Urinary tract examination with the CT-Scan modality is considered superior to other imaging modalities because it produces better image resolution, clear anatomical details, and is able to accurately detect abnormalities. At the Radiology Installation of Brebes Hospital, the CT-Scan Urography examination is carried out without fasting requirements. Patients are only asked to remove metal objects from the abdominal area and hold urination before the examination begins. This aims to keep the urinary bladder (VU) fully filled so that it facilitates the evaluation of the anatomy of the urinary system, especially in detecting kidney stones which are the main complaints of patients. This study aims to find out in detail the procedure for CT-Scan Urography clinical urography of kidney stones, as well as the reasons why patients are asked to hold urination and are not asked to fast before the procedure is performed. The research method used is a mix method, which is a combination of qualitative and quantitative, with data collection through observation, interviews, and documentation. The research sample consisted of 3 patients who underwent CT-Scan Urography clinical examination of kidney stones at the Radiology Installation of Brebes Hospital. The results of the study showed that the procedure started from the patient's preparation, such as removing metal objects, drinking mineral water, and holding urination so that the VU was fully filled, thus helping the visualization of organs and urinary tract. This examination does not require fasting because the CT-Scan modality is able to provide a clear picture of the anatomy of the urinary tract without interference from the digestive system. These findings confirm that the CT-Scan Urography procedure at Brebes Hospital is simple, effective, practical, and provides optimal diagnostic results for patients.

Antenatal Care (ANC) is an essential component of maternal health services that plays a vital role in maintaining the health of the mother and fetus during pregnancy and delivery. In Indonesia, coverage of ANC services K1 has reached 100%, but coverage of K4 has only reached 78% and has not met the national target. A case study in Sidenreng Rappang Regency showed better results with K1 coverage of 98% and K4 reaching 97%, although there is still room for improvement. This quantitative study with a cross-sectional design aims to analyze the relationship between maternal knowledge, attitudes, and husband's support factors on the utilization of ANC services at the Compong Village Health Post. The study population included 190 mothers with toddlers registered at the Compong Village Health Post. Sampling was carried out using the Slovin formula with a 95% confidence level and a 5% margin of error, resulting in 127 respondents as the research sample. The data collection method was carried out through a structured questionnaire containing questions about respondent characteristics, level of knowledge, attitudes towards ANC, and level of husband's support. Data analysis used the Chi-Square statistical test with a significance level of p<0.05 to determine the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. The results revealed several important findings. First, there was a significant relationship (p=0.002) between maternal knowledge and utilization of ANC services. Second, maternal attitudes also showed a significant relationship (p=0.001) with the frequency of ANC visits. Third, husband's support was shown to have a significant influence (p=0.003) on maternal participation in ANC programs. These findings confirm the multifactorial role in determining ANC service utilization. Practical implications of this study include recommendations for improving health education programs that not only target pregnant women but also actively involve husbands.

Gross motor development in toddlers (aged 1–3 years) serves as a crucial foundation for their physical, cognitive, and social growth. Parental knowledge about the stages of this development is essential for providing appropriate stimulation and early detection of developmental delays. However, studies indicate that many parents, particularly in developing countries such as Indonesia, still have limited understanding, potentially hindering the optimal development of their children. This study aims to analyze parental knowledge of gross motor development in toddlers through a systematic literature review (SLR) of 20 selected studies conducted between 2020 and 2025. The findings reveal variability in parental knowledge levels, with education, access to digital information, and the role of healthcare professionals identified as key determinants. Recommended interventions include community-based education programs via posyandu (integrated health posts) for rural areas and the use of digital platforms for urban populations, supported by multisectoral policy integration to ensure program effectiveness and sustainability.

Sports are an important physical activity to engage in, but they can also lead to issues such as injuries, particularly for futsal players. The risk of injury is higher in sports that involve physical contact with opponents, such as futsal, and athletes who have experienced injuries may experience anxiety. This research used a cross-sectional design and a descriptive research methodology. The sample consisted of 18 respondents obtained through purposive sampling. Data analysis techniques used descriptive percentages. The results of the study showed that the anxiety levels of the respondents were categorized as “very low” 0 (0%), “low” 7 players (39%), “moderate” 3 players (16%), ‘high’ 7 players (39%), and “very high” 1 player (6%). Based on the average value of “27.11,” the anxiety level of UNESA futsal players falls into the “moderate” category. The injury levels of the respondents were as follows: “Level 1 injury” for 5 respondents (28%), “Level 2 injury” for 11 respondents (61%), and “Level 3 injury” for 2 respondents (11%). The injury levels of the respondents were categorized as “Level 2 Injury.” The conclusion of this study is categorized as “Moderate” with a percentage of 27.11%.

