This study aims to analyze the use of affixation in the song lyrics For the Rest of My Life by Maher Zain. The focus is on identifying the types of affixes—particularly prefixes and suffixes—and understanding their morphological functions in the lyrical context. A qualitative descriptive method is employed, using morphological theory to examine how affixation contributes to word formation and meaning-making in the lyrics. The results reveal that suffixes are significantly more dominant than prefixes. Suffixes such as -ing, -ed, -s, -es, and -ly appear frequently and serve various grammatical purposes, including indicating verb tenses (such as the present participle and past tense), forming plural nouns, and transforming adjectives or adverbs. These suffixes also play a role in changing word classes, for instance, from verbs to nouns or adjectives to adverbs. This shift enriches the lexical variety and enhances the emotional and poetic expression within the song. Interestingly, the research found no use of prefixes in the lyrics, which may reflect stylistic or rhythmic choices by the songwriter. The absence of prefixes may also suggest a preference for linguistic simplicity and lyrical flow, which are important in songwriting to maintain musicality and ease of listening. The findings highlight how affixation contributes not only to the grammatical structure but also to the aesthetic and expressive quality of the lyrics. The use of affixes enhances the clarity of meaning and allows the songwriter to convey emotions effectively through carefully chosen morphological forms. Moreover, this study contributes to the field of morphological analysis in linguistics, particularly in musical and literary texts. It is expected that the research will serve as a valuable reference for students, educators, linguists, and anyone interested in exploring the intersection between language, music, and literature.

Revenge of the Sith, highlighting how these linguistic tools function as instruments of persuasion and manipulation. As the primary antagonist who masterminds the political and military conflict, Palpatine demonstrates an exceptional ability to control and influence other characters through carefully crafted dialogues. His language choices are not merely designed to maintain social harmony or reduce face-threatening acts (FTAs), but also to achieve hidden personal objectives. By building a sense of camaraderie and shared goals, Palpatine subtly manipulates the hearer’s emotions and decisions, often leading them toward outcomes that favor his agenda. The study employs a qualitative research method, with data drawn from Palpatine’s utterances throughout the film. Brown and Levinson’s (1987) theory of politeness serves as the primary analytical framework to identify the strategies Palpatine employs. The findings indicate that Palpatine frequently uses positive politeness strategies such as offering praise, emphasizing shared values, and creating misleading “common ground” to establish trust. He also makes promises or assurances that appeal to the hearer’s desires, while concealing his manipulative intentions. This research contributes to the broader field of pragmatics and discourse analysis by demonstrating how politeness theory can be applied to fictional narratives, particularly in examining power dynamics and manipulation. Furthermore, the study illustrates how language, when strategically used, can blur the lines between genuine politeness and calculated persuasion. The results highlight the importance of critical awareness in interpreting linguistic strategies in various communication contexts, both fictional and real-world.

Grammar learning is often considered boring and less interesting by students because the presentation is monotonous and oriented towards memorization. This has an impact on low motivation and student learning outcomes in understanding grammar. An approach is needed that can change the way grammar material is delivered to be more fun and contextual. This study aims to measure the effectiveness of a fun grammar teaching method in improving student learning outcomes and motivation. The study also aims to identify students' perceptions of the learning approach. The study used a quasi-experimental design with two groups, namely the experimental and control, each consisting of 30 students. Data were collected through pre-test, post-test, and student perception questionnaires, and analyzed using SPSS. The experimental group showed a statistically significant increase in grammar learning outcomes compared to the control group. The questionnaire showed that students felt happier, more active, and more motivated in learning grammar with a fun method. The results of the correlation test also showed a strong relationship between students' positive perceptions and increased learning outcomes. The fun grammar teaching method has been proven to be effective in improving student learning outcomes and forming positive learning attitudes. This study offers an innovative approach to grammar teaching based on students' experiences, activities, and emotional involvement.

Gamification has become a new approach in education that offers a more interactive and enjoyable learning experience. The challenge of maintaining students' motivation to learn encourages educators to look for alternative methods that are more in line with the characteristics of today's digital generation. Gamification is present as a potential solution to overcome boredom in the traditional learning process. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of gamification-based learning methods in improving student learning outcomes and motivation. The study used a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design involving an experimental group and a control group. The research instrument consisted of a learning outcome test and a learning motivation questionnaire. Data analysis was carried out by normality, homogeneity, independent sample t-test, and paired sample t-test. The research sample was taken from junior high school students with a total of 60 participants who were divided equally into two groups. The results of the study showed a significant improvement in student learning outcomes and motivation after the implementation of gamification. The experimental group showed higher posttest scores and motivation scores than the control group. Gamification-based learning has proven to be effective in creating a more engaging and productive learning atmosphere. This study concludes that gamification is not only able to improve academic achievement, but also strengthen students' emotional involvement in the learning process. These findings serve as a conceptual and practical basis for the development of future learning strategies that are more adaptive and responsive to the times.

Learning process is designed to achieve graduation standard where the objective of teaching learning process is to develop student’s attitude, knowledge and skill competence. However, based on the preliminary observation, The problems  frequently  found in English Learning is that  their  native  language  causes  them  difficult to use the foreign  language. The students are seldom to practice their speaking because they are afraid of making mistakes. Therefore, the students should actively involve in the learning process and understand about the material deeply.  Regarding of those conditions, this study is intended to develop Instructional multimedia for teaching speaking using Experiential Learning Method. The subject of this research and development (R and D) was the eighth grade students of Madrasah Tsanawiyah Miftahul Jannah Palangka Raya. The research was accomplished through the procedures of need analysis, adoption of syllabus and lesson plans, first draft of instructional multimedia development, expert validation, media revision, media try out, and final product. The Research instruments used in this study are questionnaire, interview, and observation which were distributed to the students, teachers and also the expert validation. The data obtained were analyzed and explained qualitatively. The result of need analysis showed that the students and teachers required instructional multimedia which is relevant to their major content needs, interest, motivation, and Curriculum. Considering to the results, the multimedia was selected and adapted from Ministry of Education source, relevant school books, and appropriate websites. The important thing that the multimedia is focused to adopt the syllabus and lesson plans. The data collected from questionnaires, interview, and observation reflected that the students were very interested to learn speaking using Experiential Learning method and the teachers were in need and intended to adopt the instructional multimedia of teaching speaking using Experiential Learning method in their teaching speaking process.  The Final Product in this research is in the form of video of teaching Speaking Using Experiential Learning Method for the eighth Grade students of MTs Miftahul Jannah Palangka Raya.
 

Educational strategic management plays a crucial role in ensuring the effectiveness and efficiency of educational program implementation. One of the key aspects of this management is program indicators, which serve as measurement tools to assess the achievement of educational objectives. Program indicators in education can be classified into four main types: input, process, output, and outcome. Each of these indicators plays a distinct role in evaluating the success of an educational program. Additionally, effective indicators must meet the SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound) criteria to be used effectively in planning and evaluation. This study aims to analyze the operational definition of program indicators in educational management, the types of indicators used, and the characteristics of effective indicators based on the SMART principle. A literature review method was employed by analyzing various relevant academic journals. The findings reveal that implementing clear and measurable program indicators enables educational institutions to continuously improve learning systems. Moreover, examples of program achievement indicators in education show that the success of a program can be systematically measured using a data-driven approach. With appropriate indicators, education management can more easily identify the strengths and weaknesses of a program and optimize strategies for implementing educational policies. The findings conclude that program indicators are a crucial component in enhancing education quality, particularly in resource management and assessing student learning outcomes.

The goal of this study was to find out how the Fix-up method affected the reading comprehension of class X students in SMAN 1 Harau District. Students' difficulties with reading comprehension while learning English are the impetus for this study. Reading scores for students are low. The majority of students did not achieve the KKM or Minimum Standard Score, as indicated by their daily reading tests. Vocabulary is lacking among students. Many students are still unable to comprehend the sentence's meaning when presented with advertisement text using common vocabulary, and they lack motivation to read. The researchers compared two classes using quantitative methods and a quasi-experimental research design in this study. This study's participants were students in class X at SMAN 1 Harau District, with X-E.7 serving as the control group with 30 students and X-E6 as the experimental group with 27 students. A reading test serves as the research instrument. On SPSS 26, an independent sample T-test was used to analyze the data. Students who were taught using the Fix-up strategy and students who were taught without using the Fix-up strategy achieved significantly different levels of reading comprehension. strategy. The fact that the p-value is lower than the alpha value (0.000 0.05) demonstrates this. It is possible to draw the conclusion based on these data that students' reading comprehension is significantly affected by the use of the fix-up strategy.
 

