The low interest in reading of students in elementary school is a serious problem that has a direct impact on the quality of learning, especially in Indonesian subjects. This article aims to identify and analyze various factors that affect student’s low interest in reading through a literature review approach. The results of the analysis showed that these factors included limited literacy facilities, lack of active role of teachers and parental support, negative influence of digital technology, less attractive teaching methods, and low motivation and reading habits of students. The impact of low interest in reading includes difficulty understanding reading, weak vocabulary mastery, and low learning achievement. This article also reviews various strategies that teachers can do to increase student’s reading interest, such as reading habits, the use of storytelling methods, reading corners, the use of technology, as well as thematic approaches and creative literacy programs. Cooperation between schools, families, and communities is needed to create a literacy ecosystem that supports the growth of reading interest from an early age.
 
 

This article discusses the importance of a multicultural approach in guidance and counseling, in a country rich in cultural diversity. Within this context, counselors are expected to understand and appreciate the cultural differences faced by clients, including different values, norms, and perspectives. Multicultural counseling not only increases the effectiveness of the counseling process, but also creates a safe counseling environment for clients to express themselves. By understanding the client's cultural background, the counselor can minimize potential conflicts and increase confidence in the counseling relationship. This research uses a qualitative method with a literature study to explore the challenges and solutions in multicultural counseling practice. The findings of this article suggest that sensitivity to cultural diversity is essential for successful inclusive and responsive counseling.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Independent Curriculum in mathematics learning planning at SMK Negeri 6 Padang. The Independent Curriculum provides flexibility to teachers in designing contextual, student-centered, and character-oriented learning through the Pancasila Student Profile. This study uses a qualitative method with data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that SMK Negeri 6 Padang has implemented various important components in learning planning, such as the School Operational Curriculum (KOS), Academic Calendar, Effective Week Details, Annual Program (Prota), Semester Program (Promes), Learning Achievements (CP), Learning Objectives (TP), Learning Objective Achievement Criteria (KKTP), and Learning Objective Flow (ATP). However, the implementation of the Independent Curriculum still faces challenges, especially in the integration of the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project (P5) and the application of differentiated learning. Thus it can be concluded that the Learning planning is very effective, namely 82.25%. Therefore, further training is needed to improve the quality of learning planning based on the Independent Curriculum. This study concludes that although mathematics learning planning has referred to the principles of the Independent Curriculum, ongoing training and systematic support are still needed to optimize the implementation of the curriculum in vocational schools.
 

This study discusses the Analysis of the effectiveness of the use of a letter archiving system in improving work efficiency in the Mal Uinsu office. The purpose of this study was to determine the use of a letter archiving system in improving work efficiency in the Ma laboratory Uinsu office and what obstacles were faced. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of the archiving system in supporting work efficiency at the UINSU Laboratory Madrasah Aliyah includes storage, organization, borrowing, rediscovery, maintenance and destruction. The implementation of this archiving has been running quite well according to existing provisions. However, there are still some things that do not support work efficiency that must be fixed in order to facilitate the implementation of letter archiving in improving work efficiency at the UINSU Laboratory Madrasah Aliyah office.

The curriculum for education and training is a plan, objectives, content, and learning approach that is structured to direct the education process in order to achieve certain abilities in students or training participants. In a formal education environment, the curriculum serves as the main guide for institutions and educators in setting learning targets, compiling teaching materials, choosing teaching techniques, and assessing educational outcomes. On the other hand, in training programs, the curriculum focuses more on achieving specific skills needed in the work environment, with materials and strategies adapted to the needs and character of the participants. The main elements of the curriculum include objectives, content, methods, and evaluation, all of which must reinforce each other to ensure the achievement of the desired results, both in cognitive, affective, and psychomotor aspects. The process of developing an education and training curriculum requires needs analysis,es goal setting, content development, selection of learning experiences, and preparation of appropriate evaluation instruments. Therefore, the curriculum in education and training not only functions as a tool for planning and organizing learning, but also as a driver of change and improvement in the quality of human resources that are responsive e, and needs in the world of work.

This study aims to review the literature on the effects of using ChatGPT on postgraduate students' competencies. The method applied in this study is a literature review of 420 journals from 500 journals. References were obtained from the Emerald Journal, Elsevier and Google Scholar by utilizing the Publish or Perish application. Data processing uses the VOSviewer application. With this literature review, it was found that.In the network visualization data, it was found that the widest link in the largest Red cluster was GPT, Chat GPT, Ability, Artificial Intelligent, Student, Chat, Higher education which was related to Postgraduate-student. In the overlay visualization based on the year, it was found that the projection of the year of collection at the time of the study. It can be seen from the darkest keywords, namely ability, student, skill, which have a longer research projection. Meanwhile, the research projections included in the latest research are with the keywords conversation, generative ai, education, and research. The results of Density Visualization show that the keywords ChatGPT, Ability, Higher Education, and Skill are included in the most frequently conducted research results. Meanwhile, the keywords generative AI, research, challenge, opportunity, conversation, artificial intelligent are included in the least conducted research. This shows that there is a significant relationship between the keywords mentioned.The recommendations given include strengthening the policies implemented in each university in each country for the use of AI as a medium for information and data processing. In addition, training on plagiarism in the preparation of various research journals and final assignments for postgraduate students needs to be intensified. The results of this study are expected to provide insight and breadth to related agencies that these opportunities can be further developed in Indonesia.
 

The purpose of this study is to examine the development of scientific publications related to the use of the Inquiry Based Learning (IBL) model in improving students' mathematical critical thinking skills from 2015 to 2025. This research uses a bibliometric analysis approach with a descriptive approach, where data is collected through searches on Google Scholar and analyzed using the Publish or Perish and VOSviewer applications to identify publication trends, researcher collaboration, and mapping of main topics. From a total of 200 initial documents, 16 articles met the criteria and were analyzed further. The results showed a fluctuating trend in the publication of IBL studies on MVC, with peaks of attention occurring in 2020 and 2022. Network visualization and keyword density show that IBL and MHS topics continue to be an important focus, but face implementation challenges that require further attention. This research is expected to be a reference in designing effective learning strategies to improve critical thinking skills.

This study aims to examine the implementation of innovative learning strategies in improving the literacy skills of first-grade elementary school students in the subject of Indonesian language. Early literacy serves as a crucial foundation for students’ academic development; however, many lower-grade students have not yet reached the minimum standards in reading and writing. To address this challenge, innovative learning strategies such as shared reading, storytelling, the use of visual and digital media, as well as contextual and simple project-based approaches were employed. This research utilized a Classroom Action Research (CAR) method over two cycles, involving 20 first-grade students. Data were collected through observation, interviews, documentation, and literacy skill assessments. The findings showed a significant improvement in students’ reading, writing, listening, and speaking abilities. The learning process became more enjoyable, participatory, and suited to the cognitive developmental stage of young children. In addition, students' motivation and confidence in using language also increased. The teacher’s role as a facilitator and instructional designer was essential in ensuring the success of these strategies. Therefore, innovative learning strategies have proven effective in enhancing the literacy skills of first-grade students and are recommended for broader implementation.