Research Objectives: Mental and psychological health are key assets for athletes to achieve success. One psychological aspect is self-confidence and anxiety prior to a match. Currently, these aspects significantly influence an athlete's ability to understand the game pattern. Therefore, knowledge regarding anxiety and self-confidence in athletes before a match begins is necessary. Purpose : This study aims to determine the levels of anxiety and self-confidence among male futsal athletes before a match. Methods:  The methodology employed is quantitative descriptive, utilizing a questionnaire comprising 31 items administered to 12 male futsal athletes. Data were analyzed descriptively using percentages and categorized according to the categories corresponding to each score obtained. Results will be presented using tables and frequency diagrams. Results: The study found that 75% of athletes still had high anxiety levels and 75% had high self-confidence levels. The lowest anxiety score was 8.33%, and self-confidence scores were in the high and very high categories. Conclusion: It is recommended that athletes regularly engage in mental training to reduce anxiety levels and maintain and enhance self-confidence, thereby optimizing performance during matches. Additionally, further research is needed involving a larger and more diverse sample, including gender differences, to identify other influencing factors.

Poromas are benign neoplasms composed of epithelial cells that show tubular differentiation, which arises from the intraepidermal part of the eccrine of the sweat glands. This lesion can resemble melanoma or non melanoma.1,2 Case description We reported a case of eccrine poroma in a man, Mr. ES, 50 years old, with complaints of a lump in the head of the temporal region of the region. On macroscopic examination, a blackish-brown scalp tissue size 2x1x0.5 was received, the surface was uneven, the consistency was springy. Microscopic examination of squamous epithelial coating with round, oval, monotone, smooth chromatin, eosinophilic cytoplasm appear. In the sub-epithelium, there is a mass of tumors consisting of proliferative eccrine glands, in groups forming islands, with cuboidal coatings, with round, oval, monotonous nuclei, fine chromatin, eosinophilic cytoplasm. The stroma consists of fibrous connective tissue and blood vessels. The sebaceous glands, hair follicles and infiltration of lymphocyte cells appear. Discussion and conclusions: Based on the results of histopathological examination, it can be concluded as eccrine poroma. In this case electrosurgery is performed, removal with the help of a carbon dioxide laser, or excision surgery can be performed.

Exclusive breastfeeding plays a crucial role in reducing neonatal mortality rates, preventing growth disorders, and enhancing immunological resilience. However, adherence to exclusive breastfeeding practices remains below the targeted level. This study aims to analyze the relationship between maternal characteristics, knowledge, and family support with the success of exclusive breastfeeding in infants. A cross-sectional design was used, conducted at the UPTD Sawang Health Center, South Aceh Regency, during February–March 2025. The population consisted of all mothers with infants aged 7–12 months visiting the health center, totaling 120 individuals. A sample of 97 respondents was selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire, followed by data processing that included response completeness checks, variable coding, and data entry. Data analysis comprised univariate analysis to present the frequency distribution of maternal characteristics and knowledge, and bivariate analysis using the Chi-Square (χ²) test with a significance level of α=0.05 to test the hypotheses. The results showed that maternal employment was significantly associated with the success of exclusive breastfeeding (p < 0.001), whereas maternal education (p = 0.566), income (p = 0.915), maternal knowledge (p = 0.351), and family support (p = 0.252) were not significantly related. In conclusion, maternal employment has a significant relationship with exclusive breastfeeding success

Sugar level disease or commonly called diabetes mellitus is a degenerative disease that rarely heals, often affecting health so that the quality of life can decrease. The purpose of writing this study is to find out what demographic relationship factors have an impact on the Quality of Life of Patients with Sugar Mellitus Disease or also known as Diabetes Mellitus at Hospital X. This quantitative research uses a research design on the cross sectional method. The research sample totaling 47 respondents was selected through total sampling techniques. Data was collected through the WHOQol-Bref survey instrument. The data analysis in this study applied the kendal test and the Chi-Square  test to test the relationship between the variables studied. After the research was carried out, a result was obtained that showed demographic factors, namely the age factor to the quality of life had a relationship and as seen from the kendal test with a value of Sig. 0.003 which was below 0.05), other demographic factors there were gender factors that had a relationship with quality of life which was shown through the chi-square test where  the Continuity Correction value sig = 0.022 < 0.05), In addition to demographic factors of age and gender, there are also demographic factors that have a relationship with quality of life, namely the work factor shown in the Chi-square  Test with a value of Continuity Correction sig = 0.008 < 0.05), and there are demographic factors, namely education factors and marital status factors that are not related to the quality of life of people with sugar level disease or diabetes mellitus. For the education factor shown in the kendal test where the sig value = 0.871 > 0.05), and marital status is shown in the Chi-square test based on the Pearson Chi-Square Sig value = 0.594 > 0.05), there are also demographic factors that have a relationship with quality of life, namely the long-suffering factor shown by the Chisquare test with the Pearson Chi-Square Sig value = 0.014 < 0.05). To break the chain of diabetes mellitus, actions are carried out for health workers to be able to anticipate, including periodic socialization to the community about the dangers of diabetes mellitus so that it can help people improve their quality of life by maintaining a healthy diet.

