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This study aims to determine community participation and identify obstacles in the implementation of waste management policies in Medan Sunggal District, specifically the Pinang Baris area. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques including observation, interviews, and documentation. Informants in this study consisted of local residents and Medan City Environmental Agency employees who were deemed to have relevant information related to the issues being studied. The data obtained were then analyzed inductively through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of the study indicate that community participation in the implementation of waste management policies is still relatively low and inconsistent. This is evident in the community's irregular involvement in community-based activities, suboptimal household waste management practices, and low awareness of maintaining environmental cleanliness. Furthermore, the community still tends to mix waste and has not implemented sustainable waste sorting. This situation indicates that public awareness is actually starting to develop, but has not yet been matched by strong habits and commitment in daily practice. Furthermore, this study found several obstacles to the implementation of waste management policies, namely low public awareness, limited supporting facilities such as adequate trash bins, indiscriminate waste disposal, and a lack of public awareness campaigns. Therefore, the successful implementation of waste management policies depends not only on public participation but also requires adequate facilities and a sustained increase in the intensity of education and outreach from the government.

New York City (NYC) generates more than one million tons of compostable organic waste annually, most of which is still landfilled, contributing to greenhouse gas emissions and resource loss. Objective: This review aims to examine the circular economy potential of source-separated organic waste (SSOW) in NYC, with a primary focus on the residential curbside organics program. Method: This study uses a systematic literature review approach by synthesizing peer-reviewed articles, government reports, program documents, and policy records related to composting, anaerobic digestion (AD), community composting, life-cycle assessment (LCA), and NYC’s regulatory framework. Findings: The findings show that landfilling organic waste produces nearly 400 kg CO₂e per tonne, whereas composting generates net negative emissions of approximately −41 kg CO₂e per tonne and dry AD for renewable natural gas yields −36 to −2 kg CO₂e per tonne. Although NYC’s mandatory curbside composting program was fully enforced in April 2025 and collected more than 30,000 tons of organics in 2024, residential capture rates remain below 5%, indicating persistent challenges in infrastructure, public education, contamination control, and multi-family building compliance. Implications: These results imply that an integrated system combining composting, AD, and community composting can improve resource recovery, climate performance, and social participation. Originality: The originality of this review lies in its integrated analysis of technical, environmental, regulatory, and community dimensions of SSOW management within a single circular economy framework, providing a policy-relevant perspective for advancing zero-waste strategies in dense metropolitan contexts.

Thousands of metric tonnes of garbage remain unmanaged, and despite available solutions, many people are still reluctant to participate in proper waste disposal. This study aimed to identify the reasons behind the unwillingness of different age groups in Kuta Selatan, Badung, Bali to separate their garbage into biodegradable and non-biodegradable categories. This qualitative research used surveys and interviews for data collection. The survey involved three age groups: adolescents (10–19) with 15 respondents, young adults (20–39) with 15 respondents, and middle adults (40–60) with 11 respondents. Interviews were conducted with two environmental experts, and the data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The results showed that reluctance across age groups stemmed mainly from limited awareness of the environmental benefits of waste separation and the negative impacts of improper disposal. Adolescents additionally cited the lack of strict policies and penalties. Young and middle adults shared similar reasons, mostly linked to insufficient knowledge and low motivation. Environmental experts emphasized the importance of improving public awareness of waste management practices and enhancing waste management infrastructure through additional facilities and better-quality services. Overall, this study highlights the need for stronger policies, improved infrastructure, and increased public education to boost community participation in waste separation in Kuta Selatan.

This study examines the implementation of Green Disaster Management (GDM) policies by the Surabaya City Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) as a means to enhance disaster resilience through environmental sustainability. The research analyzes the integration of GDM principles across all phases of the disaster cycle pre-disaster, during response, and post-disaster recovery. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with key informants, participant observation, and document analysis at BPBD and pilot project sites, including mangrove conservation areas, green emergency posts, and eco-friendly reconstruction sites. The findings indicate that Surabaya has demonstrated significant commitment to embedding sustainability into disaster management through community education, environmentally friendly logistics, and eco-based mitigation measures. Nonetheless, challenges persist, such as limited funding, resistance from developers, logistical constraints, and societal perceptions favoring immediate response over environmental considerations. During disaster response, innovations such as solar-powered emergency equipment and waste segregation practices are being adopted, but their widespread application remains hampered by resource limitations. Post-disaster, efforts in eco-friendly reconstruction and reforestation programs have shown promising results but require enhanced public awareness and long-term maintenance. The success of GDM implementation depends on effective inter-agency coordination, political commitment, and community engagement. Despite progress, hurdles related to budget constraints, social resistance, and knowledge gaps fully hinder the adoption of green approaches. This study highlights the importance of strategic collaboration, policy support, and community participation to mainstream sustainability in disaster management continuously. Strengthening these aspects will not only improve Surabaya's disaster resilience but also contribute to sustainable urban development aligned with global frameworks such as the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction.

