Protection of children's rights in the Indonesian legal sistem has received serious attention with the enactment of Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice Sistem (UU SPPA). This law emphasizes that imposing sanctions on children is not the primary goal, but rather a means to achieve child welfare through a restorative justice approach. The SPPA Law regulates two channels for resolving cases: formal justice and diversion. Diversion is a process for resolving children's cases outside the court system, aiming to prevent children from experiencing formal justice processes that have the potential to have long-term negative impacts on their psychological and social development. This study focuses on the implementation of diversion efforts during the investigation stage within the jurisdiction of the Madiun City Police. The method used in this study is an empirical method, namely by examining the implementation of the law in social realities in the field through observation and interviews with relevant parties. The results of the study indicate that the Madiun City Police have implemented diversion efforts quite well and in accordance with the provisions of the SPPA Law. The implementation of diversion is carried out by considering the principles of restorative justice and involving various parties, including child perpetrators, victims, families, and the police. However, several obstacles to implementing diversion exist, including a lack of public understanding of the concept and benefits of diversion, and frequent debates between perpetrators and victims, particularly regarding compensation issues within diversion forums. Therefore, increased public outreach and legal education, as well as stronger coordination between the institutions involved, are needed to optimally achieve the primary goals of the juvenile criminal justice system.

Marriage is a sacred agreement in human life, although some marriages also fail and end in divorce. However, this divorce does not only stop at the end of the relationship between the two parties. But more than that, the problem of separation of joint property also often becomes a new problem after divorce. This study then aimed to review the implementation of divorce and division of property arising from marriage according to Law Number 16 of 2019 concerning Amendments to Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage. The research method used is normative, with a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The results of the study showed that the legal basis for joint property is contained in Chapter VII Article 35 to Article 37 of Law Number 16 of 2019 concerning Amendments to Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage. Based on this law, the path to division of joint property is divided through several mechanisms, namely based on religious law, based on customary law, and based on other laws. Compared to Law Number 1 of 1974, Law Number 16 of 2019 provides more detailed and modern regulations regarding joint property compared to previous provisions. Overall, according to Law Number 16 of 2019, the authority to settle the division of joint property arising from marriage involves the court in deciding fairly based on applicable law. The court has the responsibility to ensure that the division of property is carried out with the principle of justice, taking into account the contribution of each party and their needs and economic circumstances. In the case of mediation or agreements outside the court, the court still has the authority to assess and ensure that the decisions taken are in accordance with applicable legal provisions.
 

Economic neglect of children is a condition where a child does not receive sufficient basic needs fulfillment from parents or caregivers, either intentionally or due to inability. This research aims to examine and analyze the mechanisms and barriers in providing legal protection for economically neglected children in Sukabumi District. This study employs normative legal research with data sources consisting of interviews, observations, and literature studies. The method used to process and analyze the data is qualitative analysis, conducted at the Integrated Service Center for Women and Children Empowerment (P2TP2A) in Sukabumi District. According to the research findings, the forms of legal protection provided include supervision, prevention, care, and rehabilitation. The barriers in providing legal protection for economically neglected children include funding issues, lack of understanding of procedures among personnel, reluctance of society to report cases, absence of clear Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), overlapping roles and responsibilities, and lack of empathy.

This research aims to explain the management control of public street lighting (PJU) in Tanjungpinang City. PJU is an important element in creating safety and comfort for the community in economic, social and traffic activities. However, not all areas in Tanjungpinang have been covered by PJU facilities, and many PJUs are damaged. This research uses the control theory by T. Hani Handoko (2010) which consists of 1) Feedforward control, 2) Concurrent control, and 3) Feedback control. The research method used is qualitative with data collection techniques of observation, interview, and documentation. The results showed that PJU management control in Tanjungpinang City was not optimal. In feedforward control, there are obstacles such as the lack of community participation in PJU development planning. In concurrent control, coordination between the community, the Housing, Settlement Areas, Cleanliness and Parks Office, consultants, PLN, and contractors has not been optimal. While in feedback control, the lack of community participation in reporting damage and maintenance of PJU is only done based on reports or surveys with priority on protocol roads. Routine supervision is limited due to limited human resources, and response to public complaints is slow. This study concludes that the improvement of PJU management requires good planning and active community participation.

This study aims to examine the regulatory framework concerning Government Employees with Work Agreements (PPPK), particularly in Functional Expert Positions in Indonesia and to identify how the policy implementation of PPPK in Functional Expert Positions is carried out at the Constitutional Court. The research employs an empirical method with a qualitative approach. The types of data used include both primary and secondary data: primary data was obtained through field interviews, while secondary data consists of documents, information, books, and facts sourced from official records and legislation. The findings of this study indicate that the implementation of policies related to Functional Expert Positions at the Constitutional Court still faces regulatory inconsistencies, especially in the selection mechanism, which does not fully adhere to the established rules. Additionally, competency development for PPPK employees is not supported by systematic planning, which risks creating skill gaps. This situation may lead to uncertainty in career progression and reflects that the management of PPPK still encounters several fundamental challenges in its implementation.
 