Acne vulgaris is a common form of inflammation that affects the polysebaceous unit, and is common among young adults and adolescents. Acne vulgaris is characterized by the presence of papules, comedones, nodules and pustules. This study aims to examine the relationship between sunscreen use and the severity of acne vulgaris in medical faculty students at Muhammadiyah University, Semarang. This study used a cross-sectional design. The sample in this study were students from the medical faculty at Muhammadiyah University, Semarang, who were included in the inclusion criteria. This research data was taken through a questionnaire distributed via zoom meeting. Data analysis in this study used the Spearman Rank test. The results of the analysis, it was found that there was a relationship between the use of sunscreen and the degree of acne vulgaris in medical faculty students at Muhammadiyah University, Semarang. (p = 0.041).

Pregnancy is divided into three stages: the first trimester, second trimester, and third trimester. During pregnancy, the body undergoes various changes that can cause discomfort. Common discomforts experienced by pregnant women include varicose veins, back pain, muscle and joint aches, and lower back pain. These discomforts can be alleviated through pregnancy exercise (prenatal yoga or maternity gymnastics). The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between pregnant women’s knowledge about the benefits of pregnancy exercise and the childbirth process at Ampelgading Public Health Center. The research design used was descriptive quantitative. The population consisted of 35 pregnant women in May 2025, with a total sampling technique. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using univariate analysis. The results showed that 36 respondents (50.0%) had moderate knowledge, 25 respondents (34.7%) had poor knowledge, and 11 respondents (15.3%) had good knowledge about pregnancy exercise. Overall, most pregnant women had a moderate level of knowledge. Based on the Spearman Rank statistical test with a 95% confidence level, the P-value was 0.000 (< 0.05), indicating a statistically significant relationship. The conclusion of this study is that there is a relationship between pregnant women's knowledge of the benefits of pregnancy exercise and the childbirth process at Ampelgading Public Health Center.

Cystography examination technique with clinical Bladder Stone in the Radiology Installation of RSPAU dr. Suhardi Hardjolukito in the AnteroPosterior (AP) projection uses a perpendicular vertical beam direction. Meanwhile, according to Lampignano & Kendrick, (2018) Cystography examination in the AnteroPosterior (AP) projection, the beam direction is angled 10˚-15˚ towards the caudad. The purpose of this study was to determine the Cystography examination procedure and the role of the antero posterior (AP) projection in cystography examination with clinical bladder stone using a perpendicular beam direction to the image receptor in the Radiology Installation of RSPAU dr. Suhardi Hardjolukito. This research method uses qualitative descriptive with a case study approach. This research was conducted at the Radiology Installation of RSPAU dr. Suhardi Hardjolukito from March to May 2025. The objects in this study were patients undergoing Cystography examination, with the research subjects consisting of one patient who experienced a case of Batu Buli. After the data was reduced, the data presentation was carried out in narrative form and then reviewed with a theoretical basis so that conclusions could be drawn. The results of this study indicate that the examination procedure for Cystography with clinical Batu Buli at the Radiology Installation of RSPAU dr. Suhardi Hardjolukito includes patient preparation, preparation of tools and materials, examination techniques, and gradual injection of contrast media. The gradual administration of contrast medium is effective for monitoring the patient's condition and preventing complications such as bladder rupture. This modification of the technique demonstrates that standard procedures can be adapted while maintaining optimal diagnostic quality.

The Dayak Sanggau community practices a number of cultural traditions during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period, reflecting a blend of spiritual beliefs and medical needs. This study employed a qualitative method with a literature review (library research) approach to explore pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum practices among the Dayak Sanggau people. The findings identified supportive practices such as spousal involvement and basic check-ups by traditional midwives, as well as potentially harmful practices including non-sterile vaginal examinations, childbirth in the kitchen area, and the use of alcoholic herbal concoctions for infants. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of understanding local culture and integrating medical education so that positive traditional practices can be preserved, while risky ones are minimized through culturally sensitive interventions.

Diabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication that often occurs in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus and is a major cause of blindness in older adults and the elderly. This study aims to describe the characteristics of diabetic retinopathy in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus through a literature review of 10 journals published between 2022 and 2025. The results of the analysis show that the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy globally reaches 35%, with the main risk factors including long duration of diabetes (>5 years), high HbA1c levels (>7%), and poor glycemic control. The majority of cases of diabetic retinopathy are found in the non-proliferative stage (65%), which is characterized by microaneurysms and retinal hemorrhages, while the proliferative stage is less common but has a high risk of causing blindness. The study also revealed that patients with comorbidities such as hypertension and dyslipidemia tend to experience more severe diabetic retinopathy. Further stages of diabetic retinopathy if not managed properly can cause vision-threatening conditions. However, low patient compliance in metabolic control and eye examination is a major challenge. Management of diabetic retinopathy requires a holistic approach that includes patient education, regular screening, and comprehensive risk factor control to prevent progression of diabetic retinopathy and maintain the quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem in toddlers caused by a lack of nutritional intake for a long time so that the child becomes too short for his age. Based on the results of the Indonesian Nutrition Standards Survey (SSGI) in 2022 in Riau province, it reached 17.0%. The prevalence rate of stunting in Pekanbaru reached around 16.8% in 2022. According to the Health Office in 2022, Lima Puluh Health Center recorded the highest prevalence of stunting at 4.47% or 60 cases. One of the risk factors that contributes to stunting is the low coverage of complete basic immunization, which can prevent infectious diseases that can interfere with children's growth and development. However, the lack of public knowledge and awareness of the importance of complete basic immunization increases the risk of infection. The long-term impacts of stunting include cognitive impairment, developmental delays, and low productivity in the future. Knowing the relationship between the completeness of basic immunization and the incidence of stunting in toddlers aged 24-36 months in the Lima Puluh Health Center work area, Pekanbaru City. to determine the relationship between the completeness of basic immunization and the incidence of stunting in toddlers aged 24-36 months in the Lima Puluh Health Center work area, Pekanbaru City. From the results of data analysis, a relationship has been found between the completeness of immunization and the incidence of stunting in toddlers aged 24-36 months in the Lima Puluh Health Center work area (p-value = 0.03; OR of 11.66; (95% CI = 1.22-110.95). Completeness of basic immunization is related and is a risk factor for stunting in toddlers aged 24-36 months in the Limapuluh Health Center work area.

Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death in Indonesia. CHD is a disease caused by blockages in blood vessels (atherosclerosis) that disrupt blood flow to the heart. There are several risk factors for CHD, including smoking and hypertension. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between smoking and hypertension in patients with CHD. This research method uses the methodliterature review. Data were obtained from secondary data using documentation techniques. This documentation was done by searching for articles through Google Scholar and Pubmed. The selected articles were in accordance with the research variables and inclusion criteria. The articles were analyzed using the procedurecompare, contrast, criticize, synthesize, dan summarize. From the study, 3 articles were obtained that had data related to smoking and CHD variables (p < 0.05) and 3 articles that had data related to hypertension and CHD variables (p < 0.05). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between smoking and hypertension in CHD patients.

Daun meniran dan daun kenikir adalah tanaman herbal yang bermanfaat dalam menyembuhkan luka sayat. Manfaat tersebut didukung senyawa yang terkandung didalam daun meniran dan daun kenikir yaitu saponin, flavonoid, alkaloid, tannin, steroid, terpenoid. Penelitian bertujuan untuk melihat kecepatan proses penyembuhan luka sayatan dengan menggunakan gel kombinasi ekstrak daun meniran dan daun kenikir. Hewan percobaan yang digunakan berupa tikus putih jantan, berjumlah 25 ekor dengan masing-masing kelompok perlakuan berjumlah 5 ekor yaitu kelompok kontrol positif (Bioplacenton®), kontrol negatif (basis), dan kelompok perlakuan variasi kombinasi ekstrak daun meniran : daun kenikir (10%:15%,15% :10%,20%:5%). Pengamatan dilakukan selama 14 hari, kemudian data yang didapatkan diolah dengan One Way Anova dan post hock test tukey. Hasil yang didapatkan dalam penelitian menunjukkan formula yang mampu memberikan kesembuhan luka paling cepat adalah formula 1 dengan variasi konsentrasi ekstrak daun meniran : daun kenikir 10%:15%, yaitu pada hari ke 4.

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world, with the incidence rate continuing to increase every year. Conventional treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy often have limitations, especially related to selectivity towards cancer cells and toxic side effects caused to normal cells. Therefore, an alternative approach that is more effective and safe is needed. One promising approach is the utilization of bioactive compounds from natural materials that are optimized through a medicinal chemistry approach. This study aims to examine the potential of natural compounds such as epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) from green tea, berberine from Berberis vulgaris, curcumin from turmeric (Curcuma longa), and cardiotonic steroids (CTS) from Digitalis purpurea and Nerium oleander as anticancer agents, as well as their optimization strategies through structural modification, increased stability, and modern delivery technology. The method used is a systematic literature review of scientific articles from 2020 to 2025 obtained through the PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases. The results of the study indicate that these compounds have various anticancer mechanisms of action, such as apoptosis induction, cell cycle inhibition, and activation of specific signaling pathways such as PI3K/Akt, MAPK, and ferroptosis. However, challenges such as low bioavailability, poor stability, and toxicity are still obstacles in their application. Through a medicinal chemistry approach, these compounds can be structurally modified or reformulated to improve their clinical effectiveness. In conclusion, the combination of natural wealth with medicinal chemistry innovation opens up great opportunities in the development of more selective, effective, and safe anticancer therapies in the future.
 
