This study aims to describe the application of Internet of Things (IoT) technology in optimizing soil health management through a systematic literature review. This research compares various IoT implementations for monitoring soil moisture, pH, and nutrients based on previous studies, and identifies differences in technological approaches, sensors used, and automation levels. The review results indicate that although IoT technology is proven effective for real-time soil condition monitoring and supporting precision agriculture, its implementation varies significantly between advanced systems with full automation developed internationally and simpler, local monitoring systems in Indonesia. The comparison shows that wireless inductive moisture sensors are superior in accuracy and corrosion resistance compared to conductive sensors. A TDS sensor-based hydroponic nutrient monitoring system demonstrated high accuracy with an average error of 4.7468% , while soil pH monitoring achieved an accuracy with a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.14. Furthermore, automated watering systems proved to reach a success rate of up to 93.75%. This review concludes that adapting low-cost wireless sensor system models has great potential for improving the efficiency of soil management in Indonesia, despite facing challenges in infrastructure and digital literacy.
 

This qualitative study analyzes the role of Internet of Things (IoT) technology in regenerative soil management practices, focusing on global best practices that can be replicated in Indonesia. As a vital resource, soil plays a crucial role in supporting agricultural productivity and food security, yet it faces significant threats from degradation due to unsustainable agricultural practices and chemical overuse. The study emphasizes the importance of integrating IoT technology to monitor and manage soil conditions in real-time, enhancing decision-making for sustainable agriculture. Key questions addressed include how IoT supports regenerative practices, examples of successful global implementations, and the effectiveness of IoT in improving soil quality and organic carbon content. Findings highlight that IoT can significantly enhance soil health by enabling precise monitoring of key parameters such as moisture, pH, and temperature, thereby facilitating timely interventions. The research also explores the challenges and opportunities associated with IoT adoption in regenerative agriculture, particularly in developing countries. Ultimately, the integration of IoT in regenerative soil management presents a promising pathway to achieving sustainable agricultural practices that meet the growing global food demands while restoring ecosystem health.