This study discusses the conflict between Government Regulation Number 28 of 2024 concerning the provision of contraceptives for students with the principles contained in the Child Marriage Law and the National Education System in Indonesia. Although this policy aims to prevent early pregnancy and transmission of sexually transmitted diseases, the provision of contraceptives for students raises concerns because it is considered to legitimize sexual activity among adolescents. This is compared to child protection efforts as stated in the Marriage Law which stipulates the minimum age of marriage and moral values ??in education. This study uses a normative legal approach to analyze the implications of the policy on children's rights, the education system, and social and cultural values. The results of the study indicate that this policy has the potential to violate the goals of national education and child protection. Therefore, a more balanced policy revision is needed, by integrating comprehensive sex education based on moral values, in order to protect children's rights while providing appropriate education for adolescents.

A private land sale and purchase agreement is an agreement made by the parties without any intervention from the Land Deed Making Officer (PPAT). Private land sale and purchase agreements often cause disputes, which in the judicial process are often decided by default. The purpose of this study is to analyze the legal certainty of disputes over private land sale and purchase agreements with default decisions in the Cibinong District Court Case Number 327/PDT.G/2020/PN CBI. The research method uses normative juridical with a case approach.

This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the application of criminal procedural law in ensuring justice for defendants and victims. Criminal procedural law has an important role in ensuring that the defendant's rights, such as the presumption of innocence and the right to self-defense, are fulfilled. On the other hand, this law must also protect the rights of victims, including providing justice and adequate recovery. However, in practice, there are various challenges that hinder its implementation, such as wrongful arrest, manipulation of the legal process, and lack of sensitivity towards victims. Using normative research methods, this study analyzes statutory regulations, legal doctrine, and concrete cases to assess the effectiveness of criminal procedural law.  The research results show that the implementation of criminal procedural law in Indonesia still faces various obstacles, such as weak implementation of fair trial principles, slow legal processes, and lack of professionalism of law enforcement officials. This condition makes it difficult to achieve a balance of justice for the defendant and victim. This research recommends reforming the legal system, increasing the capacity of the apparatus, and strengthening victim protection mechanisms as an effort to increase the effectiveness of criminal procedural law in ensuring substantive justice.

This scientific work discusses acts of fraud committed by insureds which often occur in the insurance industry in Indonesia. This action violates Article 1365 of the Civil Code concerning Unlawful Actions (PMH). This research is normative legal research which has prescriptive and applied research characteristics. From this research, it was concluded that fraudulent claims can be said to be unlawful if analyzed according to the elements of unlawful acts.

This study aims to analyze the forms, causes of bullying and legal protection for child victims of bullying referring to Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning Amendments to Law Number 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection. The author uses a normative juridical research approach, which utilizes legal sources as the primary source in this research. In addition, this research is also supported by additional legal sources through literature studies. The results of this study show that bullying has several forms, including bullying with direct verbal contact, direct physical contact, direct non-verbal behavior, indirect non-verbal behavior, cyber bullying, and sexual harassment. Factors that cause the perpetrator to commit acts of bullying include the family environment and psychological disorders in the perpetrator. And legal protection for child victims of bullying has been regulated in Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning Amendments to Law Number 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection, where the perpetrators of bullying can be sentenced to fines to imprisonment. 

Internet gambling crimes in Indonesia are increasing from year to year. This phenomenon is a bad thing for the Indonesian people. Therefore, the author conducted research which aims to find out how criminal law tackles internet gambling in Indonesia. By using normative research methods. In this legal research, the author uses primary legal materials and secondary legal materials obtained through literature studies that are appropriate to the topic of discussion that the author has taken. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that internet gambling regulations in Indonesia are regulated in Article 27 Paragraph (2) and the threats are regulated in Article 45 Paragraph (3) of the ITE Law. However, the regulations in this article do not clearly regulate witnesses for internet gaming players. This law only contains services used to carry out internet gambling. Law No. 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code can be a solution to overcome the weak response to internet gambling crimes in Indonesia because acts committed digitally have been accommodated in this law.

Mangupa is a traditional ritual that is still preserved by the people of South Tapanuli as a form of gratitude to Allah SWT for success or avoidance of danger. This tradition also aims to return the tondi (soul/spirit) to the body so that a person can return to health. In the Mangupa procession, food is served and "hata pasu-pasu," which is an expression of prayer, advice and hope conveyed by family and traditional leaders. This procession is held at certain moments such as sirian (joy) and siluluton (sorrow), and uses traditional materials that have been determined. This research is descriptive analytical in nature which aims to explain the view of Islamic law regarding the implementation of Mangupa. Through a qualitative approach, the author tries to understand how this ritual is practiced in people's lives and how Islamic law views this tradition. From the research results, the implementation of Mangupa in Paringgonan Village was declared permissible (allowed) as long as it did not contain elements of shirk, superstition, lies or excessive waste. If in the future Mangupa violates religious principles, such as destroying beliefs or causing waste, his legal status could change to makruh or haram. The essence of Mangupa is an expression of gratitude, prayer and advice, which is in accordance with Islamic teachings, so that its practice is still acceptable as long as it does not conflict with the Shari'a.

