Traditional bamboo shoot fermentation is a hereditary practice still preserved by the people of Panti Village, Pasaman Regency. This process not only serves as a natural preservation method but also makes an important contribution to the formation of distinctive flavors and increases the nutritional value of bamboo shoots. One key aspect of this fermentation process is the activity of microorganisms, particularly lactic acid bacteria, which play a role in the production of metabolites such as lactic acid, which functions as a natural preservative, inhibits the growth of pathogenic microbes, and contributes to the distinctive flavor and aroma of fermentation. The main objective of this study was to isolate and identify the types of lactic acid bacteria found in traditionally fermented bamboo shoots. Fermented bamboo shoot samples were taken from several local production houses in Panti Village. The microbial isolation process was carried out using selective media MRS (de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe) agar, which is commonly used for the growth of lactic acid bacteria. The obtained isolates were then analyzed through colony morphology observation, Gram staining, and microscopic tests to determine initial characteristics. Further identification was carried out through a series of biochemical tests to determine the genus and species of the bacteria. The results of the study showed the presence of several Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterial isolates that are strongly suspected to belong to the lactic acid bacteria group, such as Lactobacillus plantarum. This bacterium is known to have probiotic potential and functional benefits in fermented food products. These findings indicate that traditional fermented bamboo shoots can be a potential source of functional bacterial isolates that are beneficial for the food industry, particularly in the development of probiotic products, natural preservatives, and food additives based on local fermentation. This study emphasizes the importance of preserving local wisdom in food fermentation practices as a foundation for sustainable, culturally aware food technology innovation and supporting food security based on local resources.

Tempoyak is a traditional Indonesian fermented food made from the flesh of durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.), which undergoes spontaneous fermentation driven by indigenous microorganisms. The fermentation process generally occurs under anaerobic conditions and is primarily dominated by lactic acid bacteria (LAB), including species such as Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, and Pediococcus. These bacteria play a crucial role in modifying the physicochemical properties of the product, including a significant reduction in pH, an increase in the concentration of organic acids, and the formation of volatile compounds responsible for tempoyak’s distinctive aroma and overall flavor complexity. In addition to enhancing its unique sensory profile, the fermentation process also extends the shelf life and introduces probiotic potential to the final product. This study aims to observe and analyze the microbiological and chemical aspects of tempoyak fermentation and to evaluate its potential as a local functional food with health-promoting properties. Laboratory tests and microbial analyses confirmed that the fermentation process not only retains essential nutrients but also promotes the growth of beneficial bacteria, provided the production conditions are hygienically maintained at all stages. The study emphasizes the importance of controlled fermentation techniques to ensure product safety and consistent quality. Furthermore, the findings reveal that tempoyak could serve as a promising probiotic-rich food that supports digestive health, contributing to the diversification of traditional Indonesian fermented foods. With its appealing flavor, cultural value, growing consumer interest, and potential health benefits, tempoyak holds significant promise for future development and commercialization, particularly in the field of functional food innovation rooted in indigenous culinary practices.

This research is a development research that aims to develop PBL-based chemistry learning E-Modules on electrolyte and non-electrolyte solution materials that are valid, practical and effective for use in the learning process. The development model used in this study refers to the Hannafin and Peck development model which consists of 3 stages, namely: (1) needs analysis (Needs Assessment), design stage (Design), and development/implementation stage (Develop and Implementation). This learning E-Module has gone through the validation stage by validators/experts and has gone through small-scale trials and field trials so as to produce a learning E-Module that is valid, practical and effective. Based on the results of data analysis, the average validity of the material was 0.91 and the validity of the media was 0.92 and was in the valid category. The practicality of the E-Module is obtained from the assessment of observers by 100% being in the very practical category, teacher responses of 94.64% and being in the very practical category, and student responses of 91% and being in the practical category. The effectiveness of the E-Module was obtained by 86.36% of students who achieved learning completeness scores. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that the development of PBL-based chemistry learning E-Modules on electrolyte and non-electrolyte solution materials developed was valid, practical and effective for use in learning.

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Project-Based Learning (PBL) in improving students' critical thinking skills in mathematics at Grade VII SMP Negeri 5 Setu. The research type used is experimental with a one-group pretest-posttest design. Data were collected through a critical thinking skills test administered at three stages: pre-cycle, cycle 1, and cycle 2. The results show a significant improvement in students' critical thinking skills, with the average test score reaching 57.5% in the pre-cycle, 72.8% in cycle 1, and 85.6% in cycle 2. Based on these results, it can be concluded that Project-Based Learning is effective in improving students' critical thinking skills in mathematics at SMP Negeri 5 Setu.

The implementation of science learning in schools not only aims to improve students' academic understanding, but also plays an important role in building religious character. Research shows that the integration of religious values in science learning can strengthen students' belief in religious teachings and increase their positive behavior. For example, Islamic values integrated into science materials at the SD/MI level can encourage students to be more convinced of the existence of Allah and follow His provisions, thus forming a strong religious character. In addition, learning approaches that prioritize routine activities such as praying together and reading the Qur'an before lessons have also proven effective in instilling religious character. Furthermore, the application of learning modules that integrate basic concepts of science with Islamic values, such as those conducted at the University of KH Abdurrahman Wahid Pekalongan, shows that students can better understand the material while internalizing religious values in their daily lives. Other studies also emphasize the importance of character education programs integrated in the curriculum, where religious activities at school, such as congregational prayers and holiday celebrations, contribute significantly to the formation of students' religious character. Thus, well-designed science learning can be an effective means to build students' religious character.

This research aims to determine whether the development of teaching materials using the Kvisoft flipbook maker application on linear program material, the sub-material of linear inequalities in two variables, affects learning outcomes. This research method uses research and development, with 25 students as subjects. The research results show that in the effectiveness test, it was found that 21 out of 25 students were declared complete in learning mathematics using teaching modules using Kvisoft flipbook maker on linear program material developed by the author. Meanwhile, Class So's teaching module developed in this research was effective.

This article aims to develop an instructional design in applying the Jigsaw cooperative learning model to the ability to understand mathematical concepts and the self-efficacy of students at SMK N 26 Pembangunan Jakarta. The learning material chosen is lines and series, covering the following sub-topics: Arithmetic series, geometric series, arithmetic series, and geometric series. The steps before forming the instructional design carried out a needs analysis in which classroom observations and teacher and student interviews were carried out. After the needs analysis is obtained, a learning plan is formed that will be created and will be implemented in the next lesson.

This research aims to evaluate cabbage production planning in North Sumatra using the discrete-time Markov chain method. Cabbage is one of the horticultural agricultural products that plays an important role in North Sumatra's exports. Proper evaluation of production plans is necessary to ensure sustainability and increase productivity and export volume. The Discrete Time Markov Chain method is used to predict changes in cabbage production conditions over time by considering the factors that influence them. Data on cabbage production and harvested area in North Sumatra from 2020 to 2022 were analyzed using one-step and n-step transition opportunity matrices. The results of the analysis show that in 2023, cabbage production and harvested land area are predicted to experience a significant increase compared to the previous year. This research provides a more accurate and efficient planning strategy for cabbage production, which can ultimately improve agricultural management in North Sumatra.
 

