The effectiveness of hypertension treatment is closely linked to blood pressure control. Ineffective treatment can lead to uncontrolled blood pressure, increasing the risk of serious complications, such as stroke, heart disease, and kidney failure. The rationality of treatment is an important factor that influences the effectiveness of therapy. Rational treatment, which is tailored to the patient's condition, can help achieve optimal blood pressure control and reduce the risk of complications. This review article aims to summarize and review the evaluation results of antihypertensive drug use in hypertension patients treated at healthcare facilities. The review process involved searching for relevant articles on Google Scholar using keywords such as evaluation, rationality, and hypertension treatment, published over the past 10 years. The review results showed that the evaluation of hypertension treatment should be assessed from four main aspects: right patient, right indication, right drug, and right dose. Hypertension treatment, whether with comorbidities or without, may involve single therapy or a combination of three drugs. Based on the data obtained, the majority of the treatments were rational in terms of right patient and right indication. However, there were still instances of inaccuracy, particularly in selecting the right drug and appropriate dosage. Inaccurate drug selection and dosing can reduce the effectiveness of treatment and increase the likelihood of adverse side effects. It is crucial to ensure that the therapy provided is suitable for the patient’s medical condition, with appropriate drug selection and dosage. Education on treatment rationality for healthcare professionals and patients is essential to optimize hypertension treatment outcomes. This approach will help improve hypertension management in the community and reduce the burden of complications caused by uncontrolled hypertension.

ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) is an emergency condition caused by rupture of atheroma plaque in the coronary arteries which blocks blood flow to the heart. If this condition is not treated immediately it can result in disability and death. The family has an important role in determining the treatment needed by the patient in the Intensive Care Unit. However, families are vulnerable to experiencing anxiety which will slow down the process of decision making and patient care, so the role of nurses is very important in overcoming family anxiety. One of them is the intervention of providing educational therapy. The aim of this research is to provide nursing care to Paisen families with STEMI to overcome anxiety. The type and research design used is a descriptive method with a case study approach. The subjects of this case study are families who have met the inclusion criteria, namely the patient's wife with anxiety problems, can read and write, and is willing to be a respondent. The participant collection technique used purposive sampling. The research instrument used the HARS (Hamilton Anxiety Raiting Scale) questionnaire. The research was carried out in 2 days. The research results show that educational therapy intervention can reduce the patient's family's anxiety from severe to mild anxiety. For this reason, nurses are expected to be able to provide social support both informationally and emotionally so that there is no anxiety in the family.

Postpartum exercise is exercise that is carried out from the first day of birth every day until the tenth day, consisting of a series of body movements carried out to speed up the mother's recovery. The aim of postpartum exercise is to help speed up the mother's recovery, speed up the involution process and restore the function of the womb. The benefits of postpartum exercise include improving blood circulation, body and back posture after giving birth, improving muscle tone, pelvic and abdominal muscle stretching and helping mothers to be more relaxed and fresh after giving birth. Postpartum exercise is rarely done because postpartum mothers are afraid to do a lot of movement, are afraid of the stitches coming out, the perineal wound still hurts and there is a belief that has developed and is believed by society, namely that if it has not been 40 days after giving birth, the mother is not allowed to do activities. The aim of the research was to determine the effect of postpartum exercise on uterine involution during normal postpartum delivery at the Semambawa Community Health Center BPM, South Nias in 2023.This research used a quasi-experimental research design with a post test only design with one comparison treatment, the sample in the research was 30 people using a Random Sampling System. The data collected in the research is primary data, namely data obtained directly from respondents. The data analysis used was the Wilcoxon signed ranks test.The results of research on uterine involution before postpartum exercise intervention during normal postpartum delivery, the majority experienced subinvolution, 30 people (100%), uterine involution after postpartum exercise intervention during normal postpartum period, the majority experienced normal, 22 people (73.3%), there was an effect Postpartum exercise on uterine involution in normal postpartum with a value of p=0.000 p<0.05. So Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted, which means that there is an influence of postpartum exercise on uterine involution during normal postpartum delivery at the Semambawa Community Health Center, South Nias in 2023. Midwives are expected to improve and provide midwifery services by applying postpartum exercise methods and relaxation techniques to postpartum mothers so that the process of uterine involution goes well.

Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that cancer sufferers worldwide in 2020 will reach 19.3 million cases with a death rate of up to 10 million people. Riskesdas data for 2018 shows the prevalence of cancer in Indonesia is 1.49%. Chemotherapy in cancer patients often causes anxiety as a psychological effect. Family is the closest person for cancer patients in dealing with their illness. Family support for cancer patients is needed to lift the patient's mentality and enthusiasm for life. Purpose: This study was to determine the relationship between family support and anxiety levels in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Method: Correlational descriptive with cross sectional approach. The study was conducted at the Dharmais Cancer Hospital in December 2022 - January 2023, with a sample of 185 respondents taken using a purposive sampling technique. Results: 38.9% of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy at Dharmais Cancer Hospital experienced severe anxiety, 49.7% patients experienced moderate anxiety, 11.4% of patients experienced mild anxiety, and most of the cancer patients had good family support (60.5%). The results of the bivariate analysis of the Spearman rank test obtained p value: 0.000, and r: 0.506. Conclusion: there is a significant relationship between family support and the anxiety level of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, where the better the family support, the lighter the anxiety of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy

Cardiac CT-Scan is a series of examinations to produce cardiac imaging aimed at identifying fatty deposits or calcium in the coronary arteries, so that a better treatment can be determined for the patient. Heart rate is the number of heartbeats per unit time, usually expressed in minutes / beats per minute (bpm) which is based on the number of ventricular contractions. Cardiac CT Scan examination with high heart rate can be modified using GE Revolution Maxima CT-Scan software using SnapShot Freeze Technology with extended cardiac helical pitch scanning mode which provides a significant dose reduction for higher heart rate scans. CT Scan Cardiac begins with patient preparation, tools and materials, patient positioning and examination protocols as well as the reconstruction process. This study used a qualitative research method with a case study approach using one patient.

Cataract is an eye disorder that occurs due to changes in the lens of the eye that is clear and translucent which can reduce the ability of vision to blindness. Cataract surgery is one of the most effective methods for cataract treatment. This study aims to determine the relationship between perioperative knowledge with anxiety levels of pre cataract surgery patients in RSU Bhakti Asih Tangerang. This research was conducted at RSU Bhakti Asih Tangerang with the research design used in this study being descriptive analytical using the cross-sectional method. The population in this study were pre-cataract surgery patients at RSU Bhakti Asih Tangerang who underwent surgery in October 2024, namely 120 patients and the sample used was 60 patients with a sampling technique using purposive sampling. The results of the Spearman's Rho test showed a significant negative correlation between perioperative knowledge and patient anxiety levels, with a coefficient of r = -0.610 and p-value = 0.000. This finding indicates that the better the perioperative knowledge a patient has, the lower the level of anxiety they feel before cataract surgery. The results of this study can be considered by health workers to help improve patient perioperactive knowledge such as holding seminars or webinars, distribution of educational pamphlets, so that the level of anxiety experienced by preoperative patients decreases.