A person or legal entity that acquires rights to land must register their land ownership. However, land ownership can also lead to disputes, such as the dispute over former eigendom verponding land numbers 3740, 3741, and 3742 in Dago Elos. The Defendants have occupied the land for years without issues, and some have certificates of land ownership or building rights. In the verdict of Judicial Review Case Number 109 PK/Pdt/2022, the Defendants' actions in occupying the disputed land were deemed illegal. Therefore, the author is interested in analyzing whether the Defendants' actions meet the elements of illegal actions according to Article 1365 of the Civil Code and related regulations, and to what extent the Defendants are protected by the verdict. The research was conducted using a normative juridical method, with literature review generating descriptive notes and data, and utilizing a statutory approach. The results show that the Defendants' actions in occupying the disputed land do not constitute illegal actions under Article 1365 of the Civil Code due to the lack of elements. No legal protection can be provided because the verdict is final. The judge did not provide legal reasoning based on the juridical alignment between legal facts, evidence, and the legal basis of statutory regulations.

Most of the people of Tamblang Village have a livelihood as farmers. So that the thick ancestral traditions and culture are still carried out intact in this village. Tamblang is a village located in the Kubutambahan sub-district, Buleleng Regency, Bali Province, Indonesia. Customary laws or awig-awig are still the basis for behavior in the community. Regulations regarding the existence and rights of customary law communities regarding customary land in Tamblang Village are one of them in Awig-Awig Tamblang Traditional Village, Kubutambahan District, which shows that the existence and rights of indigenous peoples have been accepted within the legal framework applicable in traditional villages. The Tamblang customary law community is the indigenous people of North Bali who have lived for generations based on local cultural wisdom. Customary laws or awig-awig are still the basis for behavior in society. This arrangement of rights and obligations towards customary land is the basis for community engagement by the residents of the Tamblang customary village. The purpose of this study is to know and understand the existence of awig-awig and perarem in the regulation of customary land rights and obligations. The author uses an empirical research method using an approach through laws and conceptual methods. The results of this study can be concluded that, it is expected to maintain, maintain, and maintain customary law values. This regulation certainly gives hope to customary law communities to get recognition and protection of their rights, namely customary territories, customary law, assets and/or customary objects as well as institutions/government systems.

This research aims to find out and analyze the form of a loan-to-use agreement for a certificate that is not one's own as collateral in the Civil Code and to find out and analyze the role of the collateral recipient in receiving a certificate that is not one's own. This research uses normative legal research, also known as library research, legal research, or legal research instruction, mere secondary data research. Namely examining the law which is conceptualized as legal norms or applicable rules. Data sources were obtained from written sources based on statutory regulations related to the issues discussed. The research results show that borrowing land certificates includes borrowing and not borrowing. However, due to the certificate owner's ignorance, ownership of the land certificate was transferred to the borrower when the owner signed the documents submitted by the certificate borrower. As a result, when the certificate borrower uses the borrowed certificate as collateral, the creditor assumes that the certificate used as collateral belongs to the certificate borrower because the land certificate is in the name of the certificate borrower and the involvement of a third party in guaranteeing land rights can be explained by looking at several articles in the Law. -Law Number 4 of 1996 concerning mortgage rights, namely in article 1 paragraph (2), (3), (4), (6) concerning parties directly involved in mortgage rights, article 4 concerning objects of mortgage rights and article 8 concerning On the subject of mortgage rights, this article appears to provide broad limitations regarding ownership of the land that will be used as collateral.
 

The appointment of Constitutional Court Judges between one country and another certainly has similarities and differences. This is greatly influenced by the history, state system and political situation of a country. Therefore, a problem is formulated regarding the characteristics of the mechanism for appointing constitutional court judges between Indonesia and Thailand. This study aims to determine and analyze the differences in filling constitutional court judge positions between Indonesia and Thailand. The study uses a normative legal method using primary, secondary, and tertiary data because by using this method, this study can produce descriptive data obtained from written words related to the object of the writing. This study also uses a comparative method between Indonesia and Thailand. The results of this study indicate that there are significant differences regarding the mechanism for appointing constitutional judges. Indonesia was proposed by three state institutions with their respective procedures, then Thailand was proposed by the Judicial institution and a special committee was formed to select constitutional judges.
 