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan produk berupa buku penuntun praktikum kimia berbasis lingkungan pada materi asam basa. Penelitian pengembangan dengan menggunakan model ADDIE yaitu Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, dan Evaluation. Validasi dilakukan oleh validator produk, respon guru dan observer keterlaksanaan. Uji coba dilakukan terhadap 20 peserta didik. Berdasarkan analisis data dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa penuntun praktikum kimia berbasis lingkungan dinyatakan valid oleh validator produk (rerata 83%), dinyatakan sangat praktis dilihat dari hasil respon guru (rerata 94%) dan dilihat dari observer keterlaksanaan (83%). Keefektifan dilihat berdasarkan hasil post-test (rerata 75%) dan angket respon peserta didik (rerata 87%). Buku penuntun praktikum kimia dinyatakan valid, praktis dan efektif untuk digunakan.

The low interest in reading among elementary school (SD) students poses a significant challenge in the context of primary education. This article identifies various factors that contribute to the low interest in reading among students, including lack of access to engaging reading materials, insufficient support from parents, lack of motivation or intrapersonal interest, uninteresting curriculum and teaching methods, influence of electronic media, socio-economic conditions, lack of reading role models, and difficulties in reading. The analysis yields recommendations that encompass improving access to engaging reading materials, encouraging parental support, fostering student motivation and intrapersonal interest, and developing engaging curriculum and teaching methods. Through a holistic and sustainable approach, it is hoped that these recommendations can help address the challenges of low reading interest among elementary school students and enhance the quality of literacy learning at the primary level.

The low understanding of mathematical concepts experienced by students also has an impact on students' ability to solve problems related to mathematics because the concepts taught by teachers are never found in everyday life. Therefore, a learning approach is needed that encourages students to construct their own mathematical concepts based on experiences that occur in everyday life. The research method used in this research is Systematic Literature Review (SLR). The data collection process includes collecting and analyzing every published article and book that discusses mathematical concepts and the application of Realistic Mathematics Education (RME). The journals used in this research are national and international journals indexed by SINTA and SCOPUS. Research findings show that the RME approach has an important role in improving students' ability to understand mathematical concepts in several materials at every level of education.

This study aims to design and produce Student Worksheets (LKPD) based on the Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD) on class XI human respiratory system material. This type of research is Research and Development (Reasearch & Development) with the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation). The subjects of this study were 2 material expert validator lecturers and 2 learning expert validator lecturers, the assessment of 1 biology teacher, and the responses of class XI MIPA-3 students of SMAN 1 Labuhan Deli T.A. 2022/2023. Data analysis used quantitative and qualitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that the development of STAD-based LKPD obtained validation results by material experts of 96.88% in the "very feasible" category, validation by learning experts of 90.13% in the "very feasible" category, assessment by biology teachers of 93.42 % in the "very feasible" category, the student response was 94.96% in the "very feasible" category, and the results of the effectiveness test obtained an N-gain score of 0.72 which was included in the "high" category and was considered effective in being used in the learning process biology in the material of the human respiratory system.

This study examines the effectiveness of the experimental method in improving the learning outcomes and learning motivation of third-grade elementary school students in science subjects. The research employed a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group design, involving an experimental group taught using the experimental method and a control group taught with conventional methods. Data were collected using tests, questionnaires, and observation sheets. The findings reveal that the experimental method significantly enhances both learning outcomes and motivation compared to conventional methods. Statistical analysis using t-tests showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the experimental and control groups in terms of posttest scores and motivation levels. The experimental method proved effective in promoting active student engagement, deeper conceptual understanding, and intrinsic motivation. This method is recommended as a strategy to improve science learning quality in elementary schools.

Pencucian pakaian merupakan salah satu proses yang penting dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Meskipun mesin cuci otomatis telah memberikan kemudahan dalam melakukan proses pencucian, penggunaan teknologi terbaru seperti kontrol logika fuzzy dapat meningkatkan kinerja mesin cuci pintar untuk mencapai hasil pencucian yang optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengimplementasikan kontrol logika fuzzy dengan metode Mamdani pada mesin cuci pintar guna meningkatkan efisiensi dan kualitas pencucian. Metode penelitian ini terdiri dari beberapa tahap, pertama, melakukan analisis terhadap variabel-variabel yang mempengaruhi proses pencucian, seperti beban pakaian, ketebalan pakaian, tingkat kekotoran, dan suhu air. Selanjutnya merancang sistem kontrol logika fuzzy Mamdani dengan menentukan fungsi keanggotaan untuk setiap variabel serta membuat aturan-aturan fuzzy untuk menghubungkan variabel input dan output dan yang terakhir melakukan evaluasi hasil pencucian terhadap variabel input yang telah ditentukan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi kontrol logika fuzzy Mamdani pada mesin cuci pintar dapat meningkatkan kualitas pencucian yang signifikan dan adaptif dalam menentukan parameter-parameter pencucian dengan menghasilkan kualitas pencucian yang lebih bersih. Dengan demikian integrasi kontrol logika fuzzy Mamdani pada mesin cuci cerdas memiliki potensi meningkatkan kinerja pencucian secara keseluruhan. Kesimpulannya, penggunaan kontrol logika fuzzy Mamdani pada mesin cuci pintar merupakan langkah yang efektif untuk meningkatkan efisiensi dan efektivitas pencucian pakaian. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi dalam pengembangan teknologi mesin cuci pintar yang lebih adaptif dan ramah lingkungan, serta memberikan kontribusi penting dalam pengembangan teknologi dalam bidang kontrol logika fuzzy untuk aplikasi rumah tangga pintar lainnya.

This research utilizes the Markov Chain method to analyze daily weather data in the city of Medan. The main objective of this study is to forecast weather changes in the future based on the weather conditions of the previous day. Daily weather data was collected from the nearest weather station over a specific period of time. The analysis results indicate that the Markov Chain model provides good estimates of the likelihood of weather changes from one day to the next. The steady state probabilities demonstrate the dominance of partly cloudy and clear weather in the long term. This research provides valuable insights for various sectors related to weather, such as agriculture, transportation, and tourism.

Algorithms are steps that are arranged logically and systematically to solve a problem. In the world of simple programming, the algorithm is the initial stage and is written before the program is written. One of the problems that can be solved with computer programming is problems that involve mathematical calculations. This research aims to develop understanding of algorithms and develop programming skills, especially for beginners. The method used in this research is the literature study or literature review method, namely analyzing several studies related to the topic discussed, especially introducing the basic concepts of programming algorithms, characteristics of programming algorithms, grouping programming languages ??based on level and algorithm notation, which are some of the basic things that are mandatory. known by everyone who wants to create a program. This understanding will be very helpful in the development of more complex programming projects. Therefore, learning basic programming algorithms is very crucial or important for anyone who wants to start in the world of programming.

This research aims to identify lichens as bioindicators of air pollution in the area of ??the Sunan Gunung Djati State Islamic University Campus, Bandung. Research was carried out to evaluate the amount and types of lichen present and to assess the air quality in the campus environment. In this research, observations were made of several types of lichens growing in various locations on campus. Observation results showed the presence of several types of lichens such as Dirinaria sp., Cryptothecia striata, Dirinaria picta, and Diploicia canescens. The number of colonies and morphological characteristics of each lichen type were identified to interpret the level of air pollution at each location. Observation results show that the campus has a variety of lichen types, each of which shows tolerance to different environmental conditions. Among the types found, Dirinaria sp. and Cryptothecia striata were found in relatively large numbers of colonies, while Dirinaria picta showed good adaptability even though it was found in small numbers, and Diploicia canescens indicated fairly polluted air conditions. Thus, this research concludes that lichens can be used effectively as bioindicators to monitor air quality around campus, with the number and diversity of lichen types providing an overview of overall environmental conditions.
 
