In educational research, identifying variables and determining data sources are essential components in designing a systematic and accurate study. Research variables refer to the elements that are observed and measured within a study. These variables can include student achievement, motivation, teaching strategies, or learning environment conditions. Generally, variables are categorized as independent, dependent, control, or moderator variables. The independent variable is the influencing factor, while the dependent variable is the outcome. Control variables are held constant to avoid interference, and moderator variables affect the strength or direction of the relationship. The process of identifying variables begins with formulating the research problem and objectives. By reviewing theoretical frameworks and previous studies, researchers can focus their investigation on measurable aspects. For instance, in a study about the effectiveness of online learning on student performance, the independent variable is online learning, while the dependent variable is student achievement. Beyond identifying variables, researchers must also determine the appropriate types of data sources. Data sources are generally divided into two categories: primary and secondary. Primary data are collected directly from research subjects, such as through interviews, observations, or questionnaires. Secondary data, on the other hand, are obtained from existing sources like documents, books, journals, or official reports. The choice of data source must align with the research approach—quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods. In quantitative research, primary data such as test scores or survey responses are used to measure variables numerically. In qualitative research, in-depth interviews and observations are commonly used to explore meanings and context. Using both types of data in combination can enhance data validity through triangulation. Ultimately, researchers must ensure the validity and reliability of their data, while also maintaining ethical standards in data collection and reporting. By understanding how to identify variables and select appropriate data sources, educational research can yield credible findings that contribute meaningfully to educational theory and practice.

Based on literature research conducted over the past five years, from 2020 to 2024, this study aims to analyze the positive and negative impacts of technology use on students' cognitive development in schools. Digital technology plays a significant role in modern education, both in supporting students' critical thinking, creativity and conceptual understanding, and in introducing risks such as decreased concentration and digital dependency. The method used was a literature study that used a sample of literature covering various levels of education, from elementary school to higher education, using relevant articles and journals. The results of the analysis show that technology can accelerate the learning process and increase students' learning motivation if used appropriately and accompanied by the role of parents or teachers. However, excessive and unsupervised use can lead to cognitive, social and emotional impairment. Therefore, a balanced strategy for using technology is needed so that the benefits can be maximized and the negative impacts minimized.

Rapid technological developments require technology integration in learning. Developing science and technology from an early age is one of the best approaches in the context of education in the era of globalization. Informatics subjects have been implemented in the Indonesian curriculum to ensure students' ability to use technology. Interactive learning media plays an important role in strengthening students' understanding of complex concepts. Conventional learning paradigms can be changed to be more interesting, collaborative, and relevant if used in education. One interesting learning media is Wordwall, an application that offers various game features to increase students' interest and motivation to learn. In the context of informatics learning in junior high schools, the use of Wordwall can be an effective alternative to help students remember the components of a computer system. In order to support the use of Wordwall in learning, a literature study was conducted to understand more deeply about the use of this application and the factors that influence it. This study applies the literature study method by collecting and analyzing several related references in the last 5-10 years to present relevant and up-to-date information. By evaluating the results of previous studies, we can conclude that the use of Wordwall in education promises significant progress in student learning outcomes and motivation.

This research examines the impact of utilizing Quizizz and learning facilities on the academic performance of students majoring in Office Administration Education at the State University of Jakarta. The study uses a quantitative approach with a descriptive method. The population consists of all students in the Faculty of Economics at the State University of Jakarta. A purposive sampling technique was used to select a sample of 40 students from the Office Administration Education Study Program, class of 2022, at the State University of Jakarta. Data was gathered through a questionnaire utilizing a 4-point Likert scale and analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques, validity tests, reliability tests, and hypothesis testing. The results of the study indicate that the use of Quizizz and learning facilities have a positive and significant effect on student learning outcomes.

Schools play a strategic role in developing students’ potential and preparing them to face the challenges of a dynamic life. This study aims to analyze the implementation of organizational management at SMP Negeri 1 Kota Bandung. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method with data collection techniques including observation, interviews, and document analysis. The objective is to understand the processes of planning, organizing, directing, and evaluating school management. The findings indicate that school management organization is carried out by emphasizing the role of the principal as the main leader and coordinator. This is demonstrated through efforts to effectively allocate resources, conduct teacher training, develop student socialization activities, and establish constructive relationships between the school and parents. The results show that good management positively impacts creating a conducive learning environment and achieving educational goals. This study provides theoretical and practical contributions to understanding the importance of systematic and sustainable school management.