This article discusses the importance of counselor ethics and competencies in the context of multicultural counseling in Indonesia. Counseling, as a professional service, requires an ethical relationship between counselor and client to support individual development. By upholding ethical values, counselors can understand and appreciate the cultural differences that exist, thus being able to provide inclusive and effective services. This research uses a qualitative method with a literature study to explore the function of ethics in multicultural counseling and the barriers faced. The results showed that multicultural awareness and ethical competence are necessary to overcome challenges in counseling practice.

The purpose of this community service activity is to assist Madrasah Ibtidaiyah students in creating pencil holders using used bottles and straws. This is a project-based learning activity that instills values of creativity and environmental awareness. The activity is part of the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum, which emphasizes contextual learning and skills relevant to the modern era.By participating as facilitators, PGMI students gain firsthand experience in designing and implementing project-based learning. The activity includes providing materials, demonstrations, hands-on practice, and evaluation of results. The outcomes show an increase in students' creativity and awareness of the importance of transforming recycled materials into useful products for the environment. Moreover, this activity provides valuable experience for PGMI students, helping them learn to apply active and practical learning approaches.
 

This study aims to analyze students' learning difficulties in solving mathematical story problems reviewed from the learning outcomes of fourth-grade students of SDN 117858 Teluk Binjai. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. Data were collected through tests, interviews, and documentation involving teachers and students. The results of the study indicate that the main difficulties faced by students in solving mathematical story problems are low understanding of mathematical concepts, difficulty in interpreting information from story problems, and lack of ability to convert verbal information into mathematical forms. In addition, psychological factors such as anxiety and low self-confidence also affect students' performance in solving problems. Based on learning outcomes, students with lower grades tend to have more difficulty in understanding problems and applying solving strategies. These findings indicate the need for deeper pedagogical interventions to improve students' understanding of mathematical concepts and mathematical literacy skills, as well as emotional support to reduce anxiety related to mathematics.
 
 

The purpose of this study is to find out the difficulties experienced by students in solving mathematical problems, especially in working on or solving problems in the two-variable linear equation system material and to find out the causes of difficulties in the two-variable linear equation system material that has been carried out by grade VIII students. This type of research is qualitative research, namely by making observations, then the researcher gives several questions given to the research subject to work on. The test instrument used in this study is in the form of 2 questions, namely about the material of the two-variable linear equation system that has been validated. The subjects in this study were 19 students in class VIII A who participated in the research process, then the researcher selected 6 students as representatives of the research subjects. The instrument of this study is a written test by giving questions, then interviews. In the results of the research that have been observed along with the results of interviews used to determine the type of difficulty students in solving problems of the two-variable linear equation system, the test results show that students experience difficulties shown by making mistakes in working on the problem. The causes of students' difficulties that often occur are usually lack of concentration when working, difficulties when faced with different forms of problems, forgetting the material that has been taught.

This study aims to systematically examine the use of Math Mechanixs software as a medium for learning mathematics to improve students' computational skills. The method used is Systematic Literature Review (SLR), with data sources obtained from various scientific databases such as Google Scholar, Garuda, DOAJ, and ResearchGate. The study was conducted by filtering articles based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, then analyzed to find patterns and effectiveness of the use of the software. The results of the review indicate that Math Mechanixs, with its 2D/3D graphic visualization features, equation editor, and scientific calculator, has great potential in helping students understand mathematical concepts more efficiently and interactively. In addition to increasing the speed and accuracy of calculations, this software also encourages the development of students' algorithmic and logical thinking skills. However, more empirical research is needed to strengthen these findings in the context of Indonesian education. This study recommends the integration of Math Mechanixs in mathematics learning with the support of teacher training and adequate supporting facilities.
 
 

This study aims to analyze students’ difficulties in understanding the concept of Stokes’ Theorem in the Vector Calculus course. The method used is a descriptive qualitative approach with data collected through semi-structured interviews with mathematics education students who have studied the topic. The results show that students struggle to comprehend the relationship between line integrals and surface integrals, as well as to connect the concept of curl with vector direction in three-dimensional space. Limited understanding of prerequisite material and the lack of visual media further exacerbate these difficulties. Students reported that learning methods based on visualization and group discussion were helpful. This study recommends the use of contextual learning strategies and interactive media to improve students’ understanding of abstract concepts in Stokes’ Theorem.

This study aims to explore the influence of digital media on language variation among college students. Using qualitative methods and a literature review design, this study analyzes how digital media, such as social media, online communication platforms, and instant messaging applications, influence language use among college students. The results show that digital media triggers the emergence of language variation that includes digital slang, changes in grammar and spelling, and the transfer of foreign culture and vocabulary. Although digital media provides a space for students to express themselves creatively, there are concerns about the negative impact on formal language proficiency. Therefore, this study emphasizes the importance of collaborative efforts from educational institutions and students to maintain a balance between linguistic creativity and the preservation of formal language.

Educational research requires a thorough understanding of population and sample concepts as the foundation for ensuring the validity and generalizability of findings. This article explores the fundamental differences between population and sample, the implications of their selection on research outcomes, and appropriate strategies for selecting a representative sample. By reviewing commonly used sampling approaches, such as probability and non-probability techniques, this paper highlights the importance of aligning the method with the research objectives and context. A clear understanding of these concepts is crucial for researchers to produce accurate, reliable, and contextually relevant educational data.

The purpose of this research: (1) to analyze the influence of student learning styles on the learning achievement of class VII students at Halioan State Middle School. (2) determine learning styles on the learning achievement of class VII students at Halioan State Middle School. The method used is a quantitative method. The research results showed that 35.2% of students had a visual learning style, 55.2% of students had an auditory learning style, and 29.6% of students had a kinesthetic learning style. In general, students tend to have visual and auditory learning styles. The results of hypothesis testing show that learning style has a relationship with learning achievement. Learning style has a significant effect on learning achievement. Learning style has a contribution or influence of 52% on student learning achievement and the remaining 48% is influenced by other variables that are not analyzed in the model.

Ethnomathematics is one of the approaches that integrates local wisdom with mathematics learning. This study aims to develop PBL-based LKPD with ethnomathematics nuances at the Maimun Palace. This research method is research and development (Research and Development). The development model used as the basis for this study is the ADDIE development model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation). The results of the study showed that the LKPD developed was included in the valid category, for the average overall result of the LKPD validation assessment from the three validators was 4.35. In the implementation, the response of students to the LKPD with an average score of 4.48 was categorized as very good and met the practicality of the LKPD, so it did not need to be revised again. The PBL-based LKPD with ethnomathematics nuances produced, along with its supporting instruments, have met the criteria of validity, practicality, and effectiveness.