The research purpose is for developing effective mathematical logic learning model to early childhood through play activities using natural material media. This model is designed to stimulate children's logical thinking and mathematical abilities by utilizing natural materials such as shells, seeds, banana fronds, leaves, and stones as concrete and engaging learning media. Function of those materials is hope for enhancing children's interest and motivation in learning mathematics while considering their cognitive development stages comprehensively. The research method employed is a development research approach with stages of design, validation, and trial of the developed learning model. Validation is conducted by experts in education and early childhood learning to assess the feasibility of the model, while trials involve teachers and students at TK Negeri 1 Dharma Wanita Desa Eti, SBB Regency. The results indicate that this learning model is valid and practical for use, and it positively influences the improvement of children's mathematical logic abilities. These findings provide significant contributions for make developing of enjoyable also effective mathematics learning in early childhood education with a play-based approach using natural media. Teachers and educators can adopt this model to create an interactive learning environment that aligns with children's developmental characteristics. Additionally, the use of natural material media also supports children's awareness of their surrounding environment. Therefore, this model is a viable alternative to be developed and implemented in early childhood education.

This study investigates the effectiveness of gamification in enhancing English language learning outcomes among learners. Gamification, defined as the integration of game elements such as points, badges, leaderboards, and challenges into non-game settings, has gained widespread popularity as an innovative and motivating instructional approach in education. The primary goal of this research is to evaluate how gamified strategies impact learner engagement, motivation, and overall language proficiency in English classrooms. To achieve this, a quasi-experimental design was employed, involving two groups of learners: an experimental group exposed to gamified learning activities and a control group receiving traditional instructional methods. Data collection included pre- and post-assessments on language skills, as well as surveys measuring learners’ motivation and engagement levels. Analysis of the collected data reveals that the group learning through gamification demonstrated significantly higher gains in language proficiency compared to the control group. Additionally, the gamified group reported enhanced motivation and participation, indicating that gamification positively influences learners’ attitudes toward language learning. These findings suggest that incorporating game elements into English language teaching can create more dynamic, interactive, and enjoyable learning environments. Gamification not only fosters cognitive development but also satisfies psychological needs such as autonomy, competence, and relatedness, which are essential for sustaining motivation. Therefore, this study supports the use of gamified pedagogy as a promising tool to improve educational outcomes, particularly in language acquisition. Future research is encouraged to explore long-term effects and optimal design strategies for gamified learning applications.

Education is the main pillar in the development of quality human resources, especially in developing countries like Indonesia. Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) as a basic education institution has an important role in shaping students' character, knowledge and skills at an early age. However, the challenges faced in education in MI are often related to less innovative teaching methods, which have an impact on students' low learning motivation and academic results. The constructivist approach, which emphasizes the active role of students in the learning process, has been proven effective in improving the quality of learning. However, its application in teacher education in MI is still limited. This study aims to explore the application of the constructivist approach in teacher education in MI and its implications for learning quality. By applying this approach, it is expected that prospective teachers can develop better pedagogical skills, understand the different learning styles of students, and meet the demands of a curriculum that emphasizes 21st century skills. The research also highlights the importance of creating an inclusive learning environment where all students can actively participate. The results of the study are expected to contribute significantly to the development of education in Indonesia, particularly in the context of basic education, as well as providing insights into the integration of constructivist approaches in the teacher education curriculum at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah.

The purpose of this study was to improve students' learning outcomes in the Indonesian language subject through the application of the Student Facilitator and Explaining model on the One Point material. The factors underlying this study were learning problems experienced by students such as low Indonesian language learning outcomes below the KKTP standard. The research approach used was classroom action research conducted in 2 cycles where each cycle was carried out in 2 meetings. The results of the study showed that there was an increase in student learning outcomes as seen from the tests obtained from cycle I and cycle II. The results of the cycle I evaluation test with a percentage of learning outcomes of 50% and increased in cycle II with a percentage of learning outcomes of 88%. Based on the results of the evaluation of cycles I and II and the reflections that have been carried out, it can be concluded that by implementing the student facilitator and explaining learning model in the Indonesian language subject of class IV A SD Aisyiyah Muhammadiyah 3 Makassar, it can improve student learning outcomes.

This study aims to examine the effect of using educational video-based multimedia on the English vocabulary mastery of seventh-grade students at SMPN 52 North Bengkulu in the 2024/2025 academic year. This research uses a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design. The sample consisted of two classes: the experimental class received instruction using educational videos, while the control class was taught using traditional methods without multimedia support. Prior to the treatment, both groups were given a pre-test to measure their initial vocabulary ability. After the intervention, a post-test was conducted to assess the students’ vocabulary improvement. The data analysis revealed a significant increase in the post-test scores of the experimental group compared to the control group. This indicates that the use of video-based multimedia effectively enhances students’ vocabulary comprehension and retention. Additionally, video media improved students’ learning motivation and engagement during the instructional process. These findings recommend the integration of multimedia as an innovative strategy in English language teaching, particularly in vocabulary instruction, to create a more engaging, interactive, and contextual learning experience.

Literary works, especially drama, often reflect the complexity of human psychology through character development and internal conflict. One of the most profound ways to explore this complexity is through psychoanalytic theory, which reveals how unconscious forces shape human behavior. The objective of this study is to analyze personality development in William Shakespeare’s drama Macbeth through the lens of Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory. This study employs descriptive qualitative method to explore the inner conflicts experienced by the main character, Macbeth, which are categorized into Freud’s structural personality model: the id, ego, and superego. The results of the data were found that the most dominant component was the id (50%), followed by the ego (30.56%) and the superego (19.44%). The dominance of the id appears in Macbeth's ambition and unconscious desires that lead him to commit murder and violence to gain power. The ego appears when Macbeth tries to think rationally and consider the consequences of his actions, especially when he hesitates or plans strategically before taking any steps. The superego is found in Macbeth’s feelings of guilt and remorse after killing King Duncan, which show his moral awareness and internal punishment. The psychological tension caused by the conflict among the three components of personality reflects Macbeth’s mental transformation from a noble man to a tyrant driven by fear, guilt, and obsession. The final conclusion is that the id is the most dominant factor influencing Macbeth’s downfall, as his uncontrolled desires overpower his rational mind and moral conscience, causing his psychological destruction. This study shows that psychoanalytic theory can be a powerful tool to uncover the internal struggles of literary characters and explain how hidden psychological forces shape their fate.

This study discusses the influence of the madrasah principal's strategy in information technology-based learning on improving the school brand image at Madrasah Interactive MIMHa Bandung. The madrasah principal plays an important role in integrating information technology to improve the quality of learning and the attractiveness of the school. This study aims to describe the madrasah principal's strategy in information technology-based learning, explain the improvement of the school's image, and analyze the influence between the two. The method used is a survey with an ex post facto approach, involving 33 teachers as respondents. Data were collected through questionnaires, documentation, and interviews, then analyzed quantitatively. Based on the results of the study, the madrasah principal's strategy in information technology-based learning has an influence of 43.7% on improving the school brand image, while the rest is influenced by other factors. This means that the better the technology-based learning strategy implemented by the madrasah principal, the more positive the madrasah's image in the eyes of the public. This study recommends the development of innovative technology-based strategies to strengthen the competitiveness and reputation of educational institutions.  

This study investigates the role of motivation and self-efficacy in English language learning among fourth-semester students majoring in English at IAIN Takengon. Employing a quantitative method, data were collected from a limited population of five students using a validated Likert-scale questionnaire designed to assess levels of motivation and self-efficacy across key language skills. The results revealed that while students demonstrated high levels of motivation—driven by academic and career goals, as well as personal inspirations—their self-efficacy levels varied, with some showing a lack of confidence in their language abilities. This finding suggests a discrepancy between students’ motivational drive and their self-perceived competence. The study recommends the integration of mentoring programs, engaging classroom strategies, and exposure to authentic language environments to enhance learners’ self-efficacy. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of affective factors in second language acquisition and provide practical recommendations for language instructors and institutions.

The development of digital technology, especially social media platforms such as TikTok, has had an impact that has driven changes in communication culture in society, one of which is related to the phenomenon of politeness crisis. This study aims to analyze the application of the principle of politeness in language in the speech used by the owner of the TikTok account "riezky.kabah". The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive methodological approach and a pragmatic theoretical approach with SBLC (Simak Bebas Libat Cakap) data collection techniques and notes. The data source in this study was taken from video uploads on the TikTok account "riezky.kabah" in the period 2023-2025. The data for this study is in the form of speech in the video, especially video content with a school background as a limitation in data analysis. The results of the interim analysis show that there are 2 utterances of compliance and 50 utterances of violation, with details of the maxim of wisdom (tact maxim) found compliance as much as 1 data and violation as much as 13 data, the maxim of generosity (generosity maxim) found violation as much as 13 data, the maxim of modesty (modestness maxim) found compliance as much as 1 data and violation as much as 3 data, the maxim of approval (approval maxim) found violation as much as 18 data, the maxim of agreement (agreement maxim) found violation as much as 2 data, and the maxim of sympathy (sympathy maxim) found violation as much as 1 data.