 

Coconut shell is an organic waste that has the potential to be used as fuel, activated carbon, and pharmaceutical and cosmetic ingredients because it has good thermal diffusion properties due to its high cellulose and lignin content. This study aims to produce a heterogeneous catalyst based on activated carbon activated with H?PO? and KOH and to determine the effect of concentration and activation time. The method used is coconut shell pyrolysis at a temperature of 500°C for 2 hours, followed by activation using acids and bases. A total of 20 grams of activated carbon was calcined at a temperature of 500°C for 3 hours. Catalyst characterization was carried out using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to analyze functional groups and X-Ray diffraction (XRD) to determine the crystallinity of the resulting biochar.

This study aims to gather sufficient information about the sexagesimal base 60 number system. This research method is a literature study that collects some previous studies to answer about the sexagesimal base 60 number system. The results of this research show that the sexagesimal or sixtieth number system is the same calculation as Babylonian people's astronomical calculations, in their use sexagesimals can be said to be easier to use than decimal numbers, and to this day the sexagesimal number system is still used in a modified form to measure time, angles, geographic coordinates, and is still used in the field of astronomy.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the effectiveness of Geogebra learning media in solving math problems among students. The method used in this study is the literature review method with a qualitative approach, which involves a literature review of library sources such as books, articles, journals. Data collection techniques were carried out by conducting literature studies and distributing questionnaires and test questions given to 10 students from class 4C in the 4th semester of Mathematics Education at Indraprasta University PGRI, who were considered to represent the entire research subject. The data analysis technique uses descriptive analytic by collecting data then compiling, analyzing and drawing conclusions. The results of this study indicate that Geogebra is less effective in solving mathematical problems due to lack of knowledge about Geogebra and low interest in using Geogebra.

Financial intelligence is an individual's ability to understand, manage, and optimize the management of personal finances. Financial mathematics is becoming an important tool in developing financial intelligence. In this research using literature study method this method involves the search and collection of information from related literature sources. Through financial mathematics, one can calculate the future value of an investment, estimate the return on an investment, calculate annuity payments, understand the concept of time value of money, and analyze investment risk. The application of financial mathematics in financial intelligence provides an advantage in taking better financial decisions and managing finances effectively. By utilizing financial mathematics, one can improve their understanding of Finance, make effective financial planning, and take better financial decisions.

The people of the Banceuy traditional village, Sanca Village, Ciater District, Subang Regency have a unique tradition of expressing gratitude for natural products, especially rice (Oryza sativa), which has been carried out since the time of their ancestors and is known as the Ngaruwat Bumi ceremony. Ngaruwat Bumi is a traditional ceremony that is routinely held every year at the end of the month of Rayagung. This research aims to analyze ethnobotanical studies on the Ngaruwat Bumi ceremony in the Banceuy Indigenous village community. The research was carried out in three stages, namely literature study, interviews, and data processing and analysis. The data taken is primary data and secondary data. Primary data is data obtained directly in the field through interviews with respondents. Meanwhile, secondary data is data obtained from previously existing research or publications. Sampling used a purposive random sampling method with 15 respondents. The research results showed that six types of plants were used in the Ngaruwat traditional ceremonies carried out by the people of the Banceuy traditional village, namely Oryza sativa, Arenga pinnata, Cocos nucifera, Cordyline fruticosa, Coleus scutellarioides, Justicia gendarussa, and Musa paradisiaca.

This study aims to determine the effect of the Thinking Aloud Pair Problem Solving (TAPPS) method on students' mathematical communication abilities. The type of research used is a Quasi-Experimental type (pseudo-experimental) and uses the True Experimental Design research design with the Posttest-Only Controll form. The research was conducted at SMP Ikhlasiyah Palembang with a population of all students of class VII consisting of 2 classes. The sample were taken from all members of all population so that class VII.1 as the experimental class was given treatment, namely the Thinking Aloud Pair Problem Solving (TAPPS) method and class VII.2 as the control class which was not given treatment, namely the conventional method. Research data was collected through tests. Based on the analysis of the test results, it shows that the students' mathematical communication skills in the experimental class are higher than those in the control class. This means that the class that was treated with the TAPPS method affected students' mathematical communication skills. Statistical calculations obtained from the test results yield tcount = 2.944 and ttable = 2.013, so that tcount > ttable which causes H0 to be rejected and H1 to be accepted. Thus, it can be concluded that there is an influence of the Thinking Aloud Pair Problem Solving (TAPPS) method on the mathematical communication abilities of class VII students of SMP Ikhlasiyah Palembang.
 
 

In this study, problems can be found with low activity and student learning outcomes because students still do not understand learning and do not participate in learning. As for the solution to overcome these problems, researchers used a combination of PBL, TPS and CRH models. With the aim of this research to know the activities of students and teachers and improve student learning outcomes. This study uses a type of Classroom Action Research (CAR) with a qualitative approach, in this study conducted for 4 meetings. The research subjects were fifth grade students who were at Sungai Miai 8 Elementary School Banjarmasin with 18 students. The results of this study showed that there was an increase in teacher activity from meeting I reaching a score of 64 in the "Good" category and at meeting IV reaching a score of 97 with the "Very Good" category. Student activity at meeting I reached a score of 57 with the category "Quite Active" there was an increase in meeting IV reaching a score of 84 with the category "Very Active". Likewise, the learning outcomes in both the cognitive domain increased to 94%, while the affective and psychomotor domains increased to 100%.

This study aims to analyze the difference in students' reading comprehension ability between innovative and conventional teaching methods. The research uses a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design. The sample consists of 30 students, divided into two groups: the experimental group using innovative learning and the control group using conventional learning. Data was collected through a reading comprehension test and analyzed using an independent t-test. The results showed a significant difference between the two groups, with a t-value of 2.419 and a Sig. (2-tailed) value of 0.022, indicating that innovative learning is more effective in improving students' reading comprehension ability compared to conventional learning. These findings suggest that a more interactive and technology-based learning approach can enhance students' understanding. Therefore, innovative learning can be considered more effective in developing students' cognitive abilities.

This research aims to analyze meta data related to the use of Photomath application as a computational implementation in the form of mathematical software, namely by looking at the research objectives that relate mathematical solutions using the application. This research used the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method. This systematic review identified 7 studies through the Google Scholar database published in 2020-2024. Data collection was carried out by collecting all articles related to the use of photomath in solving mathematical problems with selection criteria and using the PRISMA protocol as a research instrument guideline. The results showed that math software, namely photomath, can make it easier for students, especially those who are not proficient in learning math, this software can help solve math problems practically by taking pictures, this application can also be used as a virtual learning media, teaching materials related to many materials such as decimals, fractions, arithmetic, simple linear equations, algebra to simple calculus.