This research aims to examine the development of 6th grade elementary school children, with a focus on physical, cognitive, emotional, spiritual and social aspects. The research method used is qualitative with a descriptive approach, which focuses on understanding phenomena through observation, interviews and documentation. The research subject is a child named Ahmad Pandi Prasetya, who is now in grade 6 of elementary school. The results showed that Pandi's physical development was within the normal range with a height of 133 cm and a weight of 28 kg. The results showed that the subject's physical development was in accordance with the average age, with a height of 133 cm and a weight of 28 kg. In the cognitive aspect, Pandi showed good drawing skills and was quite good. In the emotional aspect, Pandi is able to recognize and manage his feelings, even though he still needs parental assistance. The spiritual aspect shows that Pandi is still not consistent in his worship, Pandi's worship is still often broken, but Pandi's parents still remind him to continue praying 5 times a day, Pandi's parents also advise Pandi slowly and try to understand Pandi, Pandi's parents believe that if children are told in a gentle way, children will understand and slowly change for the better.  In the social aspect, Pandi turns out to be a child who lacks socialization, because Pandi is a child who spends his time at home and rarely leaves the house to socialize, he also has only a few friends. Overall, this research found that the subject's development was still not very good and perfect according to his age stage.

The formulation of the problem in the research is How is the implementation of learning the traditional Sedulang Setudung dance using audio visual media for students at SMP N 35 Palembang? The aim of this research is to find out how the traditional Sedulang Setudung dance lesson is implemented using audio-visual media for students at SMPN 35 Palembang. The method used in this research is a qualitative method. Data collection techniques in this research used observation, interviews and documentation. The data analysis techniques used in this research are 1. Data reduction, 2. Data presentation, 3. Drawing conclusions. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that: 1) At the planning stage the teacher plans learning based on the competencies that must be achieved in the form of a learning implementation plan. The learning planning steps at the meeting include preliminary activities, core activities and closing activities; 2) At the implementation stage, the teacher carries out traditional dance lessons in Sedulang Setudung groups in learning activities using direct learning strategies, and a learning approach that is centered on students as learning subjects. In the learning process and delivery of material the teacher uses audio visual media to facilitate students' understanding. The learning methods used in the strategy are demonstration methods and drill methods; 3) At the evaluation stage, the teacher conducts an evaluation in the form of a practical test which is carried out at the end of each learning activity. Based on the results of the study, it shows that students follow the traditional dance learning of Sedulang Setudung well. , and obtained excellent results of the final practical exam evaluation.

Accreditation is a systematic evaluation process aimed at assessing the feasibility and quality of educational institutions, playing a significant role in driving improvements in education quality. This study aims to examine the role of accreditation in enhancing the quality of education at MTs Al-Idris, a madrasa committed to shaping an excellent generation based on Islamic values. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, this study found that accreditation serves not only as an indicator of quality achievements but also as a strategic tool driving holistic improvements, including in curriculum, teaching staff, facilities, and stakeholder satisfaction. These findings are expected to serve as a reference for madrasa in optimizing accreditation outcomes to achieve higher-quality education.

School principals have a strategic role in improving the quality of graduates at State Elementary Schools (SDN). This article reviews various strategies that school principals can implement to achieve these goals, including strengthening school-based management, developing curricula that are relevant to students' needs, and increasing the competence of teaching staff through professional training and coaching. Apart from that, optimizing facilities and infrastructure, applying technology in learning, and managing a conducive learning environment are also the main focus. School principals are also expected to be able to build collaboration with parents, the community and other stakeholders to create a supportive educational ecosystem. The results of this strategy are measured by improving student learning outcomes, strengthening character, and the readiness of graduates to continue their education to a higher level. This study confirms that the success of school principals' strategies is highly dependent on innovative and collaborative leadership abilities.

Character education is a systematic effort that aims to shape an individuals personality holistically, including moral, ethical and noble values aspects that are important for social life. In its implementation, character education is integrated into various subjects, extracurricural activities, and the school environment that supports the creation of an educational atmosphere that encourages good character development. This research aims to investigate character value and the impact of character education as well as challenges in implementing character education using qualitative research methods, which use article review. Based on the method use to gain an understanding of character education material through journal sources, articles and also objects relevant to the research. The research results include: (1) Definition of character education, (2) Objectives of character education, (3) Benefits of character education, (4) Main values in character education, (5) Challenges in character education, (6) Methods of implementing education character, (7) Character education in the digital era.

This study examines the implementation of the integrated Islamic education concept at SDIT Adzkia 4 Palabuhanratu. Integrated Islamic education combines religious and general knowledge using a holistic approach to develop students with noble character, broad insight, and readiness to face global challenges. Employing a qualitative method with a descriptive approach, the study gathers data through interviews, observations, and document analysis. The findings reveal that SDIT Adzkia 4 effectively integrates Islamic values with general subjects, fostering students' spiritual and intellectual growth. Teachers play a pivotal role in balancing these aspects, while parental involvement through intensive communication with the school significantly supports educational success. Challenges identified include limited resources, teacher readiness gaps, and difficulties in maintaining consistent integration of Islamic values across learning processes.The study underscores the need for improved teacher training to enhance their competence in delivering materials holistically and innovatively. Despite challenges, SDIT Adzkia 4 has succeeded in shaping a generation that excels intellectually while upholding strong religious values. Strengthening collaboration between the school and parents is crucial to optimizing the implementation of integrated Islamic education, ensuring that students are well-prepared for global challenges while rooted in their Islamic identity.

The low level of nationalism knowledge has led to the prominence of autonomous region implementation concerning the status of local people, low social concern, increased religious symbolism, rising acts of violence, and social disharmony, which have become serious issues in society. The aim of this research is to produce the Peace Generation Games Learning Media to enhance global nationalism awareness among students at IISIP Yapis Biak Papua. The research uses the development model from Borg and Gall, which includes planning, product design, product validation, product trials, and final product. The validation showed no need for revision. The trial was conducted on students by measuring their accuracy in answering questions during the game within a 5-second duration to assess their knowledge of global nationalism. The average result of the Peace Generation Games without revisions shows that 20 students completed the game successfully. Based on the results, it can be concluded that this learning media is valid, practical, and effective, thus improving the learning process in enhancing global nationalism awareness among students.

This study aims to improve the understanding of addition concepts of numbers 1-10 in first-grade elementary school students through the use of number cube learning media. The research method used is an experimental method with a pre-test and post-test design. The research subjects were first-grade students divided into two groups: an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group was taught using number cube learning media, while the control group was taught using conventional methods. Data were collected through tests of understanding the addition concepts of numbers 1-10 before and after learning. The results showed a significant increase in the understanding of addition concepts of numbers 1-10 in the experimental group that used number cube learning media compared to the control group. The use of number cubes provides a concrete and interactive visual representation, thus helping students understand the concept of addition more effectively. This indicates that number cube learning media is effective in improving the understanding of addition concepts of numbers 1-10 in first-grade students. This study recommends the use of number cube learning media as an innovative and effective alternative learning method to improve the understanding of mathematical concepts in young children. Further research can be conducted to investigate the effectiveness of number cube learning media on other mathematical materials and at different educational levels. In addition, further research is needed on the development of more varied and interesting number cube learning media for students.