TikTok, as a social media platform, is increasingly gaining attention in English language teaching (ELT) due to its potential to enhance speaking and listening skills through interactive learning experiences. However, its effectiveness in formal education is still debated due to challenges pedagogical. This study aims to synthesize evidence related to the role of TikTok in English Language Teaching (ELT), specifically its impact on students' speaking, listening, and engagement learning. This study employs a systematic review method based on the PRISMA guidelines, with data search using the keywords “Digital Learning; English Language Teaching (ELT); Learner Engagement; Social Media; TikTok” in five academic databases, namely Scopus (n = 30), Mendeley (n = 25), Publish or Perish (n = 40), Google Scholar (n = 50), as well as additional sources from ResearchGate (n = 4), Academia.edu (n = 1), and institutional repositories (n = 3). Of the 153 studies found, 48 were thoroughly reviewed, and 20 final studies were analyzed. The results show that TikTok can improve students’ pronunciation exercises, listening comprehension, and learning motivation. However, challenges such as content validity, curriculum integration, and potential distractions remain concerns. In conclusion, TikTok has the potential to serve as an additional learning tool in ELT, increasing engagement and language acquisition; however, a structured pedagogical strategy is necessary to maximize its benefits and address existing challenges. More research is needed to identify best practices in integrating TikTok into formal education.

The aims of this research are not only to know the development of English Storybook in Students speaking skill of Al-Qomar Institute but also to know the advisability of English Storybook in students speaking skill of Al-Qomar Institute Giri Banyuwangi. Researcher utilized the development of Sugiyono method with eight stages. The stages included: (1) Potential and Problem, (2) Collection of Data, (3) Product Design, (4) Design Validation, (5) Design Revision, (6) Product Trial, (7) Product Revision, and (8) Final product. In the previous study, the researcher used VOS viewer to get the references which conducted with the title of the research. The information collecting through interview, questionnaire, documentation and test. The data collecting through used four validators. They are validator of design expert, validator of content expert, teacher perception, and student’s respondent. The product user is the member of Institute of ala-Qomar Giri Banyuwangi which consisted of 24 students. The result showed: 1) the process includes: a) the design of English Storybook development step, b) the expert of English Storybook and the validation of the assessment step from the expert, teacher perception and student respond. 2) The validity level of English Storybook is obtained based on the result of contain expert is 90%, the score was categorized as “very good” with interval 80% < x < 100%, design expert is 86%, the score was categorized “verry good” with interval 80% < x < 100%, teacher perception is 97%, the score was categorized “very good” with interval 80% < x < 100%, and student respond is 87%, the score was categorized “very good” with interval 80% < x < 100%. So, it can be seen that the criteria of validation level are very valid and not revision. This English storybook that has been revised by design expert and contain expert. This English storybook can be used a reference by teachers to try to improve the student speaking skills and can be some learning media is appropriate to the student’s condition. It means, that used English storybook is very positive for the students.            
              
Keywords:English Storybook, Speaking Skill, How to cite

Gamification is an instructional approach that incorporates game elements to enhance student engagement and motivation in the classroom. This classroom action research was conducted with sixth-grade elementary school students by integrating gamification techniques into the learning process. Various game-based components such as point systems, levels, challenges, and rewards were applied throughout the instructional activities. During the study, data were collected on student participation, academic achievement, and responses to the implementation of gamification. The findings indicate that gamification strategies significantly improved student involvement in the learning process. Students demonstrated greater enthusiasm and active participation during gamified lessons. Moreover, improvements in academic performance were observed among students engaged in gamification-based learning. However, further research is needed to explore in more depth the factors that influence the effectiveness of gamification across different subject areas.

Cooperative Learning has been proven effective in improving the quality of education, especially at the elementary school level. One popular cooperative learning model is the Think-Pair-Share (TPS) method. This method provides students with the opportunity to think independently, discuss with a partner, and share their thoughts with the larger group. This study aims to explore the optimization of the implementation of the TPS method in enhancing the cognitive and social abilities of elementary school students. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, this study analyzes how the implementation of TPS can affect students' understanding of the material as well as their social skills. The results indicate that the application of the TPS method not only improves students' cognitive abilities, such as mastery of subject matter and critical thinking skills, but also strengthens their social skills in interacting, communicating, and collaborating with classmates. This study recommends the integration of the TPS method into elementary school teaching practices to maximize students' potential in various aspects, both cognitive and social.

The speaking skills of seventh-grade students at SMPN 27 Satu Atap Lappawarue are still considered low.This is caused by the students' low self-confidence in speaking in public and the use of teaching methods that do not encourage active participation.This study aims to determine the extent of the influence of the Role Playing learning technique in improving students' speaking skills in the Indonesian language subject. The type of this research is Pre-Experiment.The research design is a Pretest-Posttest Design, which is an experiment that involves only one class as the experimental class without a comparison class (control class).The subjects used in this study were 12 students. The results of the descriptive statistical analysis show that the use of the Role Playing learning technique has a positive impact on the improvement of students' speaking skills.The average speaking skill scores of the students increased from 44 during the pretest to 79 after the posttest.This shows that after the Role Playing technique was applied, the students' speaking skills experienced a significant improvement compared to before the technique was implemented.The results of the inferential statistical analysis using the t-test formula show that the calculated t-value obtained is 9.358 with a frequency (df) = 12 – 1 = 11.At a significance level of α = 0.05, the t-table value obtained is 2.200.Thus, t calculated > t table, so the null hypothesis (H₀) is rejected and the alternative hypothesis (H₁) is accepted.This proves that there is a significant influence of the Role Playing technique on the speaking skills of seventh-grade students at SMPN 27 Satu Atap Lappawarue, Mallawa District, Maros Regency.

The background of this research was found in students of SMP N II Tondano Class VII E who had learning difficulties in learning mathematics on one variable linear equation material through an online learning system. These problems make researchers interested in studying this research further. This study aims to determine the difficulties experienced by students in learning mathematics in PLSV material through an online learning system. This type of research is qualitative research. The data was obtained by giving a story problem description test and conducting student interviews. The research instrument was to provide the story and several interview questions for students online. The study results show that in learning mathematics in PLSV material through an online learning system, students experience difficulties memorizing equation formulas, and arithmetic operations, changing questions into mathematical forms, and difficulties understanding the material provided by the teacher. These problems are caused by 1) lack of interest and motivation in student learning, 2) not having a severe attitude in participating in online learning, 3) student concentration does not focus on learning material

This research discussed the self-defense mechanism found in the main character in The Blind Side movie by John Lee Hancock. The writer focused on the analysis of the main character in the movie, named Big Mike. The results of this research indicate that there are several actions taken by the main character towards building self-defense mechanisms. There are eight kinds of self-defense mechanisms in Big Mike's character, namely repression, reaction formation, displacement, rationalization, sublimation, aggression, fantasy, and denial, which represent how Big Mike's character tries to adapt to his new life and protect those closest to him. To achieve the research objectives, the writer uses literary criticism in analyzing Big Mike's character as well as psychological approaches and the theory of self-defense mechanisms proposed by Freud. The primary data for this study was collected from the script and dialogue of The Blind Side movie, which was then analyzed using qualitative methods to reveal various types of self-defense mechanisms contained in the character of Big Mike.
                                                                                                           
 

This research is intended to reveal internal and external conflict in Ernest Hemingway’s The Old Man and the Sea. This is qualitative research, in which the data are in the form of words rather than numbers. The information was gathered from the novel The Old Man and the Sea, which served as the primary source, as well as other books on the subject. The result shows that the external conflict is between the old man, Santiago, and society. First, when the other fishermen and society mock the old man, Second, when the old man, Santiago, is struggling against the wild nature, the cruel sea, and the marlin and sharks, in struggling against the mockery, the old man just keeps silent and goes on fishing. The morning cold will easily make the old man sick or unable to hold out. Nonetheless, the old man is always confident in his ability to persevere. The internal conflict begins when the old man, Santiago, feels lonely; he has no wife and no children. Second, he feels disappointed and ashamed. The old man has gone fishing for 84 days, but when he goes home from fishing, he brings only the skeleton. He caught fish, but the shark is the only one. Despite his disappointment, Santiago is a man who is undefeated.

Quillbot is one of the modern era technologies that many students use in learning, it is also one of the online applications to improve writing. Quillbot can help students find writing errors such as punctuation and grammar and others. The purpose of this article is to find out students' perceptions of the use of quillbot as an alternative for students in writing English. This study uses a quantitative method, to find how the use of quillbot in helping English Foreign Language (EFL) to write English. data was collected through questionnaires and interviews that have been calculated and analyzed. The results show that students have a lot of positive perceptions of the use of quillbot in improving writing, as well as found advantages in quillbot that are very helpful to students. With this paper, students are expected to be able to apply it in learning activities related to English writing thus that the resulting writing becomes better.
 
