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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh profesionalisme ASN, independensi ASN, dan komitmen organisasi ASN terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan daerah pada Badan Keuangan dan Aset Daerah (BKAD) Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan jenis data primer yang diperoleh melalui penyebaran kuesioner kepada 45 responden. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah ASN pada BKAD Provinsi Sumatera Utara, dengan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa profesionalisme ASN dan independensi ASN berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan daerah. Sementara itu, komitmen organisasi ASN berpengaruh positif tetapi tidak signifikan terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan daerah. Secara simultan, profesionalisme ASN, independensi ASN, dan komitmen organisasi ASN berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan daerah pada BKAD Provinsi Sumatera Utara.

This study examines the influence of interest rates and the rupiah exchange rate on the money supply in Indonesia during the 2023–2025 period. A quantitative research approach was employed using monthly secondary data obtained from Statistics Indonesia (BPS) and Bank Indonesia (BI). The data were analyzed through multiple linear regression with the assistance of SPSS software. Several statistical procedures were applied, including classical assumption tests, partial significance tests (t-tests), simultaneous significance tests (F-tests), and coefficient of determination (R²) analysis. The findings reveal that interest rates have a significant negative effect on the money supply, while the rupiah exchange rate exerts a significant positive influence. Furthermore, the simultaneous test indicates that both variables collectively have a significant impact on the money supply. The coefficient of determination shows that 85.4% of the variation in the money supply can be explained by changes in interest rates and the rupiah exchange rate. These results highlight the importance of maintaining stable interest rates and exchange rates as essential components of monetary policy aimed at regulating the money supply and preserving monetary stability in Indonesia.

Perundungan di sekolah menengah pertama sering kali tidak muncul sebagai agresi verbal yang terang-terangan, melainkan tersembunyi dalam candaan yang telah menjadi norma di kalangan remaja. Bentuk dominan yang ditemukan adalah ejekan yang melibatkan nama orang tua siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti alasan di balik penggunaan ejekan nama orang tua sebagai candaan dalam interaksi remaja, serta memaknainya sebagai bentuk kekerasan simbolik dalam bullying verbal. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode fenomenologis. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam dengan guru Bimbingan dan Konseling serta peserta didik, observasi langsung terhadap interaksi siswa di sekolah, dan dokumentasi pendukung. Hasil penelitian mengungkap bahwa pelaku memandang ejekan nama orang tua sebagai humor dan sarana membangun kedekatan sosial, namun korban mengalami dampak psikologis yang serius, seperti rasa malu, sedih, takut, dan ketidaknyamanan di lingkungan sekolah. Fenomena ini diperkuat oleh dinamika kelompok sebaya, agresi relasional, serta normalisasi bahasa yang dilegitimasi melalui respons lingkungan. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa ejekan nama orang tua adalah manifestasi kekerasan simbolik yang dinormalisasi dalam budaya pergaulan remaja, namun kerap luput dari perhatian institusional, sehingga memerlukan perhatian mendalam dalam layanan bimbingan dan konseling di sekolah.

This study aims to analyze the strengthening of the organization's vision, mission, and values in improving the performance and identity of the institution at MTs Miftahul Hasanah Gading. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study category. Data collection techniques included observation and interviews, while data analysis utilized the Miles and Huberman model for data presentation, data reduction, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study indicate that the strengthening of the organization's vision, mission, and values is still not optimal. The formulation stage was semi-participatory, while the internalization of values was carried out normatively without a structured plan. However, exemplary leadership is a crucial factor in strengthening the implementation of organizational values. The results of these improvements can be seen in improved performance and the beginning of the realization of the institution's identity in the community. This study emphasizes that strengthening the vision, mission, and work values requires more integrated, cohesive, and sustainable mentoring to achieve maximum results in the institution's performance and identity.