Ordinary differential equations (PDB) play an important role in various fields of science, from physics to biology, to model dynamic phenomena. Numerical methods such as Runge-Kutta are often used to solve GDP when an exact solution cannot be obtained. This research focuses on modifying the fifth order Runge-Kutta method to increase accuracy and efficiency in solving certain GDPs. The performance evaluation includes error and computation time analysis to assess the improvements provided by this modification. Experimental results show that the modified method is able to reduce errors significantly without a significant increase in computing time. This study contributes to the development of more accurate numerical methods for solving PDB, especially for applications with high precision requirements. The use of this modified fifth-order Runge-Kutta method can be a better choice for various complex PDB problems that require a higher level of accuracy without significant compromise in performance.

The discussion method is an effective learning strategy for enhancing student engagement in the learning process. In this process, the teacher's role is crucial in creating an environment that supports active interaction and collaboration among students. This study identifies several key roles of the teacher in the discussion method, including being a facilitator, topic organizer, process guide, and feedback provider. The research findings indicate that teachers who actively facilitate discussions can increase student participation, develop critical thinking skills, and create a positive learning atmosphere. By effectively applying the discussion method, teachers can maximize students' potential in achieving the desired learning objectives.
 
 

Leadership in Islamic education is a crucial element that influences the quality and effectiveness of the learning process. This research focuses on the definition of leadership from an Islamic perspective, identifying the characteristics of leadership exemplified by the Prophet Muhammad, as well as digging deeper into the common features of Islamic leadership that have proven successful in various educational contexts. Through a literature review and qualitative approach, this research seeks to clarify how leadership based on Islamic values can have a significant impact on the success of educational institutions. The Prophet Muhammad, as the ultimate example, demonstrated effective leadership through traits such as justice, trustworthiness, exemplary leadership, and good communication skills. These values not only build a strong leadership foundation, but are also relevant to be applied in modern education systems. In addition, the distinctive features of Islamic leadership, such as integrity, justice and responsibility, are important factors in the success of Islamic education. The results show that the application of Islamic leadership values can contribute to improving the overall quality of education, both in terms of character development and academic achievement. The study also provides practical recommendations for educational leaders in applying Islamic leadership principles and offers guidance for further research focusing on the practical application of Islamic leadership in contemporary education.

Human resource development and management activities are very important as an effort to produce employees who are agile and competent in carrying out their job duties. This is the task of the Managerial Competency Development Division at the Central Kalimantan Human Resources Development Agency (BPSDM). This research aims to find out how the Provincial Apparatus Training Activities are implemented at BPSDM Central Kalimantan by the Managerial Competency Development Sector. The method used in this research is a qualitative method with descriptive research type through observation, interviews and documentation. The results of this research are that BPSDM Central Kalimantan Province in the Managerial field offers several training courses such as PKN II, PKA, PKP, LATSAR and DPRD Member Orientation which are designed in a structured and well-organized manner to ensure that participants acquire the relevant knowledge, skills and attitudes needed to carry out their duties. effectively and efficiently. This is interpreted from the existence of a clear curriculum, varied learning methods, competent teachers, objective evaluation and certification for training participants who have completed the learning.

The set theory approach, which is often used in pure mathematics, can be applied to analyze relations between indigenous communities in Papua. This article maps cultural relations between three main indigenous communities Kamoro, Amungme, and Dani with a mathematical approach. Each community is represented as a collection of unique cultural elements, such as wood carving traditions (Kamoro), mountain beliefs (Amungme), and ancestral mummy traditions (Dani). This analysis involves the concepts of intersection, combination, and complementation to identify similarities, uniqueness, and potential conflicts and synergies between communities. This study found that although there is no direct cultural intersection, the combination of cultural elements shows significant richness. This approach provides a systematic tool for understanding relationships between communities, supporting cultural preservation, and creating social harmony.

Education is an essential component in an individual’s life which plays a role in providing self-development, determining the future, and forming national identity. In the educational process, reading skills are an important aspect because reading is the key to gaining knowledge. A high interest in reading will encourage students to learn independently and broaden their horizons. However, interest in reading is often influenced by internal factors such as understanding the benefits of reading, and external factors such as the social environment and the availability of learning media.  Games Book-based learning media is one solution to increase students’ reading interest. This media combines game elements with learning, creating an interactive and fun learning atmosphere. Games Books are also able to stimulate creativity, increase learning motivation, and support collaborative learning. In its implementation, this media is designed to attract students’ attention with educational games such as mazes, puzzles, puzzles and other games. As a result, the use of this media has proven to be effective in increasing students’ reading interest. This research aims to explore the potential of using Games Books in increasing students’ reading interest, especially at the elementary school level. With a creative educational approach, it is hoped that this media can make a positive contribution to the learning process, support the achievement of educational goals, and create meaningful learning experiences.
 

Students have low confidence in PAI learning can be seen from the symptoms that look like hesitant while speaking in front of the class and silence when appointed Master to move forward in the front of the class. The confidence of manifests is comfortable in the environment where the individual is so that individuals feel confident of a step and decision he takes to achieve its expected goals. Confidence is necessary to students to create a good learning attitude so that it can achieve optimal learning achievement. To answer this, the Role Playing model is to complete it, the implementation of the Role Playing learning model in increasing confidence, with the goal to obtain information about the level and the extent to which the Role Playing learning model can increase confidence. For research methods, researchers use descriptive qualitative methods. Interviews, observation and documentation as data collection. And Miles and Hubberman techniques as the data analysis technique, with the procedure of analysis, with the procedure 1) data collection, 2) data reduction, 3) data presentation and 4) Verification of data, as well as data inspection techniques 1) credibitiasi, 2) Tranferability and 3) The dependability as the result of this research is a learning model of role playing can increase student confidence, on the other hand the dominant students are more understandable about the material taught, given the students of elementary school 1 tend to be active and expressive so it can be said the role playing model is very relevant to the students of elementary school class.
Islamic Education

Interest is a sense of interest in something, while learning is the process of producing knowledge, skills and behavior. therefore, interest in learning is an interest in the learning process. This research focuses on the low interest in seeking knowledge by students in Indonesian language learning at level 5 of public elementary school 3 cintabodas, culamega sub-district. This research serves to identify things that make the lack of interest in participating in Indonesian language learning and its influence on the skills of students in capturing and applying to Indonesian language learning. the results of the study indicate that the lack of interest of students in participating in Indonesian language learning is due to the views of students who think that Indonesian language learning is easy and monotonous learning methods in order to develop Indonesian language learning, teachers are advised to apply creative learning methods with varied media. this analysis uses a descriptive qualitative approach with information obtained through question and answer results and evidence and involves educators as the main source.

This study aims to examine the role of educational management leadership in improving the quality of education in schools. In the context of education, school leadership has a significant influence on managing and developing a conducive school environment. Three research questions addressed in this study are: (1) the role of the school principal in managing education, (2) leadership strategies in creating a conducive school environment, and (3) the impact of leadership on the quality of education. The research method employed is a qualitative approach, with data collection through interviews, observations, and document studies. The results indicate that effective leadership, such as implementing participatory leadership, fostering a positive culture, and utilizing technology in management, can enhance teachers' competencies and students' learning outcomes. The study also finds that principals who successfully create a positive school culture contribute to increasing motivation and performance among all school members.