 

Vowels in English are pronounced with the mouth open, they can be sung. Also, vowels in English can be long vowels and short short vowels. The number of short vowels is seven long: five diphthongs and eight diphthongs. Diphthongs: Combinations of two vowels in a syllable. In English it is very important to respect the abbreviations and the length of the vowels, as the length of a sound can depend on the meaning of the word. For example: boat - sheep The first word of the sound i is short, and in the second vowel combination it is a sound that I owe only i. Translation of the first word - ship and the second - sheep. English short vowel – truncated stressed vowel. Vowel length in English or monophthong. They recite a fixed articulation. The first diphthong resonates, creating a surprising syllable. And the second - just a quick point. English has short and long vowels. There are 6 short vowels, some say 7, including the sound schwa [ə], as in "go, still, cinema, etc.". The six short vowels are [ʌ], [æ], [e], [ɪ ] , [ɒ] and [ʊ] with examples /cup/, /black/, /yes/, /sit/, /rock/ and /pull/ each has 5, namely H. [u:], [i: ] , [ɑ:], [ɔ:] and [ɜ:] with examples of each word: /food/, /look/, /dark/,/call/ and /wallet.
 
 

The purposes of this research were to find out studens’ grammatical errors on writing descriptive text and the possible causes of their grammatical errors. This research used descriptive qualitative method with the 20 participants of IPA MA NW Perian as the sample. Observation, interview, and questionare were used as the research instruments. The result showed that the students produce 44,87 % errors in using verb, 23,07 % errors in using noun, 16,66 % errors in using pronoun, 8,97 % errors in using preposition, and 6,41 % errors in use of adjective. The students produced 44,87 % errors from 78 of total number of errors in writing descriptive text. Based on the result interview and questionnaire the researcher found that most students knew descriptive text definition but frequently found it difficult to write descriptive text since they were still confused in grammar, vocabularies arrangement, and word orders. It was concluded that the possible causes of errors are grammatical, words selection, and word orders.

The study “Evaluating Competence-Based Vocational Education in Indonesia” investigates at the CBE is used in Indonesian vocational education. In addition to gathering cross-sectional survey data from 41 school administrators, 453 instructors, and 2219 students from 41 schools, the study examines educational policy texts. The study looks at how much CBE is implemented in Indonesian vocational education. In terms of the improvement of students’ competencies, the study also assesses the success of CBE implementation. The study comes to the conclusion that CBE implementation in Indonesian vocational education is still in its early stages and that there are still many issues that need to be resolved in order to ensure effective CBE implementation.

There are several problems found in this research, such the material used by teacher was not related to the major, textbook for  students was not provide the material related to their major, and the material only taken from the internet by teacher randomly. This research is research and development which uses the theory of Sugiyono. The stages in this development are research, developing, validation, and testing. The subjects in this study were 36 students from the tenth grade of Computer and Network Engineering. The need analysis shows, students want to learn reading material that is related to their major and useful when they work after graduation. For validation by expert, the English reading material is categorized as "Very Valid" with the percentage score obtained is 83%. The practical results that have been given to teacher and students, the English reading material is categorized as "Very Practice" with  score 92%. And the last, the effectiveness of the English reading material is effective, it gets a significant value of 0.00 which is <0.05,it means that the English reading material is effective. So overall, the developing of English reading material is  accordance with the needs of students majoring in computer and network engineering.

This Research was done due to several problems found: Students ability in reading were low, lack of interesting in reading, and students were difficult to comprehend the text. Anticipation Reaction Guide strategy is related to this problem because the Anticipation Reaction Guide is enabled strategy to help the students who may hold misconceptions regarding a specific concept based on the lesson in reading. Therefore, this research was to investigate the effect of using Anticipation Reaction Guide Strategy on Students’ Reading Comprehension. This research used quantitative method with quasi-experimental design by comparing two classes. The researcher used a cluster sampling technique because teacher recomendation and these class have similar characteristics. The total sample was 53 students of VIII 1 and VIII 2. The researcher used multiple test wich consisted of pre test and post test were applied in collect the data. Based on the data analysis used T- test Formula. The result from post test both of classes, it was t-obtained (2.73) was higher than the t-table (2.009). So it means that alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted while the null hypotesis (Ho) was rejected. So, it means that using anticipation-reaction guide strategy can help students to increase their reading comprehension.

Reading is the ability to use thoughts and actions to perform visual activities, pronounce a series of letters into words and sentences, master reading techniques and understand the content of the reading correctly. The method used in this study is a literature analysis study. Reading skills are skills that focus on reading words and sentences. The aspects in reading, it seems like pronunciation accuracy, intonation, fluency, clarity of voice and reading ability intact. Reading skills are the ability for a person to be able to read a reading properly and correctly, and can get the message contained in the reading. The purpose of reading is to find and obtain information, include its content and understand the meaning of reading.

As an immigrant living in Australia, having proficiency in English is a must. With the background of language includes several mother tongues, bilingualism is directly acquired since living in the English country. Dealing with this case, this study aims at investigating diverse Australian immigrants’ experiences of becoming bilingual and underlines their implication for EFL (English as a Foreign Language) study. Two participants; German and Indonesian immigrants living in Australia for about 20 years taking apart during this study. Qualitatively, the immigrants were interviewed then the data were analyzed. The results found that both of them have some shared and distinctive multilingual experiences. In addition, it indicated that they were in different phases of their bilingual development.

The purpose of this research is to learn about Oliver Twist's struggles. This research is qualitative, in which the data are in the form of words rather than numbers. The data were collected from the novel, with Oliver Twist as the primary source, and other books that were relevant to this topic. The result shows Oliver was suffering, but he never gave up; instead, he ran away and looked up a lover in London. in his struggle for survival. Oliver shows his hard work in the orphanage and tries hard to break the rule or regulation. Oliver Twist is the first person to speak out against orphan mistreatment in the infant farm, where orphans would go for several nights without food. Oliver is very brave and never afraid of anyone, even though he is still a child. Never think that the world is full of bad people; good people are all around; they embellish good thoughts, nurture fine souls, and welcome you with an open heart. Their positive personality traits have a great impact on lives, and their influences are far stronger and more everlasting. When Mr. Brownlow resolves to save innocent Oliver Twist, nothing can stop him from rescuing the boy. It is also because of Oliver’s pure and good heart.

In education, the attention of parents is one factor that is very important and influences the education of their children. However, many parents underestimate their children's education. There are still many students who do not get enough attention from their parents in their studies. This is one of the factors in children's academic achievement that is not optimal. To improve learning outcomes, students must be motivated both internally and externally. This study discusses the problem of how the relationship between parental attention and student learning outcomes in grade IV elementary school. This type of research is qualitative with a descriptive approach. The source of the research material is the parents of elementary school students and their academic results. Observations, questionnaires and interviews were used as methods in data collection. The results showed that 15 students with a percentage of 71.42% received parental attention in the very good category, 4 students with a percentage of 19.04% in the good category, and 2 students with a percentage of 9.52% in the category of little parental attention. The average student learning outcomes in the very good category were achieved by 13 students with a percentage of 61.90%, in the good category were 6 students with a percentage of 28.57%, the less and less good categories each received 1 student with a percentage of 4.76%. . Thus, parental attention has a relationship with student academic results.

This articlei is motivateid by thei importancei of voweil souinds to suipport thei ability to reiad and writei in Einglish. Voweil souinds ability is an ability that is oftein oveirlookeid whein compareid to speiak and conveirsation compreiheinsion, althouigh theirei is a lot of liteiratuirei which stateis that reiseiarcheirs and eiduicators agreiei that souinds skills arei important to bei tauight. Uintil now, theirei arei still many stuideints in geineiral who do not uindeirstand voweil souinds . Theireiforei, this articlei discuisseis speilling and speilling variants. Writing this articlei aims: 1) to know thei conceipt of voweil souinds 2) to find ouit voweil souinds 3) To find ouit thei correict voweil souinds misconceiptions. Thei meithod uiseid is a meithod by seiarching baseid on eixisting liteiratuirei and articleis. Thei data colleiction teichniquiei is baseid on liteiratuirei and articleis reilateid to voweil souinds. Thei reisuilt of this articlei is that speilling has a veiry big fuinction in writing, thei first impreission that thei reiadeir geits is thei voweil of souinds from an articlei beiforei hei uindeirstands thei meissagei thei auithor wants to conveiy. An articlei with a varieity of words which is muich morei inteireisting to reiad than an articlei that uiseis thei samei words oveir and oveir again. Many stuideints feieil that souinds with thei correict voweil souinds is veiry difficuilt to do.

Puisi yang berjudul “Aku Ingin” merupakan karya dari seorang sastrawan hebat yang mampu mengungkapkan isi pikirannya dan mengemasnya menjaadi sebuah bait-bait puissi yang indah yang menjadikan penulis tertarik untuk meneliti puisi dari Sapardi Djoko Damono. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan struktur puisi yaitu struktutr fisik dan struktur batin yang berjudul “Aku Ingin” karya Sapardi Djoko damono. Metode penelitian dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif karena memaparkan analisis dan hasilnya dengan kata-kata bukan dengan angka. Metode deskriptif kualitatif dilakukan melalui cara mendeskripsikan fakta-fakta yang kemudian dianalisis. Wujud data dari metode deskriptif kualitatif berupa deskripsi terhadap objek penelitian yakni dari bait-bait puisi “Aku ingin” karya sapardi djoko damono.