The transformation of digital-based learning has changed the pattern of interaction between teachers and students from face-to-face communication to technology-mediated communication. This transformation has introduced various ethical challenges, including declining communication politeness, the spread of unverified information, and a lack of responsibility in the use of digital media. This study aims to formulate a conceptual framework for the internalization of Islamic moral values as a foundation for ethical digital interactions between teachers and students from the perspective of Islamic Religious Education. The study employed a qualitative approach using a library research method. Data were obtained from secondary sources, including books, scholarly journal articles, conference proceedings, and academic documents relevant to digital ethics, learning interactions, and Islamic moral values. Data were analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldana, which consists of data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing, and was further strengthened through content analysis to identify patterns and relationships among concepts. The findings indicate that the values of adab (proper conduct), amanah (trustworthiness), and tabayyun (verification) serve as the primary foundations of ethical digital interaction in education. The internalization of these values takes place through the stages of value transformation, value transaction, and transinternalization, supported by teachers’ roles as role models, facilitators, mentors, and motivators. This study proposes a conceptual framework for the internalization of Islamic moral values that can serve as a basis for strengthening digital ethics in Islamic Religious Education learning in the digital era.

This study examines the concept of compassion-based education (rahmatan lil ‘alamin) from the perspective of Islamic educational philosophy and its relevance to bullying prevention in Islamic educational institutions. The study is motivated by the tendency of modern education to emphasize cognitive achievement while giving less attention to moral and affective development, resulting in the persistence of bullying behavior in educational settings. This study employs a qualitative approach using library research. Data were collected from the works of Muslim scholars, scientific journals, and relevant literature on Islamic education and analyzed through content analysis. The findings reveal that compassion-based education is built upon the integration of moral development, purification of the heart, and the cultivation of adab (proper conduct). These elements contribute to the development of empathy, social concern, and moral awareness among students. Therefore, compassion-based education (rahmatan lil ‘alamin) has strong relevance as a preventive approach to reducing bullying behavior and fostering a more humane and supportive educational environment in Islamic educational institutions.

The development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in education offers efficiency, personalization, and adaptive learning, but also presents challenges related to reduced critical thinking, moral value internalization, and social interaction. This study analyzes the relevance of Ibn Khaldun’s educational thought in the Muqaddimah to address the challenges of education in the AI era. A qualitative approach was used through literature review and historical analysis of Ibn Khaldun’s concepts, including gradual learning (tadarruj), habituation (malakah), the development of three levels of intellect (al-‘aql al-tamyiz, al-‘aql al-tajribiy, al-‘aql al-nadzari), and the strategic role of educators as moral exemplars and value facilitators. The findings indicate that Ibn Khaldun’s principles can serve as a normative framework for integrating AI in education, ensuring that technology functions as a supporting tool (wasīlah), rather than replacing the educator’s role. Implementation strategies include a holistic and adaptive curriculum, value internalization through repeated practice, moral guidance by educators, AI-based adaptive learning models, and a balance between technology and humanism. This approach allows learners to develop as insān kāmil, fully balanced intellectually, morally, socially, and spiritually. The results underscore the importance of combining technological innovation with humanistic educational principles to cultivate competent, ethical, and well-rounded learners in the digital era.

Character education in the modern era faces massive moral disruption challenges. Often, students' discipline in Islamic institutions is reduced to a mere formality dependent on external supervision, making it vulnerable to fading without systemic control. Therefore, an educational innovation capable of converting regulative compliance into inner consciousness is urgently needed. This study aims to comprehensively analyze the innovation of character education through the habituation of tahajjud prayer in shaping the istiqomah attitude of students at the Nurul Jannah Foundation in Probolinggo City. A descriptive qualitative approach with an intrinsic case study design was employed in this research. Data were collected through participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies to explore students' subjective spiritual experiences, then analyzed using interactive model techniques. The results indicate that tahajjud prayer habituation is proven to be more than just a routine ritual, but a major catalyst for spiritual transformation that successfully cultivates intrinsic motivation. Through achieving inner peace (sakinah), closeness to Allah (taqarrub), and intense self-reflection space (muhasabah) in the last third of the night, students are able to develop autonomous discipline and mental resilience. Internalization of these values directly impacts the strong character of istiqomah, manifested in consistency of performing obligatory worship, firmness of moral principles, and psychological toughness in facing modern era challenges. The conducive pesantren environment and caretakers' exemplarity amplify this experience into an established habituation. The novelty of this study confirms that true istiqomah character cannot be built solely on external systemic coercion, but must root in authentic spiritual experiences. This recommends reorienting Islamic education models.

