In the context of civil law, Tort Law plays an important role in upholding the rights of loss victims. Tort law is rooted in the principle that every individual has the right to live without experiencing interference from the unlawful acts of others. The aim of this research is to find out how Tort Law works in the context of Civil Law: Enforcement of the Rights of Loss Victims. The method used in this research is qualitative research in the nature of library research which uses books and other literature as the main object. Data analysis in this research looks for sources of information regarding tort law in the context of civil law: Enforcement of the Rights of Loss Victims. Based on research results, Tort Law in the context of civil law discusses violations of civil law that cause harm to individuals or property. The principle is to provide compensation to victims who suffer as a result of unlawful actions.

The influence of the theory or understanding of legal positivism and legal utilitarianism affects law enforcement, especially in Indonesia, so that it is known as positive law.  The view of legal positivism in law enforcement is limited to enforcing the sound of laws that emphasize justice in it. Benefit and legal certainty should not be abandoned so that it gives rise to a utilitarianisme view that is more on benefit and legal certainty which is part of law enforcement in Indonesia. That way the author will examine the paradigm between the theory of legal positivism and the theory of legal utilitarianism and how the theory affects law enforcement in Indonesia. These two theories have an influence on law enforcement in Indonesia where legal positivism theory emphasizes justice and legal utilitarianism theory emphasizes legal certainty and expediency. In addition to the benefits of these two theories have weaknesses where the theory of legal positivism is more focused on existing rules while the theory of legal utilitarianism views a psychological approach. So that both of them certainly need the right pull so that the composition of the application in law enforcement in Indonesia can fulfill the principles of law.

Indonesia adheres to a democratic government system that relies on the principle of checks and balances. This principle is inherent in the legislative institution, namely the DPR, which has the right to carry out its duties, one of which is the right to inquiry. In the election context, the right to inquiry can be used to investigate fraud or violations that occur in the election administration process. However, the use of the right to inquiry currently still raises pros and cons among the public. In response to this, this research aims to understand the juridical considerations regarding the right to inquiry in holding elections and analyze the influence of the right to inquiry on elections. The method used in this research is descriptive normative law by studying or reviewing primary and secondary legal materials. This research shows that the DPR’s right to inquiry cannot influence or cancel the election results. However, the DPR’s right to inquiry can be used to request information from the government regarding the implementation of elections.

This research aims to: (1) find out and understand how the collaboration between the government, teachers and parents in the implementation of special education for children with special needs at SDN Menur Pumpungan IV, (2) to know and understand what learning services are implemented in the process teaching children with special needs at the SDN Menur Pumpungan IV. The type of research used is qualitative descriptive research. Research subjects included class teachers, school principals, and classmates of children with special needs at SDN Menur Pumpungan IV. The method used in this research is the case study method. Data collection uses observation and interview techniques. The data obtained was then analyzed using the interactive model from Miles and Huberman with the steps of data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results of the show that at SDN Menur Pumpungan IV there are two students with special needs who have a background of slow learners and hyperactivity disorder. The class teacher who teachesthe two students always differentiates learning for students with special need from other normal student.

This research aims to analyze legal protection for ownership of land rights for the public interest, and this research can be useful as a reference for readers. This research uses a qualitative descriptive research method, with a type of normative legal research - empirical or literature. Sugiyono said that quantitative research is a method used to examine the condition of natural objects where the researcher is the key instrument. type of normative-empirical legal research according to Muhaimin in his book entitled: Legal Research Methods says that normative-empirical legal research is "legal research that examines law as rules or norms and the application of legal rules in practice in society". The results found are that the existence of regulations regarding land acquisition provides a legal basis for the government to obtain land for the implementation of development in the public interest and is a guarantee for land rights holders to obtain adequate compensation, thereby providing better survival at a higher level of socio-economic life. prior to land acquisition. Land acquisition for development in the public interest is a land acquisition activity carried out by the government for the construction of public facilities. Land procurement consists of planning, preparation and implementation stages which involve the regional government as the executor of land acquisition, the ministry that carries out land affairs, land rights owners and affected communities.

Every business actor is basically obliged to act in good faith, one of which is as a manifestation of consumer protection. Case in Decision No. 90/Pdt.Sus-BPSK/2021/Pn.Mdn) shows that there are business actors who do not carry out their obligations as they should, namely not having good intentions and not providing information to their consumers. The aim of this research is to explore legal certainty regarding the fulfillment of good faith by business actors in providing information to consumers of postpaid services based on Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. This research method uses normative juridical approaches to statutory, conceptual and case regulations. The research results found that the fulfillment of good faith in this case showed that legal certainty had not been realized. This is because of the legal provisions regarding this matter as regulated in Law no. 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection has not been enforced properly. According to Sudikno Mertokusumo, legal certainty should be realized by implementing legal provisions as they should.

Discovering our true identity is a deep journey where we reflect on ourselves, understand the essence of existence, and explore our inner potential. The aim of this research was to explore the process towards deeper self-understanding and how this influences the level of happiness and calm in a person's life. Through a qualitative approach with a focus on literature reviews and in-depth interviews, this research shows that understanding true identity involves awareness of personal values, interpretation of life experiences, and the ability to accept one's own shortcomings and strengths. Research shows that people who succeed in finding their identity usually experience a more meaningful life, are able to face challenges calmly, and experience true happiness. In general, finding one's identity is not only important for understanding one's essence, but is also an important step in achieving a better quality of life. This study suggests doing regular introspection, meditation, and spiritual exploration as a way to better understand yourself. An important focus in life is to explore one's identity and the depths of the soul to reach one's true nature, which ultimately brings happiness and tranquility in life.