This research was aimed to develop CCU materials for students of English Department. This materials was hoped could support students needs and it cound be link and match with workforce and industry. So that the students can get the benefits maximally especially in understanding intercultural communication and communication skills in Cross Cultural Understanding course. This research applied research and development as explained by Thiagarajan (1974). He defined that Research and Development was a research method  which use 4D models those are Define, Design, Develop and Disseminate. The research showed that in the define stage it was counducted need analysis towards 29 students by sharing questionnaires to know the indicator of learning objectives based on learning outcome. In the design stage,  the CCU materials contains 10 chapters, 170 pages. The next stage was development, it was aimed to produce a textbook which was based on students need and by using problem solving skills. There were two steps namely expert validation or judgement and product testing. After conducting the limited test and implementation of the product, then we come to the last stages that is disseminates. In this stage, researcher disseminate the product to the users of the textbook. Before that there were some steps which had been done, first contacting the publisher of the book to get ISBN. Then the second one was after getting ISBN the textbook was ready to be copied and shares to the users.
 

 This research aimed to investigate the meaning of idiomatic expression and to find out the types of Idiom in Encanto movie script. The researcher used McCharty and O'Dell's theory to analyze the implementation of idiomatic expression occurred in the object of this research.  The qualitative research method was applied. The data were collected by watching the Encanto movie several times, determining the words, phrases, or sentences to be analyzed, and then categorizing the terms, phrases, and sentences into types of idioms based on the used theory. The result showed that there were 20 data found namely 7 Simile, 1 Binomial, 2 Proverbs, 1 Euphemism, 2 Clichés, and 6 Fixed Statement. Furthermore, this research can be a valuable information and knowledge for many people in understanding the idiomatic meaning in some media.
 
 

This study examined the effect of the think-pair-share strategy on seventh grade students at the junior high school in MtsS Ashhabul Yamin, Lasi Tuo's ability to write descriptive text. The background for this study was the students' difficulties with writing when learning English. First, most of the students did not understand well how to make a short paragraph. Second, many of the students had limited of vocabulary. Third, some of the students were difficult to writing the sentences that has the correct grammar.  In this study, the researcher compared two classes using a quantitative method and a quasi-experimental research design. The sample of this study were junior high school students in the seventh grade at MTsS Ashhabul Yamin, Lasi Tuo, specifically 7.6 as the experimental class with 28 students and 7.9 as the control class with 27 students. The instrument of this research was writing test. The data was analyzed by using independent sample t-test and paired sample t-test in SPSS 22. The result of the research indicated that there was significant effect of students writing ability between the students who were taught by using think pair share strategy and without using think-pair-share strategy. It can be seen from the value of sig. (2-tailed)  which was smaller than the alpha value (0,000<0,05). From the result of the data, it can be concluded that, using think pair share strategy gave significant effect of writing ability in descriptive text.

The purpose of this study was to discover how students' critical thinking skills developed during the classroom learning process. This research was conducted at SMA Negeri 1 Ratahan, and the sample is the first-year students, which was made up of 35 students. The instruments used in collecting data are observation techniques. The data were analyzed qualitatively. 1) The concept of purpose was present in Meetings 2, 3, 4, and 5. It is shown that when students reason, they reason to achieve some objective, to satisfy some desire, or to fulfill some need. 2) The concept of "question" was in Meetings 1, 2, 4, and 5. This shows that generally, the students had questions and problems to be solved. (3) The concept of concept was only observed in Meetings 2, 3, and 5. Some ideas or concepts are used in all reasoning but not others. 4) The concept of assumption was in Meetings 1, 2, 4, and 5. All reasoning must begin somewhere; we must take some things for granted. Any "defect" in the assumptions or presuppositions with which the reasoning begins is a possible source of problems for students. 5) Only at Meeting 5 was the concept of information discussed. Whenever we reason, there is some "stuff," some phenomenon, about which we are reasoning. Any "defect," then, in the experiences, data, evidence, or raw material upon which a person’s reasoning is based is a possible source of problems. 6) The concept of interpretation was discussed in Meetings 3 and 4. Reasoning proceeds in steps: "Because this is so, that also is so (or probably so)," or "Since this, therefore that." Any "defect" in such inferences is a possible problem in our reasoning. 7) In Meetings 3 and 5, the concept of point of view or frame of reference was discussed. In this case, students reason within certain frames of reference. Any "defect" in that point of view or frame of reference is a possible source of problems in the reasoning. 8) Only Meetings 3 and 4 discussed the concept of implications (and consequences). Any "defect" in the implications or consequences of our reasoning is a possible source of problems.
 
 

The purpose of this research is to prove whether role play and picture-in-picture are effective or not in improving students’ speaking abilities at SMP Negeri 1 Ratahan. This research is classified as "classroom action research" because it was conducted in a cycle. The second-grade students were taken as a sample consisting of 20 students. The writer used a reflective journal, field notes, and tests in collecting data. The data were analyzed in a way that triangulates the data sources. It compared the data obtained from reflexive journals, field notes, and tests. This was intended to get a general description of the students' progress. The triangulation was interpreted to get the result of the research. The findings of this study revealed that by using role play in Cycle 1, only a small number of students improved their speaking competency, with a mean score of 5. By applying picture and picture in Cycle 2, more students were able to speak, with a mean score of 6. The result was classified as moderate. Through the combination of role play and picture-and-picture in Cycle 3, most of the students made great progress, with a mean score of 8, and it was categorized as good.
 

Education is an investment for the creation of quality Human Resources (HR). Through education, one can easily increase one's potential so that one can improve one's life in a better direction. Various efforts have been made by the Government to improve the quality and equity of education. One of the efforts is by holding a 12-year compulsory education program. The policy of the 12 year compulsory education program is expected to be able to succeed and improve the quality of human life. Writing this article using descriptive method and literature study. This research states that the 12-year compulsory education program in Indonesia has not run optimally. There are still areas that have not been able to implement the 12-year compulsory education program. As in Bogor district, which has not maximized the 12-year compulsory education program due to conditions that do not support access to education. Even so, the government continues to strive for this program to be realized properly. The government is trying to make strategies or steps that are expected to anticipate problems in education in Indonesia. This is evidenced by the success of the 12-year compulsory education program in Lampung, namely the large number of Lampung people who have successfully carried out education for 12 years, the large number of schools built in the city and in the interior as well as the participation of the Lampung people who support the implementation of this program..

This research is a research to test whether the use of picture series media is influence in teaching writing. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was a significant difference in the writing ability of students who were taught using the picture series. The population of this research is the eighth grade students of MTs Nurul Qur'an Jogoroto in the academic year 2022/2023. The total population is 215 students divided into six classes, each class contains between 35-38 students. The sample in this study was class VIII 5 and VIII 6 MTs Nurul Quran Jogoroto, totaling 70 students. The researcher used Quasi Experimental Class method to obtain score data. The researcher conducted a normality test to find out whether the data was normal or not. Based on the data normality test that has been carried out by the researcher, it shows that sig. 2-tailed is 0.000 meaning that data is normally distributed. Then, it will be continued with a mann whitney test. Based on the testing the hypothesis terms, if score of t is sig. < 0.05, Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected. In the mann whitney test calculation, the data shows sig.(2-tailed) 0.000. The data lower than 0.5, it means that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted.

This research was done  due to several problems on the students’ ability and impact to the score in reading comprehension.The first problem because the students do their task alone, the second problem the students had low motivation to read the text, the last problem the students felt bored with learning model used. The researher expected wether the power of two strategy is able to give significant effect on students’ reading comprehension. This research was an experimental research. The researcher chose quasi experimental design by using the experimental class and control class. The population of this research was 1th grade of SMA N 1 Pangkalan. The sample was X MIPA 1 which was as treated experimental class and  X MIPA 2 was treated as control class. To determine the sample, the researcher used  cluster sampling because the class have similar characteristic in score of reading test and have similar problems in reading comprehension.The researcher used the reading test as instrument.To analyzed the data, the researcher used Liliefors test for normality test. Then to test the hypothesis, the researcher used t-test and   Based on the analysis of the data, the result was also indicated by the mean of experimental class pre-test score which was 60.36. It was higher than the control class pre-test score which was 49.29. The result was also indicated by the mean of experimental class post-test score which was 85.86. It was higher than the control class post-test score which was 61.86. It meant there was significant effect of using the power of two strategy on students reading comprehension. It was concluded that Ha was accepted and H0 was rejected. The students who were taught by using the power of two strategy better than the students who were not taught by using the power of two strategy. To sum up, the power of two strategy has a significant effect on students reading comprehension on descriptive text at 1th grade of SMA N 1 Pangkalan.