 

This article aims to find out how copyright law protection can be done against song covers using deepfake voice. This research is a prespective normative legal research. The research approach uses statutory and conceptual approaches using primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and tertiary legal materials. The technique of collecting legal materials uses literature study techniques. The technique of analyzing legal materials uses syllogism with a deductive mindset. Legal protection of copyright on song covers using deepfake voice uploaded on digital platforms can be done by providing protection of economic rights, moral rights, and sanctions. Therefore, to avoid copyright infringement, the perpetrators of song covers using deepfake voices uploaded on digital platforms need to pay attention to moral rights and economic rights regulated in Article 5 and Article 9 of the HC Law. The government is expected to make new regulations regarding the protection and supervision of deepfake voices in relation to the use of songs as well as adding digital platforms Article 3 paragraph (2) of PP No. 56 of 2021 concerning Management of Royalties for Copyright of Songs and/or Music

Indonesia is an archipelagic country which has different legal characteristics, namely community life in villages which is closely related to family ties, which does not rule out the possibility that problems will arise such as the problem of dividing inherited land which often causes disputes within the family. This journal discusses legal solutions to the infringement of inherited land rights by non-heirs. The author emphasizes that seizure of inherited land by non-heirs can cause disputes and conflicts, as well as impact personal interests. Empirical juridical research method, using a statutory approach. The aim of this research is to find out the regulations for the distribution of inherited land rights and to understand the legal consequences of encroachment on inherited land rights by third parties. The results of this research show that the division of inheritance rights over land is regulated by the inheritance law that applies in Indonesia, there are three systems of inheritance law, namely Customary Inheritance Law, Islamic Inheritance Law, and Civil Inheritance Law, and the regulation of the distribution of inheritance rights over inheritance that applies in Indonesia. The legal consequence of encroachment on inheritance rights by a third party is that the heirs receive compensation for material and immaterial losses resulting from unlawful acts calculated in the form of money or by replacing goods or objects that have been damaged or confiscated, according to the value of the goods.
 
 
 

Interpersonal communication is face-to-face communication with the aim of getting feedback directly from the person, so that interpersonal communication can affect the relationship between one and the other. The study was to understand the impact of interpersonal communication between women who smoke in non-smoking friendship around Tanjung Sari, in the development of friendship between them by using the social penetrating theories of Altman and Taylor. It is a qualitative type of descriptive research with a case-study approach. The study collects data with in-depth interviews and observations. Research shows that there has been a development in the relationship between women who smoke in non-smokers even to a stable level where they can understand each other.

This research elucidates the relationship between adultery (zina), Article 284 of the Criminal Code (KUHP), Islamic law, and the teachings of Hadith. Adultery, as a sexual act outside of lawful marriage, is deemed a serious transgression against moral and ethical values within society. Article 284 of the KUHP reinforces the prohibition of adultery and provides a legal framework for its enforcement. Conversely, Islamic law and Hadith teachings offer a strong moral and spiritual perspective on adultery, affirming its strict prohibition and serious consequences for perpetrators. This study also discusses practical measures to avoid adultery and the importance of a holistic approach in addressing this issue within society

The phenomenon of drug abuse is increasingly rampant in Indonesia, which sadly is classified as the younger generation. In fact, the demographic bonus in the young age group should have a positive impact on the progress of the nation. However, the reality is the opposite, where the younger generation is increasingly abusing drugs. This study aims to explore more deeply related to drug abuse in the review of positive law and Islamic law. Related to the method used is normative juridical with qualitative analysis. Based on the results of the study, it was found that there are similarities and also differences between positive law and Islamic law, but in general there are many similarities between the two. This study has legal implications that the increasingly rampant drug abuse in Indonesia must be overcome by providing awareness from an early age, providing commendable character education, and also limiting everything that can trigger drug abuse.

Zina and accusations of adultery (qadzaf) are two central themes in Islamic criminal law. This research examines the definition, proof, and sanctions of zina and qadzaf from the perspective of Islamic criminal law using the literature method. Zina is defined as sexual intercourse outside a legal marriage, while qadzaf is accusing adultery without sufficient evidence. In Islam, adultery is proven by four witnesses, confession of the perpetrator, or other supporting evidence. The punishment for muhsan adulterers (married) is stoning, while ghairu muhsan (unmarried) are flogged 100 times. Meanwhile, qadzaf can be proven by four witnesses, confession of the perpetrator, or an oath (according to Imam Shafi'i). The punishment is 80 lashes and the testimony of the perpetrator is not accepted. Islamic criminal law strictly regulates adultery and qadzaf with high evidentiary requirements and severe sanctions. This type of research is a qualitative literature study and uses a descriptive analysis method, namely by analyzing various sources and relevant data. The existence of this prohibition of adultery and qadzaf aims to prevent harm, maintain honor, and uphold the benefit (maqashid sharia).
 