The government as a provider of public services needed by the community must be responsible and continue to strive to provide the best service for the sake of improving public services. On the other hand, community satisfaction is a measure of the success of public services provided by public service providers. This research is a descriptive study using a qualitative approach to determine the quality of public services in the field of population administration in Telanaipura District, Jambi City. The data analysis technique used is an interactive model. The results showed that the quality of public services in the field of population administration in Telanaipura District, Jambi City, was seen from the aspects of physical facilities, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, that is, the Public Services section in Telanaipura District, Jambi City had not fulfilled adequate service facilities to provide services to the community. The community is satisfied with the services provided by Telanaipura District, Jambi City in the reliability aspect regarding reliability in handling any community complaints. Employees in terms of helping people who need services, especially people who are confused about services, have been seen between officers and visitors who communicate with each other. Security in Telanaipura District, Jambi City, has shown efforts to improve the quality of its services in relation to providing a sense of security for the community. The empathy given by the Telanaipura District, Jambi City, is to give a pleasant impression.

The export of marine sand from Indonesia to Singapore has been a controversial issue for decades, involving economic, environmental, and political interests. This study examines Indonesia's marine sand export policy, especially after the issuance of Government Regulation Number 26 of 2023, which reopened export permits after more than 20 years of prohibition. This policy aims to manage marine sedimentation to prevent disruption to ecosystems and shipping and meet domestic reclamation needs. However, there are many pros and cons that arise. On the one hand, this policy is expected to increase state revenue and open up employment opportunities. On the other hand , sea sand mining activities can cause serious environmental damage. This study uses qualitative methods with literature analysis to understand the impact of the policy. The results show that this policy provides more short-term benefits to the government and business actors, but poses long-term threats to the environment and society. Unsupervised marine sand mining has the potential to damage marine ecosystems, reduce fishermen's productivity, and threaten the sustainability of Indonesia's coastal areas. Therefore, more effective supervision and implementation of policies regarding this activity is needed.

In the digital era, technological developments are increasingly rapid, and their existence has begun to penetrate into various aspects of life, such as in the world of finance or the economy. This is marked by the emergence of technology and information-based financial institutions or known as fintech. Starting from this, a question arises on how to implement information technology-based lending and borrowing (peer to peer lending) in Indonesia and how to protect the recipients of the loan (customers). This research is in the form of juridical-normative. The results of this study concluded that there were violations committed by the lender to the customer, and the sanctions imposed were only administrative sanctions with the worst consequence being license revocation. In this regards, obviously it does not provide a sense of justice to the customers, considering the crimes that have been committed, therefore the role of criminal law is very important here, by implementing sanctions related to these crimes, such as the dissemination of personal data, threats in billing, sexual harassment through electronic media, fraud and slander.
 
 

This study explores the interaction between business and politics in Indonesia, focusing on the issues arising from this relationship. Through secondary data analysis and literature review, this research finds that the close ties between business and political actors often trigger corruption, collusion, and nepotism (KKN), negatively impacting public policy and the economy. The results show that this relationship harms public interests and hinders governance quality. The study offers recommendations to address these issues to enhance transparency and accountability.

This research aims to determine the heirs in the ?awil ar??m group according to Islamic law. And to find out the position of ?awil ar??m in inheritance from the perspective of Islamic law. This research was carried out using library research and paying attention to the field (Field Research). Literature study is a process of searching for various literature, the results of studies related to the research to be carried out. Literature study can be likened to a key that will open everything that can help solve research problems. The results of the research show that the heirs in the ?awil ar??m group are (1) maternal grandfather, (2) every grandfather or grandmother who dies gets an inheritance, (3) grandchildren from the daughter's side, (4) daughters from the brother's side. son, (5) Sister's son, (6) Mother's brother's son, (7) Mother's uncle, (8) Uncle's daughter, (9) Father's aunt (father's sister), ( 10) Maternal uncles and aunts (mother's brothers and sisters). This is explained by Imam Nawawi in the book Raudhatut Thâlibîn, and Wahbah Zuhaili in the book al-Fiqhul Islam wa Adillatuhu. Meanwhile, according to the Malik and Syafi'i schools of thought, dzawil arham does not inherit. If someone dies without leaving dzawil furudh or ashabah, while he has ?awil ar??m, then tirkah is given to Baitul mal. Because in the verses Mawaris only explains the ashabul furudh and ashabah parts. Allah does not mention the ?awil ar??m part at all. Meanwhile, Abu Hanifah and Ahmad are of the opinion that ?awil ar??m was given a will based on the word of Allah SWT, Surah Al-Ahzab verse 6. And the position of ?awil ar??m in inheritance is as a non-permanent heir (outside of fardhu and ashobah experts), and as a place to resolve inheritance problems when there are no fardhu and ashobah experts. And those who do not make the dzawil arham an irregular heir, then the settlement is through radd to the ?awil furudh which takes precedence over the inheritance of the ?awil ar??m, but they inherit together with the person who does not get the radd, namely husband and wife.
 
 

As a maritime country, Indonesia has the opportunity to ensure security and realize Indonesia as the world's maritime axis to make Indonesian waters a safe area in the future so that it can reduce the significant impact of external conflicts that occur outside Indonesian waters itself. This paper aims to analyze and explain how Indonesia's maritime policy during President Joko Widodo's 2 periods (2014-2024) indirectly minimizes and protects Indonesia from the crucial impact of the China-Philippines tension conflict in the Indo-Pacific. The study uses a qualitative method, where data collection comes from observations and literature reviews from journals, case studies, and previous research. Therefore, the policy strategy of the World Maritime Axis from Indonesia is also one of the policies so that it can carry out the principle of one paddle, two three islands is exceeded, and it is hoped that President Joko Widodo's policies during his leadership can make the Indonesian Maritime Axis more realized and always maintained from external problems that occur, such as maritime disputes.
 