Waste management in Indonesia continues to face serious challenges, with waste generation reaching around 68 million tonnes per year, while the traditional landfill-based approach has become increasingly ineffective and unsustainable. This study aims to: (1) analyse the policy strategies of local government in implementing Integrated Waste Treatment Facilities (IWTFs) in Sidoarjo Regency; (2) identify the key success factors of the IWTF programme; (3) evaluate its impact on waste reduction and community participation; and (4) propose an effective governance model that can serve as best practice for other regions. Using a qualitative single case study approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews with local government officials, IWTF managers, and community leaders, as well as field observations at five IWTF sites and a review of relevant policy documents. Thematic analysis was applied within the framework of policy implementation and collaborative governance theories. The results show that IWTF success in Sidoarjo was driven by four main factors: strong political commitment supported by adequate budget allocation, a collaborative partnership between government, community, and private sector, community empowerment through economic incentives via waste banks, and a structured monitoring–evaluation system. The IWTF programme has reduced landfill waste by 35%, increased public waste-sorting participation from 20% to 68%, and generated IDR 2.4 billion annually from recycling activities. Overall, Sidoarjo’s IWTF initiative demonstrates that sustainable waste management can be achieved through decentralized, participatory, and collaborative governance backed by consistent policy and institutional capacity.

Waste management is a strategic issue in the pursuit of sustainable development in Kudus Regency. With a daily waste generation reaching 437.40 tons in 2024, and more than 30% remaining unmanaged, this condition reflects a significant gap between waste production and management capacity. This study aims to analyze the policy direction and strategies outlined in the 2025–2029 Regional Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMD) of Kudus Regency using a descriptive-analytical qualitative approach. The findings reveal that despite supportive policies, waste management in Kudus still faces challenges such as limited infrastructure, low public participation, and weak institutional integration. Circular economy-based strategies, community empowerment, waste-to-energy technologies (e.g., RDF), and participatory approaches are key to achieving sustainable waste management. The study highlights the importance of multi-stakeholder collaboration and behavioral transformation as fundamental pillars of effective environmental governance

This research is based on problems in the strategy of the environment and hygiene agency in waste management in the coastal area of Pangandaran Regency, including: 1). There are limitations of supporting facilities and infrastructure in waste management in coastal areas. 2). Low sense of responsibility and participation of the community and tourists in protecting the coastal environment from garbage. 3). A directed and sustainable waste management strategy in coastal areas has not been prepared by the Pangandaran Regency Environment and Hygiene Office. The purpose of this study is to find out the strategy of the environment and hygiene agency in waste management in the coastal area of Pangandaran Regency. The method used in this study is a descriptive method with a qualitative research approach. This study uses Primary Data and Secondary Data. The primary data in this study is the result of interviews with 8 informants consisting of 1 head of service, 1 head of field, 2 cleaners, and 4 community leaders from coastal areas. Secondary data in this study are documents that have relevance to the research. The data collection technique in this study consists of interviews, observations and documentation. The data analysis techniques in this study consist of data reduction, data display and conclusion or verification. The results of the study show that the strategy of the environment and hygiene agency in waste management in the coastal area of Pangandaran Regency has not run optimally. The obstacles are due to the ineffectiveness of the recycling program, the lack of public awareness, the absence of the application of technology and management strategies that have not involved the participation of other stakeholders, and the weak role of coordination among stakeholders. DLHK's efforts to overcome obstacles by education, policy issuance, and provision of basic waste management facilities.

The growth of population and rapid urbanization in metropolitan areas have triggered a significant increase in waste volume, including in the city of Bandung. This study aims to analyze the implementation of waste management policies using the Soft System Methodology (SSM), particularly through the CATWOE analysis framework. The research was conducted in three sub-districts with distinct characteristics—Coblong, Arcamanik, and Cinambo through in-depth interviews with key stakeholders and field observations. The findings reveal that programs such as Kang Pisman and TPS3R face major challenges related to public participation, cross-sectoral coordination, and limited resources. The CATWOE analysis identifies the need for system improvement by considering the perspectives of all stakeholders: the community (Customer), technical implementers (Actor), policy makers (Owner), and external environmental factors (Environment) that influence the effectiveness of waste management policies.