 

This study aims to analyze the Pareto distribution of stock quality in 16 Apotek Kimia Farma outlets in Southeast Sulawesi during the period of January to October 2024, with a focus on inventory management based on ABC analysis. The research employed a descriptive quantitative design with a longitudinal (time series) approach, involving descriptive, trend, comparative, and correlation analyses to evaluate stock distribution and its stability. The findings show that, overall, the stock distribution in Kimia Farma outlets follows the Pareto principle, with category A accounting for an average of 73-86% of total sales value. However, significant variations were found across outlets, with outlets such as KF 004 and KF Hasanuddin Kendari showing high stability in category A distribution, while outlets like KF BULOG and KF Kolaka exhibited greater fluctuations. Seasonal patterns were also identified, with a decrease in category A percentages in April-May and October. Based on these findings, optimizing inventory management strategies based on Pareto distribution can enhance stock management efficiency, with recommendations to focus on category A, conduct regular evaluations of categories B and C, and adjust for seasonal patterns. This study suggests the implementation of more flexible inventory management strategies for each outlet to improve operational efficiency and customer service.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease that attacks the skin and can occur at any age with various clinical variations. The diagnosis is generally made clinically, but in atypical cases a biopsy is required for confirmation. The combination of clinical and histopathological examination provides more accurate diagnosis results. This study aims to assess the suitability of clinical diagnosis and histopathological examination results in psoriasis vulgaris in Semarang Regency. This cross-sectional observational study was conducted by the department of dermatology, venereology and aesthetics at Diponegoro University. A total of 10 samples were clinically diagnosed as psoriasis vulgaris or other morphological types of psoriasis vulgaris at a Dermatology Polyclinic in Semarang Regency, over a period of 2 years. The clinical manifestations of 10 cases with a clinical diagnosis of psoriasis vulgaris assessed from the typical predilection and the presence of scaly plaques tended to be consistent with the histopathological diagnosis but were not statistically significant. Concordance between clinical diagnosis and histopathological diagnosis was observed in 8 (80%) cases and discordance in 2 (20%) cases. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that there is a high level of agreement (80%) between clinical diagnosis and histopathological features in cases of psoriasis vulgaris.

Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) is a manifestation of malnutrition characterized by an inadequate energy intake over a prolonged period in pregnant women, resulting in adverse health outcomes due to a relative or absolute deficiency of one or more essential nutrients. The 2023 SKI results indicate that malnutrition among pregnant women remains a problem, with nearly 3 out of 10 pregnant women experiencing anemia and 17% at risk of CED. According to data from the Jambi City Health Office, Putri Ayu Public Health Center (Puskesmas Putri Ayu) has the highest number of CED cases, with 67 affected pregnant women. The main objective of this study is to explain the underlying factors contributing to the high prevalence of Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) and to inform the development of evidence-based health interventions aimed at reducing this condition. This study employed a quantitative research method with a case-control design. The sampling technique used was purposive total sampling, involving 78 pregnant women in the Putri Ayu Public Health Center area, Jambi City. Data collection was conducted in October 2024, using a questionnaire as the research instrument. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test. The results showed a significant relationship between CED and parity (p=0.034), anemia (p=0.013), attitude (p=0.000), and the role of health workers (p=0.000). No significant relationship was found between CED and age (p=1.000), pregnancy spacing (p=0.615), and knowledge (p=0.359) in pregnant women. The findings indicate that parity, anemia, attitude, and the role of health workers are significantly associated with the occurrence of CED in pregnant women, while age, pregnancy spacing, and knowledge are not significantly associated.

Tahu adalah makanan yang dibuat dari kacang kedelai yang difermentasikan dan diambil sarinya. Penggunaan Bahan Tambahan Pangan (BTP) dalam proses produksi pangan perlu diwaspadai. Boraks dilarang digunakan dalam BTP karena dapat menyebabkan gangguan otak, hati dan ginjal, penggunaan boraks dalam jangka panjang dapat menyebabkan kematian. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membuktikan ada tidaknya kadar boraks dalam tahu yang diproduksi diberbagai tempat dikota Ambon. Sampel tahu yang diteliti adalah sampel A (Pabrik tahu sumber rezeki) dan Sampel B (Pabrik tahu A sukarti), kemudian kadar boraks diamati menggunakan metode uji nyala, metode uji kertas tumerik dan metode spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Pada uji nyala, sampel di katakan  mengandung boraks jika memberi nyala api berwarna hijau. Untuk uji warna kertas tumerik, sampel di katakan mengandung boraks jika kertas tumerik berubah warna menjadi merah kecoklatan. Metode spektrofotometri di lakukan dengan penentuan panjang gelombang, pembuatan kurva standar boraks dan penetapan kadar boraks dalam sampel. Hasil penelitian percobaan identifikasi boraks dalam sampel tahu dengan uji nyala dan uji warna kertas tumerik diketahui bahwa kedua sampel yang diuji tidak mengandung bahan pengawet berbahaya yaitu boraks. Hasil analisis boraks menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis menunjukkan bahwa kadar boraks pada sampel A (Pabrik tahu sumber rezeki) adalah 0,07% dan sampel B (Pabrik tahu A sukarti) adalah 0,09 %