Sustainable education plays a crucial role in enhancing independent learning among rural communities in the digital era. This article discusses the importance of sustainable education models in empowering rural populations to adapt to technological advancements. With limited access to formal education, many rural communities benefit from continuous education programs that equip them with relevant skills and knowledge. The implementation of digital-based education models facilitates flexible learning and encourages self-directed learning, allowing individuals to access educational resources from their homes. Furthermore, developing digital literacy skills is essential for rural residents to effectively utilize technology for learning purposes. This article also explores strategies for technology-based teaching that enhance the learning experience and ensure that educational materials are accessible and engaging. Ultimately, the findings indicate that sustainable digital education can significantly improve the skills and knowledge of rural communities, fostering a culture of lifelong learning and independence.

The change of Minister of Education is often followed by new policies that cause various reactions among the public, including students and educators. This study aims to understand public perceptions of the change of Minister of Education and its implications for curriculum policy. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with a questionnaire-based interview data collection method to educators and students. The results showed that most respondents had positive expectations of the new minister, especially regarding improving the quality of education and reducing the administrative burden on teachers. However, there were concerns about repeated curriculum changes. Respondents emphasized the importance of inclusive communication, strengthening the role of teachers and improving education infrastructure. Active stakeholder support is considered essential in realizing relevant, effective and sustainable education policies.

TIE DYE, a fabric dyeing technique that combines bright colors and unique patterns, which can be integrated into the context of art learning in elementary schools. At SDN Desa Salakbrojo, Kedungwuni, Pekalongan, the existence of the TIE DYE technique has begun to be introduced in the art education process, providing space for exploration of student creativity through a dynamic, colorful approach. This study aims to analyze the use of TIE DYE as an art learning method that can inspire students, improve fine motor skills, and introduce the concept of art in elementary education at SDN Desa Salakbrojo. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data were collected through observation, interviews with teachers, and document analysis related to the implementation of the TIE DYE technique in learning. Data sources also include student work produced during the learning process. The results of this study indicate that TIE DYE can be used as an alternative learning method that is fun and effective in improving children's creativity and art skills. The use of this technique also provides new insights into how to integrate batik art into the elementary education curriculum, which can increase students' learning motivation and self-expression. Thus, TIE DYE can be part of the development of innovative art education in elementary schools. Keywords: tie dye reborn, jumputan batik, elementary school

The Al-Qur'an Tahfidz program at SDIT Al-Iman aims to equip students with Al-Qur'an reading and memorization skills. This study employs the Countenance Stake evaluation model to assess program effectiveness. Results indicate the program successfully achieved its objectives through structured planning, systematic monitoring, and tailored improvement measures. The program positively impacts students' confidence and Al-Qur'an reading abilities. Recommendations for enhancement include increased parental involvement, digital monitoring systems, technology-based learning methods, and teacher training.

This study aims to analyze spelling errors in the use of Indonesian on social media platforms, focusing on a case study of Twitter menfess (X) of Veteran National Development University students in East Java. Social media has become a popular means of communication among students, but the use of Indonesian often uses non-standard language and the use of incorrect spelling. The method used in this study is qualitative descriptive analysis, in which 20 data were collected from menfess posted by students on Twitter (X) during a certain period. The results of the analysis show that there are many spelling errors in the college students' menfess posts on Twitter (X). The findings show that, although university students have an understanding of Indonesian language, the influence of social media and fast communication habits can cause a decline in language quality. This research is expected to provide insights for the development of language policy among university students, as well as raising awareness of the importance of good and correct language use in the digital era.

This study aims to determine (1) spelling and writing errors; (2) grammatical errors; (3) punctuation errors; and (4) inconsistent use of terms in Kompasiana's online news entitled "Pakuwon Mall Surabaya Green Building Innovation for a Sustainable Environment". This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with documentation methods and literature studies or literature reviews and observations as data collection techniques. Based on the analysis carried out, there are several related errors: (1) spelling errors including typos and use of prepositions; (2) grammatical errors including incorrect use of sentence subjects and use of phrases; (3) punctuation errors including the lack of use of commas in several sentences; and (4) inconsistent use of terms including the use of foreign languages ??that are not accompanied by their meanings.
 
 
 

Code-switching and code-mixing are common in various types of media, such as movies, TV shows, books, and articles. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach to examine and describe data on code-switching and code-mixing. By using this approach, the researcher can provide a detailed description of how this linguistic phenomenon occurs in the context of the movie. The researcher collected data by watching and listening to the movie Turah and taking notes. This allowed the researcher to record the form of code-switching and code-mixing. The purpose of this study is to describe how the form of code-switching and code-mixing, as well as the factors that can cause the occurrence of code-switching and code-mixing

This study aims to explore the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the literacy levels of Indonesian students, with a focus on changes in reading habits and the application of literacy in daily life. The methodology used in this research is a descriptive approach combining both quantitative and qualitative methods. Data were collected through questionnaires and interviews, which were analyzed to measure students' literacy interest levels and to understand their views on literacy. The results show that the pandemic has led to a significant decline in students' reading habits, caused by factors such as online learning, digital fatigue, limited access to reading materials, and increased use of social media. To address this, it is recommended to provide broader access to reading materials and create an environment that supports literacy, both at school and at home.