Posyandu is one form of health efforts resourceful community which is a real form of community participation in health development. Two factors that affect children visit that factor maternal knowledge of ignorance weigh the benefits against her mother in IHC. And the role of the factor Kader duty to urge people who have or which includes the target of immunization to Posyandu and provide peyuluhan the research aims to determine the relationship of mother's knowledge and the role of cadres to visit diposyandu toddler. Study Design This study is analytic with cross sectional approach. Sample of 35 respondents conducted in the mother at Lubuk dendang village Perbaungan district Serdang bedagai in 2022. Data was collected by distributing questionnaires. Result (73.0).of the relationship with the mother's knowledge toddler visit diposyandu find p = 0.017 and cadres role relationships with toddlers visit diposyandu find p = 0.025. Conclusion There is a significant association between mother's knowledge and the role of cadres to visit health centers toddler at Lubuk dendang village Perbaungan district. The need for care advice from health workers about health education to the community, especially pregnant women and mothers with young children about the importance of a visit to Posyandu. For relevant institutions in this case the clinic in order to pay attention to cadre's refreshment in order to keep motivated in carrying out its function and role in Posyandu.

Background : Gastritis is an inflammation that affects the gastric mucosa which can result in swelling of the gastric mucosa until the superficial mucosal epithelium is released which is the most important cause of digestive tract disorders, caused by irritating and infectious factors in the gastric mucosa and submucosa. The purpose of this study was to analyze the difference in reducing pain intensity in gastritis patients who received autogenic relaxation therapy. Methods: This study used quantitative research, with a quasi-experimental research design with one group pre-test and repeated measure post-test approaches. In selecting the sample used a purposive sampling method that is selected as many as 16 samples. The independent variable in this study is autogenic relaxation therapy. The dependent variable in this search is a decrease in pain intensity. Data collection in this search was carried out at the time of observation before and after each intervention was carried out. The analysis used in this study uses a non-parametric repeated measure analysis and the Shapiro Wilk normality test for respondents with a level <0.001 and a non-parametric repeated measure test P<0.05. The results showed that there was an effect of giving autogenic relaxation therapy on reducing pain intensity in gastritis sufferers at the Ciranjang DTP Health Center.

Acne is a skin condition that usually appears on the face, neck, chest and back. Acne occurs when oil glands become overactive causing skin pores to clog. Soursop leaf is a type of natural ingredient that contains tannins, alkaloids, saponins, and flavonoids which function as antibacterials. This study aims to provide scientific data regarding the utilization of soursop leaf extract in facial wash preparations used as an antibacterial for Propionibacterium acnes. With concentration variations of 1%, 3% and 5%, the preparation test included pH test, homogeneity test, viscosity test, high foam test and antibacterial test. The results of this study showed that the pH test ranged from 4.5-6, the preparation was homogeneous, the viscosity was 0.82-1.91 cps, the foam height was 75-80% and for the antibacterial test of all concentration variations it did not have antibacterial inhibition due to two factors, biological factors and chemical factors. The conclusion in this study was that variations in the concentration of the ethanol extract of soursop leaves had no anti-bacterial inhibition against facial wash preparations of the ethanol extract of soursop leaves.
 

Anemia in pregnant women is the main cause of bleeding and infection which is a major factor in maternal death. A woman who experiences bleeding after giving birth can suffer from severe blood deficiency (anemia) and experience long-term health problems. With a rate of 305 per 100,000 live births, Indonesia has a high maternal mortality rate (MMR) when compared to other ASEAN countries. The MMR target is 70 per 100,000 live births in 2030, in accordance with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) (Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), 2017; WHO, 2022). Currently, the rate of anemia in pregnant women is still high. Based on 2018 RISKESDAS data, the prevalence of anemia in pregnant women is 48.9%, meaning that 4-5 out of 10 pregnant women suffer from anemia. Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) or Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) is an important indicator of the level of public health and is a sensitive indicator in describing the welfare of society in a country. . This research uses a cross-sectional strategy, using numerical data through a retrospective survey with a sample of 35 people. Research Results Based on the results of statistical tests, it was found that p.value = 0.003 and α = 0.05, where the P.value (0.003) < α (0.05) there is a relationship between maternal parity and the incidence of anemia. Based on the results of statistical tests, it was found that p.value = 0.005 and α = 0.05, where the P.value (0.005) < α (0.05), so it can be concluded that there is a relationship between maternal age and the incidence of anemia. Based on the results of statistical tests, it was found that p.value = 0.005 and α = 0.05, where the P.value (0.005) < α (0.05), so it can be concluded that there is a relationship between pregnancy spacing and the incidence of anemia. Based on the results of statistical tests, it was found that p.value = 0.005 and α = 0.05, where the value of P.value (0.005) < α (0.05), so it can be concluded that there is a SEZ status with anemia incidence

Background: Stroke is damage to brain tissue caused by a sudden reduction or cessation of oxygen supply in the blood. Brain tissue that experiences a decrease in oxygen supply in the blood will die and no longer function. Stroke can cause weakness in muscles or body movement coordination. Elderly stroke sufferers feel low self-esteem due to disability and anxiety about death. One of the non-pharmacological techniques to overcome muscle weakness and overcome anxiety is rubber ball grip therapy and mindfulness therapy. The purpose of this case study is to determine the effect of Rubber Ball Grasp and Mindfulness Therapy on muscle strength and anxiety levels. The method used in this case study design is a nursing care process approach. The subjects in this case study were 2 patients, obtained from inclusion and exclusion criteria, data collection using Manual Muscle Testing (MMT) and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS). The results of the case study show that the average muscle strength and anxiety level after being given the rubber ball grip therapy intervention for 6 days and mindfulness therapy for 3 days experienced changes from muscle strength without movement, muscle contractions could be felt/visible to normal full movement against gravity. and combat minimal resistance and severe to moderate levels of anxiety. In conclusion, there is an influence of rubber ball handheld therapy and mindfulness therapy on stroke elderly in the Paduwau Maumere Elderly Social Welfare Section.

Social media has become an integral part of students' daily lives in the digital era. However, it also poses risks, such as negative social comparisons, which impact self-compassion and self-esteem. This study investigates the relationship between social media use, self-compassion, and self-esteem among final-year nursing students. Utilizing a cross-sectional correlational design, data were collected from 144 respondents at Universitas Indonesia Maju using validated questionnaires. The findings revealed a significant relationship between social media use and self-esteem (p=0.018) and between self-compassion and self-esteem (p=0.000). This study highlights the importance of fostering self-compassion and promoting healthy social media use among students to enhance their psychological well-being.

Background: Production of breast milk is influenced by prolacine hormones and oxytocin. An exclusive provision of breast milk is to improve the growth and development of infants and their health. Research objectives: To find out if there is a influence of the effectiveness of the katuk leaves to the adequacy of breast milk in Pagintungan village. Research method: Used in this study is quantitative research with pre experimental methods with the design of One group Pretest- Posttest Design. Collection of data by sharing an observation sheet of 30 people. Sampling in this study used Purposive Sampling and analysis of bivariate data using Wilcoxon test. The results of the research in the value of P value = (0.00 < 0.05) Then there is expressed influence of water inhalation of the leaf decoction is effective in increasing breast milk in breastfeeding mothers. Conclusion: There is an effective influence on the stew of the leaves of the catuk to the adequacy of breast milk in Pagintungan village.