 

This journal examines the form of legal regulation related to the juvenile justice system in Indonesia, with a special focus on minors who are recidivists of the crime of motor vehicle theft (curanmor). Even though Law no. 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System has comprehensively regulated the handling of children in conflict with the law. There are significant challenges in handling children who repeatedly commit criminal acts. This study uses a normative juridical approach with analysis of applicable laws and regulations as well as cases of recidivism among children who commit crime. The research results show that although the law has provided a framework for the protection and rehabilitation of children, its implementation is often not optimal, especially in handling recidivist children. Special policies are needed that are more focused on preventing recidivism, including strengthening the role of rehabilitation institutions and active involvement of families and communities. In addition, revision of several provisions in existing laws is needed to ensure that the handling of recidivist children can be more effective and fair.

In the case of a man who killed a goat thief in Serang, Banten, namely the case of Muhyani (58), the prosecutor issued a Letter of Decision to Terminate Prosecution with the Number Tap-209/M.6.10/Eoh.1/12/2023, in which there was an identification of the problem of society still not understanding the Criminal Code regulations regarding the Reasons for Forgiveness in the elimination of criminal acts, so this research aims to 1. Understand the legal perspective on forced defense according to Article 49 paragraph 1 of the Criminal Code, 2. Know the resolution in a case of forced defense (Noodweer) then in the research, namely 1) How is the study of the form of reasons for forgiveness in criminal law in Indonesia?, 2) What are the considerations in determining the existence of reasons for forgiveness in the case of letter Tap-209/M.6.10/Eoh.1/12/2023 in the prosecutor's office and police investigation. In this thesis, the normative legal research method is used through the approach of legislation, cases, and conceptual approaches. then connected with related laws, then analyzed using legal theory, and conducting interviews. Article 49 paragraph (1) of the Criminal Code stipulates that, "No person shall be punished if he carries out an act of forced self-defense for himself or another person, his moral honor or his or another person's property, because there is an attack or threat of an attack which is very close at that time, which is prohibited by law." From the results of the study, the following conclusions were drawn: 1). Reasons for forgiveness fall within the scope of criminal abolition, and in general, criminal abolition is divided into two, namely reasons for forgiveness and reasons for justification. 2). In the case of Muhyani, a goat farmer who killed a thief, the Serang District Attorney's Office determined that the case was declared as a forced defense of his other assets as referred to in Article 49 paragraph 1 of the Criminal Code.

Debtor default has significant implications for credit risk management in the banking sector. Default, as the failure of a debtor to fulfill its obligations in repaying a loan, not only has the potential to be detrimental to financial institutions, but can also affect the stability of the financial system as a whole. Therefore, research on this phenomenon is very important. This article aims to provide comprehensive insight into understanding debtor default and its impact on credit risk management in the banking sector. A holistic approach to this understanding includes identifying factors that contribute to default, analyzing the characteristics of vulnerable debtors, and evaluating effective risk mitigation strategies. One important aspect discussed is the factors that cause default, including macroeconomic conditions, changes in an individual's financial situation, and behavioral factors. By understanding the root causes of default, banks can identify potential credit risks early and take appropriate steps to manage them. In addition, this article discusses the importance of debtor profile analysis in identifying characteristics that are vulnerable to default. By leveraging advanced technology and data analysis, banks can strengthen their decision-making processes and improve their ability to manage credit risk. Thus, this article not only provides an in-depth review of understanding debtor default, but also provides insight into how banks can improve their credit risk management through targeted and innovative approaches. In conclusion, a better understanding of the debtor default phenomenon will help banks manage credit risk more effectively and strengthen the resilience of the financial system as a whole.

Article 28 I of the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia mandates that every citizen has the right and everyone has the right to be free from discriminatory treatment and entitled to protection thereof. Many people believe that only women can be victims of harassment. Women and men are both potential victims and the effects they get are the same. MS as a victim of sexual harassment in KPI wrote an open letter on social media about the sexual harassment that happened to her. The open letter then went viral and many social media users began to harass the personal lives of these perpetrators. From here, the perpetrators reported back to MS with allegations of defamation. The incident became the author's background in writing this research by applying normative juridical research methods, namely research that focuses on positive law or the practice of applying norms or rules in legislation. According to Article 310 paragraph (3) of the Criminal Code states that it cannot be punished if the accusation is carried out as a form of defending public interests or defending oneself. While what is known today, MS who tells her condition after being harassed on social media is an attempt to defend herself and reveal the truth.
 