The growth of invasive foreign plants can change the structure and composition of species in the ecosystem, where the growth of native plant species will be unable to compete with invasive foreign plants which will then slowly experience extinction. Invasive alien plants have detrimental impacts on the environment and economy. The open area on campus 2 of UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung is an area that is currently overgrown with various types and types of plants, where apart from plants planted deliberately, there are also invasive plants growing around it. The invasion process does not occur simultaneously or all at once, but rather gradually and begins with the presence of invasive species in an area of ??land, which then takes over the new habitat or territory. Invasive plants will become more dominant in their growing area with fast growth characteristics and large and densely developed roots. This research aims to identify types of invasive foreign plants, their distribution factors, and the use of invasive plants found in open areas on campus 2 of UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung. The method used in this research is the exploration method combined with the inventory method by observing and taking pictures and then identifying using literature sources. The result was that there were 27 plant species, of which 12 were included in the invasive plant species in Indonesia and the dominant family was the Asteraceae family. Apart from that, this research also examined the use of invasive plants from various literature, one of the plant species studied was Putri Malu (Mimosa pudica L..) has been used as a traditional medicine in healing burns.

This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the Independent Learning Curriculum at SMA Negeri 1 Sula Islands, an educational institution located in the archipelago with its own geographical characteristics and challenges. The focus of this study is to assess the effectiveness of curriculum implementation in shaping a flexible, participatory, and contextual learning experience. Using a descriptive quantitative approach, data was collected through questionnaires of school principals, vice principals for curriculum and student affairs, and grade XI science and social studies students. The results of the study showed that all respondents from school management gave an assessment of the "Very Good" category to the implementation of the Independent Curriculum. Meanwhile, students in grade XI Science gave 92% of responses in the "Very Good" category, and students in grade XI Social Studies recorded 74% in the same category, with a small percentage being in the "Poor" category. These findings indicate that the Independent Curriculum approach that emphasizes project-based learning, learning differentiation, and formative assessment has been successfully adapted effectively by teachers and students. Teacher training support, availability of facilities, and adaptation to the local context have all contributed to this success. The implications of this study show that the Independent Curriculum can be effectively implemented in the archipelago if supported by visionary school leadership and continuous training. This study makes an empirical contribution to the national education reform literature and opens further research opportunities on curriculum adaptation in the 3T region.
 

This research aims to stimulate the understanding of Class XI MIPA 5 students at SMAN 1 Cikeusal through practical work on making a simple calorimeter. This activity was carried out at SMAN 1 Cikeusal. Through this research, it is hoped that students' perception of chemistry subjects as difficult, boring, scary and so on can slowly be reduced so that students' understanding of chemistry subjects can increase. The research method carried out was through a series of activities at SMAN 1 Cikeusal, namely carrying out practical work on making a simple calorimeter using simple tools and materials that are easily found in the surrounding environment and comparing the simple calorimeter tool with the real tool. This activity was held on Wednesday 11 October 2023, which was attended by students of SMAN I Cikeusal Kab. Serang consisting of representatives from class XI Mipa 5 with a total of 40 participants. In carrying out this activity, students showed an enthusiastic and enthusiastic attitude in participating in the learning process, especially during simple practical activities so that the chemical material being studied, namely simple calorimeters, could be understood well. Thus, the aim of the research at SMA 1 Cikeusal can be said to have been achieved because the learning outcomes of students in class XI MIPA 5 SMAN 1 Cikeusal experienced a significant increase after carrying out practicum activities. This is proven by the results of the pretest average score of 87 increasing to 93.5.
 
 

Poverty is a serious problem in Indonesia, including in North Sumatra. Various factors include the human development index (HDI) and unemployment rate. This research aims to analyze the influence of the Human Development Index (HDI) and unemployment on the poverty rate in North Sumatra using the method multiple linear regression to analyze secondary data obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) of North Sumatra. The variables used in this research are the HDI and unemployment, while the dependent variable is the poverty level. The results of the research show that the HDI and the unemployment rate have a significant influence on the poverty level. These findings show that to reduce poverty in North Sumatra, efforts are needed to increase the HDI through improving the quality of education, health and living standards of the community by increasing the HDI which provides efforts to prevent poverty from occurring.

This study aims to analyze the intuitive thinking skills of junior high school students in solving geometric problems based on their learning styles: visual, auditory, and kinesthetic. The research employed a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. Data were collected through a learning style questionnaire to categorize students, problem-solving tests on geometric shapes, and in-depth interviews to explore students' intuitive thinking abilities. The findings indicate that students with a visual learning style exhibit stronger intuitive thinking skills compared to those with auditory and kinesthetic learning styles. Visual learners provided clear and well-structured answers aligned with intuitive thinking indicators such as Catalytic Inference, Power of Synthesis, and Common Sense. Conversely, auditory learners tended to give less detailed answers, although they could identify relevant information. Kinesthetic learners offered brief and less detailed responses, particularly in specifying measurements and units in their calculations. These findings underscore the importance of understanding students' diverse learning styles to optimize mathematics teaching strategies, particularly in enhancing problem-solving skills and intuitive thinking.

The purpose of this study was to find out more carefully students' critical thinking skills in solving word problems in terms of self-efficacy. This research is a qualitative research with a descriptive approach. . The form of research used in this study is a case study. This research was conducted at Semparuk 1 Public High School, Sambas Regency, West Kalimantan. The research subjects were 33 students in class X IPS I. Then 9 students were taken as subjects for interviews where each subject had high, medium and low self-efficacy. The data in this study are in the form of critical thinking ability test results, self-efficacy questionnaire results, and interview results. In this study, data analysis using the Miles and Huberman model was used. Activities in data analysis, namely data collection, data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification. From the results of the study it was found that students who have high self-efficacy have been able to solve Trigonometry story problems well and in accordance with the indicators of mathematical critical thinking ability, students who have moderate self-efficacy have been able to solve Trigonometry story questions poorly and have not fulfilled the four indicators of thinking ability mathematically critical, and students who have low self-efficacy are only able to say what is asked in the questions correctly, while other indicators of mathematical critical thinking skills are not resolved correctly..
 
 
 

This research discusses interesting Natural Sciences (IPA) learning strategies for elementary school students in the digital era. With the development of technology, the use of digital media such as animated videos, learning applications, and 3D simulations has become an effective solution in improving students' understanding of science concepts. The research method used is a literature study by analyzing various literature related to the application of technology in science learning. The results of the study show that the integration of digital media can increase students' learning motivation as well as learning effectiveness. However, challenges such as limited infrastructure and teacher readiness are still obstacles in its implementation. Therefore, training for educators and facility support is needed so that the use of digital technology in science learning can run optimally.

Students' understanding of the concept of nets and surface area of spatial shapes is still relatively low due to the abstract nature of the material and the lack of connection with real life. This study aims to determine the effect of contextual learning models based on North Sumatra local wisdom on improving elementary school students' concept understanding. The method used is Systematic Literature Review (SLR) by analyzing various relevant sources from 2019 to 2024. The results showed that the integration of local cultural elements, such as Batak traditional houses (Rumah Bolon), gorga carvings, and traditional crafts, can help students understand mathematical concepts more concretely. This approach encourages better spatial visualization and calculation skills, and increases students' motivation and active participation. Learning becomes more meaningful as students can relate the material to their cultural environment. However, challenges such as limited learning resources and teacher readiness are still barriers to implementation. Therefore, training for teachers and development of local culture-based teaching materials are needed. This research contributes to the development of contextual learning strategies that are more relevant to students' cultural background, especially in mathematics education at the primary school level.