This study aims to analyze the transformation of Arabic grammar (nahwu) learning through the use of the Nahwu Muyassar book in the Badar Arabic English Club (BAEC) program at Baitul Abidin Darussalam Islamic Boarding School, Wonosobo. This research employed a qualitative approach with a case study design. The subjects consisted of two Arabic language teachers and fifteen students participating in the BAEC program, selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation, and were analyzed using Miles and Huberman’s interactive model, including data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings show that the use of Nahwu Muyassar facilitates students’ understanding of basic Arabic grammar rules because the material is presented in a concise, systematic, and practical manner. In addition, the integration of grammar instruction with a communicative approach through muhadatsah practice makes the learning process more contextual, interactive, and meaningful. These findings indicate that the use of simplified teaching materials combined with a communicative method can serve as an innovative alternative to improve the effectiveness of nahwu learning in Islamic boarding schools

Car Free Night (CFN) activities, which are held periodically in urban public spaces, have become one of the local government's strategies to support emission reduction and empower Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). This study aims to analyze the economic impact of CFN implementation on MSMEs in the handicraft sector in Sumbawa Regency. The method used is a mixed methods approach through a quantitative survey of 30 craft MSME actors and in-depth qualitative interviews with five key informants from government agencies, business actors, and visitors. The results show that the implementation of CFN has a positive impact on increasing MSME turnover by an average of 30-40% per event, opening up new market access, and strengthening the existence of local culture through regional craft products. However, the challenges faced include limited production capacity, suboptimal digital marketing, and dependence on physical events. Therefore, sustainable policy interventions are needed in the form of business management training, integrated digital promotion, and MSME support facilities in public spaces. This study reinforces previous findings that creative public spaces such as CFN contribute significantly to local economic growth.

This study was conducted to examine the integration of spiritual intelligence into Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning as an effort to strengthen students’ character. At MA Al-Amien Bugih Pamekasan, some students still demonstrate a lack of discipline, responsibility, and honesty in the learning process. To address these issues, PAI teachers integrate spiritual values through religious activities and the cultivation of positive habits during classroom instruction. This study aims to describe the implementation of spiritual intelligence integration, the strategies used by teachers, and its implications for students’ character development. This research employed a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were collected through observations, interviews, and documentation involving purposively selected informants, namely PAI teachers and students. Data analysis followed the Miles, Huberman, and Saldana model, including data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The validity of the findings was ensured through source and technique triangulation. The results indicate that the integration of spiritual intelligence in PAI learning has been implemented systematically through planning, implementation, and evaluation stages. Teachers incorporate spiritual values through religious practices, role modeling, learning reflections, discussions of moral values, and character assessments. These strategies contribute positively to the development of students’ character, particularly in fostering discipline, responsibility, honesty, cooperation, empathy, and independence. Although several challenges remain, including differences in students’ backgrounds, limited instructional time, and external environmental influences, the integration of spiritual values continues to support sustainable character development among students. The findings highlight the important role of spiritual intelligence in creating meaningful learning experiences and promoting positive character formation in Islamic educational settings.

Artikel ini membahas metodologi ilmu dalam perspektif Islam serta integrasinya dengan disiplin ilmu modern. Metodologi ilmu memiliki peran penting dalam menentukan cara memperoleh, mengembangkan, dan memvalidasi pengetahuan. Dalam perspektif Islam, sumber pengetahuan tidak hanya berasal dari rasio dan pengalaman empiris, tetapi juga dari wahyu sebagai landasan utama, sehingga menghasilkan pendekatan keilmuan yang bersifat holistik dan integratif. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi pustaka (library research) dengan mengkaji berbagai jurnal ilmiah dan buku yang relevan dalam kurun waktu beberapa tahun terakhir. Data dikumpulkan melalui teknik dokumentasi dan dianalisis secara deskriptif-analitis untuk memahami konsep metodologi ilmu dalam Islam, epistemologi keilmuan, serta tantangan dan implementasi integrasi ilmu dalam konteks modern. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa metodologi ilmu dalam Islam memiliki karakteristik yang dinamis, dengan menggabungkan pendekatan bayani, burhani, dan irfani. Integrasi antara metodologi ilmu Islam dan ilmu modern menjadi penting untuk menjawab berbagai tantangan global, seperti krisis moral, perkembangan teknologi, dan kompleksitas permasalahan sosial. Implementasi integrasi ini dapat diterapkan dalam bidang pendidikan, penelitian, dan kehidupan sosial, sehingga menghasilkan ilmu pengetahuan yang tidak hanya rasional dan sistematis, tetapi juga berlandaskan nilai-nilai spiritual dan etika. Dengan demikian, integrasi metodologi ilmu dalam perspektif Islam dan ilmu modern diharapkan mampu menciptakan sistem keilmuan yang lebih seimbang, relevan, dan berkelanjutan, serta memberikan kontribusi nyata bagi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan kehidupan manusia.