This research aims to analyze legal protection for village people in the village government context in Indonesia. As a government entity that is located in the country on the frontline of the regional autonomy, village has a strategic role in ensuring its fulfillment hak-hakwarga which includes the right to atas public action, paparticipants in the decision-making process, as well as hakatas sustainable development of millions of people. This research uses a normative juridical approach by analyzing the laws and regulations in force, including Law No. 6 of 2014 concerning Villages, andvarious other related regulations. The results of the research show that even though it's a monkey the law that ang adahas provided protection for the village community, there are still gaps in the village lam perpetratornanannya which requires more attention, especially associated withan increase intankapasitasaparavillage tour andnobservationwasan by the governmenthanderah. This research concludes that increasing the effectiveness of legal protection for rural areas requires antarasynergy governmenth village, governmenthdaerah, andnmasyarakat itself.
 
 

Land law politics in Indonesia plays a crucial role in realizing social justice and sustainable development through fair and sustainable management of agrarian resources. The primary legal foundation governing land matters is Law No. 5 of 1960 on Basic Agrarian Principles (UU Pokok Agraria), which asserts that all land, water, and air spaces are controlled by the state and utilized to the greatest extent for the welfare of the people. However, the implementation of land law politics faces significant challenges, including disparities in land distribution, agrarian conflicts, and misalignment between central and regional policies. Policy changes, such as the introduction of Land Management Rights and Land Banks through the Omnibus Law, add complexity and raise questions about their alignment with UU Pokok Agraria's fundamental principles. Resolving land disputes also becomes a critical issue, necessitating effective and inclusive legal mechanisms. Therefore, comprehensive reform in land law politics is required, encompassing regulatory harmonization, consistent law enforcement, and active public participation, to ensure fair and sustainable land management for the welfare of the people.

The amendment to the 1945 Constitution is an important milestone in the history of the Indonesian constitution that aims to improve the system of government and maintain the balance of power between the executive and legislative. This study aims to analyze the policy of limiting executive and legislative powers implemented through the amendment to the 1945 Constitution, and its implications for the system of government in Indonesia. The research method used is normative research with a qualitative approach, through literature studies and analysis of constitutional documents and relevant laws and regulations. Data were obtained from various sources, including the text of the 1945 Constitution before and after the amendment, academic literature, and the results of interviews with constitutional law experts. The results of the study indicate that the amendment to the 1945 Constitution has brought significant changes in the limitation of executive and legislative powers. Among them, the amendment introduced a stronger checks and balances mechanism, clarified the functions and authorities of each state institution, and set limits on the presidential term of office to prevent absolute power.
 
 

This study looks at the legal ramifications of changing the Republic of Indonesia's 1945 Constitution's articles pertaining to citizenship (UUD 1945). The complexity of citizenship issues has increased with globalization, especially when it comes to dual citizenship and the rights of Indonesians residing outside. This study is classified as doctrinal research since it examines legal sources to determine legal principles. The study finds that amendments to the UUD 1945 are necessary to better align Indonesia's citizenship policies with global developments. However, these changes must be carefully considered to protect human rights and maintain national loyalty and identity. Reforming Indonesia's citizenship laws should be done thoughtfully, with input from various stakeholders, to ensure the resulting policies are inclusive and adaptable to the current global context. This research aims to contribute significantly to the development of Indonesia's citizenship policies and to offer a foundation for policymakers in crafting regulations that are more responsive to global challenges.

The making of authentic deeds by a notary is part of the legal service that has the highest evidentiary value in the Indonesian civil law system. One of the formal requirements of an authentic deed according to Law Number 2 of 2014 concerning Amendments to Law Number 30 of 2004 concerning the Position of Notary (UUJN) is the presence of two witnesses who know and directly witness the process of signing the deed. In notarial practice, notary staff are often appointed as witnesses for reasons of administrative convenience, trust, and availability of time. This study aims to examine the legal position and role of notary staff as witnesses in authentic deeds and the form of legal protection available if the deed is legally disputed. The research method used is normative legal with a statutory and conceptual approach, supported by literature studies and analysis of related court decisions. The results of the study indicate that notary staff are legally valid as witnesses as long as they meet the requirements as competent witnesses according to law. However, if a dispute arises over the deed, the staff can be asked for information as a witness in court and has the potential to face legal pressure. Therefore, legal protection for notary staff includes the principle of good faith, legal protection for witnesses, the right to legal assistance, and the ethical responsibility of notaries as employers. In conclusion, there needs to be more explicit regulations regarding the role of staff in deeds and clear protection mechanisms to maintain professionalism, integrity, and legal certainty in notarial practice.

The Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) has a very important role in providing religious and social guidance for Muslims in Indonesia. The history of the MUI began in 1975, with the aim of strengthening the unity of Muslims and issuing fatwas in accordance with Islamic teachings. Over time, the MUI has developed into a very influential institution in determining religious policies in Indonesia. One of the main commissions in the MUI is the Fatwa Commission, which is tasked with issuing fatwas related to current religious issues, especially in facing the challenges of the times and social problems that continue to develop. This study aims to explore the urgency of the role of the MUI Fatwa Commission in issuing fatwas that are in accordance with the needs of the Indonesian people. In addition, this study also discusses the istinbath method applied by the MUI Fatwa Commission in issuing fatwas, as well as its application to contemporary issues. This istinbath method refers to the process of deriving law from the main sources of Islam, such as the Qur'an, Hadith, Ijma', and Qiyas, taking into account the existing social context and dynamics. The results of the study show that the MUI Fatwa Commission has a very great urgency in responding to various problems of Muslims, especially those related to modern issues such as sharia economics, technology, and health issues. Through the istinbath method, the MUI has succeeded in providing fatwas that are not only based on classical texts, but are also relevant to current developments. For example, in the matter of sharia economics, the MUI has issued a fatwa that supports the sharia financial system while still paying attention to the applicable fiqh rules.

This research examines North Korea's violation of the principle of good faith under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) and its legal consequences. The main issue addressed in this study is North Korea’s breach of the good faith principle within the framework of the NPT, which raises legal implications regarding its status and obligations as a party to the treaty. Although North Korea was formally bound by the NPT, it secretly developed a nuclear weapons program, demonstrating non-compliance with the fundamental principle of international treaty implementation. This issue was further exacerbated by its refusal to allow inspections by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and its unilateral withdrawal from the NPT, which has sparked debate over the legitimacy and legality of such action.Using a normative juridical approach, this study analyzes North Korea’s clandestine development of nuclear weapons while still a member of the NPT, as well as the validity of its withdrawal from the treaty. The findings show that North Korea violated the principle of good faith through its secret nuclear program, refusal of IAEA inspections, and withdrawal that did not meet the requirements of Article X of the NPT. The withdrawal may be deemed invalid as it was conducted in bad faith and without fulfilling the treaty's formal provisions. The legal consequences include the continued applicability of obligations under the NPT and state responsibility for breaches of international law. Ideal forms of accountability include the cessation of the nuclear program, payment of reparations, guarantees of non-repetition, and renewed compliance with NPT provisions through verifiable denuclearization.

This article discusses a theoretical study of impoverishment punishment for corrupt perpetrators. Corruption is considered a planned crime that has a negative impact on the state and society and requires decisive action to eradicate it. This survey revealed that the majority of students think that impoverishment punishment, which is expected to have a deterrent effect compared to prison sentences, can be an effective preventive effort in eradicating corruption. The students also emphasized the importance of returning assets to the state to compensate for losses due to corruption. The view of the death penalty for corruption perpetrators is now considered irrelevant, because the focus is on recovery economy and justice. This study shows that a stricter and more systematic approach is needed in eradicating corruption, including stricter regulations, proper asset management, and educating the public about the negative impacts of corruption. Thus, this article presents an understanding of sharing perspectives. The younger generation can help create more effective anti-corruption policies in Indonesia.

This study aims to find out and analyze the legal protection for consumers against the circulation of children's syrup drugs that cause acute kidney failure in BPOM Kupang City. This study is an empirical legal research that is analyzed in a qualitative descriptive manner using primary data and secondary data obtained from interviews and literature studies. The results of this study show (1) legal protection for consumers over the circulation of children's syrup drugs, which causes acute kidney failure which is known that consumer protection in Indonesia currently according to researchers is still not running well. (2) the responsibility of the Food and Drug Supervisory Agency in providing protection for children's syrup drugs that cause acute kidney failure which is known to indicate that BPOM's task of supervising drugs is not effective because there are still many cases of dangerous circulation of children's syrup drugs.

This article discusses the development of an internal control system as an effort to overcome the risk of fraud in the company. Through in-depth analysis of existing policies, procedures and practices, this research identifies key elements that can strengthen organizational integrity. Using a case study approach, this article shows how implementing effective controls, employee training, and reporting mechanisms can increase transparency and accountability. The results of this research conclude that a comprehensive internal control system not only reduces the risk of corruption, but also encourages an ethical culture in the work environment, thereby supporting the company's sustainability and reputation.

The discontinuity of regulations concerning health workers in health law legislation poses a challenge for the application of the principle of legal certainty in Indonesia. The principle of legal certainty is an essential foundation in the legal system that guarantees the rights and obligations of health workers and the community. However, there is a gap between the regulations for health workers and the principle of legal certainty, which impacts the clarity of the legal status, rights, and obligations of health workers. This research aims to examine the discontinuity between health workers' laws and the application of the principle of legal certainty, as well as the impact arising from this inconsistency. Additionally, this research identifies efforts that can be made to align labor regulation and health worker regulations with the principle of legal certainty. Using normative legal research methods through legislative and conceptual approaches, this study finds that regulatory harmonization is necessary to strengthen legal certainty in health worker regulation in Indonesia.

The validation of marriage is an examination of the bond between a man and a woman as life partners that has been carried out in accordance with the teachings of Islam, and the fulfillment of the elements and requirements for the validity of the marriage bond, but has not yet been registered with the relevant authorities. This study focuses on the analysis of the Surabaya Religious Court decision number 2540/Pdt.P2024/PA.Sby. This paper discusses the legal basis and requirements for the validation of marriage that were considered by the judge in making the decision to validate the marriage.