Plants contain several active ingredients beneficial for health, one of which is the persimmon plant, known for its tannins and phenolic compounds. This research aims to determine the effect of Black Persimmon Leaf Extract (Diospyros nigra) as an alternative for lowering glucose levels in White Rats (Rattus norvegicus). This is a True Experimental research, which controls all external variables that could affect the experimental results. There are four control groups: a negative control using glucose and positive controls using extracts with concentrations of 15%, 30%, and 60%. The research data were measured using a UV-Vis Spectrophotometer and analyzed using One Way ANOVA with SPSS. The results of the Shapiro-Wilk normality test showed a significance value >0.05; Levene's Test for homogeneity showed a significance value >0.05; the One Way ANOVA test showed a significance value <0.05; and the Tukey HSD test showed a significance value >0.05. The objective of this research is to test the effectiveness of black persimmon leaves (Diospyros nigra) as an alternative to lowering blood glucose levels in white rats (Rattus norvegicus). Sample absorbance data were obtained using UV-VIS Spectrophotometry and analyzed using One Way ANOVA in SPSS.

Background: One of the most popular contraceptives in Indonesia is injectable contraception. However, each contraceptive method certainly has its own side effects, hormonal methods such as injections generally have side effects in the form of menstrual disorders, weight changes, dizziness or headaches and an increase in blood pressure. The purpose of this study is to determine the long-term relationship between the use of injectable birth control and menstrual cycle disorders in birth control acceptors at PMB Neneng Mahfuzah Banjarmasin in 2024.   This study uses a quantitative descriptive method with a cross sectional approach with a sample of 85 people with details of 48 respondents for 1-month injectable birth control and 37 respondents for 3-month injectable birth control.  The results obtained from the bivariate analysis of the chisquare statistical test showed that the value of p = 0.010 > α = 0.05. The conclusion is that there is a relationship between the length of use of birth control and menstrual cycle disruption in injectable birth control acceptors at PMB Neneng Mahfuzah Banjarmasin in 2024.  Advice is expected that health workers can provide KIE about the side effects of using Injectable Family Planning, one of which is menstrual cycle disruption. So that the acceptor can choose wisely the contraceptive method he wants to use.

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) in 2019 stated that the incidence of fractures is increasing, it has been recorded that fractures have occurred in approximately 15 million people with a prevalence rate of 3.2%. Fractures in 2017 there were approximately 20 million people with a prevalence rate of 4.2% and in 2018 it increased to 21 million people with a prevalence rate of 3.8% due to traffic accidents. Fractures can cause physical and psychological disorders in a person so that they can cause pain. One way to deal with non-pharmacological pain is the Range Of Motion (ROM) technique. Objective: Knowing the results of implementing Exercise Range of Motion (ROM) in postoperative patients with extremity fractures on pain intensity. Method: This implementation method uses a descriptive method. Results: The results of the application showed that there was an effect of reducing pain intensity with the ROM technique in patients with postoperative extremity fractures. Conclusion: There was a decrease in the pain scale before and after the Range Of Motion technique was performed in postoperative patients with extremity fractures.

Stunting is a child's body posture that is shorter when compared to children of his age. Body length for age is an indicator of chronic malnutrition. The incidence of stunting is influenced by several factors such as energy intake, nutrition, gender, number of members in the family, father's and mother's education, father's and mother's occupation, birth weight and family's economic status. The prevalence of stunting according to WHO (World Health Organization) in 2020 is 22% or 149.2 million children.Methods : The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of giving anchovy cookies (Stolephorus Sp) on the prevention of stunting in two-year-old infants in Hamlet I Paluh Mardan, Pematang Cengal Village, Tanjung Pura District, Langkat Regency in 2023. This research is a Quasi-Experimental study designed with a one group pretest and posttest design and examined 28 people as the research sample.Results and Discussion: The results of the study in the experimental group obtained results: the increase in the height of the male two-year-old baby was 1.1778 cm, the mean height was 89.4 cm; whereas for female toddlers, the average increase in body height was 1.1526 cm, with an average height of 90.6 cm. Meanwhile, the results of the analysis using the t-dependent test with a 95% confidence level showed a sig (2-tailed) value <0.05, which means that the effect of giving anchovy cookies was found on stunting prevention in toddlers.Conclusion: It is hoped that the residents of Hamlet I Paluh Mardan, Pematang Cengal Village, will utilize anchovies, processed into cookies or other processed forms, to increase the height of a 2 year old baby to prevent stunting, and future researchers will use my thesis as a reference.
                                                                                                                                         
 

Background: The majority of stroke patients are in the age range of 55 years old and above. Someone who suffers from a stroke and does not immediately get assessed may experience changes in mental status, impaired speech due to facial paralysis, visual perceptual disturbances, and body paralysis, which can lead to the development of decubitus ulcers. Decubitus ulcers occur resulting from the prolonged pressures on the soft tissues that happen on bony areas against solid surfaces. The prevention of decubitus ulcers involves repositioning and mobilization. Repositioning or mobilization can also improve muscle strength and promote independence. Objective: The aim of this study is to describe the comparative final outcomes between two respondents in terms of the scale of decubitus risk before and after the implementation of mobilization. Method: A descriptive research design with a case study approach, conducted on two respondents. Results: Before the implementation of mobilization, both respondents were at moderate risk of developing decubitus ulcers. After repositioning every two hours for six days, both respondents had a low scale risk of developing decubitus ulcers and decubitus ulcers can be prevented. Conclusion: Mobilization has an influence on the degree of decubitus ulcers development in elderly stroke patients.

Research on variables that impact the occurrence of stunting, namely maternal circumstances during pregnancy, which include maternal age, maternal BMI, maternal weight increase throughout pregnancy, and newborn birth weight, remains contentious and has not been thoroughly investigated. The goal of this study was to examine the association between maternal circumstances during pregnancy, child birth weight, and the occurrence of stunting in toddlers at the Bangetayu Health Center in Semarang City. This study utilized an observational analytical case-control approach with a purposeful selection of 80 children (40 stunted and 40 not stunted). The factors investigated were maternal circumstances such as maternal age during pregnancy, maternal weight increase during pregnancy, maternal BMI, infant birth weight, and the prevalence of stunting in toddlers. The data were analyzed using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate methods. This study found a strong correlation (p-value < 0.001) between mother age during pregnancy and stunting rates. However, no significant link was seen between maternal weight growth during pregnancy (p = 0.805). Stunting is associated with maternal BMI (p-value < 0.001). There is no significant link between infant birth weight and the incidence of stunting (p-value = 0.745). Maternal age is the most influential variable on the incidence of stunting at the Bangetayu Health Center, with mothers aged 20-35 years having a 13 times higher risk of giving birth to stunted children and mothers with abnormal BMI having a 9 times higher risk. The frequency of stunting is linked to maternal conditions and newborn birth weight.