 

This research refers to the decision of presidential regulation number 80 of 2017 concerning the Food and Drug Supervisory Agency and based on the approval letter of the Minister of Administrative Reform and Bureaucratic Reform Number B/411/M.KT.01 2018 dated June 8, 2018 concerning the Arrangement of Technical Implementation Units of the Food and Drug Supervisory Agency. /In this study, the problem for researchers is to find out how the socialization of the POM Workshop in Tanjungpinang is to help the consumer community to choose products that already have a distribution permit in order to protect consumers from dangerous cosmetics by introducing the Bpom Mobile application as a very useful application to help the public in purchasing cosmetics that are safe and have a distribution permit. the research used in this research is to use a descriptive qualitative approach with primary and secondary data sources and use data collection techniques by observation, interview, and documentation. The theory in this study refers to Budiani's theory (2007: 53), namely the accuracy of program targets, program socialization, program objectives, program monitoring. The results showed that the first indicator, namely the accuracy of program targets, still had to set age limits to be able to use the Bpom Mobile application so that people could find out the rules for using the Bpom Mobile application. The second indicator is the socialization of the program, the Pom Workshop in Tanjungpinang makes a lot of socialization both for the community, students of school children who make Bpom Mobile material an important material in every socialization / counseling and even open a stand to explain the Bpom Mobile application. The third indicator is the purpose of the program, has the aim that the public knows that there is an application that is very helpful for buying a product to ascertain whether the product used has a distribution permit and is safe for use in everyday life. The fourth indicator is monitoring program results, the POM Workshop in Tanjungpinang sees that the results of the Bpom Mobile application program are beneficial to the community even though it is difficult for people who cannot use cellphones to use the Bpom Mobile application. The conclusion of this study is that the socialization of Bpom has not been effective because there are still many people who do not know that the Bpom Mobile application exists.

The government is required to always adjust to what is needed by the community, one of which is the need for decent public services. Collaboration is a stage to give birth to a service innovation in the public sector, therefore collaboration in innovation seems endless to always be discussed by the government as well as organizations and other sectors. In the last ten years, the practice of collaboration and innovation in the administration of the government bureaucracy in Indonesia has been revealed in a number of literatures. One of them is in Penatih Dangin Puri Village, East Denpasar District. According to Government Regulation Number 17 of 2018 concerning sub-districts, it is stated that the task of the Perbekel is in the field of service in the working area. In accordance with the mandate of the government regulation, one form of service in Penatih Dangin Puri Village is business license services through Online Single Submission (OSS), land services, and non-licensing services. The purpose of this research is to find out the collaboration process in the implementation of business license services through the Online Single Submission (OSS) system in Penatih Dangin Puri Village, East Denpasar District and to determine the achievement of collaboration results in the implementation of business license services through the Online Single Submission (OSS) system. in Penatih Dangin Puri Village, East Denpasar District. The theory used by Penta Helix Collaborative according to Howkis (2009: 34) is, optimizing the role of academic, business, community, government and media (ABCGM), in developing goals because it relates to policies made by the government because this theory is a breakthrough and new strategy in In this millennial era, some regional heads have even made the Pentha Helix concept a new strategy to deal with several problems that occur in the region. This study uses a qualitative approach where the qualitative approach is an approach based on the philosophy of postpositivism, while for researching on natural objects, where the researcher is the key instrument, the data collection technique is done by triangulation (combined). Where data analysis is inductive/qualitative, and qualitative research results emphasize the meaning of generalization. Researchers have made direct observations to Penatih Dangin Puri Village. In addition, the authors also conducted observations and documentation studies on existing documents and policies, as well as in-depth interviews with all informants related to the implementation of the Online Single Submission (OSS) permit service.
 

Bullying behavior in the school environment is a serious challenge that affects students' welfare and creates a learning environment that is not conducive. This research aims to investigate the dynamics of bullying behavior, focusing on identifying the perpetrator, protecting the victim's right to life, and implementing just, civilized humanity in the educational context. Qualitative research methods were used, by exploring data from document studies, including school policies, bullying incident reports, and student behavior records. The research results show the complexity of the factors driving bullying behavior, involving social inequality, family problems, and a lack of awareness of the consequences of actions. Protection of victims' rights to life is proven to need improvement through evaluating school policies and implementing effective reporting procedures. The implementation of just, civilized human values ??shows positive steps, however, challenges arise in monitoring and evaluating these programs. The conclusions of this research underscore the urgency of involving teachers, school staff and the entire educational community in efforts to prevent and deal with bullying. With a deep understanding of this problem, it is hoped that a safer, more inclusive and humane school environment can be created

Corruption is a serious problem that affects many countries around the world. Corruption hurts the economy, undermines the justice system, and hinders social development. Therefore, serious efforts are needed to fight corruption. One of the effective tools in eradicating corruption is forensic accounting. Forensic accounting involves the application of accounting principles and investigative analysis to uncover acts of corruption. This paper aims to explore the role of forensic accounting in eradicating corruption, including the methods used, their use in corruption investigations, and their benefits in the judicial process.

This research is motivated by the phenomenon that attracted the attention of netizens due to the raising of the Red and White Flag which was raised together with the flag of the Palestinian state which was spread through twitter social media. Many of the platform users commented that the incident was not in accordance with the laws and regulations in Indonesia.  In collecting data, this study used quantitative methods by examining the subject population of high school and university students with a survey approach. This study shows the subject's attention to the treatment of his country's identity, namely the Indonesian national flag as a student. The obligation to defend the country in the form of respect for the Indonesian national flag should be instilled in every soul of the young generation of the Indonesian nation. State defense is not only an obligation but also for the sake of maintaining the continuity of the Indonesian nation as a Pancasila human being.

An agreement is when a person commits to another person to do something or when both parties commit to carry out something. However, in practice, there are often cases of default, where there are parties who do not fulfill their obligations in accordance with the contents of the agreement, as happened in the case of a kiosk sale and purchase agreement in Kupang District Court Decision Number 132.18/PDT.G/2016/PN.KPG. This article aims to analyze the occurrence of default in the kiosk sale and purchase agreement and analyze the judge's decision in resolving the default with the principles of justice. This article adopts a qualitative approach by using the normative juridical method and conducting a literature study. The results of this research analysis explain that the judge's decision in this case has fulfilled the necessary conditions. The Defendant has been found in default by the Panel of Judges and is entitled to pay the remaining money according to the agreement letter. The principles of legal certainty and justice have also been applied properly by considering all evidence and witness testimony before making a decision.