Hydroponic vegetable cultivation for the community of Bumisari Village aims to produce safe and economically valuable household-scale vegetables. This community service activity was conducted in Bumisari Village, Natar District, South Lampung Regency from July to August 2025. The program aimed to improve community knowledge, skills, and awareness regarding hydroponic cultivation, apply simple planting techniques, and encourage entrepreneurial development among residents. The vegetables cultivated included mustard greens and kale using a floating hydroponic system with styrofoam media. The implementation methods consisted of technical guidance, socialization, workshops, and direct practice related to cultivation techniques, preparation of plant nutrients, and monitoring plant growth. The results showed that the residents of Bumisari Village already had basic farming experience, while this activity further improved their skills in preparing hydroponic planting media and utilizing land and time productively. In addition, the program increased public knowledge about hydroponic systems and created opportunities for the establishment of new business groups based on hydroponic vegetable cultivation.  

This study aims to analyze the forms of Arabic language learning innovation implemented at the Center for Arabic Language Development (PKPBA) of UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang and to identify factors supporting their successful implementation. The research employed a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected through participatory observation, in-depth interviews with program administrators and instructors, and documentation analysis. The findings show that PKPBA implements integrated learning innovations through: (1) communicative skill-based curriculum development, (2) immersion learning supported by a total Arabic environment, (3) the utilization of digital media and Learning Management Systems (LMS), (4) authentic assessment through portfolio and oral examinations, and (5) continuous professional development for instructors and peer tutors. These innovations contribute to improving students’ motivation, confidence, and communicative competence, reflected in the high competency examination achievement rate. The study concludes that institutional commitment, lecturer professionalism, and a supportive language environment are the main factors contributing to the effectiveness of learning innovation at PKPBA. This study recommends the development of adaptive technology-based learning and the wider adoption of integrated innovation models in Arabic language education institutions

Stunting is a condition of growth failure in childrenunder five caused by chronic malnutrition, resulting in childrenhaving a height that is not appropriate for their age. Thiscommunity service activity aimed to increase public awarenessregarding stunting prevention through the provision ofsupplementary feeding programs and Vitamin A in Way NgisonVillage. This study used a descriptive approach with qualitativeand quantitative methods. Data were collected through interviewsand documentation, then analyzed descriptively to drawconclusions. The results showed that the reduction in stuntingcases in Way Ngison Village reached 50%; however, the outcomewas not yet optimal because the reduction target throughsupplementary feeding and Vitamin A programs should havereached 80%. This condition was influenced by the lack ofawareness and support from parents regarding stuntingprevention efforts. Through this program, students conductedsocialization activities on the importance of early stuntingprevention through supplementary feeding and Vitamin Aadministration for toddlers. Due to the limited duration of thecommunity service program, data regarding changes in stuntingprevalence after Vitamin A administration were not yet available.

This study examines the role of interactive dialogue based on social media in enhancing the quality of interpersonal communication between teachers and students. The rapid development of digital technology has transformed educational communication patterns from conventional one-way interaction into more open, fast, and participatory communication. In this context, social media functions not only as an information medium but also as an interactive space that enables more intensive two-way communication between teachers and students. This research employs a qualitative approach using a library research method to analyze various concepts, theories, and previous studies related to interpersonal communication and the use of social media in education. The focus of the study is directed toward how interactive dialogue facilitated by social media can improve openness, trust, emotional closeness, and the effectiveness of message delivery in the learning process. The findings indicate that interactive dialogue based on social media plays a significant role in strengthening interpersonal relationships between teachers and students. Social media enables more flexible communication that is not limited by time and space, while also encouraging active student participation in learning activities. Furthermore, the quality of interpersonal communication improves through the creation of more egalitarian, responsive, and collaborative communication environments.