This article looks at developments in learning to understand Arabic. The main aim of this article is to find out how effective learning tools are that focus on mastering knowledge first rather than improving other language skills. Vocabulary is very important to master Arabic. The problem raised is how effective media is in increasing mastery of Arabic vocabulary. The results of research and discussions show that this learning tool is very effective in improving Arabic language comprehension.

The use of language on social media at this time, there are often various errors in word forms in morphology that are interesting to analyze. This happens because social media users such as Instagram express themselves freely without being bound by formal language rules. Social media is also a place where language rules are constantly changing, so that word forms often change. For example, the use of affixes or remixes in social media that is not in accordance with the rules, but is still understood by netizens in more informal communication. This study aims to analyze morphological errors such as affixation and reduplication in @dewiperssik9 Instagram views. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method with a documentation observation approach. Data collected through recording and shooting on the Instagram site display @dewiperssik9 related to affixation and reduplication. The data that has been collected will be analyzed to find morphological changes or irregularities. The results of this study show that there are many errors in the use of affixation and reduplication. These errors include improper prefixes and syphilis, as well as differences in reduplication patterns. These findings show how changes in the use of language in the digital age, can help develop the study of linguistics on social media.

Youth involvement in deviant behavior, including violence and bullying, is a major problem in education in Indonesia, particularly in SMN 2 Tarutung. The purpose of this study was to determine the different types of juvenile delinquency and analyze the components that contribute to these behaviors. Data were collected through observations, surveys and in-depth interviews with students and teachers using a qualitative approach with a case study design. The results showed that juvenile delinquency includes serious behaviors such as substance abuse and promiscuity to minor discipline violations. Negative interactions with peers, an unsupportive family environment, and students' disengaged attitudes with school are some of the influential factors. The impact of this delinquency creates an unfavorable environment for learning.

Improving the quality of education, of course, is inseparable from the teaching and learning process as the main activity in schools, Mathematics is one of the very important branches of science that is taught at every level of education starting from elementary school (SD) to high school (SMA), there is also this research carried out at SD Negeri 4 Lintang Kanan in grade 5, The purpose of this study is to have a positive influence by using the Mastery Learning Strategy in Mathematics lessons with measurement materials, time distance and speed, this research was carried out after seeing pre-cycle observations that obtained incomplete score results due to lack of concentration from students who were still less active and playing games in learning, and learning was still monotonous, after cycle 1 and cycle 2 the students' grades became complete With an average score of 78 indigo, this study uses observation sheets, and a written essay test to obtain accurate data.

Students are required to memorize tashrif in the Shorof course, because tashrif is the main basis in understanding the structure of the Arabic language, especially in word formation and change. Mastery of tashrif helps students recognize the patterns of word changes from roots to derivatives, which is very important for understanding religious texts such as the Qur'an, Hadith, and classical books. In addition, this ability improves reading, writing and speaking skills in Arabic. By memorizing tashrif, students are also more confident in using Arabic actively, both in academic and practical contexts. Therefore, tashrif is an important part of Arabic language learning that not only facilitates text comprehension, but also builds language skills.This study aims to analyze the effect of the singing method on the ability to memorize tashrif in the Shorof course of class 5B students of class 2022. using quantitative approach research with data collection through questionnaires filled out by 28 students. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics to see the tendency of the influence of the singing method on memorizing tasrif. The use of this singing method is very helpful in improving students' memory in memorizing tasrif. In addition, students consider this method fun and motivate them to be more active in learning.

Humans as social creatures need language as a communication tool to share thoughts, feelings, and information. Language is a complex social phenomenon that is influenced by culture and social context. Pragmatics, which is a branch of linguistics that studies meaning in context, focuses on speech acts as a basic element in communication. This study aims to analyze the illocutionary speech acts (directive, expressive, commissive, declarative, and representative) that often appear on Neuron's YouTube channel, especially on playlists related to sex education. This research uses descriptive qualitative method and pragmatics theoretical approach, and collects data through literature study by referring to various scientific literatures relevant to the topic discussed. The focus of the study is to analyze the illocutionary speech acts in sex education videos on Neuron's YouTube channel, which discuss important issues such as HIV/AIDS, contraception, and transgender. Of the six videos in the “Sex Education” playlist analyzed, 91 illocutionary speech acts were found, consisting of 28 directive speech acts, 8 expressive speech acts, 11 commissive speech acts, 15 declarative speech acts, and 29 representational speech acts. This research is expected to provide insight into the use of illocutionary speech acts in Neuron's YouTube channel playlist and help viewers understand the messages conveyed in these sex education videos.