This research is carried out to trace dignity in A Streetcar Named Desire. The dignity is focused on Blanche as a Southern woman, who has a different characterization from her sister Stella.  This research is qualitative research since the data are in the form of words and quotations. The data are collected from the drama itself, A Streetcar Named Desire, and other books or references to support the analysis. In analyzing the data, the writer used a mimetic approach. The approach views literature as the imitation and combination of the reality and imagination of the playwright or the result of his imagination that comes from reality. The result shows the existence of the dignity of Blanche as a Southern Woman who lives on wealth and has a plantation in Belle Reve. Blanche’s region and its society have unique values in their social status. It is gentility that includes the manner of treating the caller. Blanche shows that her dignity comes from her cultural and social background as a Southern woman. Blanche serves to symbolize what she felt about the Southern aristocracy as she tries to escape poverty and her reputation although her ancestry is dead. Blanche's struggle with dignity and fantasy serves as one of the main causes of her character’s downfall. Although she puts on a veneer of social snobbery and has a manner that is dainty and frail, in reality, Blanche lies because she refuses to accept the hand fate has dealt her. In the Old South, women depended on men for comfort and status. She is taken away from her dignity. She also desperately clings to and is dragged into a new world of reality and a New South.

English is a native-speaking language hundreds of millions of the world's population consisting of Americans, Australia, New Zealand, Canada and of course·only the British themselves. This fact allows the emergence of several English variants or varieties; Among another emergence of British English and American English.  In the world of education, English as a language foreigners in Indonesia, the second variant has not received attention. Most English teaching institutions without be the choice of certain English variants. On Basically, the official provisions regarding this matter are not yet there is. However, there are variants of British English and American English can bring teacher doubts in dealing with abnormalities, vowel, vocabulary, or pronunciation the language. This is one of the considerations for the need to know English variants for prospective teachers and students English teacher, especially when the American influence is growing.

English Proficiency Test becomes a compulsory standard for higher education settings. Students need to perform their best capability, so they can obtain their expected score. Meanwhile, way of learning changed significantly due to Covid-19 pandemic. Students had to adjust the shifting way of learning from face-to-face meeting to online learning. The study aimed to investigate master students’ readiness in taking English Proficiency Test during the pandemic due to shifting way of learning from face-to-face to online learning. The research employed mixed-method study by using phenomenology approach as the qualitative inquiry, and descriptive analysis was used as the quantitative investigation. Qualitative data were taken through interview, and quantitive data were obtained by using questionairre. Based on the results of the study, it can be known that respondents did not perform their good self-efficacy in doing their English Proficiency Test. Meanwhile, respondents needed to adjust the shifting of learning way during pandemic because they should be more independent by learning the materials individually. 

Pantai Pancer Door merupakan tempat yang sangat digemari oleh semua kalangan, dari orang tua sampai kanak-kanak. Selain obyek wisata yang ada, kawasan yang luas, dan beberapa tempat untuk berolahraga, serta adanya tempat jual beli yang sangat ramai dan tempat pembelajaran bagi peserta didik menjadi bagian konsep-konsep dalam pembelajaran Kelebihan dari obyek wisata pantai Pancer Door adalah memiliki ombak yang sangat besar. Bagi pengunjung yang ingin menikmati wisata kuliner kawasan pantai Pancer Door juga menyediakan warung-warung di sekitar area pantai dan juga tersedia banyak fasilitas pendukung lainnya. Obyek wisata dapat dimanfaatkan untuk pelajar melakukan pembelajaran di ruang terbuka. Seperti halnya para nelayan yang sedang mencari ikan, peserta didik bisa langsung melihat bagaimana para nelayan menangkap ikan, dan jenis biota laut apa saja yang ditangkap. Kemudian untuk penanaman tumbuhan mangrove yang ada di sekitar pesisir pantai, yang dapat mencegah abrasi pantai. Penerapan pembelajaran menggunakan media obyek wisata pantai Pancer Door sebagai salah satu alat bantu pembelajaran yang dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada pembelajaran IPA, guru haruslah memanfatkan lingkungan untuk dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. Kedekatan peserta didik dengan sumber belajar yang bersumber dari lingkungan hingga budaya menjadi hal yang menarik.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan keterampilan berbahasa dan kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa yang di tinjau berdasarkan gender.  kemampuan komunikasi matematis  yang akan diteliti adalah kemampuan komunikasi dalam bentuk  kemampuan menggambar (drawing), Ekspresi matematika (mathematical expression), dan menulis (written texts). Dan keterampilan berbahasa yang akan diteliti adalah keterampilan menulis dan berbicara. Subjek dalam penelitian ini sebanyak satu siswa laki-laki (LL) dan satu siswa perempuan (PP) Yayasan Gemah Ripah Kuningan Kelas III. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan Analisis data untuk mendeskripsikan hasil penyelesaian soal tertulis mengenai keterampilan berbahasa dan komunikasi matematis. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan Teknik tes, wawancara, observasi dan pengkajian dokumen. Hasil penelitian adalah: dalam komunikasi matematis, siswa laki-laki lebih baik dalam kemampuan visualisasi serta pengorganisasian informasi dan perempuan lebih teliti dalam merepresentasikan ide matematis. Lalu dalam keterampilan berbahasa, siswa perempuan lebih verbal ketimbang siswa laki-laki. Namun siswa laki-laki lebih baik dalam menjaga kontak mata dengan lawan bicara ketimbang siswa perempuan.

Social commentary is one aspect related to society in seeing a phenomenon that occurs. The researcher see a phenomenon that occurs in a community environment and is represented by poem. Where poem used figurative language to beautify writing. The object in this research is a poem by William Shakespeare entitled A Fairy Song. This research aims to explain the figurative language contained in A Fairy Song and also to analyze the social comments are found in A Fairy Song. This research used the structuralism theory proposed by Strauss, Wellek and Warren. The sociological literary criticism proposed by Marx and Lukacs. The methodology that used in this research is qualitative method approach with the phenomenological approach by Husserl. There are five figurative language contained in A Fairy Song poem such as alliteration, hyperbole, simile, metaphor and personification. The figurative language here is also used as a social commentary which generates criticism of this poem. Social comments are found because of the words that use figurative language to interpret a meaning. The researcher found the social comments from the used of figurative language such as injustice, discrimination and exploitation.
 

The purpose of this research is to find out the effectiveness of small group discussion technique in improving the students’s speaking ability. It will be conduct at SMA Negeri 1 Poigar in one class of the first-year students of the school as the sample. The data were  collected using test in the form of pre-test and post-test. Teaching speaking skill by using small group discussion technique can improve the students’ ability in speaking. Small group discussion technique can give the students opportunity to practice their language. In small group discussion, they can express their ideas and thought freely. It will be better for English teacher to vary the techniques of teaching to avoid boredom that might appear to the students.

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penggunaan gaya Bahasa dan majas dalam album “Ego dan Fungsi Otak” Fourtwnty Banyak musisi Indonesia yang memiliki ciri khas pada lirik lagu yang mereka ciptakan dengan penyampaian yang berbeda juga. Setiap jenis musik memiliki ciri khas dan karakter masing-masing untuk menarik pendengarnya. Salah satunya ialah band Fourtwnty yang terkenal dengan permainan kata yang terdapat dalam setiap lirik lagunya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif, dengan menggunakan Teknik Pustaka. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dalam album “Ego dan Fungsi Otak” Fourtwnty ditemukan beberapa gaya bahasa yaitu: (a) majas perbandingan yang terdiri dari hiperbola, personifikasi, metafora, alegori, sinekdok, sinestesia, dan litotes; (b) majas penegasan yang terdiri dari pleonasme, repitisi, aferesis, elipsis, asonansi, dan retoris; (c) majas sindiran yang terdiri dari sarkasme, ironi, dan sinisme.

Perkembangan teknologi industri 4.0 yang berdampak pada disrupsi teknologi pada berbagai bidang, contohnya bidang pendidikan. Dengan memahami literasi digital tentang implementasi teknologi informasi dan komunikasi dalam bidang pendidikan tentunya teknologi dapat menjadi pendukung utama dalam proses pembelajaran di sekolah khususnya pada SDN 6 Desa Pecatu. Siswa telah mendapatkan fasilitas untuk pembelajaran teknologi informasi dan komunikasi khususnya komputer dasar. Namun belum dimaksimalkan dikarenakan kemampuan dan kecakapan siswa dalam menggunakan aplikasi masih sangat kurang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengimplementasikan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi kepada guru dan siswa dalam mengetahui aplikasi pendukung proses pembelajaran yaitu Microsoft office word. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan responden 15 siswa kelas V dan VI SD N 6 Desa pecatu. Hasil penelitian dengan menerapkan tahapan implementasi TIK pada bidang pendidikan menunjukkan peningkatan pemahaman dan kecakapan siswa dalam penggunakan teknologi serta peningkatan wawasan terhadap literasi digital.
 