This research aims to analyze the comparison of using contextual learning media (concrete) involving technology in improving the mathematics learning outcomes of first-grade elementary school students.  The research method used is a qualitative method with a descriptive approach.  Data collection was conducted through observation, interviews, and documentation to understand students' interactions with creative learning media and its impact on their understanding of basic mathematical concepts.  The results of this study indicate that the use of learning media, both contextual (concrete) and involving technology, such as visual aids and educational games, can increase students' interest in learning, help them understand the material more easily, and have a positive impact on their mathematics learning outcomes.  It is hoped that the use of innovative and creative learning media can continue to be applied in mathematics education to support the cognitive development and interest of students in mathematics from an early age.  However, the use of concrete learning media involving counting boards and jumping frogs is hindered by time efficiency.

Secondary metabolites are compounds produced by plants, microorganisms and animals through the process of biosynthesis or derivatives from primary metabolites. The maceration method is a simple way to separate bioactive compounds from plant material. Guava leaves contain secondary metabolite compounds which have medicinal effects such as antibacterial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. This simplicia leaf is soaked in 96% ethanol (using the maceration method) for 24 hours and concentrated using a rotary evaporator. Alkaloid, flavonoid and saponin tests show that guava leaves contain these three compounds. These compounds have potential for development in the pharmaceutical field.

Contextual approach is a learning approach that correlates material with real life. There are many ways that are applied in contextual learning, one of them with learning activities outside or tourism works. This study aims to integrate the activities of pilgrimage to the grave of Gus Dur in learning mathematics can help students in grade 5 elementary school understand the concept of scale and distance more effectively. This case study is expected to provide insight into the benefits of combining local wisdom in the mathematics curriculum, as well as enriching teaching methods in elementary schools. This research is a qualitative study through a survey approach and literature study. The sample in this study was 30 students at the 5th grade level at SD Negeri 6 Kedungwuni Pekalongan Regency. Data collection techniques used by researchers are, using interviews with students and teachers. The results showed that tourism work activities can increase students' understanding and enthusiasm in understanding mathematical concepts.
 

This research is based on the limited use of learning media among teachers, although the media is important to support 21st century learning that should utilize technology. The lack of special media for multiplication materials in grade III of elementary school causes learning to be less in line with the stage of cognitive development of students. Usually, teachers use lecture methods and multiplication tables, which makes students tend to only listen and memorize. As a solution, researchers developed the Interactive Multiplication Stacking Board media, which aims to facilitate the understanding of the concept of multiplication through the repeated multiplication approach so that students can understand the concept of multiplication concretely. This research aims to design, develop, and test the feasibility of the learning media. The method used is Design-Based Research with the Reeves model, which includes problem identification, prototype development based on relevant theories, as well as product testing and improvement through validity tests and repeated trials. The final result of this research is the Interactive Multiplication Stacking Board learning media that is ready to be used to support multiplication learning in class III in elementary school.

This research aims to find out about sound and light materials. Researchers use qualitative research and this type of research is a descriptive method that groups people, an object, a condition, and an event. The descriptive method is a method that describes or analyzes a problem. Qualitative research is divided into 2, namely primary data through interviews and documentation, while secondary data through the books studied. The aim of this research is to analyze sound and light material which includes its properties and application in life. daily. The results of this research show that sound is a vibration that propagates as a wave through solid, liquid or gas media and sound is also defined as a series of waves of changes in density and sound pressure, while light is a wave that passes through a vacuum.

Pemahaman konsep pada pembelakaran matematika di peroleh dari kegiatan yang interaktif antara guru dan siswa. Siswa yang memahami konsep dengan benar akan dapat menjelaskan, menarik kesimpulan, membandingkan, dan memberikan contoh serta memecahkan masalah matematika.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pemahaman konseptual siswa pada pendidikan matematika mengenai pola bilangan, koordinat kartesius, relasi, dan fungsi. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif. Subjek adalah siswa kelas VII E sebanyak 17 orang di MTsN 2 Kerinci. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, tes, dan dokumentasi. Hasilnya Ditemukan bahwa sebagian besar siswa terus salah memahami konsep pada pertanyaan tes yang disediakan. Beberapa siswa memiliki pemahaman sebelumnya tentang materi, yang memungkinkan mereka untuk menafsirkan konsep pada pertanyaan tes yang disediakan.

The aim of this research is to describe the mathematical representation abilities of class X,this research is a qualitative descriptive type research. The subjects in this research were class XII students at SMAN. 2 Kerinci for the 2023/2024 academic year as many as 24 students. The focus of this research is the ability to visual representation, symbolic representation and verbal representation. The research methodology used is qualitative descriptive where tests and documentation are the data collection techniques used. The conclusion of this research is that mathematical representation skills are very important for students to master in determining the right strategy to solve a mathematical problem. Mathematical problems in everyday life, visual, verbal and symbolic representation skills are used, because everyday life problems need to be represented in the form of symbols or images in order to make it easier to solve and face problems.

Anisah. 182140060. "Development of Character Education-Based Interactive Learning Media in Class VII Middle School Mathematics Learning Using Powerpoint". Thesis. Mathematics education. FKIP. Purworejo Muhammadiyah University. 2023.
The aim of this research is to develop and determine the feasibility of the learning media that has been developed. The media product in this study is in the form of interactive learning media based on character education using Powerpoint in learning mathematics for seventh grade junior high school on integer material. This research uses the type of development research (Research and Development) with the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation).
Data collection techniques in this research were carried out by means of interviews, questionnaires and tests. The instruments used include media expert and material expert validation sheets, teacher response questionnaire sheets and student responses, and final test questions. The subjects in this research were class VIID students at SMP Negeri 18 Purworejo. Data analysis in this study was the validity data analysis of media experts and material experts, analysis of teacher response data and student responses, and analysis of final test completeness data.
The results of the media expert's assessment obtained a total score of 66 with valid criteria and material experts obtained a total score of 29 with the validity calculation formula obtaining results with valid criteria, from the teacher response questionnaire and student responses obtained an average total score of 85.1 with practical criteria, from The results of the final question test obtained a completion percentage of 84% with effective criteria. Based on the research results, this mathematics learning media was declared valid, practical and effective. Thus it can be concluded that interactive learning media based on character education in class VII SMP mathematics learning using PowerPoint is appropriate to use as a learning medium.

Improving community welfare is the main goal, of course, and one of the main goals of CSR. Companies can help and improve communities in social, cultural, economic, and physical areas by carrying out corporate social responsibility. By doing so, they can make the community feel helped in improving their welfare If someone offers them help, they tend to see it positively because it is evidence of gratitude and empathy shown. The use of appropriate theories to study community empowerment and capacity building of the River School, including community empowerment through CSR programs, River Schools as a model of environmental education, the role of PLN CSR in environmental education at River Schools, early environmental awareness through CSR and River Schools, the impact of CSR programs on community empowerment and independence. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study of community empowerment through PLN CSR to explore early environmental awareness The location of this research was carried out in Gunung Anyar Tambak Village Rt.01 Rw.01 Surabaya, which is an area used by Bank Sampah by PT. PLN (Persero). The PLN CSR program involving various parties in environmental education has a positive impact on shaping the mindset of the community who are more concerned about environmental sustainability. Awareness built early on, especially in children and adolescents, is expected to produce a generation that is more responsive to environmental issues. Counseling involving schools in this sub-district has proven effective in building a deeper understanding, which can then be passed on to their families. Therefore, it is important for PLN to continue to assist the community, provide adequate facilities and infrastructure, and provide incentives or awards for those who succeed in protecting the environment and managing resources wisely.