This article discusses the crucial role of parental love and support in promoting the growth and development of young children with special needs. Children with special needs require a more specific and consistent approach to supporting their physical, emotional, and social development. Parents play a central role in providing a safe, comfortable, and loving environment that can stimulate the abilities and skills of the child. Through an inspirational story of a mother who successfully supports her child with special needs to achieve academic success, this article explores how intensive parental attention can have a significant positive impact. Parental love not only creates a harmonious relationship but also fosters self-confidence in the child, enhances adaptability, and strengthens social skills needed for independence. Research shows that children with special needs who receive full parental support tend to experience more optimal development compared to those who do not receive the same support. This article highlights the importance of educating parents to understand the specific conditions and needs of children with special needs, as well as to apply appropriate parenting methods to support the child's future success.
 
 

The first problem faced by students is the ability to represent AMT when learning mathematics. In Indonesia, mathematics is a subject that is less popular with most students because it is complicated and difficult to understand. Mathematical material and mathematical thinking skills are two things that continue to develop, namely between mathematical material that is understood and students' mathematical thinking skills that need to be further developed through mathematics learning and mathematical material that continues to be developed more widely. This study aims to compare several AMT learning strategies for students. This study can improve the abilities that students already have to be better. Especially the development of mathematical abilities in students, one of which is AMT ability. Therefore, in learning mathematics, it is necessary to develop students' AMT abilities. The research method used in this study is descriptive analysis. This study also uses a Randomized Pretest Posttest Control Group Design research design. The results of experimental research on the effect of learning strategies on students' AMT abilities. The use of cooperative learning in learning activities in schools has various advantages or benefits. Strength is oriented towards optimal learning activities so that learning objectives can be achieved effectively through the support of lecturers and students in learning. In addition, the selection of learning strategies used by lecturers is greatly influenced by the nature of the subjects to be taught and is also influenced by the level of AMT ability that already exists in students.

This study aims to solve the population dynamics model using the Euler method, where the model is a nonlinear differential equation. The research methods used are literature study and simulation methods. In theory, the Euler Method is a numerical method that is often used in solving initial value problems. The Euler method is obtained by decomposing a function into a Taylor series up to two initial terms. This method has an accuracy of one.

At the management theory lutter gulick advanced, that budgeting is the central part of management. The program will pass premeditated when the funding is sufficient to finance the program. Including the principal's needs program. Unfortunately, though, the school principal's needs are rarely given a clear signal, and if they are realized, others like the mark up of the budget may arise. Such issues require resolution so that there is no swelling in the budgetary process, to which this inscription appears. As for the research methods used in this study are qualitative research methods, to be exact library research. With a documentary data collection technique and data analysis analysis of content analysis. His research was a projection of the principal's needs essential to the quality of education. This need has to adjust the dynamic growth of schools and policies. The main challenges include a lack of a competent headmaster, an unstandardized recruiting process, anda difficult mapping of needs in the area. Effective solutions include sustained training, instructional leadership, and stakeholder collaboration.
 

This research is classroom action research (PTK) carried out at MA Darusslam Manuju District. Gowa which aims to improve Mathematics Learning Activities Using the Means Ends Analysis Method. The subjects of this research were class X students. Data were collected using student activity observation sheets. The collected data was analyzed using quantitative and qualitative analysis. The results of the research showed that the average percentage of student activity in cycle I was 29.63% with a little category. and in cycle II it was 55.73% in the many category. So an increase of 26.1% was obtained. These results can be concluded that there has been an increase in Mathematics Learning activities using the Means Ends Analysis Method.

This study aims to explore and analyze how the Daily Activities program can contribute to building morality of elementary school students. The method used in this study is library research, which collects and analyzes various literature, articles, and academic sources related to the development of children's morality through daily activities at school. The results of the study show that a structured and planned Daily Activities program can be an effective means of instilling moral values, such as honesty, responsibility, and cooperation among students. In addition, activities that involve social interaction and experiential learning can increase students' moral awareness and form positive characters. This research is expected to contribute to the development of a more holistic and oriented educational curriculum that is oriented to the formation of student character, as well as a reference for educators in designing programs that support the development of morality in the school environment.

This study aims to analyze the role of technology-based learning media in increasing the reading interest of elementary school (SD) students in the digital era. Using a qualitative approach, data was collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis in several schools that have implemented technology in the learning process. So that data collection techniques are obtained from the results of observations, interviews, and literature studies. The results showed that the use of media such as e-books, educational apps, and interactive videos significantly increased students' interest in reading, with students showing higher enthusiasm for the reading material presented interactively. In addition, support from teachers and parents is very important in creating a conducive learning environment. These findings confirm that the integration of technology in learning not only makes the learning process more interesting, but also contributes to the improvement of literacy elementary school students. This research is expected to provide insight for educators and policymakers in designing more effective learning strategies.
 

Peers play a very important role in character formation, especially students' disciplined character. One of the roles of peers is to provide encouragement or motivation to other friends. The aim of this research is to find out the role of peers in forming disciplined character and the impact of the role of peers. The method in this research uses descriptive qualitative methods using words or narratives to analyze and describe certain phenomena. The results of this research are that peers can help in forming a disciplined character, in the end a person must have internal motivation and personal commitment to remain disciplined.
 

This research aims to describe competitive advantage which focuses on competitive strength, competitive area, and competitive results in improving the quality of Islamic education at SMAS Islam Sunan Gunung Jati Ngunut Tulungagung. This research uses a qualitative approach with a field study type. The method used in this research is descriptive with data collection techniques using in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. The data analysis technique in this research was carried out in three stages, namely data condensation, data presentation, and verification of findings. Checking the validity of data in research uses extension and persistence of participation. The results of this research show that (1) the competitive strength of SMAS Islam Sunan Gunung Jati Ngunut Tulungagung refers to its advantages and differentiates it from competitors, thereby providing a competitive advantage in the market. (2) The competitive area includes certain market segments or the entire market targeted by educational institutions. (3) Then the competitive results are reflected in the institution's ability to attract prospective students, provide quality education, and meet the needs of students and parents effectively.

The utilization of information and communication technology (ICT) in the management of educational institutions has become a key element of improving operational efficiency and effectiveness in the digital era. This study aims to investigate the role of ICT in data management, management, learning processes, and communication in educational environments. Using literature review techniques and secondary data analysis, this study found that the use of ICT increases information transparency, accuracy and speed, improving resource management and decision-making. However, ICT implementation also faces many challenges, such as infrastructure limitations, lack of technical capacity of human resources, and resistance to change. Overcoming these barriers requires a comprehensive and sustainable strategy. The results of this study are expected to provide insights to stakeholders in education regarding better management and optimization of ICT utilization to achieve quality education.unik.