This study aims to examine the role of the government in implementing gender political education in schools in Bengkulu Province. Within the context of Indonesia's national education system, gender equality remains a crucial issue that requires sustained attention, particularly in formal educational institutions. As the primary policymaker, the government plays a strategic role in ensuring that educational policies, curricula, teaching practices, and school environments promote the principles of gender equality and inclusiveness. This research employs a library research method by reviewing various scientific publications, policy documents, laws and regulations, government reports, and relevant academic sources related to gender and education. The findings reveal that the government has introduced several regulations and programs to support gender-responsive education and enhance equal opportunities for all students. However, the implementation of these policies in schools across Bengkulu Province continues to face significant challenges. These include limited teacher competence in gender-sensitive instruction, inadequate availability of gender-responsive learning materials, insufficient monitoring and evaluation mechanisms, and the persistence of patriarchal cultural values that influence educational practices. Therefore, this study recommends strengthening policy implementation, providing continuous gender-based teacher training, developing inclusive learning resources, and integrating gender political education into local curriculum content to promote greater gender awareness and equality in schools throughout Bengkulu Province.

This article examines the moral philosophy of Saint Augustine, focusing on the concept of free will and its implications for human sinful actions. The study aims to provide a philosophical and theological understanding of Augustine’s concept of free will and to analyze its correlation with human acts of sin. Augustine conceives of free will as a rational capacity inherent in human beings, enabling them to make conscious choices. In its essence, this freedom is oriented toward the good. However, due to the fallen condition of humanity, the will becomes disordered and is directed toward things that are lower than the highest good. Therefore, there exists an inherent correlation between free will and sinful action, wherein sin is understood as the manifestation of a misused will. Accordingly, the thought of Saint Augustine of Hippo affirms that free will is an essential gift that enables human beings to make conscious choices, including the choice to commit sin. Free will does not stand apart from moral reality; rather, it serves as the foundation for explaining that sin occurs as a result of the deviation of the human will from the highest good, namely God. Thus, it can be asserted that there is a clear, close, and inseparable correlation between Augustine’s concept of free will and human sinful action.

Entrepreneurship Study Programme students at Universitas Negeri Makassar's Faculty of Economics and Business had their digital literacy and relationship-building skills examined to see how they affected their entrepreneurial decision-making. Additionally, it determines if entrepreneurial drive is a factor in the relationship between these variables. Data for the study is collected quantitatively via questionnaires. The 427 students who completed the programme between 2019 and 2024 are the ones included in the study. With a 5% margin of error, 207 students were selected by proportional random sampling using the Slovin algorithm. A Google Form questionnaire was used to gather the data. After that, SmartPLS version 4 was used to analyse the data using the PLS-SEM approach. According to the findings, digital literacy significantly impacts entrepreneurial decision-making for the better. Entrepreneurial decision-making is positively and significantly impacted by the capacity to develop connections. There was a positive and statistically significant association between digital literacy and the capacity to form relationships, which in turn influenced entrepreneurial drive. There was a positive and statistically significant relationship between entrepreneurial motivation and entrepreneurial decision-making. Students' entrepreneurial decision-making is influenced by their entrepreneurial drive, which in turn is influenced by their digital literacy and relationship-building abilities.

Human happiness does not lie in physical pleasure, victory, wealth, honour, worldly power, a beautiful body, or the senses. People in religious communities seek something deeper, contemplating and acknowledging the highest value in union with God. Thomas Aquinas, in his Summa Contra Gentiles, arguments that human happiness lies in the contemplation of God, through which one attains peace and fulfilment in total self-surrender to God. However, in the lived experience of religious communities, a fear of matters related to sexuality is evident. Indeed, some misunderstand and misinterpret these matters, resulting in monks and nuns who become cold, dry, and rigid, acting in ways that violate sexual morality, thereby disrupting or even destroying—their ministry due to such improper conduct. Based on this, the author recognises the importance of education and the appreciation of sexual values for religious communities. Using a literature review method involving relevant books, journals, articles, and Church documents with a theological approach, it was found that the education of religious people requires aspects of happiness and sexuality education. The results of the study indicate that Thomas Aquinas’s concept of happiness can bridge religious life with sexuality education, which is one aspect that must be understood and lived out. Therefore, the happiness of love and the sexuality education of religious people need to be explored and lived out in the course of living and experiencing life as a religious person.