This research aims to understand the concept of a wife's income from an Islamic legal perspective. And to find out whether the husband is obliged to increase his wife's income when the price of household necessities is expensive from an Islamic legal perspective. This research was conducted using library research and paying attention to the field (Field). Research). Literature study is a process of searching for various literature, the results of studies related to the research to be carried out. Literature study can be likened to a key that will open everything that can help solve research problems. The research results show that a wife's maintenance from the perspective of Islamic law is obligatory for husbands who have reached puberty in a virtuous way, namely in a way that is appropriate to their circumstances and abilities, whether they are well off (rich) or not (poor). This maintenance is obligatory on condition that (1) the wife surrenders herself to her husband completely, (2) the wife is an adult and capable of carrying out husband and wife relations, (3) the marriage that takes place includes a valid marriage contract, (4) the husband is not lost in the event of detention The wife is by his side without syar'i permission. The husband is obliged to increase the wife's living when the price of Daruri's needs is expensive from the perspective of Islamic law for a husband who is rich or capable. If the husband is poor, the wife has the right to receive a living just to meet her needs, food and side dishes that are good, and clothes just to meet her needs. If the husband belongs to the mutawasith (middle) group, his income should be looser, and his clothes should also be better. And Daruri's livelihood is (1) living accommodation, even though he is only able to rent a house. The most important thing is that the children and wife do not get hot, don't get caught in the rain, and are protected from the threat of criminals and wild animals. Relating to the wife's right to receive a place to live or the husband's obligation to provide a place to live. And (2) kiswah living means living in the form of clothing or clothing, which includes the costs of physical care for the wife, health care costs, jewelry costs, recreation costs, children's education costs, and other unexpected costs.
 
 

BPJS (Social Security Administering Agency) in Law No. 24 of 2011 is a legal entity established to administer social security programs. BPJS aims to realize the provision of guarantees for the fulfillment of the basic needs of a decent life for each participant and/or their family members. The purpose of this research is to find out the role of BPJS Employment in Tanjungpinang City and analyze the influence of the role of BPJS Employment on the workforce, whether it is in accordance with the objectives of BPJS Employment. The method used by the author in this research is literature study, namely data collection techniques by reading, writing and analyzing the data obtained. In this research, it was found that the important role of Tanjungpinang City BPJS Employment was in carrying out programs from the center which were then further developed. Such as the work accident insurance program (JKK) which was developed into a work accident service center (PLKK) in collaboration with the Navy Hospital.

Unemployment is a very serious problem in the economy because it affects a person's life physically and mentally. The government responded to this problem by creating a labor-intensive program. The labor-intensive program is an initiative that aims to empower the community, especially productive poor families. This program is designed to achieve several goals, namely reducing unemployment, alleviating poverty, and increasing people's sources of income through the use of natural resources, technology, and workers. This research aims to evaluate the implementation of community empowerment through labor-intensive programs in Gubeng District. This research was conducted with a qualitative descriptive approach and used George C. Edward III's policy implementation theory. The research results show that the implementation of the labor-intensive program in Gubeng District is in accordance with Surabaya Mayor Regulation Number 83 of 2023. However, there are several obstacles to implementation, namely the lack of public interest in the labor-intensive program. Therefore, it is hoped that the Gubeng District government will be more aggressive in providing information regarding labor-intensive programs via social media with the aim of increasing public interest. The government must also evaluate and carry out direct monitoring in the field in the implementation of labor-intensive programs in Gubeng District.
 

Indonesia, as the world's largest archipelagic nation with significant marine territory, faces major challenges related to Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated (IUU) fishing. This issue negatively impacts local fishers and the national economy. This study examines Indonesia's maritime policies, including measures to combat IUU fishing through decisive actions such as sinking foreign vessels caught fishing illegally and introducing new policies like quota-based fishing. While these policies aim to reduce marine resource exploitation and promote sustainability, challenges persist, especially regarding the welfare of small-scale fishers who remain trapped in poverty. The research employs library research methods to explore the impact of policies on Indonesian fishers and the fisheries sector while highlighting the importance of more effective policies to balance stakeholders' interests and achieve sustainable fisheries management. Combating IUU fishing requires more comprehensive measures, including stricter monitoring and enhanced awareness among stakeholders in the fisheries sector.
 
 

Consumer protection has been enforced through the regulation set forth in Law No. 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection (UUPK). Skincare in Indonesia has experienced rapid growth in recent years, alongside an increase in public awareness of the importance of self-care. However, this rapid growth has also brought about new challenges, particularly related to the phenomenon of overclaim in skincare. Overclaim refers to exaggerated claims about a product or service to attract consumers. This can lead to uncertainty among consumers and potentially undermine trust in skincare products. This study aims to identify this phenomenon, analyze its impact on the market and consumers, and evaluate the effectiveness of existing regulations to enhance transparency and trust in the skincare industry in Indonesia. The research is conducted using normative legal research methods, with a legislative approach, and is analyzed descriptively. It is expected that the findings of this study will provide insights for the Indonesian public and minimize the actions of skincare owners engaging in overclaim practices.

In the effort to foster global economic growth increasingly focused on maritime connectivity, global maritime axis policies have become increasingly crucial. This is especially true for island regions like the Riau Islands Province. In confronting these complex dynamics, SWOT analysis becomes a vital instrument for understanding the challenges and opportunities involved. This article explores strategic navigation within the context of the Riau Islands Province, with a focus on SWOT analysis of global maritime policies. Through this approach, the article aims to provide in-depth insights into the factors influencing maritime policies in the region, as well as highlighting strategic potentials and challenges that need to be addressed. Consequently, the results of this analysis are expected to serve as a foundation for effective decision-making in developing sustainable and adaptive maritime policies in the Riau Islands Province.

The case of Rempang Island is an example of the many cases of violence perpetrated by repressive law enforcers against civilians in Indonesia, where violence is in direct contact with criminal values. So clear knowledge is needed regarding the impact of authority used improperly by law enforcement officials. This research uses a normative juridical research method with the problem approach used is a statutory approach, a concept analysis approach, and a case approach. The research results reveal that there are limitations for law enforcement officers in carrying out their duties assigned by the state, including preventive measures in providing supervision and security so that the human rights of civilians can still be protected.