This meta-analytic study systematically examines the effectiveness of trauma prevention interventions implemented in at-risk communities across the Middle East by analyzing 47 independent studies (N = 12,483) published between 2010 and 2023. Employing a random-effects model, the findings reveal that these prevention programs have a significantly positive impact on reducing trauma symptoms (g = 0.73, 95% CI [0.65, 0.81], p < .001). Moreover, programs implemented within school environments demonstrated the highest level of effectiveness (g = 0.86), followed by community-based interventions (g = 0.71), and programs involving families (g = 0.62). Further moderator analysis indicates that the duration of program implementation (β = 0.31, p < .01) and the degree of family involvement (β = 0.28, p < .01) are significant predictors of intervention success. Meanwhile, the average rate of incomplete participation (drop-out) was recorded at 18.4 percent, with substantial variation across implementation contexts (SD = 12.3 percent). Meta-regression demonstrated a significant correlation between the level of social support received by participants and the reduction in trauma symptoms experienced (R² = 0.42, p < .001). These findings significantly exceed earlier reports such as those by Peltonen and Punamäki (2010) and Marwat et al. (2025), who estimated program effects within a moderate range (g = 0.45–0.52). Beyond confirming the effectiveness of these interventions, this study highlights the crucial role of local community support and the integration of cultural values as key components in optimizing program outcomes. Accordingly, the findings broaden both the theoretical and empirical horizons of understanding regarding the dynamics of successful trauma prevention programs in Middle Eastern conflict zones, particularly through the identification of mediating mechanisms such as community resilience and the influence of socio-cultural factors as primary moderators in the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions.

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a disease caused by impaired insulin function, impaired insulin secretion, or both, resulting in a hyperglycemic condition. Patients with type 2 DM generally exhibit characteristics such as a Random Blood Glucose level exceeding 200 mg/dL and an HbA1c  level exceeding 6.5%. The accuracy of medication administration to patients must also consider the rationality of antidiabetic therapy in order to influence the success rate of optimal therapy. This study aims to evaluate the rationality of patient appropriateness and indication appropriateness in outpatients with type 2 DM at Tabanan Regional Public Hospital (RSUD Tabanan). This study employed a semi-quantitative observational research design with a retrospective approach by reviewing patient medical records from the initiation of therapy. Sampling was conducted using purposive sampling, whereby samples had to meet predetermined inclusion criteria. The results indicated that the age group with the highest prevalence of DM patients at RSUD Tabanan was over 56 years old (74%), with a predominance of females (63%). The most common comorbidity among DM patients was hypertension alone (24.5%). Based on the findings, the percentage of patient appropriateness rationality among DM outpatients at RSUD Tabanan was 97.5%, while the percentage of indication appropriateness rationality in type 2 DM outpatients at RSUD Tabanan was 98.5%.
 

This study evaluates the effectiveness of culturally adapted Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) in the treatment of war trauma in the Middle East through an analysis of 47 studies involving a total of 4,628 participants from 2000 to 2024. The findings indicate that culturally informed CBT interventions have produced a significant therapeutic effect (g = 0.82, 95% CI [0.71, 0.93], p < .001) with a moderate level of heterogeneity (I² = 68%). Furthermore, culturally adapted CBT has been shown to reduce symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) by 43.2% (d = 1.24, p < .001), anxiety by 38.7% (d = 0.96, p < .001), and depression by 35.9% (d = 0.88, p < .001). Additionally, moderator analysis revealed that the effectiveness of CBT significantly increases when the therapy integrates traditional healing practices (β = 0.34, p < .01) and involves family members in the intervention process (β = 0.29, p < .01). These findings expand upon previous research by Almoshmosh et al. (2020) and Al-Krenawi & Graham (2000), which merely addressed the effectiveness of standard CBT, and complement the study by Çınaroğlu et al. (2024) by emphasizing the importance of cultural adaptation in trauma psychotherapy practices in the Middle East. Furthermore, the main novelty of this research lies in identifying specific cultural components that enhance the effectiveness of CBT in the Middle East, including the integration of religious values (β = 0.31, p < .01) and the use of local cultural narratives in therapeutic approaches (β = 0.27, p < .01). The researchers assert that this study represents the first empirical affirmation that culturally adapted CBT is more effective than standard CBT in addressing war-related trauma in the Middle East.

Background : Menstrual pain is caused by an increase in prostaglandin production triggered by a decrease in estrogen and progesterone hormone levels. Among the non-pharmacological approaches that can be used to reduce pain during menstruation is yoga therapy. Objective: The purpose of this literature review is to examine the relationship between yoga exercises and dysmenorrhea in reducing pain intensity among adolescents. The research method used in this literature review study is to obtain from the search for scientific research articles using the google scholar data base. As many as 279 articles were obtained and then identification and screening were carried out, so that 5 random articles were obtained that fit the criteria. The population in all five studies consisted of adolescent girls. Results: The findings from the five studies show that there is a relationship between yoga exercises and dysmenorrhea in reducing pain intensity among adolescents. Conclusion: It is recommended that adolescent girls, especially those who frequently experience dysmenorrhea, practice yoga exercises regularly to minimize the pain level during menstruation.

This research aims to determine the influence of Brand Awareness and Perceived Quality on Patient Loyalty at the Prima Vision Special Eye Hospital, Medan. The population in this study were patients at the Prima Vision Medan Special Eye Hospital. The sample in this study was 93 patients at the Prima Vision Special Eye Hospital in Medan using the Slovin formula and the Simple Random Sampling method. The data analysis method used is descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. The research results show that simultaneously, Brand Awareness and Perceived Quality have a significant effect on Patient Loyalty at the Prima Vision Special Eye Hospital, Medan. Partially, Brand Awareness has a positive and significant effect on Patient Loyalty at Prima Vision Medan Special Eye Hospital, Perceived Quality has a positive and significant effect on Patient Loyalty at Prima Vision Medan Special Eye Hospital. From the results of the determinant coefficient analysis, it was obtained that R Adjusted Square (R^2) was 0.592, this means that 59.2 percent of the Patient Loyalty variable can be explained by the Brand Awareness and Perceived Quality variables while the rest can be explained by other variables not examined in this research.

Insomnia is a common sleep disorder. Insomnia can be managed with the use of sedative-hypnotic drugs, however, long-term use and specific dosages can lead to dangerous side effects. Therefore, alternative treatments utilizing natural substances such as Mimosa pudica and Caesalpinia sappan are needed. This study utilized 25 randomly divided mice into 5 groups. Diazepam was used as the positive control (+), aquadest and agar as the negative control (-), the group Extract MP (Mimosa pudica), Extract CS (Caesalpinia sappan), and the combination of Extract MP+CS (24mg/kgBW). Administration of the suspension was done orally via gastric lavage. The conclusion drawn from this study is that ethanol extracts of Mimosa pudica (MP), Caesalpinia sappan (CS), and their combination (MP+CS) at a dosage of 24 mg/kgBW exhibit sedative effects. Their effects and combination are comparable to standard synthetic drugs.