Child neglect is a form of emotional violence that can have a significant impact on a child's social and emotional development. Neglect, which is characterized by a lack of attention, affection and support from parents or primary caregivers, often hinders children's ability to build interpersonal relationships, manage emotions and form self-confidence. This impact is not only short-term but also affects the child's life in adulthood, including the risk of mental disorders such as anxiety and depression. This article aims to analyze the impact of neglect on children's social and emotional development and provide recommendations for preventive and intervention steps to support children's optimal growth and development.

This research aims to explore the use of the Microsoft Mathematics application in mathematics learning. Using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, this research summarizes the findings of four related articles. The research results show that the use of Microsoft Mathematics in mathematics learning can facilitate student understanding, simplify complex concepts, encourage independent learning, improve critical thinking skills, and assist in problem solving. The implication of this research is that the use of Microsoft Mathematics in mathematics education can provide significant benefits for student learning outcomes

Studying biology serves as a means to enhance understanding, abilities, perspectives, principles, and ecological accountability. Biology is the scientific discipline that seeks to understand the natural world. Learning biology entails more than simply acquiring factual knowledge, concepts, or principles; it is also an exploratory endeavor. This research aims to discuss problem-based learning (PBL), which can improve the learning outcomes of class XI biology students on plant tissue material and can be used as an alternative learning model. This research uses classroom action research (PTK), which includes four stages: planning, implementing actions, observation,  and reflection, which aim to improve the learning process. PTK is an activity that involves testing an idea in practice, which can improve and increase the quality of the teaching and learning process. The application of the PBL model was able to improve student learning outcomes, especially in biology subjects with plant tissue material for class XI students at SMA N 2 Langowan. During the pre-cycle, the average value was 5.7. In cycle I, it climbed to an average value of 7.3. In cycle II, it further increased to an average value of 8.4. Meanwhile, the completeness of student learning outcomes in the pre-cycle was 20%, while in the first cycle, it was 67%, then grew again in the second cycle, specifically 87%. Based on the aforementioned research findings, it can be inferred that the implementation of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model has led to an improvement in the academic performance of Biology students at SMAN 2 Langowan.
 

The low student learning outcomes are caused by a lack of ability to understand concepts and many students are not serious about working on questions, so that learning is not optimal and effective. Therefore, the general aim of this research is to describe the influence of TGT type cooperative learning based on badeglar media on the conceptual understanding of class X students at Adi Luhur Vocational School for the 2023/2024 academic year. The method in this research uses a pre-experimental method, namely comparing the results of the pretest and posttest with the research population being all class X students at Adi Luhur Vocational School and the sample used in this research is the population itself. Data was collected using test techniques with test sheet research instruments. The data is processed according to parametric statistical calculations. The results of this research prove that the use of TGT type cooperative learning based on counting funnel media has a positive effect on student learning outcomes. The average percentage of student learning outcomes using t-test calculations where tcount is greater than ttable, namely 3.277 > 1.740. So it can be concluded that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted, in other words there is a significant difference between the pretest and posttest

This study aims to determine the feasibility of SETS (Science, Environment, Technology, And Society) based modules on colloidal system, determine student learning outcomes after using SETS-based modules in learning and student responses to the modules. This study uses a 4-D development model consisting of define, design, development, and dissemination. This research was conducted at SMA Negeri 11 Medan which was carried out for 7 months. The feasibility of module was seen through a feasibility questionnaire for media and material experts based on the BSNP standard with a Likert scale of 1 to 5. Validation data obtained from media and material experts on SETS-based modules obtained an average percentage of 83.58% with the category valid/worthy. Student learning outcomes were obtained through the calculation of N-Gain test, which was equal to 0.74 in the high category and the average posttest score of students was 84.67. Student responses to the SETS-based module obtained an average percentage of 91.24% with a very high questionnaire interpretation. Based on the results obtained by the researcher, it can be concluded that this SETS-based module is appropriate for use in colloidal learning with a high student learning success rate and student responses that fall into very good criteria.

Mathematics is one of the subjects taught at all levels from basic education to higher education, which has a significant role in preparing students to have the ability to think logically, analytically, systematically, critically and creatively, as well as have the ability to work together. One of the activities in learning mathematics at school is through problem solving. Problem solving aims to see students' understanding of a material. Mathematical problem solving ability is a very important part of learning mathematics. However, in reality, the problem-solving ability of junior high school students' mathematics is still very low. From these problems, then one of the lessons that can improve the ability to solve mathematical problems is Problem Solving learning. One of the factors that influence differences in problem solving ability is learning style. Learning styles have a close relationship and influence on the learning process in order to achieve learning goals. With students knowing their learning style, learning Problem Solving can be done easily. The subjects of this study were students of class VIII A MTs Plus Sunan Drajat Kedungsantren Bojonegoro. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Problem Solving learning on mathematics learning outcomes when viewed from students' learning styles. The type of research used is quantitative research with the One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The results showed that testing the data on mathematics learning outcomes with the Paired Sample T-Test stated that the t_count value was -9.726. The t_count value is negative, because the pretest average value is lower than the posttest average value. In this case, the t_count value can be positive so that it becomes 9.726. Meanwhile, the value of t_table with ? = 0.05 and degrees of freedom (dk=n-1) with 24 students is 1.714. Then it can be seen that t_count > t_table, then H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted, meaning that there is a significant difference. So it can be concluded that the application of the Problem Solving learning model is quite effectively carried out in the teaching and learning process for class VIII A students of MTs Plus Sunan Drajat Kedungsantren on the material of geometric shapes on the flat sides of cubes and blocks.
 

This study aims to explore the application of GeoGebra software in improving students' mathematical communication skills. GeoGebra, as a visualization and interactive tool, is considered to be able to help students understand mathematical concepts more deeply and effectively. This literature study collects and analyzes various studies that have been conducted on the use of GeoGebra at various levels of education, from elementary school to college. The results of the study show that the use of GeoGebra can improve students' mathematical communication skills, both in written and oral form. Students who use GeoGebra tend to have an easier time describing and explaining mathematical concepts, as well as being more actively involved in discussions and problem-solving. In addition, GeoGebra also helps to increase students' motivation to learn and provide a more enjoyable and meaningful learning experience. The conclusion of this study shows that GeoGebra is an effective tool to be used in mathematics learning to improve students' mathematical communication skills.