Rumput laut atau alga (euceuma cottanii) telah dimanfaatkan penduduk pantai di Indonesia untuk bahan pangan dan obat-obatan. Negara kepulauan, Indonesia dapat memanfaatkan sumber daya perairan dengan maksimal untuk di jadi suatu produk farmasi. ,mengandung senyawa biokimia sebagai metabolik sekunder salah satunya sebagai aktivitas antibakti, Penilitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol pada Eucheuma Cottonii dapat menghambat bakteri Staphylococcus Aureus. Metode yang di gunakan yaitu difusi sumuran dan metode in nova. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan uji skrining fitokimia dan uji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak rumput laut hijau (euceuma cottanii) dengan menggunakan pelarut etanol 70%. Ekstraksi rumput laut hijau (euceuma cottanii) dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode maserasi untuk mendapatkan ekstrak. Hasil uji skrining fitokimia ekstrak etanol 70% rumput laut hijau (euceuma cottanii) memiliki kandungan metabolit sekunder seperti : flavonoid dan steroid. Ekstrak rumput laut hijau (euceuma cottanii) mempunyai kemampuan menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri staphylococus aureus dengan diameter zona hambat terbesar yaitu pada kosentrasi 30% sebesar 19 mm, dan diameter yang terkecil pada kosentrasi 10% sebesar 15 mm. Maka dapat di Simpulkan bahwa Hasil uji skrining fitokimia ekstrak etanol 70% rumput laut hijau (euceuma cottanii) memiliki kandungan metabolit sekunder seperti : flavonoid dan steroid. Ekstrak rumput laut hijau (euceuma cottanii) mempunyai kemampuan menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri staphylococus aureus dengan diameter zona hambat terbesar yaitu pada kosentrasi 30% sebesar 19 mm, dan diameter yang terkecil pada kosentrasi 10% sebesar 15 mm.

Daun pala (Myristica fragrans) gunakan masyarakat untuk mengobati bebrapa penyakit seperti nyeri. Bahan kimia yang terkandung dalam daun pala seperti saponin, polifenol, flavanoid, dan minyak atsiri. Untuk membuktikan aktivitas ekstrak etanol daun pala (myristica fragrans) terhadap aorta tikus (rattus norvegicus) diabetes. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian yang bersifat eksperimen laboratorium (laboratory experimen) secara in vivo menggunakan hewan coba tikus putih (rattus norvegicus) jantan galur wistar. Daun pala menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Diperoleh hasil maserasi sebanyak 300 g, dipekatkan dengan alat rotary evaporator diperoleh ekstrak kental sebanyak 42,673 g dengan %rendamen sebesar 14,23%. Didapatkan gambaran histologi terdapat lumen diameter yang lebih tipis dan lebih lebar dan sel busa pada bagian tunika intima dan media aorta tikus.

HNP (Hernia Nucleus Pulposus) terjadinya ketika nucleus pulposus keluar menonjol kemudian tonjolan tersebut menekan ke arah canalis spinalis melalui Annulus fibrosus yang robek, dan sering terjadi pada lumbal 4 – 2 lumbal 5 dan lumbar 5 – sacrum 1, MRI merupakan salah satu modalitas yang dapat menegakkan diagnose terhadap HNP, dengan menggunakan Teknik Fat Supression dalam penerapannya. Dixon dan Fat Saturation merupakan terknik fat suppression yang sering digunakan, akan tetapi memiliki kelebihan dan kekurangan dalam hasil gambaran maupun waktu akuisisi, maka penelitian ini membandingkan kedua Teknik tersebut dalam supressi lemak terhadap pasien HNP, dilihat dari hasil gambaran, homogenitas, dan hasil informasi citra anatomi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif eksperimental untuk membandingkan informasi anatomi antara T2WI TSE Fat Saturation dan T2WI Dixon potongan sagittal guna mengetahui informasi anatomi yang terbaik dengan 10 Pasien klinis HNP pada pemeriksaan MRI Lumbal. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa Teknik Dixon lebih unggul dibandingkan dengan Fat Saturation dalam supresi lemak pada klinis HNP, Dixon tampak lebih homogen dalam keseluruhan gambar, akan tetapi terdapat perbedaan waktu akuisisi dari kedua sekuen yang signifikan, Dixon mengahbiskan waktu rata rata 4-5 menit dalam1 sekuen dan Fat Saturation 1-2 menit. Hal ini dapat menjadi sebuah pertimbangan praktisi MRI dalam pemeriksaan MRI Lumbal pada klinis HNP untuk mengurangi motion artefact terhadap pasien HNP dengan gradasi tinggi.