Hysterectomy has become a separate concern for patient, many women describe their post-hysterectomy sexual life as influenced by relationship problems for quality oflife and sexual relationship with her partner. It is undeniable that women's sexual function is an important component of quality of life and activities of daily living. This study aims to determine the relationship between sexual function and quality of life in post-hysterectomy women. This type of research is a quantitative research within 46 sample. The sampling technique in this study was by Consecutive Sampling, at April 28 – June 2 2023. The results of the study state 41-50 years old majority (52,1%), work (89,1%) and higher education (71,1%). Based on the results of the spearman rank test obtained a p-value of 0.147or  > 0.05,  meaning that there was no relationship between sexual function and quality of life in post-hysterectomy patients. Suggest:For next researcher recommended to analysis the age specially is Pnemenopouse.

Water is an important factor in fulfilling the vital needs of living creatures, including drinking water or other household needs. The water used must be free from germs and not contain toxic materials. The results of research by researchers found that 95 people in the Sitio-tio village had cases of 14 people experiencing serious health complaints. Objectives; to determine the relationship between river water quality and health complaints in Sitio-tio village, Siantar Sitalasari sub-district, Pematang Siantar city. This research is an analytical survey with a design using a cross sectional approach, proportional random sampling method. The population of this study was all heads of families in Sitio-tio village, Siantar Sitalasari subdistrict, a population of 95 heads of families with 6 river water samples. Data analysis used bivariate analysis with the chi-square statistical test. The results of the bivariate analysis show that the p value for the variable river water quality and health complaints (p = 0.016) is <0.05, there is a relationship between river water quality and health complaints. The conclusion of this research is that there is a relationship between river water quality and health complaints in Sitio-Tio village, Siantar Sitalasari sub-district, Pematang Siantar city. Recommended to the Sitio-tio village community to maintain the cleanliness of the Sitio-tio river water, reduce careless use of river water and not throw rubbish in the Sitio-tio river flow which pollutes the river so that there is less risk of the Sitio-tio community getting diseases caused by dirty river water.

Students are learners as well as part of society who are vulnerable to mental health disorders. This is due to the challenging academic journey, from the beginning of their studies to the final semester, in order to develop their ability to fulfill intellectual responsibilities. There are several simple methods that can be practiced independently to reduce anxiety symptoms, such as deep breathing techniques, avoiding alcohol consumption, sharing feelings with close ones, and strengthening spiritual connection with Allah SWT through performing Tahajud prayer. This study aims to analyze the relationship between Tahajud prayer and the level of anxiety among students at Sultan Agung Islamic University Semarang. The study employs a correlational design with a cross-sectional approach. Data were collected through questionnaires completed by 75 students using a total sampling technique. The results indicate that the majority of respondents, 65 students (86.7%), engage in Tahajud prayer regularly. However, most respondents, 50 students (66.7%), still experience high levels of anxiety. Statistical tests revealed a p-value of 0.000 (<0.05), demonstrating a significant relationship between Tahajud prayer and anxiety levels. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that there is a correlation between Tahajud prayer and students' anxiety levels. This study is expected to serve as a reference for future research and encourage students to utilize Tahajud prayer as a form of spiritual therapy in managing anxiety.

This study examines the manifestations of collective trauma in the social narratives of the Lebanese community through a meta-synthesis of 47 primary studies (1975-2024). The analysis reveals five main themes in the manifestations of trauma, including structural violence (73.4%), disintegration of collective identity (68.2%), transformation of intergenerational narratives (62.8%), communal resilience (57.9%), and reconstruction of collective memory (52.3%). Furthermore, a thematic analysis of 892 participants identifies that 76.5% of respondents exhibit symptoms of transgenerational Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), with 64.3% reporting chronic anxiety related to sectarian conflict. Additionally, these findings confirm a significant correlation (r = 0.78, p < 0.001) between the intensity of collective trauma exposure and social cohesiveness levels. Thus, these results expand upon the research of Sim et al. (2018) regarding transgenerational trauma and Kimhi et al. (2004) on communal resilience based on findings of specific mechanisms for the transmission of trauma within the social narratives of the Lebanese community. Unlike the findings of Marey-Sarwan (2020), which focus solely on individual dimensions, this research successfully develops the identification of systemic patterns in the manifestations of collective trauma, including the role of communal rituals (89.2%) in the recovery from collective trauma and the formation of post-conflict identity (82.7%). The researcher believes that these results provide a new theoretical framework for understanding the dynamics of collective trauma in the context of prolonged conflict in Lebanon.

Stunting is a condition of short or very short body which is a problem in Indonesia, a description of the status of chronic malnutrition during growth and development since the beginning of life. One indicator to see the quality of nutrition in adolescents is by measuring body height and then presenting it according to the World Health Organization with a height-for-age (TB/U) z-score value of less than -2 standard deviation (SD) based on growth standards. To identify the influence of health education about stunting on adolescent knowledge in Teluti Baru Village, Tehoru District. Using a pre-experimental design and a sample size of 66 students using instruments in the form of questionnaires and leaflets. The analysis used is the Wilcoxon T-test. It was found that there was an influence of education on the level of knowledge of teenagers regarding stunting in Teluti Baru Village, Kec. Tehoru (p-value = 0.000). There is the influence of health education before and after being given stunting education treatment for adolescents in the village of Teluti Baru, sub-district. Tehoru

Dementia is a complex neurodegenerative syndrome characterized by cognitive decline, including memory impairment, difficulty in thinking, and social interaction, which can affect daily activities. This condition is often caused by other diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia, each with unique pathological mechanisms. Alzheimer’s disease, the leading cause of dementia, involves the accumulation of beta-amyloid plaques and tau tangles that disrupt neuronal function and trigger chronic inflammation. Vascular dementia results from impaired blood flow to the brain, while Lewy body dementia is associated with the misfolding of alpha-synuclein protein. Meanwhile, frontotemporal dementia is linked to the accumulation of tau or TDP-43 proteins, causing degeneration of the frontal and temporal lobes. Aging is the primary risk factor for dementia through the process of inflammaging, a low-grade chronic inflammation caused by persistent activation of the immune system. Inflammaging accelerates neurodegeneration by increasing oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the accumulation of pathological proteins. Additionally, neuroinflammation plays a crucial role by over activating microglia, which exacerbates neuronal damage. The combination of inflammation as both a trigger and a consequence create a pathological cycle that accelerates the progression of dementia. Preventive strategies include managing modifiable risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and adopting a healthy lifestyle, alongside developing therapies targeting inflammaging and neuroinflammation. A deeper understanding of these pathophysiological and inflammatory mechanisms is essential to support the development of multidisciplinary interventions to reduce the global burden of dementia.
 

Background : Final year students are required to write scientific papers (theses), namely about topics in particular fields. The final Project is a mandatory requirement that students must run, during the process of preparing the final project students experience tension and anxiety faced in compiling the final project. Action to overcome anxiety is with pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies. Five-finger hypnosis is one of the non-pharmacological therapies in the form of Self-hypnosis that can cause a relaxing effect, thereby reducing tension and anxiety. Objective : Knowing the effected of five (5) finger hypnosis on anxiety levels in final-year students at 'Aisyiyah University Surakarta. Method : Using case studies. This type of research uses a pretest-post-test design. A sample of 2 students who are compiling their final project experienced moderate to severe of anxiety levels. Measurement of anxiety levels using the HARS questionnaire. Results : The level of anxiety before being given five (5) finger hypnosis was severe and moderate anxiety and after being given five (5) finger hypnosis the anxiety level dropped to moderate and mild anxiety. Conclusion: There was a significant influence on the anxiety experienced by students of 'Aisyiyah University Surakarta before and after being given five (5) finger hypnosis therapy.