This research aims to explain a review of the relationship between Self-efficacy and the ability to understand mathematical concepts, and how to develop and measure student Self-efficacy. In this research, the Systematic Literature research method was used which aims to obtain data from relevant research. With research sources coming from Google Scholar, Researchgate, Scopus, Syntax, and DOAJ. In this research, 17 reference sources were collected to obtain data and information. Information collected regarding differences in mathematical concept abilities in students' Self-Efficacy criteria, Development of Self-Efficacy in students in mathematics learning, Impact of students' Self-Efficacy on their ability to understand mathematical concepts, Measurement techniques (Indicators) of Self-Efficacy Efficacy of students' understanding of mathematical concepts. From the data collected, it was found that the technique that is often used is the Bandura technique. To develop self-efficacy in mathematics learning, you can focus on learning objectives, adding learning models, as well as 4 triggers, including: Mastery of experience, represented experience, social persuasion, and physical and affective conditions. In activating or applying these abilities, self-efficacy can have a positive impact on learning for students through external and internal learning activities of individual students. And self-efficacy is also useful in maintaining students' resilience in answering difficult questions, as well as understanding the concepts more deeply.

Forecasting the number of electricity customers is a crucial aspect of resource planning and management at PT PLN Tasikmalaya. One method that can be used to improve forecasting accuracy is Lagrange Interpolation, which constructs an interpolation polynomial based on known data points. Although this method has been widely applied in various fields, its use in forecasting the number of electricity customers remains rare. Therefore, this study aims to explore the application of the Lagrange Interpolation method in forecasting the monthly number of electricity customers at PT PLN Tasikmalaya.In this study, historical electricity customer data was used as the basis for constructing an interpolation polynomial, which was then utilized to forecast the number of customers from January 2024 to May 2024. The forecasting results indicate an increase in the number of electricity customers each month. After rounding, the estimated number of customers is 274,952 in January 2024, 278,142 in February 2024, 284,402 in March 2024, 296,031 in April 2024, and 316,391 in May 2024.The findings of this study demonstrate that the Lagrange Interpolation method can be applied to forecast the monthly number of electricity customers at PT PLN Tasikmalaya. However, to improve forecasting accuracy, it is recommended to compare this method with other forecasting techniques and consider external factors that may influence the number of customers, such as government policies, economic growth, and changes in electricity consumption patterns.

This research shows that the use of diverse learning resources in mathematics teaching improves student understanding. Textbooks, visual materials, math apps and math manipulatives help students with different learning styles. Internet-based and diverse learning resources also increase students' interest in mathematics and relate it to everyday life. The literature review method was used to reorganize, analyze, and synthesize existing literature rather than to collect primary data through experiments or surveys. These results emphasize the importance of mathematics teaching approaches that utilize diverse and intelligent learning resources. Teachers need to keep abreast of educational innovations and technologies to ensure effective and relevant mathematics education for students. This research provides a solid foundation for the improvement of mathematics teaching in schools and better understanding by students.

The purpose of this research is to find out the comparison of Inquiry and Problem Based Learning learning models on critical thinking skills in terms of students' learning interests. This research was conducted at SMP Negeri 5 Sandai. This research was a quantitative experiment with the type of quasi-experimental design (quasi-experimental) research. The design of this study followed the research paradigm flow of Randomized Only Control Group Design where the subjects taken were grouped into two groups, namely experiment I and experimental group II. In this study, the samples were VIII grade students consisting of VIII A and VIII B classes. Experimental class 1, VIII A consisted of 30 students and experimental class 2, VIII B consisted of 30 students. The data collection tools used in this study were response questionnaires and tests of critical thinking skills in the form of essay questions. The results of the analysis of variance of the two cell paths are not the same indicating that there are differences in critical thinking skills between students with high, medium and low interest in learning. Based on the post-anava test with the Scheffe method, the value of F_(.1-.2) = 0.7374; F_(.1-.3) = 6.7540; F_(.2-.3) = 1.4279; DK = {F?F<3.168}. From the results of the calculation of the two-way analysis of variance with unequal cells, the value of F_ab=1.576<F_(0.05;2;54)=3.16 means that H_0AB is accepted so that there is no interaction between the learning model and learning interest on students' critical thinking skills.

This research was conducted in class IX of Dian Todahe Middle School for the 2021/2022 academic year, with 25 students as subjects. This research aims to improve student learning outcomes by applying the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) approach to learning the movement of living creatures. This particular form of research is included in classroom action research (CAR) classification. This research examines student learning outcomes by analyzing their test scores before and after their involvement in the learning process, with a particular focus on Biology education, which is related to the movement of living things. Research findings show an increase in student performance during cycle II, which is then accompanied by an increase in student engagement. Of the total number of students, 22 (88%) completed their studies by getting a maximum score of 65. On the other hand, three students (12%) could only complete their studies if they scored below 65. The learning outcomes achieved in cycle II have fulfilled the requirements for completion. Traditionally, there has been a visible improvement in students' understanding of the subject matter.

The importance of character education in learning is to improve the quality of implementation and educational outcomes in schools which leads to the achievement of student character formation. In this case, the teacher is not only tasked with delivering learning material, but is also tasked with instilling character values in students (Fatmawati, 2017: 8). This type of research is qualitative research and the method used is a descriptive method. Sugiyono (2017:9) qualitative research is a research method used to examine natural objects. The main aim of qualitative research is to understand social phenomena or symptoms by providing an explanation in the form of a clear description of the social phenomenon or symptom in the form of a series of words which will ultimately produce a theory, which is explained (Sujardewi, 2014: 110). Based on the description that has been presented, this research is defined as a research process that produces descriptive data in the form of written or spoken words from people and behavior that is observed and carried out naturally. This research uses a qualitative research method with the hope of being able to describe the analysis of character education in mathematics learning material on absolute values for students at SMA class X Harapan Bangsa Samalantan. absolutely at SMA Harapan Bangsa Samalantan class X. In chapter IV, the results of the research that has been carried out and the discussion are presented. Therefore, (1) Results, (2) Discussion are successively put forward.1. Analysis of character education in mathematics learning with absolute value material in class X has been carried out by the teacher through planning, implementation and evaluation carried out by the teacher. Mathematics teachers in planning mathematics learning material have absolute values for the character values listed in the RPP, namely the character values of discipline, honesty, responsibility and skills. In implementing learning, mathematics teachers also apply character education through methods, strategies and learning media. Analysis of character education in mathematics learning with absolute value material is based on lesson plans that have been created and adapted to learning conditions. The teacher's learning implementation uses the case study method, so that students always think critically in their efforts to solve problem formulation in mathematics learning with absolute value material. Assessment of the achievement of character education in mathematics learning absolute value material in class X using test questions and observation sheets of student behavior in learning.

An introduction to algorithms begins with a basic understanding of the algorithm itself. An algorithm is an organized sequence of steps to solve a problem, taking into account systematic sequence and logical goals. Meanwhile, a programming algorithm is a set of instructions that a computer is asked to execute to solve a problem. Good mastery of programming algorithms is absolutely necessary for people who want to study computer science or mathematics. Therefore, this article aims to help readers who want to learn the importance of programming algorithms through basic concepts. This paper uses a literature review method from various types of existing sources to discuss history, function and properties, algorithm structure, notationincluding natural, pseudocode and flowcharts.
 

Basic vector concept material will be more meaningful and able to hone students' mathematical communication skills if learning is implemented that is appropriate to the characteristics of students and needs in the field. The aim of this research is to create a research design for basic vector concept material using the Dick and Carey model. The results show that there are 10 steps that teachers need to pay attention to when creating learning designs and ensuring that the learning objectives contained are in accordance with learning achievements and needs in the field.