Kebutuhan darah di Kabupaten Nagekeo cukup tinggi, namun ketersediaan darah masih terbatas. Hal tersebut menggambarkan kurangnya kesadaran dan minat dalam mendonorkan darah. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Instansi Polres Nagekeo NTT dengan pertimbangan bahwa instansi Polres sering menjadi tempat rujukan bagi pihak yang membutuhkan bantuan donor darah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan minat donor darah pada anggota Polres Nagekeo NTT. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif analitik jenis korelasi dengan desain cross sectional. Subjek penelitian ini hanya dibatasi pada anggota kepolisian yang bertugas pada instansi Polres Nagekeo, tidak termasuk anggota kepolisian yang bertugas pada Polsek. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah keseluruhan anggota Polres Nagekeo yang berjumlah 142 orang, dan sampelnya sebanyak 60 orang. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik simple random sampling karena teknik pengambilan sampel ini memberikan kesempatan yang sama kepada setiap anggota populasi untuk diambil sebagai sampel. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan dengan minat donor darah pada anggota Polres Nagekeo NTT, yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai signifikansi 0,001 atau lebih kecil dari 0,05. Dilihat dari nilai Pearson Correlation dengan nilai 0,431 maka arah hubungan dua variabel ini bernilai positif, sehingga dapat disimpulkan pengetahuan tentang donor darah berhubungan secara positif terhadap minat donor darah dengan derajat hubungan korelasi yang cukup kuat.
 

Abstrack
The Intra Uterin Device (IUD) Family Planning (FP) Program in Indonesia has been declared less successful, in its implementation until now it has experienced obstacles that are felt, among others, there are still many PUS who are not interested in using IUD. Data from the Batam City Health Office in 2018 obtained the use of IUD as much as 3.8%, Implant 5.6% FOM 0.6% and MOM 0.3%. From these data, it was obtained that the use of IUD birth control was still very low compared to Implant.The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between husband support and maternal interest in the selection of IUD contraceptives in the work area of the Bulang Health Center, Batam City.This study used an analytical design with a cross-sectional design. The sample selection was carried out by purposive sampling of 64 respondents. The independent variable in this study was husband support, while the dependent variable was the mother's interest in the selection of IUD contraceptives. Data collection of independent and dependent variables using questionnaire measuring instruments. Data processing includes editing, coding, scoring, tabulating. The analysis used is a univariate analysis using a frequency table to describe each variable and bivariate analysis using the Chi-Squere test.The results of the analysis using the Chi Square Test obtained probability values (p value) = 0.001 (p value >0.05). 

Mental disorders are one of the public health problems in Indonesia. In general, mental disorders are caused by psychological pressure both from outside the individual and from within the individual. Some of the things that cause this is the ignorance of the family and society about this mental disorder (Hawari, 2007). According to WHO or the World Health Organization (2002) states that the prevalence of mental health problems is currently quite high, 25% of the world's population has suffered from mental health problems, 1% of which are severe mental disorders. The potential for a person to be susceptible to mental disorders is indeed high, every time 450 million people around the world are affected by mental, nervous, and behavioral problems. One form of mental disorder that is found throughout the world is a severe mental disorder, namely Schizophrenia (Hawari, 2007). Schizophrenia comes from two words, namely schizo which means cracked or broken and phrenia which means soul. Thus, people who suffer from schizophrenic mental disorders are people who experience mental fractures or personality cracks. Schizophrenia can arise because of the integration between biological, psychosocial and environmental factors (Sinaga, 2007). In schizophrenic patients there is personal disintegration and personal division. Emotional and intellectual behavior becomes ambiguous (compound), and has serious disorders and has regression or total dementia. Schizophrenic patients escape from the reality of life and remain silent in their fantasy world (Kartono, 2010).
 

The Intra Uterin Device (IUD) Family Planning (FP) Program in Indonesia has been declared less successful, in its implementation until now it has experienced obstacles that are felt, among others, there are still many PUS who are not interested in using IUD. Data from the Batam City Health Office in 2018 obtained the use of IUD as much as 3.8%, Implant 5.6% FOM 0.6% and MOM 0.3%. From these data, it was obtained that the use of IUD birth control was still very low compared to Implant.The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between husband support and maternal interest in the selection of IUD contraceptives in the work area of the Bulang Health Center, Batam City.This study used an analytical design with a cross-sectional design. The sample selection was carried out by purposive sampling of 64 respondents. The independent variable in this study was husband support, while the dependent variable was the mother's interest in the selection of IUD contraceptives. Data collection of independent and dependent variables using questionnaire measuring instruments. Data processing includes editing, coding, scoring, tabulating. The analysis used is a univariate analysis using a frequency table to describe each variable and bivariate analysis using the Chi-Squere test.The results of the analysis using the Chi Square Test obtained probability values (p value) = 0.001 (p value >0.05). 