Refractive anomalies in children are still an important vision problem to be treated. Refractive anomalies that are not handled properly at an age of children are prone to developing advanced vision problems such as lazy eye (amblyopia). Prevention needs to be carried out so that the occurrence of refractive anomalies in children can be minimized, one of which is by knowing the risk factors that trigger this refractive anomaly. This study aims to find a relationship between body mass index and family history of refractive anomalies and the incidence of refractive anomalies in children. The research was conducted on 5th and 6th grade students at SD Muhammadiyah Kleco, Yogyakarta. A total of 42 students with refractive errors were obtained, which was then analyzed regarding the relationship between body mass index and family history and the occurrence of refractive anomalies they experienced. A statistically significant relationship was obtained between family history and the incidence of refractive anomalies (p=0.009). There was no statistically significant relationship between body mass index and the incidence of refractive anomalies (p=0.321).

According to the Indonesian Internet Service Providers Association (APJII) in 2018, approximately 49.52% of all internet users in Indonesia are aged between 19 and 34 years, with the majority of this age group being students. Prolonged computer use can lead to higher levels of asthenopia compared to other types of work. This study aims to examine the correlation between computer usage duration and the occurrence of asthenopia among students. A correlational design with a cross-sectional approach was employed in this study. A total of 76 participants were included, and data were collected via a questionnaire distributed online using Google Forms, which the respondents completed. The collected data were then analyzed univariately and bivariately using SPSS software. The results indicate that the majority of respondents experienced mild asthenopia, with a percentage of 78.9%. Statistical analysis showed no significant relationship between gender, duration of computer use, eye break intervals, history of major eye diseases, and medication consumption with the occurrence of asthenopia (p>0.05). However, a significant relationship was found between age and the occurrence of asthenopia (p<0.05).

Tinea capitis is the most common dermatophytosis in children. Culture examination is still the gold standard for confirming the diagnosis of tinea capitis, but this examination couldn’t be always done, especially in areas that did not have  mycological examination. There is very little data and literature on infants.a male infant, 2 months old, with complaints of red patches on the scalp, skin around the red area, peeling, hair not growing since 1 month ago.  Dermatological examination of the vertex region revealed a solitary erythema macular efflorescence, well-defined, round in shape, 2- 6 cm in diameter, with dull grayish hair, 0.5-1 cm above the scalp surface, covered with thin scales, and yellowish crusts. Wood's lamp examination showed greenish fluorescence. 10% KOH examination of hair taken at the lesion site revealed no hyphae or spores. The patient was differential diagnosed as gray patch tinea capitis and treated with 2% ketoconazole ointment. The patient controlled 2 weeks later and the complaint improved, the crusts disappeared and the red patches shrunk. Therefore, therapy was continued. Diagnosis of tinea capitis in infant requires culture examination with complete materials at the first level of health care facilities, in order to managed it properly.

Background: With the development of technology, convenient access is easy to obtain with just a smartphone. This triggers teenagers to use smartphones in their daily lives to open social media or search for information. When use increases and is uncontrolled, it can cause anxiety if you are far away or cannot access a smartphone, which is called nomophobia. Objective: To determine the relationship between the intensity of social media use and the tendency to nomophobia. Method: This research uses a quantitative correlation research design with a cross approach method. sectional and Spearman rank using a simple random sampling model. Results: This study shows that there is a significant relationship between the intensity of social media use and the tendency to nomophobia with a significant value of 0.033 (p < 0.05) and a correlation value of 0.222 which is positive, meaning the higher the intensity of use social media, the higher the tendency to nomophobia. Conclusion: There is a relationship between the intensity of social media use and the tendency to nomophobia in grade 12 teenagers at An-Nahl Vocational School based on the results of data processing using the Spearman rank test method.

Breast cancer is a rare disease in men, accounting for approximately 0.5-1% of all breast cancer cases. Although current data show a slow increase in incidence, epidemiological data on male breast cancer are still limited compared with female breast cancer due to its rarity. This case study discusses a 70 year old man with a previous history of invasive ductal carcinoma who presented with complaints of a hard lump in the right breast that had recurred several times. Biopsy results showed invasive ductal carcinoma. The patient had previously undergone a radical mastectomy of the right breast, but the patient refused adjuvant chemotherapy after the initial dissection. Based on the tumor stage, it was found to be T4bN1M0 and then a mastectomy was performed. Based on this case, it was found that the importance of complete and comprehensive treatment of invasive ductal carcinoma in men is expected to become a guide to promote additional treatment for removal of the primary tumor in male breast cancer.

This study presents a highly comprehensive meta-analysis of the validity of various Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) measurement instruments that have been implemented within the context of Arab populations. By synthesizing data from 47 studies involving 12,384 participants published between 2000 and 2023, this review employed a multilevel meta-analytic approach based on a random-effects model to ensure estimation accuracy that accounts for cultural and methodological heterogeneity. The main findings indicate that PTSD instruments adapted into Arabic generally exhibit an adequate level of internal reliability (α = 0.88, 95% CI [0.85, 0.91]), although construct validity demonstrates significant variability (r = 0.72, 95% CI [0.67, 0.77]). Among the instruments analyzed, the Post-traumatic Diagnostic Scale (PDS) was found to have the highest level of validity (r = 0.83, p < 0.001), followed by the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5) with r = 0.79 (p < 0.001), and the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) with r = 0.76 (p < 0.001). Moderator analysis revealed significant contributions from the translation strategies employed (Q = 18.42, p < 0.001), as well as demographic and psychosocial characteristics of the sample (Q = 15.67, p < 0.01), to fluctuations in instrument validity. When compared to the findings of Alqahtani et al. (2021), which highlighted the low validity of several Arabic-language psychological instruments due to a lack of cultural sensitivity in the adaptation process, and the study by Alhalal et al. (2017), which reported construct validity for the five-factor model of the Arabic version of the PCL-C, the present research successfully identifies a substantial overall increase in validity, particularly in instruments that integrate a deep cultural adaptation approach. Furthermore, one of the distinctive contributions of this study lies in its identification of specific patterns in PTSD symptom manifestation unique to Arab populations, significantly characterized by a tendency toward somatization (β = 0.45, p < 0.001) and the expression of distress in collective forms (β = 0.38, p < 0.001), as two dimensions that have been previously underexplored in cross-cultural psychometric validation studies.

Breast cancer (Ca Mammae) is a group of abnormal cells in the breast that continue to grow and multiply in the form of lumps in the breast. In the body there are millions of cells. One of them is abnormal cells or metaplasia cells, which are cells that can change but are still within normal limits. Breast cancer is not a very scary scourge for all women without exception teenagers. One way to detect breast anker is to do a breast self-examination, SADARI is an examination of the breast itself to find lumps in the breasts. Objective: This study aims to determine the Influence of Breast Self-Examination Health Education (SADARI) with Leaflet media on knowledge and attitudes about early detection of breast cancer in adolescent girls in class X at SMAN 16 Medan. Research Method: This study is a Quasy Experimental with the One Group Pretest-Post Test approach with a Proportional Stratified Random Sampling technique with a total of 52 samples. Results of the study: by using the wilcoxon test before and after the provision of health education, the SADARI examination obtained a p value = 0.000 (<0.05). The conclusion is that Ha was accepted and Ho was rejected because there was an influence of breast health education (SADARI) with leaflet media on knowledge and attitudes about early detection of breast cancer in adolescent girls in class X at SMAN 16 Medan.