 

Money politics is a gift or promise to bribe someone so that the person does not exercise their rights in a certain way during the general election. The purchase can be in the form of goods or money, as found by researchers regarding the phenomenon of money politics which is still widespread in three regions, namely , Kijang Bintan, Kawal Bintan, and Lingga, people who are still relatively ignorant and have economic constraints are one of the factors in society being entangled in giving and receiving political money. Apart from damaging democracy due to forms of fraud, this problem has a negative impact on the givers and recipients who have clearly violated the provisions of the election law and violated criminal provisions. However, this problem is still difficult to resolve due to the lack of supervision and firm action. This research uses empirical legal research. This research is a legal research method that uses empirical facts taken from people's behavior, both verbally obtained from interviews and behavior carried out through direct observation. The theory used in this research is not to use critical legal theory, in order to find the problems that occur, as well as reveal how much the public understands money politics. So from these problems it can be drawn with the title Review of Community Understanding of Money Politics

In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, despite the decline of classical biological theory, the idea that biological factors play a role in criminal behavior has again gained attention, especially with the emergence of new fields of study such as neurocriminology and behavioral genetics. This approach, often referred to as Neo-Lombrosianism, updates the old biological theory by integrating new findings from modern science. Unfortunately, while the findings of genetics and neurobiology offer a new landscape for searching for the causes of crime, they risk ignoring the important role of social factors such as poverty, opportunity, social processes, trauma, and structural injustice. This study used a data collection method collected using library research, then analyzed using qualitative methods and presented descriptively. The results of the study indicate that Neo-Lombrosianism has made a significant contribution to the understanding of the relationship between biological factors and criminal behavior, this approach must be balanced with a full awareness of the importance of social, economic, and environmental factors in influencing human behavior. However, there is a great risk that genetic findings can be used to support unfair policies, especially if biological factors are considered to be the main determinants of criminal behavior.

Mental health is very important for society and individuals. However, the stigma of mental illness remains a major barrier for those who need support and treatment. Self-, social, and structural stigma are types of stigma that contribute to isolation and discrimination. The aim of this research is to find out how education and awareness campaigns can prevent the stigma of mental disorders. The methods used include analysis of literature on biological, psychological, and social variables that influence mental health, as well as analysis of primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention methods. The results show that public education, awareness campaigns, and programs in schools based on social media can significantly increase public understanding and reduce unfavorable stereotypes. In conclusion, preventing mental disorders requires a broad approach that includes education, early detection, and community-based intervention. In this way, society can create a friendly, supportive and stigma-free environment to improve everyone's mental well-being.

Penelitian ini membahas mengenai perjanjian sewa menyewa rumah tanpa jangka waktu sewa yang menjadi batal demi hukum. Akibat kebatalan tersebut tidak serta merta mengakibatkan para pihak harus mengembalikan ke kondisi semula oleh sebab hubungan sewa menyewa yang terjadi masih didasarkan pada suatu perikatan alam. Untuk menemukan jawaban dalam penelitian ini digunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa jangka waktu sewa merupakan unsur essensialia yang menjadi syarat objektif dalam sahnya suatu perjanjian sewa menyewa rumah sebagaimana diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2011 tentang Perumahan dan Kawasan Permukiman Jo. Pasal 28 ayat (5) Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 14 Tahun 2016 tentang Penyelenggaraan Perumahan dan Kawasan Permukiman sebagaimana diubah terakhir dengan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 12 Tahun 2021 sehingga tanpa pengaturan jangka waktu sewa perjanjian tersebut menjadi batal demi hukum, namun uang sewa yang sudah diterima oleh pemberi sewa tidak perlu dikembalikan oleh karena hubungan sewa menyewa yang selama ini dilakukan didasarkan pada perikatan alam.

Law No. 19 of 2013 on the Protection and Empowerment of Farmers aims to improve farmers' welfare through various programs, including fertilizer subsidies. However, the distribution of subsidized fertilizers often faces issues such as misallocation, delays, and misuse. The Farmer Card (Kartu Tani), an innovation to facilitate the distribution of subsidized fertilizers, has significant potential to address these problems. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Farmer Card in the distribution of subsidized fertilizers, identify the challenges faced by farmers in its use, and propose solutions for the optimization of the Farmer Card. Using a descriptive qualitative approach through literature review, this study finds that the main challenges include technical issues, lack of socialization, bureaucratic hurdles, and farmers' distrust of new technology. Proposed solutions include enhancing technological infrastructure, providing intensive training for farmers, and simplifying administrative procedures. The study's results indicate that improvements in these aspects can enhance the effectiveness and transparency of subsidized fertilizer distribution through the Farmer Card.