This research is motivated by the delay in fund disbursement, the lack of performance of the implementers and socialization to the community is still not optimal. This research aims to find out the implementation of livable house rehabilitation activities in Pekanbaru City. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method, with data collection techniques of observation, interviews and documentation. This research uses the theory of Charles O. Jones in Siti Erna (2009) with three indicators, namely: organization, interpretation and application. Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that the implementation of livable house rehabilitation activities has not run optimally. This is because there are still misunderstandings between parties due to lack of coordination, the performance of the implementers is still not optimal, lack of socialization and delays in disbursement of funds, and development exceeds the target time. Suggestions from this study are to improve coordination and cooperation between parties and carry out their duties properly, need to hold socialization again, additional funds and construction can be completed on time.
 

Indonesia is a country that upholds people's sovereignty, which means that all political and governmental activities in Indonesia, both directly and indirectly, are regulated by the people. It is the people who choose who is entitled to occupy government positions using the election mechanism. This election itself was followed by more than a dozen political parties. The purpose of conducting this research is to further discuss whether the dissolution of political parties has violated the existence of freedoms that guarantee human rights in them or whether these rights have limitations in certain respects. As well as another objective is to examine the reasons and mechanisms in a dissolution within a political party carried out by the Supreme Court. This research uses normative qualitative methods where the results of the research will be in the form of a comprehensive review based on law no. 24 of 2003 and Law no. 2 of 2008. The result is that the dissolution of political parties does not violate human rights at all because the right to associate has certain limitations and the reason political parties can be dissolved is that it is contrary to the 1945 Constitution and Pancasila ideology.

The role of women in building village government is very important, because they contribute to the economic, social and environmental sectors. Women also have a key role in managing natural resources, local economic activities and maintaining environmental sustainability to build strong social networks in village communities. Women’s involvement is an absolute requirement in efforts to realize village development as an independent village. It is impossible for a country to prosper if its women are left behind. The complete and comprehensive development of a country requires the full role of women in all areas of life. Women as citizens or as sources of village development have the same rights, obligations and opportunities as men in all development activities in the country. All life. The role of women has also been accommodated by all national development regulations, such as Law no. 6 of 2014 concerning Villages, which states that women’s involvement is very necessary for village development.
With the existence of women in Ciseeng Village, which is the location of this research, most residents here position women as equal to men. This means that women can also hold government positions ranging from BPD, Village Apparatus, to Village Head. In Ciseeng itself, the role of women in all aspects of development is quite pronounced, starting from participating in building village facilities, maintaining village security, PKK in empowering families, and so on.

Kuantan Singingi Regency is one of the regencies in Riau Province which is growing rapidly in recent years, one of which is in the field of oil palm plantations. However, due to the rapid establishment of oil palm companies, it causes a lot of palm oil waste disposal caused by the disposal of these companies. The purpose of this study was to determine the supervision of palm oil waste by the Environmental Service of Kuantan Singingi Regency (Case Study: Sungai Bawang Pollution). Then to find out the inhibiting factors in the implementation of waste control in the Bawang River, Singingi Hilir District, Kuantan Singingi Regency. The monitoring activities that have been carried out are the activities of controlling palm oil waste with a percentage exceeding the quality standard, the activities carried out by the Environmental Service are not yet maximal so that violations pass the quality standards, and the lack of firmness in giving sanctions to companies is a phenomenon found. This type of research is qualitative research with a descriptive case study approach. The collection of data obtained, both primary data and secondary data were collected through interviews, observations and documentation and then analyzed so that conclusions can be drawn from existing research problems. The results of this study found that the supervision of the environmental service in the supervision of palm oil waste has not been carried out optimally, this is caused by several inhibiting factors, namely the ability of human resources, funds and infrastructure and company behavior

Immigration has become a central issue in U.S. national security policy, especially after the events of September 11, 2001. The discourse around immigration is increasing, especially in the context of national security policy, which leads to the securitization of immigration. This process constructs immigration as a security threat, which justifies a strict political and policy response. In former President Obama's perspective, U.S. immigration policy has been focused on national security since the beginning of his presidency. This emphasis is manifested through increased border surveillance and inclusive and humane immigration law enforcement through the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program. Instead, Donald Trump's administration adopted a more secure approach, focusing on border security and immigration restrictions, including a controversial border wall and travel ban. This shift reflects a broader shift in U.S. domestic politics and global perceptions. Understanding these differences provides insight into how immigration policy impacts U.S. national and public security.

MSMEs are one of the strengths in economic development in Semarang City, especially in the food sector. However, food MSMEs are the first rank that have not registered a brand. The current rise in imitation and counterfeiting of brands has made legal protection of brands an important requirement in business development. The problem in this research is how to legally protect brand rights for food MSMEs in Semarang City. This research aims to provide knowledge to food MSMEs about legal protection of brand rights so that food MSME businesses can develop with legal certainty. This research uses an empirical normative juridical approach and is descriptive analysis. The results of the research were that the Department of Cooperatives and Micro Enterprises of Semarang City provided free brand registration facilities for MSMEs that were only supported, and many problems were found related to the legal protection of brand rights in the City of Semarang..

The 3R program (reduce, reuse, recycle) is one of the programs of the Surabaya City Environmental Office in managing waste problems in Surabaya. With the population density in Surabaya, it does not rule out the possibility of a large number of waste consumption, especially plastic waste. This study aims to see the level of effectiveness of the implementation of the 3R program (reduce, reuse, recycle) in Surabaya City by the Surabaya City Environmental Office. The author looks at DLH Surabaya's efforts in improving the quality of waste management, especially plastic waste and sees what factors support the success of the 3R program in processing plastic waste in Surabaya. Plastic waste has a nature that is difficult to decompose and requires a long time even hundreds of years to decompose. Therefore, DLH Surabaya applies waste management with the 3R concept. The method used in this study is descriptive evaluative. The results of the author's research during his internship at DLH Surabaya show that waste management using the 3R concept (reduce, reuse, recycle) runs effectively as evidenced by the reduction of waste in Surabaya by around 1.5 tons of waste per day and 2 tons of plastic waste per day. The author examines using effectiveness theory according to Sugiyono in Budianni, which includes 3 effectiveness indicators, namely, Target accuracy, Socialization, Monitoring.