Background: The world’s elderly population is predicted to increase very quickly in 2020. Based on Susenas and Sakernas data, namely 12,2% in 2020 to 12,71% in 2021.The aging process will affect physical and mental changes in the elderly which results in a decrease in body resistance so that it is susceptible to various diseases and the most common is hypertension. Purpose: To determine changes in blood pressure in elderly patients with hypertension before and after walking activities. Methods: This application uses a descriptive case study by observing 2 female respondents aged 61-64 years who are given the implementation of walking for 20 minutes. Result: After the application of walking for 20 minutes for 3 consecutive days a week there was a decrease in blood pressure. Responden 1 with an average decrease in systolic pressure of 1 mmHg, diastolic 3 mmHg. Responden 2 average decrease in systolic blood pressure 2,3 mmHg, diastolic 0,6 mmHg. Conclusion: Walking for 20 minutes for 3 days a week can reduce blood pressure in elderly people with hypertension.

This study investigates the impact of social stigma on colorectal cancer treatment management through a meta-analysis of 47 studies involving 12,358 patients. Results demonstrate significant negative correlations between social stigma and both colorectal cancer treatment adherence (r = -0.42, p < 0.001) and patient quality of life (r = -0.38, p < 0.001). More specifically, regression analyses reveal that social stigma predicts 18% of variance in diagnostic delay (β = 0.43, p < 0.001) and 22% of variance in treatment-seeking delay (β = 0.47, p < 0.001). These findings, when compared to Gonzalez and Smith's (2019), reported a weaker correlation (r = -0.29) between social stigma and treatment adherence, identifying a stronger effect between these variables. Furthermore, unlike Lee et al.'s (2020) study focusing on lung cancer, this research specifically demonstrates that colorectal cancer patients experience 23% higher levels of social stigma (d = 0.58, p < 0.01). In the context of intervention, results confirm that community-based interventions can reduce perceived social stigma by 31% (95% CI: 24%-38%), exceeding the effectiveness reported in Courtens (1996) previous study. Finally, mediation analyses confirm that social support mediates 26.2% of social stigma's effect on treatment adherence and 34.2% on quality of life, while coping strategies mediate 21.4% and 26.3%, respectively. These findings underscore the urgency of integrating social stigma reduction strategies into colorectal cancer treatment management protocols to improve treatment outcomes and patient well-being.

Anxiety of pregnant women is something that can affect the development of the fetus and the psychology of pregnant women. One way to overcome anxiety is by giving lavender aromatherapy. Lavender is a plant that is often used as aromatherapy because it can provide calming, relaxing benefits. This study aims to determine whether there is an effect of lavender aromatherapy on the anxiety of pregnant women in the third trimester.The research design used in this research is quantitative quasi experiment (one group pre-post test design). This study has an independent variable of lavender aromatherapy and a dependent variable of third trimester pregnant women's anxiety. The sample in this study was 16 third trimester pregnant women using random sampling technique. The data collection method for the anxiety variable is using the Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale (PASS) questionnaire.The results of the study showed that pregnant women in the third trimester, before being given lavender aromatherapy, experienced the most severe levels of anxiety, but after being given lavender aromatherapy, their anxiety levels decreased. The results of the research carried out were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test with a significance level of α = <0.05, with a value of ρ = 0.002 < 0.05, the result was a value of Asymp sig (2-tailed) = 0.002 which shows that the influence between the two variables is in the strong category. in a positive direction. Based on the data analysis, it can be concluded that lavender aromatherapy has an effect on the level of anxiety in third trimester pregnant women in the Merakurak Community Health Center Work Area.The findings of this research can be a source of learning and provide information regarding non-pharmacological therapy to reduce anxiety levels in third trimester pregnant women using lavender aromatherapy. The author also hopes that this research can be used as a basis for conducting further research using different designs.

Introduction : Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) remains a global health challenge, particularly in low and middle income countries. This study aims to describe the characteristics of pregnant women receiving Antenatal Care (ANC) services at Latifa Klinik, Kelurahan Kedaung, during July 2024. Objective : A descriptive method was used with a total sampling technique, involving 50 respondents. Data were analyzed descriptively using a checklist of variables such as age, education, occupation, and parity. Results : Most pregnant women were aged 20-35 years (82%), had a high school education (74%), were unemployed (66%), and had 2-4 children (58%). These factors influenced the regularity and quality of ANC services received. Pregnant women in the ideal age range (20-35 years) had a lower risk of pregnancy complications, while higher education levels supported greater awareness and knowledge about the importance of ANC. Additionally, the mothers' occupational status and parity contributed to the regularity of ANC visits. Conclusion : That more intensive health education, improved access to ANC services, and special attention to high-risk pregnant women are essential to reducing MMR. These efforts are crucial for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) target of a global MMR below 70 per 100,000 live births by 2030.

Hypertension is a condition when systolic blood pressure >140 mmHg or diastolic >90 mmHg. Soy milk and carrot pudding is expected to be able to meet the needs of snacks tp prevent the hypertension. The research aims to determine the effect of soy milk substitution, addition of carrots and interaction of the two factors (soy milk substitution and carrot addition) on the acceptability of pudding, also know the fat, potassium, sodium and isoflavone content in the best formula. The research used a pure experimental method with 6 treatments, namely soy milk substitution (70% and 80%) and carrot addition (60%, 70% and 80%), which were tested on 50 untrained panelists. Data were analyzed statistically using the Two Way Anova test and the Duncan test. The results of the research showed that the substitution of soy milk had an effect on the color, flavour and taste of the pudding, the addition of carrots had an effect on the color and taste of the pudding and there was no interaction effect between the two factors on the color, flavor, taste or texture of the pudding. The best pudding product was found in the S2W3 formula (80% soy milk substitution and 80% carrot addition) which contains 1.36% fat, 28.11 mg potassium, 34 mg sodium and 21.8 mg isoflavones per 100 grams of ingredients.

Malassezia furfur is a lipophilic fungus commonly found in tropical regions with high humidity, particularly on human skin. One of the diseases caused by this fungus is Pityriasis versicolor (tinea versicolor). Treatment for this condition typically involves the use of azole-based drugs, either topically or systemically. However, the emergence of azole-resistant Malassezia furfur strains has reduced treatment efficacy. Thus, the development of new antifungal agents is necessary, one of which utilizes nanotechnology such as biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which are environmentally friendly and utilize waste materials. Pineapple peel is a type of waste that contains active compounds like flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins, which have the potential to inhibit the growth of Malassezia furfur. This study aimed to characterize the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from pineapple peel infusion and evaluate their antifungal activity against Malassezia furfur at optimal concentrations and durations. Using a post-test only with control group design, the research involved preparing pineapple peel infusion, synthesizing silver nanoparticles, characterizing them using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, and testing antifungal activity with the well diffusion method. The results indicated the formation of AgNPs, marked by a color change from yellow to dark yellow with wavelengths of 320-340 nm. Antifungal activity tests showed the largest inhibition zone at a 1:6 ratio (11 mm) and the smallest at a 1:2 ratio (2.38 mm). In conclusion, silver nanoparticles synthesized from pineapple peel infusion demonstrated antifungal activity against Malassezia furfur.