 

The main problem in this research is to analyze an educational value in the film "Orang Kaya Baru" which contains the values ​​of life in society. In this film, it depicts a family who has a simple life but does not eliminate the sense of togetherness, they are taught to always be grateful and stay happy in that simplicity, besides that there is a moral message that the author wants to convey about a simple family life and then becoming rich. Objective from study this is known dependency moral messages as well as calculation delivered value in the film This study concludes that the educational values contained in the film "Orang Kaya Baru" are a) social values, namely parents who give advice to their children, please help, until the sense of kinship in the film is lost, b) cultural values, namely when eating, give envelopes. At weddings and eating together with family, c) religious values, namely gratitude, always being patient and not forgetting to always give charity, d) moral values, namely always apologizing, being indifferent, being responsible as a family head, being honest and independent, and creating creative ideas in order to have achievements.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran realistic mathematic education dengan berbantuan media pembelajaran permainan congklak terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa materi KPK dan FPB SD Negeri 4 Purbowangi. Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimen dengan metode quasi experimental design dengan bentuk nonequivalent control group design, karena sampel yang digunakan dipilih secara tidak random. Populasinya adalah seluruh siswa SD Negeri 3 dan 4 Purbowangi. Sampelnya siswa kelas IV SD Negeri 3 Purbowangi sebsgsi kelas eksperimen dan siswa kelas IV SD Negeri 4 Purbowangi sebagai kelas kontrol. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji normalitas, uji homogenitas, dan uji regresi linear sederhana . Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan model pembelajaran realistic mathematic education dengan berbantuan permainan congklak memberikan pengaruh terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,000a < 0,05 dengan menggunakan uji regresi linear sederhana.

Artikel ini menganalisis interpretasi dan metafora yang ada pada lirik lagu Iwan Fals. Penelitian ini juga dilakukan dengan pendekatan hermeneutika yang menunjukkan bahwa hal ini bersifat deskriptif. Metafora juga digunakan dalam lagu "Tikus-tikus Kantor" seperti tikus, kucing dan udang. Salah satu hal yang menarik adalah lirik lagu ini tidak diungkapkan dengan jelas tetapi menggunakan bentuk kiasan. Penelitian telah menunjukkan bahwa lagu tersebut adalah tentang kritik publik terhadap korupsi oleh pejabat pemerintah dan lembaga penegak hokum.

Kalimat tidak efektif merupakan kalimat yang tatarannya tidak sesuai dengan kaidah kebahasan. Dalam penulisan takarir unggahan di Instagram, penggunaan kalimat efektif kerap diabaikan. Padahal semestinya dalam menyampaikan pesan harus menggunakan bahasa yang benar agar tidak tercipta miss communication. Penelitian ini membahas tentang ketidakefektifan kalimat pada unggahan tersebut. Tujuannya adalah untuk mencari wujud kalimat tidak efektif dalam unggahan takarir Instagram yang meliputi ketidakhematan, ketidakpaduan, ketidaksepadanan, dan lain-lain, dengan harapan kita dapat mengimplementasikannya dalam menulis pesan di media sosial. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif kualitatif dengan menunjukkan letak ketidakefektifan kalimat beserta penjelasannya. Data-data penelitian yang dikumpulkan diambil dari empat akun Instagram. Kesalahan yang ditemukan penulis pada unggahan takarir Instagram berupa penggunaan kalimat yang tidak hemat, bertele-tele, tidak  menggunakan bahasa baku, tidak padu, tidak cermat, dan lain-lain. Hasil dari analisis takarir dalam keempat akun tersebut menunjukan adanya kalimat yang tidak efektif, kalimat yang kata tidak baku dan tidak sesuai dengan KBBI, penggunaan bahasa gaul, dan juga bahasa daerah. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa masih banyak dijumpai takarir unggahan di Instagram yang mengabaikan keefektifan kalimat.
 
 
 

This research is mainly intended to reveal the spirit of democracy in Walt Whitman’s I Hear America Singing. This study is regarded as qualitative research. The data were collected from the main source, the poem itself, and from other books as secondary sources. The data analyzed are presented in descriptive form. The expressive approach and mimetic approach are used to analyze the data. The result of the study shows that Walt Whitman, as the poet lifted up the freedom and competence of the common people to the growth of America. They are mechanics, carpenter, mason, boatmen, deckhand, shoemaker, hatter, wood-cutter, ploughboys, mother, young wife and girl. They have dignity and rights to make full use his/her activities as a part of democracy.

The problem faced in this study is how the activity of the technological capabilities of teachers and students in the TPACK approach of elementary school. The purpose of this research is to analyze the technological capabilities of teachers and students in learning with the approach of TPACK. This type of research is qualitative approach. The subjects of this study are teachers and Students of elementary school. Data collection techniques use observations, interviews and documentation. The results of teacher technology capability activities such as learning using software in the form of: Blog, Microsoft Teams, Microsoft 365, Google Meet, Zoom, etc.), the ability to operate technology, learn technology, integrate technology, and use software conference is categorized enough. Teachers still don't meet all categories. While the results of student activities such as learning using software in the form of: Blog, Microsoft Teams, Microsoft 365, Google Meet, Zoom, etc.), the ability to operate technology, learn technology, integrate technology, and use conference software is categorized very well. Because students almost all meet the category.
 

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah semua tema pembelajaran yang terdapat di dalam buku tematik siswa kelas II SD kurikulum 2013 tema 3 “Tugasku Sehari-Hari” sudah sesuai dengan pendekatan saintifik atau masih ditemukan beberapa langkah pembelajaran yang tidak sesuai dengan pendekatan saintifik. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode library research dengan pendekatan kualitatif dengan sumber utama dalam penelitian ini yaitu buku tematik siswa kelas II SD kurikulum 2013 tema 3 “Tugasku Sehari-Hari” penerbit Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan tahun 2017 dan sumber data yang mendukung dalam penelitian ini yaitu buku, jurnal, artikel, website, dan sumber lainnya. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu bahwa buku tematik siswa kelas II SD kurikulum 2013 tema 3 “Tugasku Sehari-Hari” telah memuat aspek-aspek pendekatan saintifik. Adanya aspek-aspek pendekatan saintifik di dalam buku ajar dapat menjadikan kegiatan proses pembelajaran menjadi aktif dan inovatif karena pendekatan saintifik ini merupakan pendekatan yang dijadikan oleh guru untuk mengaktifkan siswa dalam proses pembelajaran. Hal ini sesuai dengan kurikulum 2013 yang dimana guru dituntut untuk menggunakan pendekatan saintifik di dalam proses pembelajarannya terlebih pada mata pelajaran tematik, dan peserta didik juga harus bersifat student centered learning.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penggunaan klausa yang ada dalam cerpen yang berjudul “Cinta Tak Ada Mati” karya Eka kuriawan. Selain itu, dalam penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk menganalisis lebih lanjut mengenai jenis-jenis klausa. Klausa merupakan salah satu satuan sintaksis yang menjadi peranan penting bagi seluk-beluk terbentuknya kalimat. Klausa sendiri berbeda dengan satuan sintaksis lainnya mulai dari jenis, struktur, dan konsepnya. Analisis Klausa pada cerpen “Cinta Tak Ada Mati” Karya Eka Kurniawan ini, dilatar belakangi dengan adanya berbagai jenis klausa. Penelitian yang dilakukan difokuskan pada jenis-jenis klausa itu sendiri. Metode yang digunakan dalam menganalisis cerpen tersebut yakni dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif. Penelitian disajikan dengan memberikan deskripsi dan analisis mengenai jenis-jenis klausa. Kajian mengenai analisis klausa ini dilakukan secara terperinci dan mendalam untuk memperoleh secara jelas, mengenai analisis klausa dalam ilmu sintaksis pada salah satu karya sastra yaitu cerpen. Data pada penelitian ini diperoleh dari cerpen yang berjudul “Cinta Tak Ada Mati” karya Eka Kurniawan yang diterbitkan pada tahun 2018, dengan sub judul “Persekot”. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan Teknik baca dan Teknik catat (Haryadi, Fahmy Zulfa, Utomo, A. P. Y., 2019) . Hasil pada penelitian yang telah dilakukan yakni terdapat beberapa penggolongan klausa yang meliputi fungsi, kategori, dan peran dalam sintaksis yang kemudian dijabarkan melalui jenis klausa. Jenis Klausa tersebut yakni, klausa berdasarkan strukturnya, klausa berdasarkan kategori kata pengisi predikat, dan klausa berdasarkan ada tidaknya bentuk negatif pada predikat. Manfaat dengan adanya analisis ini, yakni pembaca diharapkan mampu menginterpretasi dan mengklasifikasikan jenis klausa berdasarkan kajian sintaksis.
 