This research aims to improve the learning outcomes of grade V students of SD Negeri 2 Kalikebo. This study uses the Numbered Heads Together (NHT) learning model in the mathematics subject of fraction multiplication material. This Classroom Action Research (PTK) uses the Kemmis and Taggart model. The subjects of this study were fifth grade students of SD Negeri 2 Kalikebo, totaling 20 students. Data collection techniques through evaluation tests, observation, and documentation. The results showed that: (1) students become more active in learning activities. (2) there was an increase in math learning outcomes in fifth grade students of SD Negeri 2 Kalikebo. The percentage of completeness of learning outcomes during the pre-cycle was 5 students or 25% of 20 students, then cycle I there were 10 students or 50%, and in cycle II there were 16 students or 80% who reached KKTP ?70.

The objective of this research is to find out the differences between Traditional Games and Learning results in the interpersonal intelligence of children 6-8 years old. The research used the experimental method with a 2x2 factorial design. The research findings are as follows, 1). Interpersonal intelligence Students group 6-8 years old who use traditional game goro are higher than student group who use traditional game tengge-tengge, 2). There is an interaction effect between traditional games and learning results toward interpersonal intelligence of children 6-8 years old, 3). Interpersonal intelligence Students group 6-8 years old who have high learning results which using traditional game goro are higher than using traditional tengge-tengge, 4). Interpersonal intelligence Students group 6-8 years old who have low learning results which using traditional game tengge-tengge are higher than using traditional goro.
 

Children are a gift and a trust that Allah gives to His servants who will be responsible in the afterlife. As parents, we have an obligation to educate our children from an early age. Early childhood development is closely related to the environment and family. The aim of this research is to explain the responsibilities of parents in their children's education. This research uses qualitative research methods which are presented in an educational descriptive manner. The results of this research show that parents are the first place where children receive education in the family. A child's personality is initially formed in the family. Parents must have concepts and arrangements regarding their children's education, such as moral education, character education, science education, religious knowledge education, fair treatment of children, and giving love and care to children. Parents are role models for their children. Therefore, the role of parents in developing and shaping children's personalities from an early age is very important.
 

Bilingualism in the 21st century is becoming increasingly relevant and important in the context of increasing globalization, technology, and social mobility. Like the word psychology, which just joined the world of education in the 20th century. The development of psychology is psycholinguistic. Bilingualism in group discussions provides many advantages in both academic and professional settings. Besides, bilingualism can be used in everyday life and acts as a communication bridge for interlocutors who are in the neighborhood of a variety of areas. This research is qualitative, with a qualitatively descriptive approach. The data came from a group of English-language education students and was obtained through observational research instruments and interviews. The data referred to in this study covers some of the benefits of bilingualism in group discussions. It can be concluded that this study found some benefits of bilingualism for group discussion by FKIP University Subang English Education Students through interviews with several students. The findings of the study yielded significant benefits to the students: improved communication skills, facilitated interaction with members, increased confidence, and added new vocabulary.

The study was designed to : (1) Explore the strategies used by studente who work part-time in managing time and setting prioritie, (2) Assess the professionalism of students who work part-time, (3) Know the psychological conditions experienced.The method used is qualitative research with data collection techniques in form of interviews with 2 subjects who match the research criteria. The data analysis technique is based on interview transcripts with the subject, data reduction that has been validated by the subject, data exposure as well as data presentation, and conclusions.The results showed that both subjects could manage time management between college and work activities. If based on the aspects of time management, both subjects show similar aspects aspects and are able to carry out time management. (1) The time management of the two subjects through the strategies used in time management, (2) The attitude of professionalism shown, and (3) How to manage personal/psychic conditions.

This research aims to examine the strategies of commercial radio broadcasting in the digital age. Despite having a long history as one of the oldest mass media, radio remains relevant today. This research uses the literature study method. The findings show that the strategies of commercial radio broadcasting involve the use of digital platforms for streaming, content diversification including videos and podcasts, and the utilization of user data for personalization. The main challenges faced include retaining audience attention, improving content quality, cost-effectiveness, and maintaining privacy. However, the digital era also brings opportunities such as increased connectivity with listeners, content diversity, new advertising possibilities, and advancements in technologies like artificial intelligence.

The main problem in this research is the influence of STAD type cooperative learning assisted by interactive multimedia on fourth grade Mathematics learning outcomes at Bantaeng Muhammadiyah Elementary School. This research aims to determine the effect of STAD type cooperative learning on fourth grade Mathematics learning outcomes at Muhammadiyah Bantaeng Elementary School by implementing STAD type cooperative learning assisted by interactive multimedia. This type of research is a pre-experiment with a one group pretest and posttest design consisting of one class carried out in 4 meetings. The population in this study was all fourth grade students at SD Muhammadiyah Bantaeng consisting of 18 people, with 12 female students and 6 male students. The sampling method is using a saturated sample. Saturated sampling is a sampling technique, if all members of the population are used as samples. The results of the research show that the average value of student learning outcomes before implementing STAD Type Cooperative Learning Assisted by Interactive Multimedia was obtained with a score of 36.11 from 18 students. There were 3 students who completed and 15 students who did not complete with a standard deviation value of 25,469, while the average value of student learning outcomes after implementing STAD type cooperative learning assisted by interactive multimedia was obtained with a value of 93.89 from 18 students. There were 18 students who completed with a standard deviation value of 6,978. Based on hypothesis testing using the T test, if the sig value is smaller than 0.05, then there is an influence of variable x on variable y. After carrying out the T test, research results were obtained with a value of 0.002, which means 0.002 < 0.05, which means there is an influence.

This research aims to find out the views of the public regarding the issue of the implementation of free 12-year tuition fees (Sumbangan Pembinaan Pendidikan) from elementary, junior high, to high school levels in the Riau Islands. The sources of this research were obtained from students and university students located in Tanjungpinang. This type of research uses a qualitative approach. This research uses primary data. Primary data used in this study were obtained directly through distributing questionnaires to respondents. This study involved 32 people, including students and students in Tanjungpinang City. One of the factors that cause a weak educational foundation is the low level of income and the large population in Indonesia. Analyzing the quality of education is very important before schools receive assistance or mentoring, and this issue is not only related to money. It was found that communication between policymakers and implementers can change how programs are run.

The low results of daily tests on mathematics subjects regarding integer arithmetic operations indicate a lack of mastery of the material. This research aims to increase elementary school students' understanding of integer counting operations through the use of charged coins. Charged coin media uses capsule coins with positive and negative charges attached to cardboard, which is designed to help students understand the concept of integer counting operations. The research method used is a literature review where researchers use journals contained in GoogleSchool which were published in 2015-2023. Based on this research, the results showed that the use of charged coin media is very appropriate for increasing students' understanding of mathematical concepts in whole number operations.
 