This research aims to analyze the liability of notaries who reject protokols from other notaries. To achieve the objectives of this research, a normative juridical research method was used. The data analysis used is qualitative data analysis. The results of the research and discussion concluded that rejecting a notary's protokol is not justified, because every notary is obliged to accept a notary's protokol from another notary, this is stated in the notary's appointment letter. The notary who holds the notary protokol only has the responsibility to secure state documents, submit minutes of the deed if needed, if there is a problem with the notarial protokol he receives, then the notary who is responsible remains the person who made the deed. Rejection of a notary's protokol is an unlawful act, this unlawful act falls into the category of administrative violation as well as the notary's code of ethics.

The phenomenon of the problem in this research is that the complaints that are often reported by customers are related to sudden blackouts for hours, the most complaints are also followed by APP/KWH meter disturbances which are usually caused by the PLN server having an error or problem.The purpose of this study was to analyze the performance of bright PLN in responding to complaints in Batam City, to find out what PLN customer complaints were, to find out customer satisfaction related to bright PLN's performance. The approach used in this research is descriptive and qualitative research. A qualitative approach is a research technique that produces descriptive data in the form of written/oral words about individuals or observed behavior. This approach aims holistically on the background and the individual. Qualitative descriptive research is to describe the informants' opinions as they are in accordance with the research questions. The focus in this study, the authors put more emphasis on one main indicator to assess the performance of Bright PLN Batam City employees. The indicator is Responsiveness. Data collection techniques in this study were interviews, observation, documentation review. Informants in this study amounted to 14 people.

This research aims to determine the Juridical Analysis of Intellectual Property Rights Protection in the Mobile Legend and League of Legend Games from an Indonesian Legal Perspective, based on the title raised in this research. This research uses a type of normative juridical research. The process of collecting data from the objects studied in this research uses primary, secondary and tertiary techniques. The data obtained by this research uses a qualitative method which explains the relationship between variables and generalizes the social phenomena studied.The results of this research show that online gaming has become a rapidly growing industry with many opportunities and challenges related to intellectual property rights and the development of the online gaming industry has also brought complex issues related to copyright, trademarks and patents involving various elements. unique in online games. therefore, the role of intellectual property rights in protecting creative works in games, encouraging innovation, and overcoming violations of intellectual property rights. So it is important to collaborate between online game developers, players and the government in creating a clear and fair legal framework to protect intellectual property rights in online games.

Public service is one of the main roles of the government to meet the needs of its people. The implementation of public services will also adapt according to the needs of the community and develop in line with changes in social life. This makes the government always try to foster motivation in creating effective and efficient services so as to provide convenience for the public. The purpose or research of this is to find out and explain how the implementation of One For Eleven Innovation in Solok City and to know and analyze the inhibiting factors that influence the implementation of One For Eleven innovation seen from product innovation, process innovation, research method innovation, strategy or policy innovation and system innovation . This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The results of the One For Eleven innovation research in Solok City based on indicators of innovation are included in an innovation. This innovation is included in product innovation because there is a renewal of service media, including in process innovation where there are differences in service flow. This innovation is also included in the innovation of service methods where changes in service delivery. This innovation includes strategy or policy innovation because it has a vision, mission and goal of forming an innovation from the existing reality. In addition, this innovation is also included in system innovation, namely the existence of novelty in the interaction of implementing actors in managing innovation, but the implementation of innovation and its utilization by the community is not optimal because there are still many prospective brides who do not know about this innovation. The lack of socialization of innovation by implementers to the community so that there are still many people who do not know about this innovation. Then the difference in the domicile of the bride and groom as a requirement in obtaining this innovation has caused not all bride and groom to receive the One For Eleven innovation service. Lack of coordination between implementing agencies causes executors not to understand their duties.
 

This research aims to find out how the crime of raping minors is handled. This research is empirical legal research by presenting field facts as the main data, which are then analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The research results show that the handling of criminal acts, especially those related to sexual intercourse, is usually left to the parents of the victim or perpetrator. The sexual intercourse referred to is when the perpetrator and victim have sexual relations on the basis of mutual consent and it is disputed by the victim's family. What is the PPA unit of the Gorontalo City Police doing in terms of making peace efforts, because considering that the perpetrators of this crime are still children, protection measures must also be taken so that the children can grow and develop and return to normal activities in society. This handling includes receiving complaint reports, the investigation and case investigation stage, the file transfer stage and providing protection for victims. Law enforcers need to consider implementing the concept of restorative justice in minor cases in accordance with existing provisions, but not in cases of rape or sexual violence, especially against children. Apart from that, the community, especially parents and families, are as far as possible against peace efforts to marry the victim to the perpetrator, because it can trigger other problems and prevent repetition of criminal acts and other violence that the victim will receive.

This research refers to violations during the campaign period, specifically this settlement is regulated in Bawaslu Regulation Number 8 of 2018 concerning settlement of election administrative violations. The problem in implementing the campaign in this study is violations during the campaign. Violations of these rules will be considered criminal offenses and are subject to imprisonment for a maximum of 2 years. The research method used in this research is to use a qualitative descriptive approach with primary and secondary data sources as well as using data collection techniques by observation, interviews, and documentation. The theory in this study refers to Ansell and Gash namely, the results of the research show that in the first indicator, face-to-face dialogue is carried out with coordination meetings at a scheduled time, so that when campaigns reduce violations, fraud, violence and threats in the field. The second indicator of building trust is communication between organizers, supervisors and security personnel, and this is the keyword for successful collaboration. The third indicator is commitment to the process, namely the three parties involved carry out their roles, which means that the parties involved are committed to carrying it out. The fourth indicator in the process of mutual understanding is that the organizers, supervisors and security forces understand each other about the handling of violations during the campaign period. The fifth indicator is that the interim results in collaboration are carried out by the parties continuously trying to fulfill them properly, the interim results produce solutions and hopes from all parties by providing what is best for this country, and the creation of elections that are safe, peaceful and reduce fraud. The conclusion of this study is that the handling of campaign violations in the Riau Archipelago province will continue to be improved and improved and tighten supervision so that unwanted things do not occur and quality elections will be achieved.