Brawls between students have become a phenomenon that occurs quite often in various regions of Indonesia. Brawls usually occur due to high rivalry between students from two or more schools. This rivalry often boils down to mutual attacks or physical clashes. One of the main causes of high rivalry between schools is the existence of school egos and student gangs. Student gangs in each school usually also want to show their existence and strength by making trouble. This is a form of introducing teenagers that involves students which is increasingly occurring.
The research method used in this study is an empirical method that is descriptive, explaining and describing completely the situation that occurs in the community by conducting research directly in the field and analyzing the existence of behavior that deviates from the norms that are not implemented in the environment. The source of research data is in the form of primary legal materials and secondary legal materials. Data collection methods and interview techniques.
Factors that affect the cause of violence between students in the city of Pematang Siantar carried out by students usually occur due to disputes between schools and other schools, lack of affection from home (parents) or from the surrounding environment, and even from the influence of friends.  Another factor is the influence of social media, because this social media can be very influential and accelerate the dissemination of information and even mobilize groups. Regarding the sanctions that can be imposed on minors who commit criminal acts are in accordance with what is regulated in Law Number 12 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System, the first effort made by the Pematang Siantar Police is to seek dissolution first, Then if the child commits a minor or serious crime, the police will seek deliberation by involving the perpetrator and his parents/guardians, victims and/or parents/guardians. In this process, the police will offer diversion or peaceful efforts so that the case does not reach the court.

Illegal mining itself is a mining activity or extracting agricultural products carried out by the community or a business entity or we can call it a company where this activity does not have a business permit and also does not use the principles regarding how to mine in accordance with existing regulations or not. use mining methods properly and correctly. The basic mining laws that apply in Indonesia are stated in the Mining UlUl Number 3 of 2020 concerning amendments to UlUl Number 4 of 2009 concerning Mineral and Coal Mining, mining excavation itself consists of several types. Starting from strategic minerals or group a minerals, vital minerals or group c, and finally, group c minerals. In Indonesia itself we can certainly find cases of illegal mining in various regions, that is why enforcement efforts should be carried out as best as possible in order to reduce the growth rate of existing illegal mining which of course is to guarantee or increase state income through existing mining businesses. certainly legal in the eyes of the law.

This research aims to determine the extent of the impact caused by arguments in the household resulting in divorce. To find out, the author uses normative empirical research methods. Divorce is a legal event that results in the legal termination of a marriage between a husband and wife whose legal process is carried out in court. The factors that cause continuous disputes and quarrels that trigger divorce at the Tilamuta Religious Court, Baolemo Regency are: (a) Economic problems. (b) Third party interference. (c) Polygamy is unhealthy. (d) Domestic violence/abuse occurs. Divorce will certainly have an effect on both parties and their descendants. The consequences that arise from continuous disputes and quarrels include: (a) Disruption in fulfilling the rights and obligations of husband and wife, (b) problems regarding child custody, (c) division of joint assets, lack of control of each other's egos. each and coupled with the husband not being able to control his emotions so he takes it out on his wife.
 

Criminal law enforcement in Indonesia involves different procedures between civil society and the military, especially at the investigation stage. In the military context, Law Number 31 of 1997 concerning Military Justice stipulates investigative authority involving superiors who have the right to punish (ANKUM), military police, and prosecutors. However, there is debate regarding ANKUM's authority in investigations, especially regarding professionalism and fairness, because ANKUM does not always have adequate investigative expertise. This research aims to analyze ANKUM's authority in the process of investigating military criminal cases, as well as the challenges of internal conflicts of interest that may arise. The research method used is normative juridical with an analytical and statutory approach. The research results show that ANKUM has an important role in the investigation process, including conducting preliminary examinations, receiving reports, and carrying out detentions. However, ANKUM often faces internal conflicts of interest and limitations in exercising its authority, which can affect the fairness and professionalism of the legal process. The Military Discipline Advisory and Supervision Council (DPPDM) functions to supervise and provide consideration of ANKUM's authority. This research suggests the need for stricter supervision and improvement of the functions of the DPPDM to ensure fair and professional law enforcement.

The many land problems require a significant role from the regional government to create legal certainty regarding the existence of Land Certificates in Belitung Regency. The research method used in this writing is a normative juridical research method using a Statutory Approach and a Conceptual Approach. The data used is secondary data consisting of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials. For data analysis using Legal Interpretation Techniques and Legal Construction Techniques. The results of this research show that until now there has been no regulation or legal product governing Land Certificates in Belitung Regency, so clear regulations are needed regarding the existence of these Land Certificates in order to create legal certainty and reduce land problems and disputes.