This study aims to describe: (1) The role of teachers in enhancing students' critical thinking skills in the IPAS (Integrated Science) subject at SD Negeri 1 Beluk, and (2) The factors influencing the role of teachers in improving students' critical thinking skills in the IPAS subject at SD Negeri 1 Beluk. This qualitative research employs a descriptive analysis method and was conducted over three months, from March to May 2024. Primary data sources include fourth-grade teachers and students at SD Negeri 1 Beluk, collected through observations and interviews. Data credibility was tested using triangulation. The data analysis technique follows the interactive model of Miles and Huberman, consisting of data collection, data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results of the study indicate that: (1) Teachers play roles as educators, demonstrators, classroom managers, facilitators, mentors, motivators, and evaluators in enhancing students' critical thinking skills in the IPAS subject. The effective use of lesson plans (RPP) and evaluation instruments by teachers is observed to significantly improve students' critical thinking skills. (2) The factors influencing students' critical thinking skills include psychological factors, physiological factors, learning independence, and anxiety.

The purpose of this study is to improve teacher performance through the implementation of academic supervision. The research method used is School Action Research (PTS) with a quantitative descriptive approach. Data collection techniques with observation, interviews, and documentation. Research results shows that academic supervision shows an increase in scores in aspects of learning planning and implementation. Although it is still in the sufficient category, it is because it continues to eventually increase. This result can be achieved because of good cooperation between the Principal and supervised teachers. The Principal discusses with the teacher the problems faced by the teacher in the process of planning and implementing lessons. Academic supervision carried out by the Principal is an effort to improve teaching, including stimulating, selecting the growth of positions and the development of teachers and revising learning objectives, teaching materials, methods, evaluation or assessment of teaching. Academic supervision can help teachers to learn and understand their duties and roles as educators.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat validitas, praktikalitas dan efektivitas perancangan media pembelajaran Game Edukasi Pada Mata Pelajaran Informatika Kelas X Perhotelan di SMK Negeri 9 Padang Tahun Ajaran 2023/2024. Jenis penelitian ini yaitu research & development. Model pengembangan yang digunakan adalah model penelitian pengembangan (ADDIE model), dengan desain langkah-langkah pengembangannya adalah sebagai berikut. (1) Analyze, (2) design, (3) development, (4) Implementation dan (5) Evaluate. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 30 orang. Keseluruhan penilaian uji validator terhadap Media Pembelajaran Game Edukasi Pada Mata Pelajaran Informatika Kelas X Perhotelan di SMK Negeri 9 Padang sebesar 93,98%, dengan interprestasi sangat valid digunakan. Keseluruhan penilaian praktikalitas terhadap Media Pembelajaran Game Edukasi Pada Mata Pelajaran Informatika Kelas X Perhotelan di SMK Negeri 9 Padang 93,20%, dengan interprestasi sangat praktis digunakan. Hasil penilaian uji Efektivitas secara keseluruhan penilaian Efektivitas Media Pembelajaran Game Edukasi Pada Mata Pelajaran Informatika Kelas X Perhotelan di SMK Negeri 9 Padang sebesar 92,40%, dengan interprestasi sangat efektif digunakan. Kesimpulannya, bahwasanya media pembelajaran Game Edukasi sebagai Game Edukasi sudah teruji kelayakan, keunggulan, dan dapat digunakan dalam kegiatan pembelajaran pada mata pelajaran Informatika Kelas X Perhotelan di SMK Negeri 9 Padang.

This study is a correlational quantitative research. The study aims to find out the relationship between adult attachment style and toxic relationship in dating Guidance and Counseling students and to find out how high the level of adult attachment style and toxic relationship level in dating Guidance and Counseling students. The subjects totaled 102 students. Data collection used the adult attachment style scale with 62 valid items with a reliability test value of 0.971 and the toxic relationship scale with 37 valid items with a reliability test score of 0.999. The results showed that there was a negative relationship between adult attachment style and toxic relationship with a high level of significance with a value of r -0.712 and p < .001. The level of adult attachment style of dating students is classified as high with a percentage of 43%. The level of toxic relationships in students who are dating is classified as low with a percentage of 52%. Based on these results, it can be seen that the higher the level of adult attachment style, the level of toxic relationships tends to decrease, and vice versa

The existence of child exploitation and child labor will add to labor problems in Indonesia. The term "child labor" refers to people who employ children. The term "child labor" can be associated with the use of children's labor with low compensation or considerations regarding their personality development, safety, health, and future prospects. Most child workers do not have time to play or go to school like other children. Underage people work as hard as adults, both in formal and informal jobs. To save child labor in the future, a holistic and comprehensive solution model is needed. One method that can be used is a client-centered case management approach (centered on the client or child worker).

In the world of education, we really need every support from every circle because a student's success in learning is due to this support. Determine the right model needed to help this progress by determining the right model according to the problems faced by students. In this research, the researcher aims to collaborate between teachers and parents to help the learning progress of elementary school students at SDI Harekakae. The sample I took was 30 students with different abilities so that researchers could measure the extent of collaboration between parents and teachers to help students develop progress. Initial observations in this study provided data from 8 statements, each of which had a weight that did not meet the target of <80% with an average score of 40%. So in this implementation the researcher held a meeting with parents and teachers to enter into a collaboration agreement. In this meeting the teachers agreed to carry out 8 statements by signing the activity contract. During the implementation, researchers carried out monitoring by providing activity observations. However, the results obtained were that 2 statements did not meet the target, while 6 statements met, meaning that out of 8 statements, 80% were successful. So it can be concluded that in collaboration there are several obstacles, in this case family finances also influence.

Tadris Mathematics students have difficulty understanding complex analysis courses when studying independently because many students still lack confidence in doing assignments and only rely on help from others. Learning difficulties greatly affect learning independence. This study aims to determine the level of difficulty in learning complex analysis based on students' learning independence. The research method used in this research is descriptive with a qualitative approach. The data collection technique used was purposive sampling by distributing questionnaires in the form of google forms given to 20 students of the Tadris Mathematics study program at UIN K.H Abdurrahman Wahid Pekalongan. Then the researcher conducted interviews with three students as representatives of classes A, B, C. The results of the study show that in general, Tadris Mathematics students have learning difficulties based on independence and difficulty understanding language in complex analysis courses. This learning independence can create students' ability to control and organize themselves in carrying out learning activities.

This research aims to determine the effect of using Scrapbook media on the speaking skills learning outcomes of Class IV UPT SDN Tabang No. Students. 24 Selayar Islands. This research is experimental research, namely the Pre-Experimental Design type. The population and sample in this study were all class IV students at UPT SDN Tabang No. 24 Selayar Islands, totaling 20 people. This research was carried out at UPT SDN Tabang No. 24 Selayar Islands. Based on the results of student activity before using Scrapbook media during the pretest, it shows that student activity is still not active, where the average score of student activity in learning is 5.68% and after applying Scrapbook media during the posttest shows a significant change in student activity, where the score The average student activity in learning is 95%. The results of data analysis, student learning outcomes after applying Scrapbook media to students' speaking skills showed that the average score of students experienced a significant change, namely 94.3 higher with a score range of 41 compared to the pretest or before the treatment was implemented, namely 47.16 with a score range 69. Based on the test results, it can be concluded that the use of Scrapbook media influences the speaking skills learning outcomes of class IV UPT SDN Tabang No. students. 24 Selayar Islands.