Iron affects the life cycle process of a young woman who experiences quite rapid growth and development and when she menstruates she needs nutrition in her daily life so that iron deficiency anemia does not occur. Natural food innovations derived from chocolate and types of moringa leaves are very useful as an alternative step in dealing with anemia cases. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of Biscoke snacks (moringa leaf chocolate biscuits) on the anemia status of young women in Wirengan Masaran Village, Sragen in 2024. The research method used is quantitatively a Quasy Experiment type with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group design in one intervention group and 30 respondents with anemia as a research sample, namely purposive sampling. The independent variable is the provision of biscoke snacks while the dependent variable is the anemia status in young women. The technique in collecting primary data with an online questionnaire and collecting secondary data, namely one group was given an intervention for teenagers to consume 2 Biscoke snacks in one day for 4 weeks and after that the hemoglobin levels were checked with a digital Hb device. The study used two methods with univariate analysis and bivariate analysis where the statistical test was paired t-test. Processing with SPSS ver.25 test tool. Results: Univariate analysis showed that respondents consumed Biscoke Snack and before the intervention experienced anemia as many as 30 respondents with an average of 10.56 gr / dl, after consumption did not experience anemia with an average of 12.80 gr / dl. The results of this study were statistically tested, namely the paired t-test where there was a p value = 0.000<0.05, meaning that there was an effect of intervention on adolescents who were given Chocolate Biscuits combined with Moringa leaves on anemia status. Conclusion: There is effectiveness in providing Biscoke snacks (chocolate biscuits with Moringa leaves) with anemia status in adolescent girls which effectively increases hemoglobin levels and can prevent cases of adolescents with anemia.

Medical autopsy is a procedure aimed at conducting a thorough examination of the deceased to identify the cause of death and analyze underlying health conditions. This practice plays a crucial role in the medical and forensic fields, where autopsy results can provide vital information for legal purposes, death investigations, and the advancement of knowledge in health. In Islamic law, medical autopsy is a procedure performed to determine the cause of death and understand the health condition of the deceased individual. This study aims to explore the balance between scientific knowledge and respect for the deceased in autopsy practices, focusing on the Islamic legal perspectives that regulate its implementation. The research method employed is qualitative, relying on the analysis of relevant scientific articles and journals, covering five main aspects related to medical autopsy, Islamic law views, and the fatwas of scholars regarding its implementation. The findings indicate that autopsy, while important for medical and legal purposes, must be conducted with consideration for the principle of respect for the deceased and is only permissible under certain conditions that do not violate the dignity of the body. The implications of this study highlight the need for the integration of science and ethics in the execution of medical autopsies, as well as the importance of disseminating clear fatwas to guide the community and authorities.

This meta-analysis investigated the role of positive emotions in Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) treatment, encompassing 47 studies with 3,284 patients. Results demonstrated that positive emotion-based interventions significantly enhanced quality of life by 27.3% (d = 0.84, 95% CI [0.71, 0.97], p < 0.001) compared to control groups. Regression analyses revealed that optimism strongly correlated with retinal degeneration deceleration (β = 0.62, p < 0.001), while increased gratitude was associated with an 18.7% improvement in visual function (r = 0.41, p < 0.01). Furthermore, a 5-year longitudinal study demonstrated a 31.5% reduction in anxiety (t(412) = 8.76, p < 0.001) and 43.2% increase in treatment adherence (OR = 2.87, 95% CI [2.14, 3.85]) in the intervention group. Mediation analyses identified neuroplasticity (β = 0.31, 95% CI [0.22, 0.40], p < 0.001) and inflammatory modulation (β = 0.28, 95% CI [0.19, 0.37], p < 0.001) as primary mechanisms mediating the relationship between positive emotions and RP treatment outcomes. These findings extend Johnson et al.'s (2019) work on optimism-RP progression correlation and Hinkle et al.'s (2021) mindfulness effects on RP patients' quality of life by providing the first identification of specific neuroplasticity pathways influenced by positive emotions in RP management. Additionally, the optimal dose-response model, identified at 16 weeks with 2-3 sessions per week (β = 0.18 per session, p < 0.001), establishes a novel framework for psychoneuroimmunological intervention protocols in RP treatment.

Hypertension is a degenerative or non-communicable disease that is still high in cases as a contributor to morbidity and death rates in the community and often occurs in the elderly. The main focus of the conceptual model of self-care is to improve the ability of a person or family to care for himself and his family members independently so as to achieve the ability to maintain their health and well-being, because according to Orem, self-care is not a process of intuition, but a behavior that can be learned through the process of learning. The type of research used in this study is experimental design (one group pre-test post-test design), the study was carried out by means before treatment / treatment, the dependent variable was observed and measured blood pressure first (pre-test), after that treatment / treatment was carried out using instruments in the form of SAP, after treatment was observed and measured again blood pressure (post-test). The population in this study was 3 families with elderly people with hypertension in Mongolato Village, Telaga District. The results of data analysis from the data review found nursing problems, namely Knowledge Deficit and Health Behavior tend to be risky. The implementation carried out by the researcher is counseling using liflets about hypertension and Self-Care Management based on Orem Theory. The overall evaluation, after nursing actions, was obtained, namely increasing knowledge from each family about hypertension and being able to independently the elderly suffering from hypertension through their families based on the theory of Orem Self-Care Management.

Background: Preterm/preterm delivery is still a problem in the world including Indonesia, related to prevalence, morbidity and perinatal mortality which is the main cause of infant death and the second cause of death after pneumonia in children under five years of age. This study aims to determine the factors that influence the incidence of preterm labor at Rsia Stella Maris Medan in 2022. Method: This type of research is a descriptive study, with a cross-sectional design. Sampling was carried out systematically (systematic random sampling), where the sample in this study was 64 respondents. Data collection techniques using a questionnaire sheet. The bivariate analysis technique uses the che square test. Results: the results are almost half of the birth events with ages <20->35 years as many as 40 respondents (59.4%) almost half of the birth events with parity ≥5 times as many as 38 respondents (32.9%), most of the birth events with Ever experienced premature labor as many as 35 respondents (54.7%), almost half of those with premature rupture of membranes were 34 (53.1%), most of the incidents of childbirth with placenta previa were pregnant women not with placenta previa as many as 44 respondents (68.8%), most of the incidents of childbirth with pregnant women who experienced preeclampsia/eclampsia were (56.2%) and most of the deliveries were with twin pregnancies for pregnant women with single pregnancies as many as 36 respondents (56.2%). Conclusion: That there is a relationship between age, parity, history of preterm labor, PROM, Placenta Previa, Preeclampsia/Eclampsia, Twin Pregnancies Affecting Premature Labor at Rsia Stella Maris Medan in 2022