Giro is a modern payment instrument that is currently very widely used in Indonesia because of the ease and security of transactions of buying and selling in a large amount of money. With the Giro masyarakar no longer worry so much money when buying and selling transactions. But because of weak laws governing the Giro, the system of banking that is not good to make Giro much abused in the world trade in Indonesia as ever used for fraud, breach of contract and even being sold paper giro already closed the account but not withdrawn by the Bank concerned, here the Bank's role is very important, but in reality only a Bank Account provider or manager of the Giro and only a block accounts Giro Giro when the Kosong.pengadilan also in deciding the case on the Giro this could happen fault and most of the cases the Giro go to the District Court of the plaintiff's money is not returned and the plaintiffs continue to experience losses. This is what makes Giro is irrelevant used as means of payment in Indonesia.

This research article has the title "Building a Justice and Dignified Pancasila Law State". In this study, a qualitative method was applied using a normative juridical approach. The data that will be used later is related data from a book, academic writing, report or other written additional source. The source of the data collection correlates with the title under study, the data is collected from main legal sources as well as additional legal sources. The aim of this study is to examine whether the Pancasila legal state has a system that is justice and dignified for its people. The theories used are theories that correlate with the rule of law. The results of the discussion and analysis show that the Pancasila legal state has not fully realized a justice and dignified system. After knowing this, this article will examine how the Pancasila legal state can fulfill these two aspects with efforts to build and reorganize so that the Pancasila legal state can create a system that is justice and dignified for society.

The changing era has made awareness of democracy and constitutionalism growing rapidly. With these amendments or changes, it is hoped that the 1945 Constitution can become the basic rules of the constitutional system under the conditions of a growing Indonesian state. The constitutional system is defined as the arrangement of elements in the organizational structure of the state that are interrelated. The vast territory of Indonesia requires that the central government hand over some of its authority to local governments. Regional governments specifically have functions, duties, and authorities in managing their own government affairs in their regions. In accordance with their roles and duties, local governments must also be able to handle various cases or problems that could occur unexpectedly, such as an outbreak or corona virus that suddenly attacked the country of Indonesia and resulted in a decrease in people's living standards, especially in the economic, social and law which is also included in the constitutional composition of the Indonesian government. Thus, the central and regional governments in this case have important roles that are interrelated in dealing with problems that occur in Indonesia. This is carried out using the principle of autonomy which is the basic rule of the government in exercising authority in its area. And by using the principle of decentralization, the central government can evenly distribute welfare, quality of life, and progress in infrastructure development in every region in Indonesia.

By enacting legislation to protect, maintain and monitor the importance of human rights. Discrimination refers to unfair or unequal treatment of a person or group based on certain characteristics.Such as injustice regarding race, ethnicity, gender, religion, sexual orientation, or disability. This usually occurs in environments such as education, health services, residence and in social interactions. Ethnic discrimination occurs when individuals or groups are judged based on their ethnic origin, which includes cultural identity, language, or national origin. This ethnic discrimination can lead to unequal treatment in terms of economic opportunities, access to health services, or unfair treatment by related institutions. In Indonesia, racial and ethnic discrimination is also a problem faced, although in a different context from other countries. Even though Indonesia has rich cultural, linguistic and ethnic diversity, there are still challenges in ensuring fair treatment for all citizens. Several ethnic minority groups in Indonesia may face various obstacles in terms of access to quality education, decent work and adequate health services.

The issue of plastic bags continues to be a significant topic globally in waste management. Their relatively low cost, ease of use, and accessibility have made plastic bags an integral part of human life. With increasing plastic bag usage, inevitably comes an increase in plastic waste. Moreover, the rapid usage cycle of plastic bags, as they are typically single-use items used only temporarily, exacerbates the problem. If plastic waste is not optimally managed, it will have negative environmental impacts. To address this, the retail company Alfamart has begun employing green marketing strategies to promote the "Plastic Bag Diet" by offering environmentally friendly shopping bag products (Eco Bags). This aims to raise awareness and concern among the public for environmental sustainability by reducing plastic bag usage during shopping. Apart from Alfamart, other competing retail companies have also adopted similar strategies and offer eco-friendly bag products. The intensifying competition among retail companies forces managers to reconsider their strategies to win market share. The issuance of the Bali Provincial Regulation on Limiting Single-Use Plastic Waste is based on Article 12 paragraph (3) and Article 13 paragraph (2) of Bali Provincial Regulation Number 5 Year 2011 concerning Waste Management. This reflects the negative impacts that can arise if waste is not properly managed. The enactment of local regulations prohibiting the use of single-use plastic indicates a legal policy direction towards environmental conservation. The research method used in this study is a juridical normative method with a literature review approach, focusing on legal norms including principles, norms, rules, regulations, agreements, and doctrines. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the effects of green marketing on attracting purchasing interest and persuading the public to make purchasing decisions on Eco Bag products at Alfamart as alternatives to plastic bags.