This research aims to understand the school's policies in addressing learning difficulties of students at SDI Bimoku. This qualitative research uses a case study approach, with subjects being students experiencing learning difficulties and the object of study being the school's policies in addressing these difficulties. The principal and class teachers, who handle the students directly, are the primary sources of data obtained through interviews and observations at SDI Bimoku in Kupang City. Secondary data sources are gathered from books, the internet, and other documents. Data analysis in this study follows the Miles & Huberman method, which includes data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The validity of the data is tested using the triangulation technique. The results show that learning difficulties at SDI Bimoku include both academic and non-academic challenges. The causes of these difficulties are internal and external factors. The school's policies to address student learning difficulties include initial tests, teacher observation during the learning process, remedial programs, and curriculum adjustments. These policies, implemented through various school programs, largely meet the school's expected outcomes, though some students require special and longer-term attention due to persistent learning difficulties. However, based on the obtained information, the school's programs have improved the grades of several students who previously had learning difficulties. Overall, it can be concluded that the school's policies through these programs are considered successful.
 
 

This research is classroom action research (PTK). The aim of this research is to improve the ability to write descriptive paragraphs through a hands-on based learning model for class X students at SMAN 9 Gowa. The benefit of this research is that it can add to the scientific knowledge of language, the importance of teaching Indonesian, especially learning to write descriptive paragraphs. Apart from that, this research is expected to be useful for teachers, for students, for the author himself, and for research. The subjects of this research are class male and 7 female students. This research was carried out in two cycles, and each cycle was carried out in 4 meetings including a test at the end of each cycle. The data obtained was then analyzed using quantitative and qualitative analysis. The research results achieved after implementing the hands-on based learning model (1) can improve Indonesian language learning outcomes on the subject of descriptive paragraphs in class "low" from the ideal score of 100, while in cycle II there was an increase in the average score of 85.51, being in the high category with an ideal score of 100. (2) data from observations in each cycle showed a change in students' attitudes in a more positive direction. , namely students pay attention to the discussion of the material and students' ability to work on assignments individually increases. (3) Implementing Indonesian language learning on the subject of descriptive paragraphs using a hands-on based learning model can improve the skills of writing descriptive paragraphs in class X students at SMAN Gowa.
 
 

Transactional analysis counseling was developed from Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory and the discovery of the workings of the brain. The aim of this research is to find out about transactional analysis counseling philosophically based on the results of literature studies. This research uses qualitative methods with a literature study type. The method used in this type of literature study is to search for data or material by reviewing and collecting information from various credible and relevant sources such as scientific journals, articles, books and others related to the topic discussed, namely transactional analysis counseling based on ego state counseling theory. Then note down the important points that are appropriate to the research problem. (1) The results of this research include the Basic Philosophy of Transactional Analysis Counseling. (2) Main Concepts of Transactional Analysis Counseling (3) Objectives of Transactional Analysis Counseling, (4) Ego state theory, (5) Role and function of the counselor in transactional analysis counseling, (6)Counselee experience in counseling. (7) Procedure for Transactional Analysis Counseling Stages. (8) Transactional Analysis Counseling Techniques.

The research titled "Development of Physical Education Learning Media for Forward Roll Material for Third Semester Physical Education Students at UMMAH" aims to produce interactive learning media in the form of a CD for forward roll material. This research uses a qualitative approach, with the population being all third-semester Physical Education students at UMMAH, totaling 26 students as the sample. Data collection techniques include observation and questionnaires. The research results show that: (1)Validation by material and media experts declared the media feasible to use without revision after three and two stages of evaluation, respectively. (2)Students stated that this learning media facilitates understanding and increases learning motivation. The appearance aspect is rated good and simple, while the quality of the text and video is considered easy to understand. The overall average rating of multimedia quality is "very good" with a score of 4.33.

This study aims to determine (1) the influence of school principal's role on teacher work productivity, (2) organizational climate influence on teacher work productivity, and (3) influence of principal role and organizational climate together to productivity of junior high school teacher Kecamatan Batanghari Kabupaten Lampung Timur, as many as 170 teachers, were used as research samples of 63 teachers and 20 teachers of sample experiments outside the specified sample. Instruments used in the form of questionnaires previously tested for validity and reliability. Data analysis using Regression analysis.Based on the analysis, the following results are obtained: 1) The role of principal contributes to teacher work productivity of 3.2%; 2) Organizational climate contributes to teacher work productivity of 21.6%; and 3) Roles of school principals and organizational climate together contributes to teacher work productivity of 13.5%. The conclusion is taken that the productivity of junior high school teachers in Kecamatan Batanghari Kabupaten Lampung Timur will increase, which is influenced by the effective role of headmaster along with the conducive organizational climate applied.

This research uses correlative quatitaive research. The sample in this study amounted to 65 students of the Guidance and Counseling Study Program. The data collection technique used in this research is by distributing questionnaires using a google form link with a Likert scale statemen. Data collection uses a cyberbullying experience scale with 34 valid items with a reliability test value of 0.952 and a self-confidence scale with 40 valid items with a reliability test value of 0.970.The results in this study prove: 1) There is a negative relationship with a Pearson Correlation correlation value of -648 with a significance level of 0.000. 2) The level of cyberbullying experience in Guidance and Counseling Study Program students is classified in the high category with a percentage of 38%. 3) The level of self-confidence in students of the Guidance and Counseling Study Program shows 2 levels of categories, namely the low category with a percentage of 32%  and the high category with a percentage of 31%.
 
 
 

This article aims to describe (tell) the form of implementation of affective learning carried out by the Prophet Khidir for the Prophet Musa and its application today. This research uses library research methodology and is qualitative in nature, because the data collected uses textual analysis contained in books and journals related to models, approaches, methods and learning techniques. The results of this research are the first in this study to obtain an understanding of affective learning strategies. Both characteristics of affective learning strategies. The three models of affective learning strategies. Fourth difficulty in affective learning strategies. Fifth, the implications of the affective learning strategy carried out by the prophet Khidir to the prophet Musa. Sixth: Implementation of today's affective learning strategies.

There are two ways to process test results to determine graduation standards, namely Norm Referenced Test (NRT) and Criteria Referenced Test (CRT). However, they differ in data processing function, which affects the outcome of data processing. Because the author tends to process score results based on norms with the reasoning that there are no absolute provisions put forth by one party in one direction. Therefore, through this article, the author tries to explain in depth about this Norm Referenced Test along with examples of score processing. This study uses a literature review with a qualitative approach. The results of this study show that with Norm Referenced Test, students' graduation will be determined by summing up or finding the average score from the final learning outcomes, and that's how they will be declared as either passing or failing participants. Like the test results processing discussion, where out of 25 students, after calculating the average score it was found to be 67.92, therefore if a student's score does not meet this requirement, they will be declared as not passing. This means among the group table receiving scores below 65 will need remedial, while scores of 70 and above are declared passing..