Wanggarsari village officials in Wanggar District are aware of and practice work discipline continuously in accordance with applicable laws and regulations.

This study analyzes the position and function of village community institutions in Buar Village, North Rahong District, Manggarai Regency based on Permendagri No. 18 of 2018. The method used in this study is an empirical judiciary method using primary data and secondary data.  Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 23 of 2014 (Law No.23 of 2014) concerning Regional Government states that in the village a community institution can be established stipulated by Village Regulations guided by Laws and Regulations. In the general explanation of the Law, it is explained that in order to realize democratization and transparency of development at the community level and to encourage, motivate, and create access so that the community plays a more active role in development activities as well as assisting the village government in managing development and community empowerment, it is necessary to establish community institutions in the village. The formulation of the problem in this study is: (1) What is the position of Village Community institutions in Buar Village, North Rahong District, Manggarai Regency Based on the Regulation of the Minister of Home Affairs Number 18 of 2018?, and (2) Factors Hindering the Implementation of the Authority of the Position of Village Community Institutions in Buar Village, North Rahong District, Manggarai Regency Based on the Regulation of the Minister of Home Affairs Number 18 of 2018?. From the results of the research, the author concludes that  the function of community institutions in the implementation of development in Buar Village, North Rahong District, Manggarai Regency has not been maximized in accordance with the Regulation of the Minister of Home Affairs Number 18 of 2018. Some of the functions that have not been implemented include the preparation of development plans in a participatory manner, the shelter and distribution of community aspirations, and the increase of community participation in development. Factors inhibiting the implementation of the authority of Village Community institutions include lack of resources, limited knowledge and skills of village institution members, dependence on the central or regional government, corruption and nepotism practices, internal conflicts, and leadership instability.

Emerging global competition in the industry of health is possible for patients from the country more proceed On do journey to a country to develop by getting maintenance quality medical _ tall And with affordable prices. _  Medical Tourism as part of Strategy Marketing House Sick in the Tourism Area. Writing This explains Medical Tourism and strategy marketing hospital in Indonesia. Study  This aim is to analyze the readiness of House Sick, government, and travel agency tours in service tour medical. House Sick as a business private use various strategy For interesting more Lots patient or customers, like creating room therapy in a hybrid hotel (home-designed pain _ For comfort patient international ). House Sick Also compile strategy marketing For direct patient And customer as well as identify three strategies the is with connect to patient potential through a visit to the country origin, employ intermediary journey medical And compile 'medical check-up' package for person healthy.

This research aims (1) to find out the regulation of the authority of the Sabu Raijua Regency Government in dealing with drought, and (2) to find out the government's efforts in dealing with drought in Sabu Raijua Regency. and (3) to find out the factors that hinder government efforts in dealing with drought in Sabu Liae District, Sabu Raijua Regency. This research uses a normative juridical approach and is supported by empiricial juridicial research. Data collection techniques in this study are interview data collection, and literature study, and analyzing data descriptively and perspectively. The results of the study indicate that (1) Sabu Raijua Regency has the authority to set policies according to its territory, so it is necessary to set policies in dealing with drought, the policies needed to deal with drought include various elements that can help better manage water resources and reduce the impact of drought so that there is no clean water crisis, in this case it must include various initiatives and actions, depending on local conditions and problems faced.  (2) Efforts made by the government in dealing with drought in Sabu Raijua Regency include: reforestation programs, extension programs, reservoir construction programs, and clean water distribution programs. (3) Factors that hinder government efforts in dealing with drought in Sabu Liae District, Sabu Raijua Regency include several factors, namely community legal awareness, cost factors, and facility factors. Based on the results of the research, it is hoped that the Sabu Raijua Regency government can be more reactive and proactive in making policies governing water resources by making local regulations on water resources in mitigating and adapting to climate change, including soil and water conservation programs.