The aim of this research is to discuss the implementation of land acquisition for the public interest in terms of the construction of a public cemetery in Sipatana District and the mechanism for providing compensation. This research uses empirical legal methods, by presenting data based on field facts which are then analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The research results show that there are problems in acquiring land as the location for the TPU in question. This is marked by the sale and purchase of land to the government by other parties, who are still the family of the land owner, Mr Yamin Tolinggi. What this means is that the seller of the land is not the actual owner but just a nephew who happens to live at that location. Apart from that, the actual owner demands payment from the land, which is then confirmed by evidence and ownership rights based on court decisions. Disposal of land is a last resort and must obtain approval from the party entitled to the land, however, the land release was in error, where the government incorrectly provided compensation or payment to parties who were not actually the owners of the land. The mechanism for providing compensation for land acquisition by the government for the construction of TPU in Sipatana District is carried out by the Gorontalo Province and Gorontalo City governments on land covering an area of ??27,766 m2 or around 2.7 hectares. However, land acquisition payments made by both the provincial and Gorontalo city governments were given to those who were not actually entitled to them. The total compensation for land acquisition was IDR 3.5 billion, but the entire amount was given to other parties. Therefore, the real owner then sued over his approximately 7,186 meter land and won in court, and in the end the Gorontalo provincial government awarded compensation of Rp. 750 million (seven hundred and fifty million rupiah) to land owners, through the 2023 APBD budget.

The protection of heirs' rights to digital assets in Indonesia is becoming increasingly important as digital technology usage grows. Digital assets, including social media accounts, emails, digital files, and cryptocurrencies, present new challenges in inheritance law due to their unique nature. This article discusses how heirs' rights to digital assets can be effectively regulated within the existing legal framework. The main challenges include access and control issues, an incomplete legal framework, and rapid technological advancements. Proposed solutions include updating legal regulations, collaborating with digital service providers, enhancing digital literacy, and developing supportive systems and services. With these measures, it is hoped that heirs' rights to digital assets can be well-protected, providing legal certainty and ensuring that digital assets are not lost or misused.

This research discusses the role of environmental law in preventing environmental damage and pollution with a case study of illegal shrimp farmers in the Karimunjawa National Park Area. The Karimun Jawa National Park area is an ecosystem that is rich in biodiversity and has vital ecological functions. However, illegal shrimp farming activities in this area have caused significant environmental damage, including decreased water quality and damage to mangrove habitats.This research uses a normative juridical approach to analyze applicable environmental legal regulations and policies as well as the effectiveness of law enforcement in preventing and dealing with the activities of illegal shrimp farmers. The research results show that although there are clear regulations regarding environmental protection, implementation and enforcement of the law are still weak. Lack of coordination between institutions, minimal human resources, and technical obstacles in the field are the main inhibiting factors in enforcing environmental law. This research recommends increasing law enforcement capacity, increasing coordination between institutions, and strengthening local community participation in environmental protection efforts in the Karimunjawa National Park Area. With these steps, it is hoped that environmental damage and pollution due to illegal activities can be minimized.

This research discusses the comparison of sanctions for liability for the crime of rape between the Indonesian Criminal Code and Singapore's Penal Code 1871. In the Indonesian Criminal Code, rape is regulated in Article 473, while in the Singapore Penal Code, rape is regulated in Article 375. This research uses normative analysis and comparative analysis methods. The results of the research show that there are differences in sanctions for responsibility for the crime of rape between the Indonesian Criminal Code and the Singapore Penal Code. The Indonesian Criminal Code regulates criminal sanctions in the form of imprisonment for a maximum of 12 years and a maximum of 15 years if rape of a child or serious injury results, while the Singapore Penal Code regulates prison sanctions of 8 years to 20 years plus a minimum caning sentence of 12 lashes. This research also shows that there are differences in the definition of rape between the Indonesian Criminal Code and the Singapore Penal Code.

Elections or general elections have an important role in determining the future of the nation by electing leaders and officials who are directly elected by the people and for the people. Democracy is the main factor in holding elections as people are free to choose according to their conscience without any coercion or threat. However, the process of implementing elections in Indonesia still experiences obstacles such as the white group (golput) who choose to give up their voting rights in determining the future of the nation. Therefore, we provide solutions and suggestions that can be used to reduce the percentage of the white group by means of election education, voting training, encouraging political parties to be more active, using the media to publish information about elections, election monitoring, research and opinion surveys as described in this research article that we wrote in the hope that it will create a movement to suppress white groups who throw away their voting rights. Then, in compiling this research article, we used an empirical juridical qualitative research method by raising two problem formulations that are problems in the current era. With the results of this research article, hopefully it can help you and can be a source of reference in preparing research that has the same aims and objectives.