Based on the observations that have been made, it is shown that students' mathematical communication skills are still relatively low so that an innovative learning model is needed to improve students' mathematical communication skills. This study aims to see whether the improvement in students' mathematical communication skills taught with the Two Stay Two Stray cooperative learning model is higher than the mathematical communication skills of students taught with the Think Pair Share cooperative learning model and to see how the improvement in mathematical communication skills taught with the two models. This study is a study that is included in the quasi-experimental category with a pretest-posttest control group design. The subjects in this study were 62 students in grades VIII-A and VIII-E of SMP Negeri 4 Balige. Based on the research that has been done, the results of the N-Gain test were obtained with an average N-Gain value in experimental class 1, namely 0.813 in accordance with the Gain index criteria in the high category and the average N-Gain value in experimental class 2, namely 0.693 in accordance with the Gain index criteria in the medium category. Based on the research that has been done, because the data is normally distributed and homogeneous, the hypothesis test is carried out using the t-test. Through the t-test that has been done, it was obtained that , namely 2.465>2.000. Therefore  is rejected, which means that the increase in mathematical communication skills of students taught with the Two Stay Two Stray cooperative learning model is higher than those taught with the Think Pair Share cooperative learning model.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya pengaruh project based learning terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa di SDN Dukuh Menanggal 1/424 Surabaya. Penelitian ini merupakan kuantitatif eksperimen semu. Desain penelitian ini adalah nonequivalent posttes-only control design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas II SDN Dukuh Menanggal 1/424 Surabaya yang berjumlah 72 siswa. Melalui cluster random sampling terpilih sampel kelas II-A sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas II-B sebagai kelas kontrol. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan tes. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu dengan menggunakan uji statistika yang terdiri dari uji normalitas, uji homogenitas dan uji hipotesis dengan menggunakan uji-t. Berdasarkan hasil dan pembahasan penelitian maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada berpengaruh pembelajaran model project based learning terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah pada materi bangun datar siswa kelas II sd di SDN Dukuh Menanggal 1/424 Surabaya. Hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan pertimbangan untuk menerapkan project based learning di sekolah dasar

The purpose of this research was to produce a worksheet based on problem-based learning that would enhance students' ability to communicate mathematically when working with number pattern content. The quality of this LKPD refers to the effective aspect. This research uses a type of research and development (R&D) with a model developed by Borg & Gall. The subjects in this research were students in class VIII-5 of SMP Negeri 1 Tanjung Morawa with a total of 27 students. The object of this research is teaching materials in the form of PBL-based LKPD. Teacher response questionnaires, student response questionnaires, expert validation sheets, teacher interview question sheets, and tests of mathematical communication competence were the tools employed. Based on the research results, the effectiveness of LKPD can be seen from the achievement of learning completeness with an average individual learning completeness of 88 and for classical completeness of 96.3%. So the LKPD developed is declared "effective". Students' mathematical communication abilities are at a percentage of 90.1%, at high criteria, and it can be noted that for the N-Gain assessment, results were obtained with a student average of 0.74, meaning that there was an increase in students' mathematical communication abilities with high criteria. So, based on the results, it can be concluded that the LKPD developed in this research is valid, effective, and can improve students' mathematical communication skills.

The development of information and communication technology (ICT) has opened up great opportunities in increasing the effectiveness of mathematics learning, especially in supporting students' computational thinking skills. This article presents a mini-literature review related to the use of Tibi's Mathematics Suite (TMS) as interactive software in mathematics learning. Using a descriptive qualitative approach and desk research method, this study analyzes various scientific sources to evaluate the contribution of TMS to the development of computational thinking, which includes decomposition, pattern recognition, abstraction, and algorithms. The results of the study show that TMS is able to increase students' interest in learning, independence, and metacognitive awareness, although its implementation still faces challenges such as limited infrastructure and teacher training. This review recommends the need for further empirical studies and education policy support so that the integration of TMS can be more optimal in the context of the Independent Curriculum and the strengthening of the Pancasila Student Profile.

Understanding the basic concept of multiplication is one of the important competencies that must be possessed by elementary school students. This study aims to analyze the extent of understanding the concept of multiplication of whole numbers in third grade elementary school students. A strong understanding of the concept at the initial stage is very important as a basis for mastering subsequent materials. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection techniques in the form of diagnostic tests. The test is designed to identify the level of understanding of third grade elementary school students. The subjects of this study were third grade elementary school students. The results of the mini-research showed that some students had difficulty understanding story problems so that they considered them to be additions, errors when reading multiplication problems, and misconceptions that emerged in solving multiplication problems. Students had great difficulty making mathematical forms from story problems. These findings provide an important picture for teachers to design more effective learning and adjust their learning needs. Keywords: understanding concepts, mathematics learning, multiplication.

This study aims to analyze the level of understanding of the division concept among third-grade elementary school students. Understanding division is a fundamental component in mathematics learning, serving as a basis for more complex numerical operations in higher grades. The research employed a descriptive qualitative method involving 5 students from an elementary school in. Data were collected through diagnostic tests, interviews, and observations. The findings revealed that most students still struggle to grasp the concept of division, particularly in understanding it as a grouping process and as repeated subtraction. Factors influencing students' comprehension include limited use of varied teaching methods, insufficient application of concrete learning media, and differences in students' learning styles. These findings are expected to serve as a reference for teachers in designing more effective and contextual learning strategies to enhance students’ understanding of the division concept at the elementary level.

This study aims to enhance students' critical thinking skills in Science learning at SMP Negeri 259 Jakarta through the utilization of the Class Point application. The research employs the Classroom Action Research (CAR) method conducted in three stages: pre-cycle, cycle I, and cycle II, with 35 eighth-grade students as the subjects. The results show that the use of Class Point significantly improved students' critical thinking skills, reflected by the increase in the class average score from 68.2 in the pre-cycle to 82.1 in cycle II. The students' engagement also increased from 55% in the pre-cycle to 89% in cycle II. Thus, the use of Class Point proves to be an effective alternative in enhancing students' critical thinking abilities in Science learning.

The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative research with the aim of the research being to describe the mathematical communication profiles of blind students. This research was conducted at SLB Negeri Rasau Jaya which is located at Education Street No. 2, Desa Rasau Jaya Satu, Rasau Jaya District, Kubu Raya Regency, West Kalimantan Province, using the K13 curriculum. This study will describe the mathematical communication of SLBN Rasau Jaya students in the Cartesian coordinate material seen from aspects (1) The ability of students to give answers using everyday language in explaining ideas, situations and mathematical relations, orally or in writing with real objects, pictures, graphics and algebra. (Aspects of Written text); (2) Students' ability to connect real objects, pictures, and diagrams into mathematical ideas. (Drawing Aspects); (3) Students' ability to express everyday events in language or mathematical symbols. (Aspects of Mathematical Expression). In this study, the subjects of the study were all students of class VIII SLB Negei Rasau Jaya, which consisted of three students with low vision criteria. The data collection tools used in the research were observation sheets, interviews, and written tests. The mathematical communication skills of blind students have good abilities in the aspect of drawing. While the writing aspect was not fulfilled properly and the mathematical expression aspect did not meet the indicators at all.