Tuberkulosis merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh infeksi Mycobacterium tuberkulosis. Umumnya setelah masuk ke dalam tubuh melalui rongga pernapasan, bakteri ini akan menuju ke paruparu.Tetapi bukan hanya di paruparu,bakteri ini juga dapat menuju organ tubuh lain,seperti ginjal, limpa, tulang dan otak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya Hubungan antara kejadian penyakit Tuberculosis paru dengan beberapa faktor kondisi rumah yaitu Kepadatan penghuni, Kamarisasi, Ventilasi, suhu, kelembaban, dan pencahayaan . Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian observasional dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional. Dengan Uji Chi-Square, adapun sampel dalam penelitian ini yaitu 65 rumah. Hasil dari penelitian ini didapatkan kepadatan penghuni yang memenuhi syarat dan menderita penyakit TBC paru yaitu 11 rumah dan tidak memenuhi syarat sebanyak 39 rumah, yang tidak menderita dan memenuhi syarat sebanyak 14 rumah dan yang tidak memenuhi syarat yaitu 1 rumah. Kamarisasi yang memenuhi syarat dan menderita sebanyak 12 rumah dan tidak memenuhi syarat sebanyak 38 rumah, yang tidak menderita dan memenuhi syarat yaitu 15 rumah dan tidak memenuhi syarat yaitu 0 rumah. Ventilasi yang memenuhi syarat dan menderita sebanyak 15 rumah dan tidak memenuhi syarat sebanyak 35, yang tidak menderita dan memenuhi syarat yaitu 14 rumah dan tidak memenuhi syarat yaitu 1 rumah. Suhu yang memenuhi syarat dan menderita sebanyak 15 rumah dan tidak memenuhi syarat sebanyak 35 rumah, yang tidak menderita dan memenuhi syarat yaitu 14 dan tidak memenuhi syarat yaitu 1 rumah. Kelembaban yang memenuhi syarat dan menderita sebanyak 22 rumah dan tidak memenuhi syarat sebanyak 28 rumah, yang tidak menderita dan memenuhi syarat yaitu 14 rumah dan tidak memenuhi syarat yaitu 1 rumah.Pencahayaan yang tidak memenuhi syarat dan menderita sebanyak 17 rumah dan tidak memenuhi syarat sebanyak 33 rumah yang tidak menderita dan memenuhi syarat yaitu 4 rumah dan tidak memenuhi syarat yaitu 11 rumah. Kesimpulan yang didapatkan yaitu ada hubungan yang signifikan antara TBC paru dengan Kepadatan penghuni, Kamarisasi, Ventilasi, Suhu,dan Kelembaban,Tidak ada hubungan anatara TBC paru dengan Pencahayaan terhadap kejadian penyakit Tuberculosis Paru . Maka itu disarankan untuk mengadakan penyuluhan tentang bahaya serta penanganan penyakit Tuberculosi Paru secara rutin oleh tenaga kesehatan terkait PHBS.
 
 

Application of generalist therapy in Schizophrenic Patients with Nursing Problems Hearing Hallucinations
 
Auditory hallucinations are hearing voices or noises that are less clear or clear, where sometimes these sounds are like talking to the patient and sometimes ordering the patient to do something. If auditory hallucinations cannot be controlled, it can result or impact injuring oneself, others and the environment.
The purpose of this case study is to determine the implementation of generalist therapy in schizophrenia patients with auditory hallucinations nursing problems at the Avicenna Clinic Makassar. This scientific paper uses a case study method design with a nursing process approach consisting of assessment, diagnosis, intervention, implementation and evaluation of nursing. The data collection technique was carried out through interviews and observations at the Avicenna Clinic in Makassar which was carried out on 27-30 December 2021.

Oculi trauma is one of the emergency cases in ophthalmology that happens often and usually can cause permanent vision loss. Traumatic hyphema is caused by blunt or penetrating injury and can accumulate blood mixed with aqueous humor in camera oculi anterior. Case report a 51-year-old male patient came to the hospital complaining of visual loss in his left eye after being hit by a rock. There was increasing intraocular pressure with blood in the camera oculi anterior, which may cause vision to decrease. The basic principles of the treatment in this patient are giving prophylaxis, decreasing intraocular pressure, and follow-up relating to the medication because complications such as secondary bleeding and infection may happen.
 
 

The decrease in blood donors at UTD PMI occurred during the pandemic by 30% while the need for people who needed blood increased.  Youth is a group of potential donors.  Based on the results of a preliminary study, 90.3% of youth in Terong Dlingo Village Bantul have never donated blood.  Knowledge is closely related to the awareness of donating blood.  The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between knowledge and interest in blood donation among youth in Sendangsari Hamlet during a pandemic.  The type of research used is an analytic survey with a cross sectional design.  The sample technique chosen is total sampling.  The results of the correlation test using the Kendall's tau-b test with a significance level of 5% there is a significant relationship between knowledge and interest in donating blood (p-value 0.006) and the correlation coefficient value of 0.314 which means it has a fairly strong close relationship.  There is a significant relationship between knowledge and interest in donating blood during the pandemic in youth in Sendangsari Hamlet, Terong Kapanewon Village, Dlingo, Bantul in 2021.