The problem related to violation of RTRW is actually a common issue until now. Like the recent case, namely the fire that occurred at the Pertamina Plumpang Depot. The fire incident could actually be prevented by implementing proper spatial planning regulations. Based on the Regional Regulation (Perda) of DKI Jakarta Number 1 of 2012 concerning the 2030 Regional Spatial Planning, fuel oil (BBM) depots are required to have a buffer zone. Unfortunately, at the Pertamina Plumpang Depot, this buffer zone does not exist, so that residential areas are too close to the dangerous depot area. The purpose of this study is to find out the Annotation of the State Administrative Court Decision Number: 124 / G / LH / 2016 / PTUN-BDG. This research method uses a qualitative approach, with a special method applied, namely meta-analysis. Meta-analysis is a research technique used to combine findings from previous studies related to the same research topic. The results of the study show that among others Based on case information, it is known that there are 6 (six) plaintiffs who sued the Decree of the Head of the Investment and Integrated Licensing Agency of West Java Province Number: 660/10/19.1.02.0/BPMPT/2016 concerning the Environmental Permit for the Construction and Operational Activities of the 1x1000 MW Cirebon PLTU, Astanajapura District and Mundu District, Cirebon Regency by PT Cirebon Energi Prasarana. In its decision, the PTUN granted the lawsuit in its entirety.
 
 
 

Motorcycle storage without collateral is a service increasingly popular in dense urban communities. However, it raises various legal questions regarding the responsibilities and risks involved, both for service providers and motorcycle owners. In this study, we analyze the motorcycle storage service without collateral from the perspectives of Islamic law and civil law. From the perspective of Islamic law, the sayings of Prophet Muhammad emphasize the importance of maintaining trust in every transaction, while civil law provides a structured framework through Article 1714 of the Indonesian Civil Code. Although there are differences in approach between these perspectives, there are also important points of convergence regarding the maintenance of trust and justice in every transaction. The implication of this analysis is the importance of understanding and respecting legal principles, both from the perspective of Islamic law and civil law, in providing and using motorcycle storage services without collateral.

According to Law Number 37 of 2004 tates that bankruptcy is general confiscation of assets of bankrupt debtor. Those failure to pay debtors commonly beacause of a strain in company's financial condition. The purpose of imposition of bankruptcy is to protect both bankrupt debtor and creditors. In the development of bankruptcy in Indonesia, the regulation of Insolvency test in imposing companies bankruptcy, especially companies with legal status, has not been regulated in Law No. 37 of 2004. Insolvency is the failure to done a financial responsibility in the due date as is appropriate in a company, or the excess of liabilities over assets within certain time. If the debtor has been declared insolvent, the debtor is completely bankrupt and properties will soon be divided. There also has no provision stating that Insolvency Test is a condition for bankrupting a debto. Regulation absence regarding Insolvency Test certainly cause problems for companies that many Indonesia’s companies experience legal bankruptcy. Therefore, author feels it is necessary to do a research related to Insolvency Test which was once applicable in Indonesian Bankruptcy Law, but no longer used, even though the application of Insolvency Test is very helpful for the judge's view in deciding individual or legal entity in a state of bankruptcy in court, and further clarifies the objectivity in bankruptcy judgment.
 
 

Projects run by a company or organization often fail or do not achieve the planned goals, this is not uncommon due to errors in carrying out the project., Regarding the existence of financial losses of the State, in the legal dimension of the State administration is in principle oriented towards the recovery of these losses, and can be applied cumulatively with other sanctions, namely: administrative, criminal and civil witnesses. The purpose of this study is for the Mechanism for Returning State Financial Losses Due to Failed Projects. This type of research is a normative research approach to legislative research (Statute Approach) and through primary data by processing data from primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and tertiary legal materials. Based on the results of the study, if the settlement of regional loss cases by deliberation for consensus is not reached, then the local government should be able to do other ways in accordance with the provisions stipulated in the Presidential Regulation on Government Procurement of Goods/Services, namely through arbitration, alternative dispute resolution or court in accordance with the provisions of laws and regulations. Alternative dispute resolution is an out-of-court dispute resolution institution through procedures agreed upon by the parties, consisting of negotiation, mediation, conciliation, and expert assessment. Therefore, local governments should seek to recover regional losses by means of asbitrase and alternative dispute resolution first, before handing over the case of regional losses to APH.