Community-based waste management is a strategic step toward achieving sustainable development in Gresik Regency, Indonesia. This policy aims to reduce waste volume, raise community awareness, and support the vision of a Green Regency. This study evaluates the implementation and effectiveness of community-based waste management policies using a qualitative case study approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and document analysis, then analyzed thematically to identify supporting and hindering factors influencing program success. The findings indicate that while progress has been made, significant challenges remain, including low levels of socialization, limited infrastructure, and weak inter-agency coordination. Community participation depends heavily on local leaders and facilitators, and the sustainability of institutions such as waste banks and management groups has yet to be evenly distributed. Adequate infrastructure, such as integrated waste processing facilities (TPS3R), is crucial and needs enhancement. Barriers like a lack of technical experts, cultural habits of indiscriminate waste disposal, and insufficient funding hinder the achievement of policy objectives. This evaluation underscores the necessity for increased education, institutional strengthening, and improved infrastructure to accelerate behavioral change and boost community participation. The results are expected to inform local government strategies for more effective implementation toward realizing a sustainable and environmentally friendly Gresik. An integrated and holistic approach is essential for optimizing waste management, creating a cleaner, healthier, and sustainable environment.

The waste phenomenon in West Pasaman Regency continues to increase along with the growing population In this regard, the West Pasaman Regency Government has issued Regional Regulation Number 44 of 2019 regarding Household Waste Management and Similar Household Waste in the Nagari to demonstrate concern for waste management and reduce waste spread The goal is to analyze how the implementation of this regulation is carried out. The research method used is qualitative descriptive, with data collection techniques of observation, interviews  and documentation, as well as using miles and huberman interaktif data analysis techniques. The findings of this research, which is analyzed with the Edward III implementation model, namely Communication, Resources, Disposition, Bureaucratic Structure, show that the implementation of Regent Regulation Number 44 of 2019 has not run optimally. This is because in terms of communication, it has not been carried out optimally due to the lack of socialization and communication to the Nagari. In terms of resources, human resources are still very lacking in terms of quantity and quality and training to improve human resources is also absent. The limited budget and also a decline have caused various problems such as the procurement and maintenance of infrastructure facilities to be hampered. And the facilities and infrastructure owned by DLH are still inadequate. Disposition/Attitude of the Implementer has not been optimal, the commitment of the Environment Agency and the Nagari Government and the lack of public awareness and understanding in managing household waste in accordance with existing regulations.The Bureaucratic Structure already has SOPs, but its implementation in the field is sometimes not in accordance with SOPs because infrastructure is inadequate and often damaged and the Nagari Government has not carried out its duties and functions as stipulated in Regent Regulation Number 44 of 2019. The inhibiting factors consist of budget limitations, limited human resources, lack of awareness and community participation.

  This journal discusses the influence of external and internal factors on delays in implementing environmental pollution approval and control at PT Royal Coconut. Through a case analysis approach, this research explores the impact of factors such as changes in environmental regulations, public pressure, and internal company policies on the timing of environmental approval implementation. We also consider internal organizational factors, such as risk management, corporate commitment, and technical capacity in the context of pollution control. This research explores the complex interactions between these factors and their impact on the implementation process of environmental agreements, providing in-depth insights for practitioners, policy makers and researchers interested in the field of industrial environmental management. Based on the research results, it shows that the basis for evaluating the implementation of environmental pollution control at PT Royal Coconut in West Limboto District is not in accordance with the approval, when viewed from Article 1338 of the Civil Code. The research results show non- compliance in the implementation of the agreement, which includes environmental violations and non- compliance with agreed obligations. In addition, there are several identified problems related to factors inhibiting the implementation of environmental pollution control agreements originating from internal and external factors of the company. such as, lack of legal and ethical awareness in business, lack of awareness of the impact of environmental pollution, lack of government education with the community regarding the dangers posed by factory waste, and lack of openness between the community and the management of PT Royal Coconut. So in realizing implementation it must require participation from the community and local government.

This research aims to evaluate the Tanjungpinang City Environmental Service's policy towards preventing Tanjungpinang City Landfill Waste. Tanjungpinang City is the capital of the Riau Islands province which will be used as a tourist city in the Riau Islands. However, to make this happen, one of the tasks of the Tanjung Pinang city government is to solve the waste problem in the city of Tanjung Pinang, especially the old city of Tanjung Pinang, which is a slum area that has the largest area among other slum settlements in Tanjung Pinang. The research method uses a descriptive approach which is a method that used to describe a phenomenon or event by relying on data and facts found in the field. The purpose of qualitative research with a descriptive approach is to explain and describe phenomena and their characteristics, as well as having a greater tendency towards how it is implemented or the reasons why something happens. The results of the research show that evaluation is very important so that steps are taken so that the policies made are not arbitrary. -To do this, there must be an appropriate regulatory basis in order to get maximum results because sea cleanliness is the main milestone in the Riau Archipelago, where almost 100% of the Riau Archipelago is sea and is a maritime area, therefore the importance of awareness by both the public and the government so that the economy which is based on the needs of communities in coastal areas and small islands as an effort to empower communities to increase community participation and capacity in coastal and small island management, especially in the field of dealing with coastal and marine waste pollution.