This research aims to determine the impact of lack of transparency in regional financial management on local development and community welfare and accountability will remain a topic of concern in society. The public does not want acts of corruption to occur in government, because acts of corruption will not only be detrimental to state finances, they will also have an impact on hampering state development and reducing the level of social welfare. This type of research is a literature study. Library study activities related to methods of collecting library data, reading and taking notes and processing research materials. The results of the research inform that the phenomenon of non-transparency in the areas of budgeting, personnel, procurement of goods and services is certainly a fact that must be revealed based on the facts that can be observed and witnessed in various implementation of the main duties and functions of government employees. The cause of non-transparency in the various fields mentioned above is because there are factors that hinder the realization of transparency in the implementation of clean, authoritative and responsible regional government. Keywords: Transparency, Finance, Society

During the New Order government, Indonesia experienced a process of economic recovery after hyperinflation in the 1960s. A number of policies and programs during President Soeharto's leadership were actually successful in bringing Indonesia to a state of recovery, and they were even able to achieve various new achievements, which led to Indonesia being nicknamed the 'Asian Tiger'. However, as a result of the Asian Financial Crisis, Indonesia again fell into the abyss of an economic crisis (monetary crisis) in the 1990s. Finally, as a result of this incident, Indonesian reform occurred, marked by the fall of the authoritarian regime. From the ups and downs of the Indonesian economy during the New Order, this research reveals the influence of events and polemics that occurred at that time in relation to the current digital era. From what has been researched, it has been found that there are many positive influences, such as sustainability in managing the potential of economic resources better with the support of technology and also regarding the fact that there is a lack of digital infrastructure facilities which hinder the progress of economic productivity.

Permasalahan pengungsi saat ini adalah masuknya pengungsi dari negara Myanmar yaitu pengungsi etnis Rohingya. Konflik etnis Rohingya yang berkepanjangan yang terjadi di Myanmar membuat mereka lari dan keluar dari Myanmar, dan salah satu negara yang terkena dampak dari pindahnya etnis Rohingya ini adalah indonesia. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian hukum normatif dengan teknik pengumpulan bahan hukum yang dilakukan dengan menggali kerangka normatif dan teknik studi dokumen menggunakan bahan hukum. Sehingga didapat kesimpulan bahwa  yurisdiksi dari ICC sendiri dalam menangangani kasus Genosida yang terjadi di Myanmar terhadap etnis Rohingnya, ICC berpedoman pada statuta yang mendasarinya yaitu Statuta Roma 1998.
Kata Kunci:  Pengungsi, Genosida, Rohingya
ABSTRACT
The current refugee problem is the influx of refugees from the myanmar state of ethnic rohingya. The ongoing rohingya ethnic conflict in myanmar leaves them in and out of myanmar, and one of the countries affected by the rohingyas is Indonesia. The type of research used in this study is a normative-law study with legal collection techniques done by digging up normatif skeletons and document study techniques using legal materials. This leads to the conclusion that the jurisdiction of the ICC itself is responsible for the genocide that occurred in myanmar against its ethnic rohinge, the ICC adheres to the underlying statute of Romans 1998.
Key words: refugees, genocide, rohingya

This study set out to ascertain whether the provincial governments of West Java and DKI Jakarta will adopt a performance-oriented budgeting approach. A case study using a qualitative methodology is the research technique employed. This study makes use of secondary data that is comparative-analyzed from a variety of literary sources, including government publications, news articles, and journals. The results of this exploratory inquiry demonstrate that a full paradigm shift in the issue between legislative and executive policies that result in system change is still lacking in consistency and completeness. This is because old procedures are being used, and their size and cost requirements are unclear. What is needed is an integrated monitoring system that, with the support of regional leaders and without any sectoral ego among field agents, other areas could adopt. Then, greater budget transparency must keep pushing government organizations to use faster, higher-quality electronic procurement of products and services, or e-procurement (e-proc).

Transformational leadership is a leadership approach that focuses on developing and empowering subordinates, with the aim of creating significant change in the organization.  This leadership style involves inspiration, motivation, and positive influence of a leader on subordinates. In the context of state administration, transformational leadership can directly impact the performance of civil servants, including civil servants in the Lamuru sub-district office of Bone Regency. Bone Regency is one of Indonesia’s regions with its own potential and challenges in development. In carrying out its duties, the Lamuru Subdistrict Office as a representative of local government at the sub-district level has a strategic role in organizing various state administration activities, coordinating development programs, and providing public services to the community. To achieve these goals, quality and effective ASN performance is essential.The research method used in this study is a Qualitative Research Method on the Effect of Transformational Leadership on the Performance of the State Civil Apparatus at the Lamuru Subdistrict Office of Bone Regency can be used to gain a deep understanding of the experiences, perceptions, and meanings associated with the phenomenon of leadership and the performance of civil servants in specific contexts.Transformational leadership has a significant influence on the performance of the state civil apparatus (ASN) at the Lamuru Subdistrict Office of Bone Regency. Through transformational leadership, a leader is able to inspire, motivate, and influence civil servants to achieve better performance and make maximum contributions in carrying out their duties. This study highlights several important findings related to the influence of transformational leadership on the performance of civil servants in the Lamuru Subdistrict Office of Bone Regency. By paying attention to the influence of this transformational leadership, the Lamuru Subdistrict Office of Bone Regency can improve the performance of civil servants, and quality public services, and strengthen public trust in the local government. Effective implementation of transformational leadership requires organizational support, leader commitment, effective communication, subordinate participation, good team building, and appreciation for achievements.
 
 

This research aims to analyze decision-making factors in selecting mangrove forests in the MAGER program at Earth Hour Surabaya. This research method uses a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection techniques, namely interviews with five people related to decision making in selecting mangrove forests. The results of this research are that there are several factors in decision making at Earth Hour Surabaya seen from a person's position in making decisions, problems, situations, conditions and goals in making these decisions. In making decisions regarding this phenomenon, the decisions taken have gone through several processes that consider various things so that the decision can be taken.
 
 

This research aims to find out about the adaptation experiences experienced by students from Kebumen studying at the University of Jember. The aim of this research is to find out how students from Kebumen adapt and deal with culture shock while living in Jember. In adapting, students from Kebumen were assisted by the Kebumen Student Association (PERHIMAK), which is a family-based association that helps students from Kebumen adapt while living in Jember. This research uses a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach as a constructivist paradigm and in-depth interviews as a data collection technique. Interviews were conducted with students from Kebumen who studied and migrated to the University of Jember who were adapting to the culture shock and what difficulties they experienced while in Jember. The results of this research describe the underlying motives for students from Kebumen to migrate and study at Jember University, the adaptation experiences they have had, and how they overcome culture shock and homesickness during the ongoing adaptation process.