 

 
Penerapan dan penggunaan bahan serta buku ajar penting untuk memperhatikan kebutuhan dan kesesuaian dengan kondisi dan lingkungan para siswa. Dalam artikel ini bermaksud untuk melakukan pengembangan bahan ajar dengan sister Teaching Quantum agar terjadi kesesuaian dengan kebutuhan peserta didik, guru element pendidikan lain di sekolah guna maksud dan tujuan serta indikator pembelajaran bisa dicapai dan terpenuhi. Research an development digunakan dalam penelitian ini guna menemukan jawaban dari tujuan di atas dengan menggunakan pendekatan dan langkah sebagai berikut, Penelitian dan penggolongan data, Perencanaan, pengembangan bahan ajar, kegiatan pembelajaran, instrumen juga evaluasi, praktik lapangan, revisi hasil dari uji coba, Ujian lapangan, kualitas produk nilai uji coba, Uji implementasi di lapangan, kualitas produk yang terakhir, Implementasi. Hasil penelitian ini didapat data: pertama, evaluasi dari pakar Bahasa memperoleh nilai 80%, (2) evaluasi dari pakar Media didapat nilai 75.20%. Simpulan, buku ajar pendidikan dasar  bersistem pada pembelajaran quantum bisa di aplikasikan di kelas 7 semester I SLTP di Kab. Malang
 
 

Ketika bersosialisasi, manusia membutuhkan sebuah bahasa sebagai alat komunikasi. Sintaksis adalah salah satu cabangKlinguistik yang mengkaji dan menganalisispsuatuGsatuan kata danNsatuan – satuan lain diLatas kata, hubungan satujdan yang lainnya dengan proses penyusunannyahsehingga jadilah sebagai suatuHbentuk ujaran. Frasa adalah satuanKgramatikalLsintaksis yang terdiriZatas duaOkataKatau bahkan lebihOyang_hanya menduduki satu fungsiOsintaksis dalam suatuOkalimat. Salah satu jenis frasa yang ada yaitu frasa verbal, frasa verbal merupakan satuanLbahasa yang terbentuk dariLdua atau lebih (verbaLsebagaiJintinya), tetapi bentuk satu ini merupakan klausa. Tujuan dari dilakukannya penelitian ini yaitu untuk mendeskripsikan kata yang tergolong dalam frasa verba koordinatif dan frasa verba subordinatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif&kualitatif, yaitu merupakan penelitian yang nantinya akan menghasilkanOdataOtertulis, tentunya berkaitanOdengan&objekOyangOakan diteliti. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan adanya 10 frasa verba, 2 frasa merupakan kategori frasa verba koordinatif dan 8 lainnya merupakan kategori frasa subordinatif. Manfaat dari dilakukannya penelitianPiniPadalahPuntuk menambahKkhasanahLpengetahuan mengenai frasa verba&yang ada pada surat kabar.
 
 

Signals, file size constraints when sending proof of student progress, and processing time, which may be delayed owing to other commitments, are all obstacles to integrating performance during online learning. This is due to differences in the implementation of online and offline performance. As a result, more study is needed to see how online learning activities improve project-based performance. The purpose of this study is to see how online learning habits influence project-based performance. The study included elementary school students. Data was acquired through observation and interviews because this is a qualitative research. In this investigation, observation and interviews were used as techniques. The data analysis strategies employed in this study included data reduction, data display, and data withdrawal/verification. Students' actions are good and in line with performance indicators, according to this study's findings. At SDN Menanggal 601, a project-based demonstration was held as part of this online learning using Google Meet and Microsoft Teams.
 
 

Penelitian pemakaian bahasa sarkasme, bahasa yang bayak kita jumpai di media sosial manapun terutama di instagram. Pembahasan tentang bahasa sarkasme di karena kurangnya pemahaman tentang penegrtia apasi itu sarkasme?. Bertujuan untuk menubah polah pikir yang awalnya negatif menjadi positif dan untuk memberi tahu penuturan kata bahasa yang baik, dampak apa saja yang terdapat pada kata sarkasme,memberikan reflenresi penggunaan tutur bahasa, sumber data atau objek penelitan ini dari instagram dan internet. Dikaji dari akun instagram dan sumber media sosial yang menggunakan kata-kata sarkasme atau kata kasar dan keras dari komentar yang tidak menggunakan bahasa yang sopan.

The purpose of this study was to observe family problems, failures, and selfishness in the film “Nanti Kita Cerita Tentang Hari Ini” by Marchella FP. This film is an adaptation of the novel of the same name and is released in theaters on January 9, 2020. This research was conducted using a qualitative method and contains several values, especially moral values. This study resulted in three findings. First, family is the most important supporter in life. Second, failure is something that cannot be separated from the journey of life that we go through, even failure can be a life lesson so that we can be better in the future. Third, selfishness is a trait that we should not have because this trait can cause negative impacts on ourselves and those around us. This film tells about a family who seems happy but has many secrets. The main character in this film is named " Awan ". After experiencing her first failure, Awan gets acquainted with a man named "Kale". A man who gives new life experiences, about breaking, getting up, falling, growing, missing, and all the fears of humans in general that leads her to know the secrets that occur in her family.

The use of language can be classified into some points. One of them is for criticizing. This paper focused in analyzing the use of language in criticizing.  The data was taken from stand up comedy shows. Qualitative is used in elaborating the data of the research. There are 5 stand up comedy videos that was used as data. This papers used three dimensions of theories, those are context, presupposition and implicature, in order to know how the comic deliver a critique in their stand up comedy. As the result, the use of pragmatic can be showed how language can be applied in giving a critique. The information of context and presupposition support in understanding the implicature of the comics’ utterance.  Briefly, I can conclude that Comic in this paper gave critiques to the government attitude, government policy and enforcer attitude.

The process of build the character can be done by instilling moral values through messages that can be conveyed by parents through various literary media such as, songs, poems, or fairy tales. this study will describe the moral values of humans who relationship with God, self, and with others. This research will use descriptive qualitative method, it means procedure based on descriptive data in the form of oral or written words from research on subjects who have observed and has the characteristics, the data provided is the original data that have been changed by using systematically method and can be accounted for the truth. The data are used from ten English children's songs with the tittle (1) twinkle little star (2) baa baa black sheep (3) you are my sunshine (4) my daddy is the best (5) Please and thank you (6) sorry, excuse me (7) sick song (8) if you’re happy (9) Johny, Johny yes papa (10) Are we there yet? Moral value from human relationship with God, which is obtained from the lyrics of English children's songs relationship with God is a feeling of gratitude for God's power. The moral value of human relations with oneself, in the English children's songs lyrics conveys ways to cultivate self-confidence, joy, and sincere about what happens in this life. moral value that we can get from human Relations with others in English children's song lyrics teach how to behave well with others, respect, and love for others. 

This study aims to canvass views of Sasak personal pronouns used in ‘Pujut’ dialect at Bilelando in 2021\2022. Hence, the significance of this study is linguistics, and cross cultural. It attempts to describe and investigate about forms, types, and distributions of the personal pronouns based on the native’s daily conversations and behaviors. This project applies random sampling technique to take both informants from Bilelando village. The data are collected through observation, note taking, and documentary technique, complemented with qualitative interviews to native speakers of Sasak in ‘Pujut’ dialect, whereas the interviews have provided information that has been organized in supporting and developing themes. The data collected would be qualitative forms and analyzed descriptively. The results show that there are six forms and three types of Sasak personal pronouns in ‘Pujut’ dialect at Bilelando in 2020/2021. in which can be distributed before or after a word or phrase. They even can be distributed as enclitic of a word.

An attempt of diminishing final disability, many students of University have resembled a step of less spirit of Leadership, it is because likely that the goal is to master students in understanding subject according to the meaning, not to the functions.  Furthermore, since communication is a process, it is insufficient for students to simply knowledge of target language forms, meaning and function to teach in easy way is still being puzzled as the creator of Class Explanatory is only a Lecturer and the potential student is not yet immersed to be right hand of Lecturer himself as a second speaker. Classical  methods  are  very  often  because  of  meaningful  learning  or  contextualized  teaching  learning  consideration, in this term we would like to analyze about law students English material which needs an urgency to read a case text for court proceeding as it requires intensive understanding inferential reading to deepen the meaning, therefore it is inevitable to translate local language to English contextually to face moot Court or Simulation Court as The Translated Document could be authentically or Contextually delivered in speech before court officials as a Court Sentence to Inform Foreign Court Officials about Justice Decision. That in this case, lecturer commands students to collect difficult words of Indonesian then they would translate them all in English then Lecture orders them to create an article from collected translates words and changes the words into sentence in the article then Lecture opens election who can lead the classroom as potentially find Indonesian Court Difficult Words Translated in English with Lecture assistant to translate it, the assistant lecture is not mere in duty to collect difficult words from students but also translate it into English as he could before noting it Assistant Lecture felt that he was positioned as a Guidance of the class as he felt motivated to increase his Leadership in maintaining Difficult Words and explained then he was proud for that.

In order to support the smooth teaching and learning process at the State Junior High School (SMP) 2 Lambu, Bima Regency, a department that supports these activities is needed, namely administration. Administration is a part of the school that functions as a supporter of teaching and learning activities that take place at the Junior High School (SMP) Negeri 2 Lambu, Bima Regency so that it runs smoothly according to what has been planned and can be achieved as desired. With the development of the era which is now better known as the era of globalization, the administrative function must be able to improve its quality regarding technology, especially information technology or better known as the computerized era.